专题02 八下核心语法复习二（形容词和副词基本用法和比较等级、原因状语从句、过去进行时）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（沪教牛津版）

专题02 八下核心语法复习二 （形容词和副词基本用法及句型+比较等级用法、原因状语从句、过去进行时） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：即学即练强化效果，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚 核心考点聚焦 核心考点聚焦 一、形容词的基本用法 形容词是用来描述和修饰名词或代词的一类词，用来说明人或事物的性质和特征。 ( 考点 一 形容词的句法功能 ) 句法功能 用法 示例 作定语 一般位于被修饰词的前面，起描述、修饰或限定被修饰词的作用。 If you live a healthy life,your memory will work better. 如果你过着健康的生活，你的记忆力会更好。 作表语 位于连系动词be、look、sound、smell、 taste、feel、get、become、seem等后，构成系表结构。 What you said is not true. 你所说的话不是真的。 作补足语 可以作主语补足语和宾语补足语，说明主语和宾语的性质、状态、特征等。常接形容词作补足语的动词有keep、find、make、think等。 My friend Peter finds maths very difficult. 我的朋友彼得发现数学很困难。 作状语 主要表示原因、伴随或结果等。形容词作状语位于句首或句末，常用逗号与其他部分隔开。 She was lying in bed,wide awake.(表伴随) 她在床上躺着，十分清醒。 Hungry and tired,I have to stop to have a rest.(原因状语) 又饿又累，我不得不停下来休息。 We arrived home very late, safe and sound.(表结果) 我们很晚才到家，安然无恙。 知识拓展： 一、有些形容词只用作表语，不作定语： 1.某些以a- 开头的形容词:alone单独的;asleep睡着的；afraid害怕的；awake醒着的；aware知道的 ashamed羞愧的；alive活着的 2.某些表示身体状况的形容词:well/fine健康的；ill有病的 3.某些描述感受、心情、状态的形容词:pleased/glad高兴的；sorry难过的；sure有把握的；ready准备好的 二、形容词作状语，一般位于句首或句末，常用逗号与其他部分隔开。如： Hungry and tired, he fell asleep immediately. 三、高频考点：-ing形容词和-ed形容词 -ing形容词和-ed形容词 amazing令人惊讶的→amazed惊奇的 exciting令人激动的→excited激动的 frightening令人害怕的→frightened害怕的 interesting有趣的→interested感兴趣的 boring令人厌烦的→bored厌烦的 worrying令人担忧的→worried担忧的 pleasing令人愉快的→pleased开心的 surprising使人惊奇的→surprised吃惊的 提示： -ing形容词常译为“令人……的”;-ed 形容词常译为“感到……的”。当通过声音、表情等描述人的感受时，也用-ed形容词。如：an excited expression兴奋的表情 ( 考点 二 形容词的 短语和句型 ) 1.形容词与介词的搭配 搭配 例子 例子 与about搭配 be crazy about对……着迷 be excited about对……感到兴奋 be worried about担忧…… be serious about对……认真 与at搭配 be angry at对……生气 be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be mad at对……感到愤怒 be amazed at惊讶…… 与for搭配 be bad for对……有坏处 be famous/known for因……而著名 be late for迟到 be good for对……有好处 be/get ready for为……做好准备 be well-known for因……而著名 与in搭配 be interested in对……感兴趣 be successful in在……方面成功 be different in在……方面不同 be weak in在……方面薄弱 与from搭配 be absent from缺席 be separated from和……分离 be far from远离 be different from与……不同 与of搭配 be short of短缺 be/get tired of对……感到厌倦 be afraid of害怕 be full of充满 be careful of对……小心 be proud of因……而自豪 与with搭配 be strict with对……要求严格 be good with善于应付…… be filled with充满…… be careful with小心…… be busy with忙于…… be angry with生……的气 与to搭配 be similar to与……相似 be thankful to sb.感激某人 be kind to对……和蔼 be friendly to对……友好 be useful to对……有用 be close to接近;靠近 be good to对……好 be harmful to对……有害 句型 含义 例句 it's+adj.(+for+sb.)+动词不定式或it is+adj.+that从句。 表示“做某事(对某人来说)怎么样”。常用形容词有kind (友善的)、nice (友好的)、polite (有礼貌的)、clever (聪明的)、careless (粗心的)等。 It is not easy for Jim to learn Chinese. 学汉语对吉姆来说不容易。 it's+adj.+of+sb.+动词不定式 表示“某人做某事怎么样”。 It's kind of you to help me. 你帮助我太好了。 主语+be+形容词+动词不定式 表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad (高兴的)、pleased (高兴的)、sorry (遗憾的；难过的)、sad (忧伤的)等后常接动词不定式。 I'm sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。 2、 副词的基本用法 一、副词的概念 ( 考点 一 副词的句法功能 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 )副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语乃至全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 成分 功能 例句 作状语 (1)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词 (2)修饰整个句子 They are warmly welcomed by the students.(修饰动词) 他们受到学生们的热烈欢迎。 He felt very surprised.(修饰形容词) 他感到非常地惊讶。 He is almost always late. 他几乎总是迟到。(修饰副词) Luckily,I didn't hurt myself when I fell.(修饰整个句子) 幸运的是，我跌倒时没伤着。 作定语 少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。 The people here are all very kind to me. 这儿的人都对我非常和善。 作表语 作表语的副词多数是表示方位、动作或状态的，如in、out、on、back、down、up、off、away、upstairs等。 I’m sorry,Dr Huang is out at the moment. 对不起，黄医生现在出去了。 作宾语补足语 作补足语主要说明宾语和主语所处的位置，状态等。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，医生远离我。 ( 考点 二 副词的 位置 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) 副词 副词的位置 例句 时间副词 可放于句首或句末，有时还可以放在动词前。 I'll be back soon. 我很快就回来。 地点副词 一般置于句末，往往紧跟在动词(+宾语)后，偶尔也可放于句首，尤其是here和 there。 They played games outdoors. 他们在户外玩游戏。 方式副词 主要放在动词(+宾语)后面；在表示特别强调时， 偶尔也可放在实义动词前面，第一个助动词后面。 I usually drive very carefully . 我通常开车十分小心。 程度副词 修饰形容词和副词时，应放在形容词和副词前面；修饰动词时，常常放在第一个助动词后，实义动词之前。 He studies English very hard. 他很努力地学习英语。 频度副词 常放在系动词be、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。 When he is free, he often helps at Helping Hands club. 当他有空的时候，他经常在帮助手俱乐部帮忙。 疑问副词、连接副词及关系副词 通常放在句子或从句的 最前面。 Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? ( 考点 三 副词的 分类 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) (1) 时间副词:ago, before, already, now, just, soon, then, yet, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, ever等。 (2)地点副词:here, there, in, out, back, home等。 (3)程度副词:very, much, only, quite, too, so, nearly, enough, hard, still等。 (4)疑问副词:when, where, how, why等。 (5)方式副词:quickly, slowly, carefully, loudly, strongly, badly, happily等。 ( 考点 四 形容词变副词的变化规则 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) 情况 构成 示例 一般情况 在形容的词尾加-ly quick→quickly 双音节、多音节，以y结尾 将y改为i再加-ly happy→happily heavy→heavily 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i，再加-ly angry→angrily生气地 happy→happily高兴地 以“辅音字母+e”结尾 直接加-ly wide→widely广泛地 polite有礼貌的→politely礼貌地 以“元音字母+e”结尾 去e加-ly true真正的→truly确实；真正 以“辅音字母+le”结尾 去e加y simple简单的→simply简单地 terrible糟糕的→terribly非常糟的 possible可能的→possibly可能地 以ll 结尾 直接加-y full满的；充满的→fully完全地；充分地 注意：有两种形式的副词的词义比较 形容词 副词(与形容词同形) 副词(形容词+-ly) hard努力地 hard努力地；猛烈地 hardly几乎不，常表示否定 high高的 high在高处 highly表示程度，很；非常 near近的 near表示距离近，在附近 nearly几乎 deep深的 deep指具体的深度，在深处 deeply抽象意义，常指感情的深度，深刻地；非常 late迟到的；晚的 late迟；晚 lately最近；不久前 wide宽阔的 wide充分地 widely广泛地 提示： 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly 慈母般的、lovely令人愉快的、lively 活泼的、friendly 友好的、lonely 孤独的。 例句：Susan is a friendly girl.苏珊是一个很友好的女孩。 例句：He looks very manly in his uniform.他穿着制服十分精神。 3、 形容词和副词的等级比较用法 ( 考点 一 形容词 和副词 的 原级比较 ) 用法 例句 肯定句中常用“as+形容词/形容词原级+as”的结构，表示“……(前者) 和……(后者)一样……”。 Jim is as tall as Mike. 吉姆和迈克一样高。 在否定句中，可用“not so/as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“…… (前者)不如……(后者)那样……”。 My handwriting is not so/as beautiful as yours. 我的字不如你的漂亮。 倍数表达用“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“……是……的几倍……”。 This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 ( 考点 一 形容词 和副词 的 比较级用法 ) （1）比较级结构 用法 例句 “比较级+than”结构表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 He made fewer mistakes than you(did). 他出的错比你少。 “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”, 多音节词和部分双音节词用于此结构时，要用“more and more+形容词/ 副词原级”。 My English is getting better and better. 我的英语越来越好了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家正变得越来越美丽了。 “The+比较级…，the+比较级…”表示“越……, 就越 ……”。 The harder you study,the more you know. 你学习越努力，你知道得就越多。 The more carefully you do,the better you will do. 你做得越认真，做得就会越好。 “the比较级，the+比较级”表示一方的程度随着另一方程度的变化而变化，意为“越……,(就)越……”。 The more difficult the problem is, the more careful we should be. 问题越难，我们就应该越仔细。 “Which/Who...+谓语动词+比较级，A or B?”表示“A和B哪一个/谁更……?”。 Which kind of computers is better, desktops or laptops? 哪种电脑更台式电脑还是笔记本电脑? “A…+倍数+比较级+than+B” 表示“A是B的几倍……”。 This room is three times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大三倍。 “A...+the+比较级+of the two(+可数名词复数)”表示“……是两者中较/更……的那个”。 Mary is the taller of the two children in our family. 玛丽是我们家两个孩子中较高的一个。 “not +比较级+than”意为“不如……更……”，表示前者不如后者。 Tom is not taller than me. 汤姆不如我高。 “no+比较级+than”表示“与 ……一样不……”。 Amy is no taller than me. 汤姆艾米和我一样不高。 （2）形容词比较级的变化规则 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词末尾加-er, -est small fast quick smaller faster quicker smallest fastest quickest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r,-st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加-er,-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加-er,-est red big thin redder bigger thinner reddest biggest thinnest 部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more, most interesting important more interesting more important most interesting most important 温馨提示： 有些形容词没有程度之分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因而没有比较级和最高级。 