内容正文:
24. 【2025年高考最后5天冲刺】英语必知:
读后续写 一个好的故事开头(适用于全国备考)
一个出色的故事开头如同散发着诱人香气的诱饵,能迅速吸引读者,使其饶有兴致地阅读下去;反之,拙劣的开头则会让读者兴致索然。在时间紧迫的高考英语读后续写中,写出亮眼的开头极为关键。我们可从语法手段和写作内容两方面精心设计故事开端。
一、2022-2024 年高考英语 I 卷、II 卷读后续写考情分析
年份
卷别
主题语境
话题
语篇类型
2024
I 卷、II 卷
人与社会
打车费相关,作者与出租车司机解决车费问题
情感类
2023
I 卷、II 卷
人与自我
老师帮助作者培养写作兴趣
励志类
2022
I 卷、II 卷
人与自我
鼓励残疾学生参加越野赛跑
励志类
(一)主题特点
涵盖人与自我、人与社会等主题,着重考查学生对生活中各类情感、人际关系及社会现象的理解与表达能力,引导学生关注自身成长和社会生活,促使学生从生活经历中汲取感悟,并通过英语写作展现对这些主题的深度思考。
(二)语篇类型
以记叙文为主,叙议结合为辅。语篇材料富有正能量且通俗易懂,故事线索逻辑性强,方便学生理解与把握整体情节架构,为基于给定情节进行合理续写奠定基础,有利于学生充分发挥想象力与逻辑思维能力。
(三)情节设置
围绕生活中的具体事件展开,如学习、救助等。这些事件常包含矛盾冲突或问题,需要学生通过续写解决问题或推动故事发展,以此考查学生的逻辑思维和解决实际问题的能力,要求学生能够在理解原文情节的基础上,合理构思续写部分,使故事完整且富有逻辑性。
二、无灵主语句
无灵主语句是指用表示无生命意义的名词充当句子主语,使句子表达更生动形象,为故事营造独特氛围。
(一)时间 / 地点 / 场景类名词 + 谓语
常见名词有 silence(安静沉默)、hush(安静)、dusk(黄昏)、dawn(黎明破晓)、morning(早晨)、afternoon(下午)、night(夜晚)等;动词有 see(看见)、witness(见证)、find(发现)、fall(降临进入)等。
· 典例剖析:在 2023 年新高考 I 卷读后续写中,“Then came the big day.” 简洁有力地引出故事中重要日子的到来,让读者瞬间聚焦故事发展节点。
· 典例背诵
· “Dusk found the little girl crying in the street.” 描绘出黄昏时分,小女孩独自在街上哭泣的画面,给人以孤独、无助之感。
· “That chilly afternoon witnessed him trudging in the snow.” 生动展现出那个寒冷的下午,他在雪地艰难跋涉的情景,寒冷与艰辛跃然纸上。
· “Night has fallen over the country.” 形象地营造出夜幕笼罩乡间的静谧氛围,为故事发展提供了背景。
· “Last Friday saw a cross - country running race taking place with its route from our school gate to the foot of Mount South.” 清晰交代了上周五举行的越野赛跑比赛及路线信息,自然地引入故事相关活动。
· “Last Saturday witnessed a heated discussion in our school hall with the theme of ‘environmental protection’.” 点明上周五在学校大厅围绕 “环境保护” 主题展开的激烈讨论,为故事增添了话题背景。
(二)自然现象类名词 + 谓语
常见名词有 sun(太阳)、sunshine(阳光)、moon(月亮)、moonlight(月光)、fog(雾)、mist(薄雾)、rain(雨)、earthquake(地震)等;动词有 blanket(覆盖)、come(来临)、bring(带来)、prevent(妨碍阻止)、strike(打击侵袭)、threaten(威胁 / 即将来临)等。
· 典例剖析:“Night fell, the wind grew strong, and the tree creaked and groaned.” 通过 “夜”“风”“树” 等无灵主语,生动营造出紧张、神秘的氛围,仿佛让读者身临其境,感受故事中的不安。
· 典例背诵
· “A heavy rain visited the city.” 赋予 “雨” 以人的行为,生动描述城市刚经历一场大雨的情景。
· “The rain prevented me from coming.” 清晰表明因下雨导致 “我” 无法前来的因果关系。
· “The thick fog blanketed the field.” 形象展现出浓雾笼罩大地,一片朦胧的景象。
· “The snow scrunched under foot.” 通过声音描写,让读者仿佛能听到雪在脚下发出的嘎吱声,增强画面感。
· “In the severe winter, another snowstorm attacked the whole world.” 突出寒冬中暴风雪侵袭世界的恶劣天气状况,营造严峻氛围。
(三)用于情感状态的抽象名词作主语 + 谓语