如：perfect 完美的、right 正确的、wrong错误的、excellent极好的、final最后的、east东方的、wooden木制的。 (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good 好的 better 更好的 best 最好的 bad 坏的；糟的 worse 更糟的 worst 最差的 little 小的；一点儿 less 更少的 least 最少的 much/many 许多 more 更多的 most 最多的 far 远的 farther/further 更远的 farthest/furthest 最远的 old 年老的 older/elder 年级较长的 oldest/eldest 年龄最大的 ( 考点 三 形容词 和副词 的 最高级用法 ) 用法 含义 例句 the+最高级+ of / in ... 表示“三者及三者以上中程度最高的”。 This TV is the least expensive of all. 这台电视是所有电视机里最便宜的。 one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 表示“……中最……之一”。 Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数 表示“第几最……”。 This is the second biggest museum in my hometown. 这是我家乡的第二大博物馆。 Which/Who+be /动词+ (the)+最高级? 表示“哪一个/谁最……”。 Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪个城市是最美丽的，北京，上海还是福州？ 注意：副词最高级前的定冠词the可省略。 例如:Tom studies (the) hardest in our class. 汤姆在我们班学习最努力。 ( 考点 四 比较级表示最高级含义 ) 用法 示例 比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数+比较范围 Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain. 珠穆朗玛峰是最高的山峰。 比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数+比较范围 My son is taller than any of the other students in his class. 我儿子在他班级里是个子最高的。 比较级+than+anything/anyone else(+比较范围) More than anything else,Jack wanted to become a teacher. 杰克最想成为一名教师。 比较级+than +all the other +可数名词复数(+比较范围) Time is more valuable than all the other things. 时间比其他任何东西都宝贵。 比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数+比较范围 My sister is younger than the other kids at her class. 我妹妹比她班里的其他孩子都小。 否定词+比较级(+than+比较范围) I have never seen a more excellent movie than this one. 我从未看过比这更精彩的电影。 ( 考点 五 比较级和最高级的修饰语 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) 类别 修饰语 比较级 even甚至 much更 still更；还要 a bit/a little有点 a lot很 far更 by far非常 rather相当 最高级 nearly几乎 much很 almost 几乎 (by) fay大大地；……得多 1．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______ than any one of us. A．more excited B．more exciting C．the most excited D．the most exciting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当看到神舟十八号载人飞船飞向天空时，我父亲比我们任何人都兴奋。 考查形容词辨析和比较级。more excited更兴奋的；more exciting更令人兴奋的；the most excited最兴奋的；the most exciting最令人兴奋的。根据“than”可知，应用比较级；再根据“my father”可知，形容词人的感受要用-ed结尾的形容词，即excited符合题意。故选A。 2．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Can you teach me how to improve spoken English? —The more you practice, ______ it becomes. A．the worse B．the worst C．the better D．the best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能教我如何提高英语口语吗？——你练习得越多，口语就越好。 考查比较级。worse更差的；worst最差的；better更好的；best最好的。练习得越多，英语口语就会越好。此处是“The+比较级, the+比较级”句式，意为“越……，就越……”。故选C。 3．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In the exam, the _________ you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. A．careful B．carefully C．more carefully D．more careful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在考试中，你越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。 考查形容词比较级。careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词。此空作are的表语，应用形容词。the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越……”，故选D。 4．（2025·云南·模拟预测）Lijiang Old Town is considered one of ________ ancient towns in Yunnan. A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 【答案】D 【详解】句意：丽江古城被认为是云南最古老的城镇之一。 考查形容词最高级。one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）Before visiting the museum, our guide reminds us to behave ________ in public. A．wise B．wisely C．proper D．properly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在参观博物馆之前，我们的导游提醒我们在公共场合要举止得体。 考查副词辨析。wise明智的，形容词；wisely明智地，副词；proper适当的，形容词；properly适当地，副词。根据“our guide reminds us to behave ...in public”可知，此处提醒我们要举止得体，修饰动词behave，应用副词properly“适当地”。故选D。 6．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）Jack is crazy about sports. He ________ takes part in the school sports meeting. A．never B．seldom C．sometimes D．always 【答案】D 【详解】句意：杰克酷爱运动。他总是参加学校运动会。 考查副词辨析。never从不；seldom很少；sometimes有时；always总是。根据“Jack is crazy about sports. He...takes part in the school sports meeting.”可知他喜欢运动，所以总是参加学校运动会。故选D。 7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Today AI technology is developing ________ we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow. A．much faster than B．as fast as C．more slowly than D．as slowly as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天，人工智能技术的发展速度比我们想象的要快得多。没有人知道明天会发生什么。 考查比较级。much faster than比……快得多；as fast as和……一样快；more slowly than比……慢得多；as slowly as和……一样慢。根据“Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow.”可知，没有人知道明天会发生什么，说明现在人工智能的发展速度非常快，比我们想象的要快得多。故选A。 8．（2025·云南昆明·二模）The traditional festivals of Yunnan’s ethnic minorities (少数民族) are as ________ as colorful paintings. A．lively B．more lively C．the more lively D．the most lively 【答案】A 【详解】句意：云南少数民族的传统节日像多彩的绘画一样生动。 考查形容词原级。as...as“和……一样……”，中间用形容词的原级，A选项符合，故选A。 9．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）Their love is ________ honey. The longer they keep it, the sweeter it will be. A．as soon as B．as well as C．as good as D．as long as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们的爱像蜂蜜一样。保存得越久，就会越甜。    考查短语辨析。as soon as 一……就……，引导时间状语从句；  as well as也；和……一样好；as good as和……一样好；as long as只要。根据“The longer they keep it, the sweeter it will be.”的比喻逻辑，此处需表达“像蜂蜜一样”的类比关系，as good as最贴合句意，故选C。 10.（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Our monitor is ________. He always spends a lot of time helping with our class projects. A．generous B．humorous C．nervous D．curious 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的班长很慷慨。他总是花很多时间帮助我们做课堂项目。 考查形容词辨析。generous慷慨的，大方的；humorous幽默的；nervous紧张的；curious好奇的。根据“He always spends a lot of time helping with our class projects.”可知，班长花很多时间帮助同学们做项目，故他是慷慨的。故选A。 11.（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The road is very ________ after the heavy rain. Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents. A．empty B．dangerous C．beautiful D．dirty 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大雨过后，这条路很危险。司机被警告要小心驾驶，以免发生事故。 考查形容词辨析。empty空的；dangerous危险的；beautiful美丽的；dirty脏的。根据“Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents.”可知，司机要小心驾驶，所以是危险的，故选B。 12.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Huangmei Opera is ________ thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province. Don’t miss it during your stay there. A．hardly B．widely C．suddenly D．badly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：黄梅戏被广泛认为是安徽省的象征之一。在那里逗留期间不要错过它。 考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；widely广泛地；suddenly突然；badly严重地。根据“Huangmei Opera is…thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province.”可知，此处是指黄梅戏被广泛认为是安徽省的象征之一。故选B。 14.（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）UNICEF helps build a better world for everyone, _________ children all over the world. A．probably B．luckily C．especially D．closely 【答案】C 【详解】句意：联合国儿童基金会帮助为每个人，特别是全世界的儿童，建设一个更美好的世界。 考查副词辨析。probably可能；luckily幸运地；especially尤其；closely紧密地。根据“children all over the world.”可知此处强调全世界的儿童，especially符合。故选C。 15.（2025·上海闵行·三模）The novel attracts the teenagers a lot and keeps them ________ for days. A．excited B．exciting C．excite D．excitement 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部小说吸引了很多青少年，让他们兴奋了好几天。 考查词义辨析和形容词作宾语补足语。excited形容词，兴奋的；exciting形容词，令人兴奋的；excite动词，使兴奋；excitement名词，兴奋。keep sb+adj“使某人……”，此处修饰人，用形容词excited作宾语补足语。故选A。 16．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）If I’m going ________ for the first time, I’ll go online and google it. A．somewhere B．everywhere C．anywhere D．nowhere 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我是第一次去某个地方，我会上网谷歌搜索一下。 考查地点副词辨析。somewhere某地；everywhere到处；anywhere任何地方；nowhere没有地方。根据“for the first time”可知是第一次去某个地方。故选A。 17．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）You can ________ win the game if you don’t try your best. A．quickly B．certainly C．hardly D．really 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你不尽力的话，你很难赢得这场比赛。 考查副词辨析。quickly快速地；certainly当然；hardly几乎不；really真正。根据“if you don’t try your best.”可知，如果不全力以赴，就几乎不能赢得比赛。故选C。 18．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Science and technology are developing ________ in our country. A．directly B．quickly C．seriously D．silently 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我国的科学技术发展很快。 考查副词辨析。directly直接地；quickly快速地；seriously严肃地；silently沉默地。根据“Science and technology are developing”可知，此处是指是科学技术的发展很快，故选B。 19.（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）I thought I did badly in the exam. ________, I got a 60 and passed. Hooray! A．Maybe B．Instead C．Almost D．However 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我以为我考得不好。然而，我得了60分，通过了考试。万岁！ 考查副词辨析。Maybe也许；Instead反而；Almost几乎；However然而。分析“I thought I did badly in the exam. ..., I got a 60 and passed.”可知，前后句意转折，用However连接，故选D。 20. Tom studies ________. He ________ spends time playing computer games. A．hard; hard B．hardly; hardly C．hard; hardly D．hardly; hard 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Tom学习很努力，他几乎不花时间玩电脑游戏。 考查副词辨析。hard努力地；hardly几乎不。根据“Tom studies...”可知，第一个空描述他学习努力，需副词hard修饰动词studies；根据“Tom studies... He...spends time playing computer games.”可知，他学习努力，几乎不玩电脑游戏。故选C。 原因状语从句 原因状语从句 ：在句中表示原因、理由的从句叫原因状语从句。 1 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, since, as。 2 表示语气的强弱顺序是：because﹥since﹥as。 3 这些连词都不能和so连用。 4 当原因状语从句放于句首时，通常要用逗号与主句隔开。 ①引导词because 1.because强调明确直接的因果关系，回答“why”问题 She didn’t come to school because she was ill. 她没来上学是因为病了。 — Why was he angry? 他为什么生气？ — Because I was late. 因为我迟到了。 2. because从句可与for互换，但for是并列连词，连接的是并列句，并且在for前必须有逗号隔开。如： We must start early because it will take us 3 hours to drive there. 我们要早点出发，因为开车去那儿要3个小时。 = We must start early, for it will take us 3 hours to drive there. ②．引导词since 1. since表示明摆着的理由或原因，常译为“既然” Since you have finished your homework, you can take a rest. 既然你已完成了作业，那就休息一下吧。 2. since还可引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来” We’ve known each other since we were children. 我们从孩提时代起就相识了。 ③．引导词as 1 as语气最弱，表示附带说明的原因 2 as还可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”、“随着……”。如： He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。 We get wiser as we get old. 随着年龄的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。 ④because与 because of的区别 because和because of的意思都是“因为；由于”。 但because 是连词，其后接句子。because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。 She doesn’t go to school because she is ill. = She doesn’t go to school because of her illness. 她没来上学因为她生病了。 1.（2025·上海·模拟预测）I’m going to visit Disneyland ________ I like Mickey Mouse. A．so B．because C．but D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我要去迪士尼乐园，因为我喜欢米老鼠。   考查连词辨析。so所以；because因为；but但是；though尽管。“I like Mickey Mouse”是“I’m going to visit Disneyland”的原因，because符合语境。故选B。 2.（2025·江苏·二模）It’s important to keep learning about new technology ______ the world changes so fast. A．so B．or C．since D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：因为世界变化如此之快，所以持续学习新技术很重要。 考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；since因为；unless除非。根据“It’s important to keep learning about new technology...the world changes so fast.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前果后因，应用since引导原因状语从句。故选C。 3.（2025·安徽淮南·一模）Nowadays museums are becoming more popular ________ people want to learn more about culture and history. A．until B．unless C．as D．although 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，博物馆变得越来越受欢迎，因为人们想了解更多的文化和历史。 考查连词辨析。until直到；unless除非；as因为；although虽然。根据“people want to learn more about culture and history.”可知，设空处后解释了原因，as符合语境。故选C。 过去进行时 ( 考点 一 过去进行时的用法 ) 1.过去进行时表示过去某一个时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作.通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.then, at this/that time, yesterday, at nine, last night等 At 8:00 o'clock yesterday evening I was having dinner with some friends. 昨天晚上八点,我在和几位朋友一起吃饭. The doorbell rang while my mother was cooking the dinner.在妈妈做饭时,门铃响了. Mary fell asleep while she was watching TV.玛丽看着电视睡着了. My son was learning English in Australia last autumn.去年秋天我儿子在澳大利亚学习英语. I was reading an interesting book last month.上个月我在看一本有趣的书. 2.表示移动的动词.如:come, start, stay, leave, fly等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作 He was leaving the following day.他第二天将要离开. She asked when I was starting.她问我何时动身. 3.过去进行时动词常与always, forever, continually, constantly, frequently等副词连用,代替一般过去时,强调过去经常性或习惯性动作,表现出说话人的赞美、厌烦等情绪 He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨这怨那. He was constantly asking questions.他老是没完没了地提问题. 4.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个动作用一般过去时.若表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时发生,则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时 What was Jim doing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候吉姆在做什么? He read a piece of newspaper while he was waiting for the bus.他一边等车,一边看报. The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业. 注意： (1)静态动词如be, have, seem, depend on(依靠)等一般不能用于进行时态. (2)表示知觉、认识或情感的动词如see, hear, believe, know, like, love, want, wish等一般也没有进行时态. ( 考点 二 过去进行时的句型 ) 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词-ing形式+其他. Alice was sitting with her classmates by the river. 爱丽丝正和她的同学坐在河边。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+动词-ing形式+其他. Alice was not/wasn’t sitting with her classmates by the river. 爱丽丝没有和她的同学们坐在河边。 一般疑问句 —Was/Were+主语+动词-ing形式+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+was/were not. —Was Alice sitting with her classmates by the river? 爱丽丝正和她的同学们坐在河边吗？ —Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.是的，她和同学坐在河边。 /不，她没有和同学坐在河边。 ( 考点 三 过去进行时时间标志词 ) 时间标志词 then (指过去)当时,那时 at that time 当时 this time yesterday 昨天这个时候 at ten yesterday 昨天十点 last night 昨晚 ( 考点 四 When和while用法辨析 ) when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,且从而多用一般过去时;而while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的,且从句多用过去进行时。 When she came in, her mother was cooking.她进来时，她的妈妈正在做饭。 While I was reading, she sang.我看书的时候,她唱歌。 They were playing soccer on the playground ________ the storm came. A．as soon as B．as long as C．when D．while 【答案】C 【详解】句意：暴风雨来临时，他们正在操场上踢足球。 考查时间状语从句。as soon as一……就……；as long as只要；when当……时，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，when引导的从句谓语动词是短暂性或延续性动词；while与……同时，表示两个动作同时进行，while引导的从句，谓语动词是延续性动词。根据题干从句 “ the storm came.”可知谓语动词是短暂性动词，结合句意，所以用when。故选C。 ( 考点 五 一般过去时与过去进行时的 区别 ) 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;而过去进行时则表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作. Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她朋友写了封信.(信已写完) Mary was writing a letter to her friend at 8:00 o'clock last night. 昨晚八点钟玛丽在给她的朋友写信.(信不一定写完,只说明了动作的延续) It was raining this time yesterday.昨天这个时间在下雨.(动作延续) It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨.(动作完成) 1．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower when you called. A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：嗨，约翰！有什么事吗？你打电话的时候我正在洗澡。 考查过去进行时。根据“I...a shower when you called.”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 2．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——海伦，昨天下午五点我没看见你在教室里。——噢，那时我正在为毕业典礼练习唱歌。 考查过去进行时。根据“at five yesterday afternoon”和“at that time”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。 3.（2025·江苏无锡·三模）The boys were playing football on the playground ________ the rainstorm came. A．when B．while C．until D．after 【答案】A 【详解】句意：暴风雨来临时，男孩们正在操场上踢足球。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；while在……期间；until直到；after在……之后。主句“The boys were playing football”表示持续进行的动作，而从句“the rainstorm came”描述的是瞬间发生的动作，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选A。 4.（2025·天津·一模）Daming was listening to music while he ________ his bike. A．rides B．rode C．will ride D．