常见名词有 happiness(开心快乐)、joy(喜悦)、delight(高兴)、excitement(兴奋)、surprise(惊奇惊讶)、astonishment(惊讶)、shame(羞耻羞愧)、anger(愤怒)、despair(绝望)、regret(遗憾后悔)、sorrow(悲伤)、horror(惊恐)、anxiety(焦虑)、disappointment(失望沮丧)、satisfaction(满意满足)、puzzlement(困惑不解)、eagerness(渴望)等;动词有 seize(侵袭)、choke(噎住堵住)、flood(充满)、creep(不知不觉产生)、grip(紧抓)、give way to(被…… 取代)、wash over(洗涤侵袭)、deserted(丢弃遗弃)、well up(涌出)等。
· 典例剖析:“A wave of delight took hold of me the moment I heard the news.” 用 “一阵喜悦之情” 作主语,比直接表述 “我感到很高兴” 更具感染力和画面感,让读者深切体会到喜悦瞬间袭来的强烈感受。
· 典例背诵
· “Anxiety tore him into pieces.” 深刻描绘出他被焦虑折磨得痛苦不堪的状态。
· “Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam.” 生动展现出一想到考试失败,他便陷入绝望的心境。
· “A wave of nervousness washed over him.” 形象表现出紧张情绪如波浪般涌上他心头的状态。
· “A chill of horror suddenly swept over him.” 使读者能真切感受到他突然不寒而栗的惊恐。
· “A wild excitement took hold of her.” 突出她极度兴奋的状态,让读者感同身受。
(四)身体部位 / 音容笑貌类名词 + 谓语
常见名词有 face(脸)、laughter(笑声)、smile(微笑)、tear(眼泪)、words(话语)等;动词有 light up(照亮)、brighten(使变亮)、linger(继续存留)、well up(涌出)、flash(闪烁)、crumple(弄皱)等。
· 典例剖析:“His eyes filled with tears when he heard the news.” 用 “他的眼睛” 作主语,直观且形象地描绘出他听到消息后,情绪激动、眼中含泪的反应,增强情感表达效果。
· 典例背诵
· “Her face brightened when I gave her the present.” 生动展现出她收到礼物时,脸上焕发光彩,喜悦之情溢于言表。
· “His words sent me a quiver through my body.” 形象地传达出他的话让 “我” 全身战栗,内心受到极大触动。
· “Laughter lingered around the room.” 营造出房间里充满欢声笑语,热闹且温馨的氛围。
· “Tears welled up in Lily’s eyes.” 细腻描绘出 Lily 眼中涌出泪水,或感动或悲伤的情绪。
· “His face burned with embarrassment.” 清晰展现出他因尴尬而脸红的窘态。
(五)行为事物的名词作主语 + 谓语
常见名词有 thought(想法)、glance(一瞥)、look(看到)、idea(想法)、feeling(感受)、walk(走路)、sight(景象)、house(房子)、watch(表)、car(汽车)、pet(宠物)等;动词有 overwhelm(压倒)、strike(打击侵袭)、arouse(唤起)、remind(想起)、fill...with(充满……)、change(改变)、bring(带来)等。
· 典例剖析:在 2023 年新高考 I 卷读后续写中,“His usual big toothy smile was absent today.” 通过描述他往日标志性的笑容消失,暗示出他今天状态的不同,引发读者好奇。
· 典例背诵
· “The story reminds me of a saying that ‘Never judge a person by his appearance’.” 表明故事使 “我” 想起相关谚语,引发对故事寓意的思考。
· “The sight of the scene filled me with horror.” 生动展现出看到特定场景后,“我” 内心充满恐惧的感受。
· “A terrible thought suddenly struck me.” 形象描述出一个可怕想法突然出现在脑海中的瞬间。
· “A ten - minutes’ walk brought us to the hotel.” 简洁说明通过十分钟步行到达旅馆的行程信息。
· “The thought of seeing her son very soon filled her heart with great happiness.” 深刻描绘出想到即将见到儿子,她内心充满幸福的情感状态。
· “His name didn’t register in my mind.” 清晰表达出 “我” 想不起他名字的状况。
· “Newly - built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.” 生动展现出新建小木屋排列在街道,将旧城镇变为仙境的美好景象。
· “My watch says it is eleven.” 简洁表述手表显示的时间。
· “The out - of - town shopping centre kill local trade.” 揭示出城外在购物中心对本地商业造成冲击的现象。
· “A ten minutes’ walk brought us to the hotel.” 再次强调步行到达旅馆这一行为结果。