was riding 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大明一边听音乐，一边骑着自行车。 考查动词时态。根据“Daming was listening to music while...”可知，while引导状语从句，可强调两个动作同时发生，主句用了过去进行时，故从句需过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing，he为第三人称单数，需was，故选D。 5. He ________ in Italy when he ________ the accident. A．travelled; had B．was travelling; had C．was travelling; was having D．travelled; was having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当他发生事故的时候他正在意大利旅游。 考查时态。由“He…in Italy when he…the accident.”可知，句子是由when引导的时间状语从句，表示发生事故的时候正在旅游，主句应用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时。故选B。 6.While we ________ the picnic, it ________ to rain. A．are having; started B．have; is starting C．were having; started D．were having; was starting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们在野餐时，下雨了。 考查动词时态。此处是while引导的时间状语从句，一般用来表示在过去某一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在发生，结合“start”可知此处的从句应过去进行时，主句用一般过去时，故选C。 一、单项选择 1.（2025·西藏·模拟预测）The old man lives ________, so he may feel ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位老人独自生活，因此他可能感到孤独。 考查词义辨析。alone独自；lonely孤独的。空一处表示独自生活，用副词alone，修饰动词lives；空二处表示感到孤独，用lonely，作表语。故选A。 2.We’re tired. Let’s have a _________ rest. A．ten minutes B．ten-minute C．ten-minutes D．ten minute’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们累了，让我们休息十分钟。 考查复合形容词的用法。ten minutes十分钟；ten-minute十分钟的；ten-minutes错误形式；ten minute’s所有格形式错误。根据“Let’s have a … rest”可推知，空格处需填入一个形容词性成分修饰“rest”，而“ten-minute”作为形容词，中间用连字符连接，并且单位名词用单数形式，是符合语法规则的复合形容词形式。故选B。 3. —Is your sister ill? —Don’t worry. It’s _______, only a little cold. A．serious anything B．nothing serious C．serious nothing D．anything serious 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的妹妹生病了吗？——不用担心。不严重，只是有一点感冒。 考查代词辨析和定语后置。nothing什么都没有；anything任何事；serious严重的，形容词。根据语境，此处表示不严重，只是有一点感冒，nothing符合语境；形容词修饰不定代词，置于代词之后。故选B。 4.The new science book is not as ________ as the old one. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．more interesting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本新的科学书不如那本旧的有趣。 考查形容词辨析和“as+形容词原形+as”用法。interesting有趣的，形容词，常用来形容事物；interest兴趣、爱好、使感兴趣，可作名词或动词；interested感兴趣的，形容词，通常用来形容人；more interesting更有趣的，比较级。根据“The new science book is not as...as the old one.”可知，句中“not as...as”表示“不如……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级，句中说的是“book”，是物，所以用“interesting”来形容。故选A。 5.In the mid-term exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make. A．careful; little B．more careful; less C．careful; few D．more careful; fewer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在期中考试中，你越细心，犯的错误就越少。 考查比较级的用法。careful仔细的；more careful更仔细的；little少的；less更少的；few几乎没有；fewer更少的。根据“the…you are, the…mistakes you’ll make.”可知，此处用“the+比较级…the+比较级”，意为 “越……就越……”；根据“the…mistakes you’ll make.”可知，little修饰不可数名词，则应用fewer修饰可数名词复数mistakes。故选D。 6.The _________ you are, the _________ mistakes you will make. A．careful; few B．more careful; less C．more careful; fewer D．careful; less. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。 考查形容词比较级。careful仔细的；more careful更仔细的；few少的，修饰可数名词；fewer更少的，修饰可数名词；less更少的。根据“The...you are, the...mistakes you will make.”可知，the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越……，越……”，排除A和D。结合“...mistakes you will make.”可知，修饰可数名词应用fewer。故选C。 7.We were playing basketball in the park ______ suddenly the storm started. A．when B．while C．until D．before 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们正在公园里打篮球，突然下起了暴风雨。 考查连词辨析。when当……时，可修饰短暂性或延续性动词；while当……时，更侧重于表示两个动作或事件同时发生，可修饰延续性动词，常用于进行时态；until直到……；before在……之前。根据“suddenly the storm started.”可知，该句表述暴风雨来临时“我们”正在做的事情，且started为短暂性动词，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选A。 8.Both of my parents can cook fish very well. But my mother cooks ________ than my father. A．successfully B．much successfully C．the most successfully D．more successfully 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我父母两个人做鱼都很好吃。但我妈妈做的要比我爸爸更成功一些。 考查比较级。successfully成功地，副词原形；much successfully表达错误；the most successfully最成功地，副词最高级；more successfully成功地，副词比较级。根据“than”可知，空处应用副词的比较级，successfully的比较级是more successfully。故选D。 9.If overweight people eat ________ and take more exercise, they will soon feel ________ healthier. A．less; more B．less; much C．more; more D．more; less 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果超重的人少吃多锻炼，他们很快会感觉更健康。 考查副词和比较级的修饰词。less更少；more更多，更加；much更，修饰形容词比较级。根据“overweight people eat ... and take more exercise”和“ they will soon feel ...healthier”及常识可知，超重的人要少吃多运动，才会更健康，修饰比较级healthier，用much，故选B。 10.（2024·四川·中考真题）—Why are you late for class? —________ my alarm clock didn’t go off this morning. A．So B．Because C．However D．Unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么上课迟到？——因为我的闹钟今天早上没有响。 考查连词辨析。so所以；because因为；however然而；unless除非。根据“Why are you late for class?”可知此处回答原因，用because。故选B。 11.（2025·江苏无锡·二模）—I really like this year’s Spring Festival Gala. What about you? —Me too. It’s ______ one I have ever seen. A．a more boring B．a more wonderful C．the most boring D．the most wonderful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我真的很喜欢今年的春晚。那你呢？——我也是。这是我见过的最棒的一个。 考查形容词辨析和最高级。a more boring一个更无聊的；a more wonderful一个更好的；the most boring最无聊的；the most wonderful最好的。根据“I really like this year’s Spring Festival Gala. What about you?”以及“Me too”可知觉得春晚很好；再根据“I have ever seen”可知是自己见过的最好的一个春晚，故此处用最高级。故选D。 12.—Shall we keep the windows ________? —Sure, to let clean air in. But when we leave the classroom, they must be ________. A．opened; closed B．closed; open C．open; closed D．close; opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们把窗户开着好吗？——当然，让干净的空气进来。但是当我们离开教室时，它们必须关上。 考查形容词和动词的用法以及词义辨析。opened打开，是动词open的过去式或过去分词；closed关闭，是动词close的过去式或过去分词，也可作形容词，意为“关着的”；open开着的，是形容词，也可作动词，意为“打开”；close关闭，是动词。第一空，keep sth. + 形容词，表示“让某物保持某种状态”，根据“to let clean air in”可知，此处是问“我们把窗户开着好吗”，所以第一空用形容词open；第二空，be动词后接形容词作表语，根据“But when we leave the classroom”可知，此处是指“当我们离开教室时，它们必须关上”，所以第二空用形容词closed。故选C。 12.（2025·安徽芜湖·一模）— The road up to the top of the mountain is still closed till the snow weather is over. — It’s necessary, ________ it’s dangerous to go up the mountain in the snowy weather. A．if B．whether C．as D．although 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——通往山顶的道路仍然关闭，直到下雪天气结束。——这是必要的，因为下雪天上山很危险。 考查连词辨析。if如果；whether是否；as因为；although虽然。横线前“It’s necessary”是对上面对话的肯定，即下雪天关闭上山的路是很有必要的，横线后所述“it’s dangerous to go up the mountain in the snowy weather.”是关闭道路的原因，因为雪天上山很危险。故选C。 13.（2025·上海·模拟预测）You should go to the clinic right now ________ you don’t feel quite well. A．though B．since C．unless D．until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该马上去诊所，因为你感觉不太舒服。 考查连词辨析。though虽然 ；since因为；unless除非；until直到。根据“you don’t feel quite well.”可知，后文解释了原因，since符合语境。故选B。 14.（2025·云南昭通·二模）When I called Li Ming, he ________ a speech about solar energy in the hall. A．prepares B．is preparing C．was preparing D．has prepared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我给李明打电话时，他正在大厅里准备关于太阳能的演讲。 考查时态。根据“When I called Li Ming”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时（was/were doing）。故选C。 15.（2025·云南·模拟预测）When I arrived, my little sister ________ happily in the garden. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．was playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我到达时，我的小妹妹正在花园里玩得很开心。 考查动词时态。根据“When I arrived, my little sister…”可知，该句描述过去某一时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”。故选D。 16.（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? —I ________ bicycle with my sister. A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——蒂姆，我打电话给你的时候你在做什么？——我正在和姐姐修理自行车。 考查动词时态及动词短语。cut up切碎；make up编造；pick up捡起；fix up修理。根据“what were you doing when I called you?”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing。结合“bicycle”可知，此处指修理自行车。故选D。 17.（2024·天津·中考真题）The teacher speaks ________ and carefully so that we can understand her better. A．hardly B．only C．slowly D．nearly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师说得慢而仔细，以便我们能更好地理解她的话。 考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；only只；slowly缓慢地；nearly几乎。根据“The teacher speaks ... and carefully so that we can understand her better.”可知，为了我们能更好地理解，老师说得慢而仔细，故选C。 18.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Huangmei Opera is ________ thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province. Don’t miss it during your stay there. A．hardly B．widely C．suddenly D．badly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：黄梅戏被广泛认为是安徽省的象征之一。在那里逗留期间不要错过它。 考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；widely广泛地；suddenly突然；badly严重地。根据“Huangmei Opera is…thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province.”可知，此处是指黄梅戏被广泛认为是安徽省的象征之一。故选B。 19.（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Ailly, what do you think of these Chinese paintings? —_______! They show perfect skills of painting. A．Common B．Important C．Wonderful D．Expensive 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——艾莉，你觉得这些中国画怎么样？——很棒！它们表现出完美的绘画技巧。 考查形容词辨析。Common普通的；Important重要的；Wonderful极好的；Expensive昂贵的。根据“They show perfect skills of painting.”可知，它们表现出完美的绘画技巧，所以很棒，故选C。 20.（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Simon is ________. He believes he can win the first prize in the speaking competition. A．generous B．curious C．confident D．modest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：西蒙很自信。他相信自己能在演讲比赛中赢得第一名。 考查形容词辨析。generous慷慨的；curious好奇的；confident自信的；modest谦虚的。根据句子中的“He believes he can win the first prize”可知，西蒙对自己有信心，故选C。 21.（2025·上海·模拟预测）Mt. Qomolangma is the ________ mountain in the world. A．deepest B．longest C．highest D．tallest 【答案】C 【详解】 句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山脉。    考查形容词辨析。deepest最深的；longest最长的；highest最高的（形容海拔高度，尤指山脉、山峰等；tallest最高的（通常形容人、建筑物、树木等事物的高度）。根据常识，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上海拔最高的山峰，修饰“山脉”的高度应用 highest。故选C。 22.（2025·山东东营·一模）—The discussion about AI in our class was really heated (激烈的). —I know! AI technology is developing so fast. Many companies ________ started using AI to improve their services. A．seldom B．hardly C．never D．recently 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们班关于人工智能的讨论真的很激烈。——我知道！人工智能技术发展得太快了。许多公司最近开始使用人工智能来提升他们的服务。 考查副词辨析。seldom很少；hardly几乎不；never从不；recently最近。根据“AI technology is developing so fast.”可知，因为人工智能技术发展快，所以许多公司是最近才开始使用人工智能来提升服务，故选D。 23.（2025·江苏淮安·一模）My father ________ drives his car to work. He says everyone should do something for greener city. A．often B．always C．seldom D．sometimes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父亲很少开车去上班。他说每个人都应该为绿色城市做点什么。 考查频度副词辨析。often经常；always总是；seldom极少；sometimes有时。根据“He says everyone should do something for greener city.”可知我父亲想绿色出行，由此推出很少开车。故选C。 24.（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）—Peter has worked for our community as a volunteer for ________ ten years. —What a nice person he is! A．really B．nearly C．slowly D．hardly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——彼得作为志愿者在我们社区工作了将近十年。——他真是个好人！ 考查副词辨析。really真正地；nearly将近，几乎；slowly缓慢地；hardly几乎不。根据“ten years”可知，此处说的是将近十年。故选B。 25.（2025·天津·二模）Football is ________ than baseball in many countries. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．a little popular 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在许多国家，足球比棒球更受欢迎。 考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，此处需用形容词比较级，popular的比较级为more popular，故选B。 26.（2025·甘肃定西·二模）According to the survey, going to bed early is as ________ as eating vegetables every day. We’d better go to bed before 10:30 p.m. A．more important B．important C．less important D．the most important 【答案】B 【详解】句意：根据调查，早睡和每天吃蔬菜一样重要。我们最好在晚上10:30之前睡觉。 考查as...as用法。more important更重要的；important重要的，形容词原级；less important不太重要的；the most important最重要的。“as...as”结构要求中间使用形容词原级，表示“和……一样……”。故选B。 27.（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）How amazing! Human workers pick tea fast. Those tea-picking robots work even ________. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：太神奇了！人类工人采摘茶叶的速度很快。那些采茶机器人工作得更快。 考查副词比较级。程度副词even在此处修饰副词比较级，fast的比较级是faster“更快地”。故选B。 28.（2025·甘肃定西·一模）The ________ boy can write a lot of words. A．five-year-old B．five years old C．five year old D．five-years-old 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个五岁的男孩能写很多单词。 考查复合形容词。five-year-old五岁的；five years old五岁了；five year old表达错误；five-years-old表达错误。根据“The … boy”可知，这里应用形容词作定语，修饰名词“boy”；复合形容词由“基数词-可数名词单数-形容词”构成，即“five-year-old”。故选A。 29.（2025·西藏日喀则·一模）As ________ ancient man-made object, the Great Wall is one of ________ most amazing wonders in the world. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; a D．a: an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为一项古老的人造建筑，长城是世界上最令人惊叹的奇迹之一。 考查冠词辨析。an一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的词前；the表示特指，定冠词；a一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头词前。根据“As…ancient man-made object”可知，此处是泛指，表示 “一个”，且ancient以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an；“most amazing”是形容词最高级，前面需加定冠词the。故选A。 30.The number of people at the concert was ________ than expected. There were many tickets left. A．many more B．much more C．much larger D．much smaller 【答案】D 【详解】句意：出席音乐会的人数比预期的要少得多。还有很多票。 考查比较级修饰词及形容词比较级。much可修饰形容词或副词的比较级，排除A，much more多的多； much larger大的多； much smaller小的多。根据下文“There are many tickets left.”可知上文是说“人数比预期的要少的多。” The number of…表示“……的数目”，这里用large和small修饰，排除B；这里是“少的多”，排除C。故选D。 31.（2025·四川雅安·模拟预测）Vegetables are _________ more important than junk food. A．so B．very C．much D．quite 【答案】C 【详解】句意：蔬菜比垃圾食品重要得多。 考查副词辨析。so如此；very非常；much非常；quite相当。空格后为比较级“more important”，需用修饰比较级的副词，只有“much”可加强比较级程度。故选C。 32.（2025·上海闵行·三模）________ the patient gets treatment, the better his chance is. A．Early B．Earlier C．The earlier D．The earliest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：患者越早接受治疗，机会就越大。 考查the+比较级，the+比较级。Early早，原级；Earlier更早，比较级；The earlier越早，the+比较级；The earliest最早，最高级。根据“...the patient gets treatment, the better his chance is.”可知，为“the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓”，表示“越……，就越……”。故选C。 33.（2025·吉林长春·二模）I prefer science to Russian. I think Russian is ________ than science. A．much useful B．less useful C．more useful D．more usefully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：比起俄语，我更喜欢科学。我认为俄语不如科学有用。 考查形容词比较级。much useful错误表达；less useful没那么有用；more useful更有用；more usefully更有用， 副词。根据“I prefer science to Russian.”可知，应表达俄语没有科学有用。故选B。 34.（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—The air pollution is getting ________. What can we do to stop it? —I think we can ride our bicycles to school more. A．worse B．worst C．better D．best 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——空气污染越来越严重了。我们能做些什么来阻止它？——我认为我们可以多骑自行车上学。 考查形容词比较级。worse更糟的；worst最糟的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“stop it”可知污染在恶化，用worse符合语境。故选A。 35.（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Qomolangma is _________ mountain in the world. A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。 考查形容词最高级。根据“in the world.”可知，此处要用最高级，最高级前要加定冠词the。故选D。 36.（2025·陕西西安·二模）Ne Zha 2 is so ________ that people of all ages are ________ in it. A．interested; interesting B．interesting; interesting C．interesting; interested D．interested; interested 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《哪吒2》是如此有趣，以至于各个年龄段的人都对其感兴趣。 考查形容词辨析。interested (人) 对……感兴趣，主语指人；interesting有趣的，主语是物。第一个空的主语是Ne Zha 2，指这部电影，用interesting；第二空主语是people，指人，用interested。故选C。 37.（2024·陕西西安·二模）_________ we do our homework, _________ mistakes we will make. A．The more careful; the less B．The more careful; the fewer C．The more carefully; the less D．The more carefully; the fewer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们越认真地做作业，犯的错误就越少。 考查副词修饰动词和形容词辨析。careful认真的，形容词；carefully认真地，副词；less更少的，修饰不可数名词；fewer修饰复数名词。第一个空格修饰动词短语do our homework，所以应用副词的比较级more carefully，排除A、B项；第二个空格修饰可数名词mistakes，应用few的比较级fewer，排除C项。