三、状语开头显灵动
(一)非谓语短语作状语开头
非谓语动词(短语)作状语置于句首,可使句子开头更加简洁、生动,同时能清晰表明与句子主语的逻辑关系。
· 典例剖析
· 在 2022 新高考 I 卷读后续写中,“Gasping with pain, David forced himself to his feet and with slow, shaky steps, began to run.” 通过 “Gasping with pain” 这一现在分词短语,生动描绘出 David 忍着疼痛的状态,使读者能直观感受到他的艰难。
· 在 2023 新高考 I 卷读后续写中,“Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.” 用 “Encouraged by his words” 这一过去分词短语,清晰表明 “我” 是受到他的话的鼓励才决定尝试,逻辑关系明确。
· 典例背诵
2. “Deeply moved by the little boy's words, he agreed to the boy's request.” 体现出他被小男孩的话深深打动后,同意请求的情感变化与行为结果。
2. “Trembling with fear, he covered his head with the quilt.” 生动刻画他因恐惧而颤抖,用被子蒙头的惊恐模样。
2. “Hearing the bad news, Mary felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help weeping bitterly.” 通过 “Hearing the bad news” 这一现在分词短语,自然引出 Mary 听到坏消息后的悲伤情绪及痛哭反应。
2. “Knowing that they had arrived safely, I breathed a sigh of relief.” 清晰表明 “我” 因为知道他们安全到达,所以松了一口气的因果关系。
2. “Thinking that she had to spend another night in the wild place, she felt she was thrown into the depths of despair.” 展现出她想到要在野外再度过一晚,从而陷入绝望深渊的心理过程。
2. “Not wanting to make the patient nervous, the doctor didn’t explain the seriousness of his illness.” 体现出医生出于不想让病人紧张的考虑,而未说明病情严重性的行为动机。
2. “Having experienced so many failures one after another, she finally picked herself up.” 突出她经历多次失败后,最终振作起来的成长历程。
(二)副词 / 形容词(短语)开头
副词或形容词(短语)置于句首,能迅速营造氛围,表达情感或状态,使读者更易融入故事情境。
· 典例剖析:在 2023 年新课标高考英语 I 卷中,“A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. Unexpectedly, I beat a lot of participants and won the first prize.” 副词 “Unexpectedly” 置于句首,精准传达出作者得知获奖消息时意外的心情,增强情感冲击力。
· 典例背诵
2. “Depressed and helpless, Jim burst into tears.” 通过 “Depressed and helpless” 这一形容词短语,生动描绘出 Jim 沮丧、无助,进而大哭的状态。
2. “Extremely worried, they decided to wait for him at the airport.” 突出他们因极度担心,而决定在机场等待的行为动机。
2. “Modest and easy - going, he soon made a lot of friends, getting along well with them.” 表明他因谦虚、随和的性格特点,很快交到很多朋友并相处融洽,使人物形象更丰满。
2. “Eager and enthusiastic, we gathered at the school gate early, chatting and laughing all the time.” 营造出我们满怀热情、渴望,早早在校门口集合,欢声笑语不断的欢快氛围。
(三)with 的复合结构作状语开头
“with 的复合结构” 作状语,可丰富句子表达,从多个角度描述伴随情况,使故事场景更具体。
· 典例剖析
1. 在 2024 新高考 I 卷读后续写中,“With the cookie that my mother had given me, I hesitated.” 运用 “with + 宾语 + 定语从句” 的复合结构,强调 “我” 拿着母亲给的饼干这一动作及伴随的犹豫状态。
1. 在 2023 新高考 I 卷读后续写中,“I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. With excited tears in my eyes, I thanked him again, adding that it was he who let me get a taste for writing.” 通过 “With excited tears in my eyes” 这一 with 复合结构,生动展现出 “我” 去感谢老师时,眼中含泪的激动模样。