故选D。 38. People in different countries do things ________. A．different B．differently C．difference D．differ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不同国家的人做事方式不同。 考查副词用法。different不同的，形容词；differently不同地，副词；difference不同，名词；differ不同于，动词。根据句意和动词“do things”可知需填副词来修饰动词，“differently”符合题意。故选B。 39.（2025·上海青浦·一模）Being ________ means taking ownership of your mistakes and learning from them. A．response B．responsible C．responsibly D．responsibility 【答案】B 【详解】句意：负责任意味着对自己的错误承担责任，并从中吸取教训。 考查形容词用法。response反应，反响，名词；responsible负责的，形容词；responsibly认真负责地，副词；responsibility责任，名词。根据空前系动词“Being”可知，此处应用形容词responsible作表语，意为“负责任”。故选B。 40.（2025·上海闵行·一模）Because of the terrible accident, the girl didn’t feel ________ at all on her own. A．safe B．safely C．safety D．save 【答案】A 【详解】句意：因为那次可怕的事故，这个女孩觉得自己一点也不安全。 考查形容词用法。safe安全的，形容词；safely安全地，副词；safety安全，名词； save节约，动词。feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语。故选A。 2、 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）The Shenzhou-14 spaceship (success) landed after finishing a 6-month task. 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：神舟14号宇宙飞船在完成6个月的任务后成功着陆。success“成功”，名词；分析句子可知，此处应用副词successfully“成功地”修饰动词“landed”。故填successfully。 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）After three months of training, I could sing much (beautiful). 【答案】more beautifully 【详解】句意：经过三个月的训练，我唱得更好听了。根据句子结构和语境可知，空格处需要填入副词的比较级形式修饰动词。beautiful的副词形式是beautifully，其比较级是more beautifully。故填more beautifully。 3．（2023·上海·中考真题）It was snowing , yet the couple still went to the concert. (heavy) 【答案】heavily 【详解】句意：雪下得很大，但这对夫妇还是去听音乐会了。此处修饰动词用副词heavily“密集地”。故填heavily。 4．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Learning is a lifelong journey. Learn (wise) and learn well. 【答案】wisely 【详解】句意：学习是一个终生的旅程。明智地学习，好好学习。wise “明智的”，形容词。此处修饰动词learn，应用其副词形式wisely。故填wisely。 5．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）Recently, Tianshui malatang is very popular. It’s (real) delicious. 【答案】really 【详解】句意：最近，天水麻辣烫很受欢迎。它真的很美味。real“真的”，形容词，此处应用其副词形式really，修饰形容词delicious。故填really。 6．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）Because of the heavy rain, my dad drove me home as (care) as he could that day. 【答案】carefully 【详解】句意：那天因为下大雨，我爸爸开车送我回家，尽可能小心。此处修饰动词drove用副词，as...as之间加副词的原级；根据“Because of the heavy rain”可知下雨时开车要小心，carefully“小心地”。故填carefully。 7.（2025·江苏淮安·二模）We hoped the weather could be better. However, it became even (bad) later. 【答案】worse 【详解】句意：我们原本希望天气能好转。然而，后来天气变得更糟了。根据“hoped the weather could be better”可知，原本期待天气好转，但后半句“However”表转折，说明实际情况向相反方向发展，结合空前“even”可知，此处是指“变得更糟”，所以这里应用bad的比较级worse，在句中作系动词“became”的表语。故填worse。 8.（2025·江苏南京·一模）Young people add some bright lights and loud music to make the dance show much (exciting). 【答案】more exciting 【详解】句意：年轻人加入了一些明亮的灯光和大声的音乐，使舞蹈表演更令人兴奋。根据“make the dance show much...”可知，此处考查make sth.+形容词，意为“使某物……”，故空格处应填形容词，且此处形容词修饰名词the dance，应用-ing形容词，即exciting；空格前much后接形容词比较级，exciting的比较级为more exciting。故填more exciting。 9.（2025·上海闵行·三模）Donating blood is one of the ways of saving lives. (easy) 【答案】easiest 【详解】句意：献血是拯救生命最简单的方法之一。此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，故填easiest。 10.（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）When Helen won a prize in the English competition, she believed she was the girl in the world. (happy) 【答案】happiest 【详解】句意：当海伦在英语比赛中获奖时，她相信自己是世界上最开心的女孩。happy“开心的”，形容词。此处是“the+最高级+比较范围（in the world）”，故此处用最高级happiest。故填happiest。 11．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Yesterday, we (work) out the problem with our teacher’s help. 【答案】worked 【详解】句意：昨天，我们在老师的帮助下解决了这个问题。根据“Yesterday”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式worked。故填worked。 12.（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Peter (have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang. 【答案】was having 【详解】句意：彼得昨天正在和他的父母吃晚饭，这时电话响了。根据“Peter...supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.”可知，强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故填was having。 13.（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Though I failed a lot times than I succeeded, I know how to fail well. (many) 【答案】more 【详解】句意：虽然我失败的次数比我成功的次数要多，但我知道如何很好地失败。many“很多”，由“than”可知，此处用其比较级。故填more。 14.（2025·甘肃兰州·一模） (lucky), we arrived at the station just after the last train left. 【答案】Unluckily 【详解】句意：不幸的是，最后一班火车刚开走，我们就到了车站。lucky“幸运的”，结合“we arrived at the station just after the last train left”可知，火车刚开走我们就到了车站，这是不幸的，空处修饰整个句子，应用副词，unluckily“不幸地”符合语境，首字母大写。故填Unluckily。 15.（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Actions speak (loud) than words. 【答案】louder 【详解】句意：事实胜于雄辩。由语境及中文提示及句中的than可知，此处指的是“更加响亮的”，是actions和words之间的比较，所以此处应该用比较级的形式，故填louder。 三、短文填空 （2025·辽宁铁岭·二模）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的适当形式。 With the development of China, there is more need for learning Chinese. As 1 result, many learners of Chinese start to use online apps. There are many online apps, such as wukong, DuChinese, HelloChinese, Duolingo and Chinesey: Learn Chinese 2 (easy). Today, Duolingo offers new courses for learning Chinese. Learners can learn more 3 Chinese culture, such as the Spring Festival, martial arts (武术), and Peking Opera. There is also cultural learning about daily life. Sixteen-year-old Isabelle comes from a French Chinese family. She lived in China from 3 to 7 before moving to the US. Three 4 (year) ago, she started learning Chinese again, and found that it was fun. Every day, she spends about five minutes practicing on language-learning app Duolingo, which   5 (last) for over 300 days. With her teacher from Shanghai on screen, she reads books and practices conversations. “I think Chinese will be really 6 (use). My grandma and other family members speak it, so I hope to talk with them in Chinese,” she says. Ken, a Japanese man, uses Duolingo 7 (improve) his Chinese twice a week. He hopes that when he visits his wife’s hometown of Chongqing next time, he’ll be able to communicate with 8 (she) families in Chinese. For now, he doesn’t find listening or speaking too hard, but reading and writing are difficult for him. “For me, reading is the 9 (difficult) part because many of the Chinese characters have two or three pronunciations (发音), 10 I often make mistakes.” 【答案】 1．a 2．easily 3．about 4．years 5．has lasted 6．useful 7．to improve 8．her 9．most difficult 10．so 【导语】本文介绍了随着中国的发展，外国的汉语爱好者通过应用程序学习外语的经历。 1．句意：因此，许多汉语学习者开始使用在线应用程序。as a result是固定短语，意为“因此，结果”。故填a。 2．句意：有很多在线应用程序，比如悟空、读汉语、你好汉语、多邻国以及汉语：轻松学汉语”。根据“Learn Chinese”可知，此处指轻松地学习，修饰动词需要用副词形式，easy的副词形式是easily，表示“轻松地，容易地”。故填easily。 3．句意：学习者可以更多地了解中国文化，比如春节、武术和京剧。learn about是固定搭配，意为“了解”，此句表示学习者能更多地了解中国文化。故填about。 4．句意：三年前，她重新开始学习汉语，并且发现这很有趣。根据“Three”可知，此处要用复数。故填years。 5．句意：她每天花大约五分钟在语言学习应用程序多邻国上练习，这种练习已经持续了 300 多天。根据“for over 300 days”可知，这里强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语which指代前面的“她每天在多邻国上练习”这件事，视为单数。故填has lasted。 6．句意：我认为汉语将会真的很有用。根据“will be”可知，此处作表语，要用形容词形式，use的形容词形式是useful，表示“有用的”。故填useful。 7．句意：肯是一位日本人，他每周使用多邻国两次来提高自己的汉语水平。use sth. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“用某物做某事”，这里表示用多邻国来提高汉语水平。故填to improve。 8．句意：他希望下次去妻子的家乡重庆时，能够用汉语和她的家人交流。根据“families”可知，此处修饰名词，要用形容词性物主代词，she的形容词性物主代词是her，表示“她的”。故填her。 9．句意：对我来说，阅读是最难的部分，因为很多汉字有两三种发音，所以我经常犯错。根据“reading is the”可知，此处将阅读和学习汉语其他的部分相比，应该用最高级，表示“最困难的”。故填most difficult。 10．句意：对我来说，阅读是最难的部分，因为很多汉字有两三种发音，所以我经常犯错。根据“many of the Chinese characters have two or three pronunciations”可知，此处说对于作者来说阅读最难，后半句说经常犯错，存在因果关系，所以用so，表示“因此；所以”。故填so。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 八下核心语法复习二 （形容词和副词基本用法及句型+比较等级用法、原因状语从句、过去进行时） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：即学即练强化效果，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚 核心考点聚焦 核心考点聚焦 一、形容词的基本用法 形容词是用来描述和修饰名词或代词的一类词，用来说明人或事物的性质和特征。 ( 考点 一 形容词的句法功能 ) 句法功能 用法 示例 作定语 一般位于被修饰词的前面，起描述、修饰或限定被修饰词的作用。 If you live a healthy life,your memory will work better. 如果你过着健康的生活，你的记忆力会更好。 作表语 位于连系动词be、look、sound、smell、 taste、feel、get、become、seem等后，构成系表结构。 What you said is not true. 你所说的话不是真的。 作补足语 可以作主语补足语和宾语补足语，说明主语和宾语的性质、状态、特征等。常接形容词作补足语的动词有keep、find、make、think等。 My friend Peter finds maths very difficult. 我的朋友彼得发现数学很困难。 作状语 主要表示原因、伴随或结果等。形容词作状语位于句首或句末，常用逗号与其他部分隔开。 She was lying in bed,wide awake.(表伴随) 她在床上躺着，十分清醒。 Hungry and tired,I have to stop to have a rest.(原因状语) 又饿又累，我不得不停下来休息。 We arrived home very late, safe and sound.(表结果) 我们很晚才到家，安然无恙。 知识拓展： 一、有些形容词只用作表语，不作定语： 1.某些以a- 开头的形容词:alone单独的;asleep睡着的；afraid害怕的；awake醒着的；aware知道的 ashamed羞愧的；alive活着的 2.某些表示身体状况的形容词:well/fine健康的；ill有病的 3.某些描述感受、心情、状态的形容词:pleased/glad高兴的；sorry难过的；sure有把握的；ready准备好的 二、形容词作状语，一般位于句首或句末，常用逗号与其他部分隔开。如： Hungry and tired, he fell asleep immediately. 三、高频考点：-ing形容词和-ed形容词 -ing形容词和-ed形容词 amazing令人惊讶的→amazed惊奇的 exciting令人激动的→excited激动的 frightening令人害怕的→frightened害怕的 interesting有趣的→interested感兴趣的 boring令人厌烦的→bored厌烦的 worrying令人担忧的→worried担忧的 pleasing令人愉快的→pleased开心的 surprising使人惊奇的→surprised吃惊的 提示： -ing形容词常译为“令人……的”;-ed 形容词常译为“感到……的”。当通过声音、表情等描述人的感受时，也用-ed形容词。如：an excited expression兴奋的表情 ( 考点 二 形容词的 短语和句型 ) 1.形容词与介词的搭配 搭配 例子 例子 与about搭配 be crazy about对……着迷 be excited about对……感到兴奋 be worried about担忧…… be serious about对……认真 与at搭配 be angry at对……生气 be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be mad at对……感到愤怒 be amazed at惊讶…… 与for搭配 be bad for对……有坏处 be famous/known for因……而著名 be late for迟到 be good for对……有好处 be/get ready for为……做好准备 be well-known for因……而著名 与in搭配 be interested in对……感兴趣 be successful in在……方面成功 be different in在……方面不同 be weak in在……方面薄弱 与from搭配 be absent from缺席 be separated from和……分离 be far from远离 be different from与……不同 与of搭配 be short of短缺 be/get tired of对……感到厌倦 be afraid of害怕 be full of充满 be careful of对……小心 be proud of因……而自豪 与with搭配 be strict with对……要求严格 be good with善于应付…… be filled with充满…… be careful with小心…… be busy with忙于…… be angry with生……的气 与to搭配 be similar to与……相似 be thankful to sb.感激某人 be kind to对……和蔼 be friendly to对……友好 be useful to对……有用 be close to接近;靠近 be good to对……好 be harmful to对……有害 句型 含义 例句 it's+adj.(+for+sb.)+动词不定式或it is+adj.+that从句。 表示“做某事(对某人来说)怎么样”。常用形容词有kind (友善的)、nice (友好的)、polite (有礼貌的)、clever (聪明的)、careless (粗心的)等。 It is not easy for Jim to learn Chinese. 学汉语对吉姆来说不容易。 it's+adj.+of+sb.+动词不定式 表示“某人做某事怎么样”。 It's kind of you to help me. 你帮助我太好了。 主语+be+形容词+动词不定式 表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad (高兴的)、pleased (高兴的)、sorry (遗憾的；难过的)、sad (忧伤的)等后常接动词不定式。 I'm sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。 2、 副词的基本用法 一、副词的概念 ( 考点 一 副词的句法功能 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 )副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语乃至全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 成分 功能 例句 作状语 (1)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词 (2)修饰整个句子 They are warmly welcomed by the students.(修饰动词) 他们受到学生们的热烈欢迎。 He felt very surprised.(修饰形容词) 他感到非常地惊讶。 He is almost always late. 他几乎总是迟到。(修饰副词) Luckily,I didn't hurt myself when I fell.(修饰整个句子) 幸运的是，我跌倒时没伤着。 作定语 少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。 The people here are all very kind to me. 这儿的人都对我非常和善。 作表语 作表语的副词多数是表示方位、动作或状态的，如in、out、on、back、down、up、off、away、upstairs等。 I’m sorry,Dr Huang is out at the moment. 对不起，黄医生现在出去了。 作宾语补足语 作补足语主要说明宾语和主语所处的位置，状态等。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，医生远离我。 ( 考点 二 副词的 位置 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) 副词 副词的位置 例句 时间副词 可放于句首或句末，有时还可以放在动词前。 I'll be back soon. 我很快就回来。 地点副词 一般置于句末，往往紧跟在动词(+宾语)后，偶尔也可放于句首，尤其是here和 there。 They played games outdoors. 他们在户外玩游戏。 方式副词 主要放在动词(+宾语)后面；在表示特别强调时， 偶尔也可放在实义动词前面，第一个助动词后面。 I usually drive very carefully . 我通常开车十分小心。 程度副词 修饰形容词和副词时，应放在形容词和副词前面；修饰动词时，常常放在第一个助动词后，实义动词之前。 He studies English very hard. 他很努力地学习英语。 频度副词 常放在系动词be、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。 When he is free, he often helps at Helping Hands club. 当他有空的时候，他经常在帮助手俱乐部帮忙。 疑问副词、连接副词及关系副词 通常放在句子或从句的 最前面。 Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? ( 考点 三 副词的 分类 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) (1) 时间副词:ago, before, already, now, just, soon, then, yet, always, usually, often, sometimes, never, ever等。 (2)地点副词:here, there, in, out, back, home等。 (3)程度副词:very, much, only, quite, too, so, nearly, enough, hard, still等。 (4)疑问副词:when, where, how, why等。 (5)方式副词:quickly, slowly, carefully, loudly, strongly, badly, happily等。 ( 考点 四 形容词变副词的变化规则 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) 情况 构成 示例 一般情况 在形容的词尾加-ly quick→quickly 双音节、多音节，以y结尾 将y改为i再加-ly happy→happily heavy→heavily 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i，再加-ly angry→angrily生气地 happy→happily高兴地 以“辅音字母+e”结尾 直接加-ly wide→widely广泛地 polite有礼貌的→politely礼貌地 以“元音字母+e”结尾 去e加-ly true真正的→truly确实；真正 以“辅音字母+le”结尾 去e加y simple简单的→simply简单地 terrible糟糕的→terribly非常糟的 possible可能的→possibly可能地 以ll 结尾 直接加-y full满的；充满的→fully完全地；充分地 注意：有两种形式的副词的词义比较 形容词 副词(与形容词同形) 副词(形容词+-ly) hard努力地 hard努力地；猛烈地 hardly几乎不，常表示否定 high高的 high在高处 highly表示程度，很；非常 near近的 near表示距离近，在附近 nearly几乎 deep深的 deep指具体的深度，在深处 deeply抽象意义，常指感情的深度，深刻地；非常 late迟到的；晚的 late迟；晚 lately最近；不久前 wide宽阔的 wide充分地 widely广泛地 提示： 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly 慈母般的、lovely令人愉快的、lively 活泼的、friendly 友好的、lonely 孤独的。 例句：Susan is a friendly girl.苏珊是一个很友好的女孩。 例句：He looks very manly in his uniform.他穿着制服十分精神。 3、 形容词和副词的等级比较用法 ( 考点 一 形容词 和副词 的 原级比较 ) 用法 例句 肯定句中常用“as+形容词/形容词原级+as”的结构，表示“……(前者) 和……(后者)一样……”。 Jim is as tall as Mike. 吉姆和迈克一样高。 在否定句中，可用“not so/as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“…… (前者)不如……(后者)那样……”。 My handwriting is not so/as beautiful as yours. 我的字不如你的漂亮。 倍数表达用“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“……是……的几倍……”。 This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 ( 考点 一 形容词 和副词 的 比较级用法 ) （1）比较级结构 用法 例句 “比较级+than”结构表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 He made fewer mistakes than you(did). 他出的错比你少。 “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”, 多音节词和部分双音节词用于此结构时，要用“more and more+形容词/ 副词原级”。 My English is getting better and better. 我的英语越来越好了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家正变得越来越美丽了。 “The+比较级…，the+比较级…”表示“越……, 就越 ……”。 The harder you study,the more you know. 你学习越努力，你知道得就越多。 The more carefully you do,the better you will do. 你做得越认真，做得就会越好。 “the比较级，the+比较级”表示一方的程度随着另一方程度的变化而变化，意为“越……,(就)越……”。 The more difficult the problem is, the more careful we should be. 问题越难，我们就应该越仔细。 “Which/Who...+谓语动词+比较级，A or B?”表示“A和B哪一个/谁更……?”。 Which kind of computers is better, desktops or laptops? 哪种电脑更台式电脑还是笔记本电脑? “A…+倍数+比较级+than+B” 表示“A是B的几倍……”。 This room is three times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大三倍。 “A...+the+比较级+of the two(+可数名词复数)”表示“……是两者中较/更……的那个”。 Mary is the taller of the two children in our family. 玛丽是我们家两个孩子中较高的一个。 “not +比较级+than”意为“不如……更……”，表示前者不如后者。 Tom is not taller than me. 汤姆不如我高。 “no+比较级+than”表示“与 ……一样不……”。 Amy is no taller than me. 汤姆艾米和我一样不高。 （2）形容词比较级的变化规则 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词末尾加-er, -est small fast quick smaller faster quicker smallest fastest quickest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r,-st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加-er,-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加-er,-est red big thin redder bigger thinner reddest biggest thinnest 部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more, most interesting important more interesting more important most interesting most important 温馨提示： 有些形容词没有程度之分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因而没有比较级和最高级。 如：perfect 完美的、right 正确的、wrong错误的、excellent极好的、final最后的、east东方的、wooden木制的。 (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good 好的 better 更好的 best 最好的 bad 坏的；糟的 worse 更糟的 worst 最差的 little 小的；一点儿 less 更少的 least 最少的 much/many 许多 more 更多的 most 最多的 far 远的 farther/further 更远的 farthest/furthest 最远的 old 年老的 older/elder 年级较长的 oldest/eldest 年龄最大的 ( 考点 三 形容词 和副词 的 最高级用法 ) 用法 含义 例句 the+最高级+ of / in ... 