· 典例背诵
2. “She walked slowly to the platform, with her legs trembling and her heart beating fast.” 从腿部颤抖和心跳加快两方面,细致描绘出她走向讲台时紧张的状态。
2. “He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling.” 突出他躺在床上,眼睛盯着天花板,或沉思或发呆的状态。
2. “With nothing left in the fridge, she went out to get something to eat.” 清晰表明因冰箱里没东西,她出去找食物的因果关系。
2. “With more and more students participating, the competition becomes fiercer and fiercer.” 体现出随着学生参与人数增多,比赛愈发激烈的动态变化过程。
2. “With noise going on, I couldn’t concentrate on my studies.” 说明因噪音持续,“我” 无法专心学习的干扰情况。
2. “With tears welling up in his eyes, and a big smile on his face, Jane said, ‘I’m grateful to Mary for all the hard work she has done.’” 生动描绘出 Jane 热泪盈眶且面带笑容表达感激的画面。
2. “With my heart in my mouth, I went for the job interview.” 形象地表现出 “我” 去面试时提心吊胆的紧张心情。
(四)独立主格结构开头
独立主格结构由 “名词 / 代词 + doing/done/ 介词短语” 构成,能独立表达一个相对完整的意思,使句子结构更丰富,表达更客观、细腻。
· 典例剖析:在 2024 新高考 I 卷读后续写中,“A wave of warmth welled up inside, I was a little embarrassed but also felt deeply moved.” 其中 “A wave of warmth welled up inside” 是独立主格结构,生动展现出 “我” 内心涌起暖流,以及随之而来的复杂情感,使情感表达更真实、细腻。
· 典例背诵
2. “He returned five days later, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces.” 通过对他回来时脸部沾满泥巴、衣服破碎的状态描述,生动展现出他历经艰难的形象。
2. “After hearing Bob’s experience, they froze, their mouth hanging open.” 形象描绘出他们听到 Bob 经历后,惊讶得张大嘴巴、愣住的反应。
2. “Everything having been tried, they still couldn’t find a solution.” 表明在尝试了所有办法后,仍未找到解决方案的无奈结果。
2. “‘Are you all right?’ the teacher asked, her voice filled with concern.” 通过 “her voice filled with concern” 这一独立主格结构,突出老师询问时关切的语气。
2. “She was lying on the grass, her hands crossed under her head.” 生动描绘出她躺在草地上,双手交叉枕在头下的惬意姿态。
2. “The mother held the child in her arms, tears streaming down her face.” 或 “The mother held the child in her arms, with tears streaming down her face.” 展现出母亲抱着孩子,泪如泉涌,或悲伤或感动的情感状态。
2. “Everything taken into consideration, I think I’m qualified for the job.” 体现出在综合考虑所有因素后,“我” 对自己胜任工作的判断。
(五)状语从句及其它从句等高级句式开头
· 典例剖析
1. 非限制性定语从句:
2. (2022・新高考全国 I)I gave him a big thumb - up, which made him gather his courage and decided to run. 此句中,“which made him gather his courage and decided to run” 为非限制性定语从句,对前面 “我对他竖起大拇指” 这一行为进行补充说明,生动展现出该行为所产生的影响,使句子信息更加丰富。
2. 宾语从句:
2. (2022・新高考全国 I)Ignore what the players from other teams would say and I believe you could make it. 这里 “what the players from other teams would say” 作 “ignore” 的宾语,通过宾语从句清晰地表明需要忽略的具体内容,增强了句子表达的准确性与逻辑性。
3. 同位语从句:
2. (2021・浙江 1 月)I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. My brother came up with an idea that he could cut the pumpkin with a knife. 句中 “that he could cut the pumpkin with a knife” 是 “an idea” 的同位语从句,对 “主意” 的具体内容进行解释,让读者更清楚哥哥想出的办法是什么。
4. 时间状语从句:
2. (2020・新高考全国 I)When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. So they took immediate action as John had proposed. “When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea” 为时间状语从句,明确了 “她认为这是个好主意” 以及 “采取行动” 的时间背景,使事件发展的脉络更加清晰。
5. 非谓语动词 + 定语从句:
2. (2020・浙江 7 月)At the very moment, the helicopter arrived. It hovered over the camp, causing strong wind that blew the bear unsteady on his feet. “causing strong wind” 为现在分词作结果状语,表明直升机盘旋产生的结果;“that blew the bear unsteady on his feet” 是定语从句,修饰 “strong wind”,详细描述风对熊造成的影响,使场景描写更加生动。
· 典例背诵
1. When 引导的时间状语从句搭配情不自禁的表达:
2. When she knew/thought of/saw..., she couldn’t help doing...
2. When she saw the broken vase, she couldn’t help crying. 当她看到破碎的花瓶时,她忍不住哭了起来。此句式通过时间状语从句引出特定场景,再结合 “couldn’t help doing” 表达主人公的不由自主的反应,情感表达真挚且自然。
2. 具体情境示例:
2. When she knew the result, she couldn’t help crying./tears/... 当她知道结果时,她忍不住要哭起来 / 流下了眼泪。这种表述在描述人物对结果的情绪反应时非常实用,能够迅速让读者感受到人物的情感波动。
3. As 引导的时间状语从句:
2. As the teacher began the lesson, silence crept into the classroom. 老师开始上课时,教室里一片寂静。“As” 引导的时间状语从句,生动描绘出随着老师开始上课这一动作的发生,教室环境的变化,画面感十足。
4. Whether 引导的让步状语从句:
2. Whether in class, at work, or at home, James was always busy. 无论在课堂上、工作中、还是在家里,James 总是很忙。此句通过让步状语从句,全面涵盖不同场景,强调 James 忙碌状态的普遍性,增强句子的表现力。
(六)强调句 / 倒装句开头
· 典例剖析
1. 强调句:
2. (2022・浙江高考・6 月卷)It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. 此句运用 “It is…that..” 强调句结构,强调 “his brave heart and strong faith”,突出正是这种勇敢的心和坚定的信念最终促成了不寻常的事情发生,使句子重点突出,增强表达的感染力。
2. 倒装句:
2. (2022・新高考全国 I)However, so determined was David that he ignored everything around him, only watching forward. “so + 形容词 + be 动词 + 主语 + that 从句” 的倒装结构,强调 David 的坚定程度,生动展现出他专注向前、不受外界干扰的状态,提升了句子的表达质量。
3. 强调句(强调人):
2. (2021・浙江 1 月)That video was posted the day before Halloween. It was my brother who did that for amusement. 该句通过强调句强调动作执行者 “my brother”,突出是哥哥出于好玩发布了那段视频,让信息传达更有侧重点。
4. 倒装句(Hardly…when… 结构):
2. (2020・浙江 1 月)Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared. Hardly had the little dog come out when Poppy came over to lick it as if it were a long - lost friend. “Hardly had…when…” 表示 “一…… 就……”,使用倒装结构,使句子节奏紧凑,生动地描绘出小狗刚出来,波比就立刻过来舔它的场景,增强故事的连贯性和趣味性。
5. 正常语序与倒装对比示例:
2. Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. I got a fright, so did my horse. (2018・浙江 6 月)此句后半部分 “so did my horse” 为倒装结构,与正常语序 “My horse also got a fright” 相比,倒装句更能强调马和 “我” 一样受到惊吓的情况,突出两者反应的相似性,使句子更具表现力。
6. 强调句(强调方式):
2. (2020・浙江 7 月)A few minutes later, the bear came back. It was with great strength that the bear shook and tore the fence. 强调句强调熊破坏栅栏时使用的 “with great strength”,突出熊的力量之大,让读者对熊的行为有更深刻的印象。
· 典例背诵
1. Not only…but also… 的倒装结构:
2. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. 这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕了,而且还被送进了监狱。对比正常语序
2. The poor man had not only been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. 倒装结构将 “Not only” 置于句首,强调 “被逮捕” 这一情况的严重性,同时使句子结构更加紧凑,富有变化。
2. 否定词置于句首的倒装:
2. Not a word did he say that day. 那天他一句话也没说。对比正常语序
2. He didn’t say a word that day. 倒装句通过将 “Not a word” 提前,突出 “他” 的沉默,增强了句子的语气。
3. Only + 状语置于句首的倒装:
2. Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 他回到家才知道出了什么事。对比正常语序
2. He realized what had happened only when he returned home.
【解析】倒装结构强调 “回到家” 这个时间点对 “意识到发生了什么” 的重要性,使句子的逻辑重点更突出。
4. So…that… 的倒装:
2. So thrilled was Jack that he stepped into the stage, giving his wife a warm hug. 杰克激动得走上舞台,给了妻子一个温暖的拥抱。
【解析】此句将 “so thrilled” 提前,强调杰克激动的程度,让读者更能感同身受杰克的情绪状态。
三、虚拟句开头
· 典例剖析
2. (2021・浙江高考・1 月卷)I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. How I wished I had not acted so foolishly, making myself a laughing stock of my family!
【解析】此句用虚拟语气感叹句 “How I wished……” 生动地描写出作者后悔的心情。在该情境中,作者被困后,通过虚拟语气表达对之前行为的懊悔,即要是没有那么愚蠢地行动就好了,这种表达让读者深切感受到作者的自责情绪。
· 典例背诵
1. But for 引导的含蓄虚拟条件句:
2. But for your donations, many more children would go hungry. 要不是你的捐赠,会有更多的孩子挨饿。
【解析】“But for” 表示 “要不是”,通过虚拟假设没有捐赠的情况,突出捐赠的重要性和积极影响。
2. 省略 if 的虚拟条件句倒装:
2. Had it not been for Mr. Black’s patience and encouragement, I wouldn’t have achieved my dream at last. 如果没有 Black 先生的耐心和鼓励,我最终不可能实现我的梦想。
【解析】该句省略 “if”,将 “had” 提前形成倒装,强调 Black 先生的帮助对 “我” 实现梦想的关键作用,增强句子的表达效果。
3. If only 引导的虚拟语气:
2. If only I had listened to my mother’s advice.
要是我听了妈妈的话就好了。
【解析】“If only” 表达一种强烈的愿望或遗憾,此句生动展现出说话者对过去未听从妈妈建议的懊悔之情。
4. How I wished 引导的虚拟语气:
2. How I wished they had moved to protect us. 我多么希望他们已经行动起来保护我们。
【解析】此句通过 “How I wished” 表达出对他人未采取保护行动的遗憾和期望,使情感表达真挚且强烈
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