表示“三者及三者以上中程度最高的”。 This TV is the least expensive of all. 这台电视是所有电视机里最便宜的。 one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 表示“……中最……之一”。 Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数 表示“第几最……”。 This is the second biggest museum in my hometown. 这是我家乡的第二大博物馆。 Which/Who+be /动词+ (the)+最高级? 表示“哪一个/谁最……”。 Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪个城市是最美丽的，北京，上海还是福州？ 注意：副词最高级前的定冠词the可省略。 例如:Tom studies (the) hardest in our class. 汤姆在我们班学习最努力。 ( 考点 四 比较级表示最高级含义 ) 用法 示例 比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数+比较范围 Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain. 珠穆朗玛峰是最高的山峰。 比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数+比较范围 My son is taller than any of the other students in his class. 我儿子在他班级里是个子最高的。 比较级+than+anything/anyone else(+比较范围) More than anything else,Jack wanted to become a teacher. 杰克最想成为一名教师。 比较级+than +all the other +可数名词复数(+比较范围) Time is more valuable than all the other things. 时间比其他任何东西都宝贵。 比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数+比较范围 My sister is younger than the other kids at her class. 我妹妹比她班里的其他孩子都小。 否定词+比较级(+than+比较范围) I have never seen a more excellent movie than this one. 我从未看过比这更精彩的电影。 ( 考点 五 比较级和最高级的修饰语 副词的 句法 功能 副词的 句法 功能 ) 类别 修饰语 比较级 even甚至 much更 still更；还要 a bit/a little有点 a lot很 far更 by far非常 rather相当 最高级 nearly几乎 much很 almost 几乎 (by) fay大大地；……得多 1．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______ than any one of us. A．more excited B．more exciting C．the most excited D．the most exciting 2．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Can you teach me how to improve spoken English? —The more you practice, ______ it becomes. A．the worse B．the worst C．the better D．the best 3．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In the exam, the _________ you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. A．careful B．carefully C．more carefully D．more careful 4．（2025·云南·模拟预测）Lijiang Old Town is considered one of ________ ancient towns in Yunnan. A．famous B．more famous C．most famous D．the most famous 5．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）Before visiting the museum, our guide reminds us to behave ________ in public. A．wise B．wisely C．proper D．properly 6．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）Jack is crazy about sports. He ________ takes part in the school sports meeting. A．never B．seldom C．sometimes D．always 7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Today AI technology is developing ________ we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow. A．much faster than B．as fast as C．more slowly than D．as slowly as 8．（2025·云南昆明·二模）The traditional festivals of Yunnan’s ethnic minorities (少数民族) are as ________ as colorful paintings. A．lively B．more lively C．the more lively D．the most lively 9．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）Their love is ________ honey. The longer they keep it, the sweeter it will be. A．as soon as B．as well as C．as good as D．as long as 10.（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Our monitor is ________. He always spends a lot of time helping with our class projects. A．generous B．humorous C．nervous D．curious 11.（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The road is very ________ after the heavy rain. Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents. A．empty B．dangerous C．beautiful D．dirty 12.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Huangmei Opera is ________ thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province. Don’t miss it during your stay there. A．hardly B．widely C．suddenly D．badly 14.（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）UNICEF helps build a better world for everyone, _________ children all over the world. A．probably B．luckily C．especially D．closely 15.（2025·上海闵行·三模）The novel attracts the teenagers a lot and keeps them ________ for days. A．excited B．exciting C．excite D．excitement 16．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）If I’m going ________ for the first time, I’ll go online and google it. A．somewhere B．everywhere C．anywhere D．nowhere 17．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）You can ________ win the game if you don’t try your best. A．quickly B．certainly C．hardly D．really 18．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Science and technology are developing ________ in our country. A．directly B．quickly C．seriously D．silently 19.（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）I thought I did badly in the exam. ________, I got a 60 and passed. Hooray! A．Maybe B．Instead C．Almost D．However 20. Tom studies ________. He ________ spends time playing computer games. A．hard; hard B．hardly; hardly C．hard; hardly D．hardly; hard 原因状语从句 原因状语从句 ：在句中表示原因、理由的从句叫原因状语从句。 1 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, since, as。 2 表示语气的强弱顺序是：because﹥since﹥as。 3 这些连词都不能和so连用。 4 当原因状语从句放于句首时，通常要用逗号与主句隔开。 ①引导词because 1.because强调明确直接的因果关系，回答“why”问题 She didn’t come to school because she was ill. 她没来上学是因为病了。 — Why was he angry? 他为什么生气？ — Because I was late. 因为我迟到了。 2. because从句可与for互换，但for是并列连词，连接的是并列句，并且在for前必须有逗号隔开。如： We must start early because it will take us 3 hours to drive there. 我们要早点出发，因为开车去那儿要3个小时。 = We must start early, for it will take us 3 hours to drive there. ②．引导词since 1. since表示明摆着的理由或原因，常译为“既然” Since you have finished your homework, you can take a rest. 既然你已完成了作业，那就休息一下吧。 2. since还可引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来” We’ve known each other since we were children. 我们从孩提时代起就相识了。 ③．引导词as 1 as语气最弱，表示附带说明的原因 2 as还可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”、“随着……”。如： He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。 We get wiser as we get old. 随着年龄的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。 ④because与 because of的区别 because和because of的意思都是“因为；由于”。 但because 是连词，其后接句子。because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。 She doesn’t go to school because she is ill. = She doesn’t go to school because of her illness. 她没来上学因为她生病了。 1.（2025·上海·模拟预测）I’m going to visit Disneyland ________ I like Mickey Mouse. A．so B．because C．but D．though 2.（2025·江苏·二模）It’s important to keep learning about new technology ______ the world changes so fast. A．so B．or C．since D．unless 3.（2025·安徽淮南·一模）Nowadays museums are becoming more popular ________ people want to learn more about culture and history. A．until B．unless C．as D．although 过去进行时 ( 考点 一 过去进行时的用法 ) 1.过去进行时表示过去某一个时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作.通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.then, at this/that time, yesterday, at nine, last night等 At 8:00 o'clock yesterday evening I was having dinner with some friends. 昨天晚上八点,我在和几位朋友一起吃饭. The doorbell rang while my mother was cooking the dinner.在妈妈做饭时,门铃响了. Mary fell asleep while she was watching TV.玛丽看着电视睡着了. My son was learning English in Australia last autumn.去年秋天我儿子在澳大利亚学习英语. I was reading an interesting book last month.上个月我在看一本有趣的书. 2.表示移动的动词.如:come, start, stay, leave, fly等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作 He was leaving the following day.他第二天将要离开. She asked when I was starting.她问我何时动身. 3.过去进行时动词常与always, forever, continually, constantly, frequently等副词连用,代替一般过去时,强调过去经常性或习惯性动作,表现出说话人的赞美、厌烦等情绪 He was forever complaining about something.他老是怨这怨那. He was constantly asking questions.他老是没完没了地提问题. 4.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个动作用一般过去时.若表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时发生,则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时 What was Jim doing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候吉姆在做什么? He read a piece of newspaper while he was waiting for the bus.他一边等车,一边看报. The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业. 注意： (1)静态动词如be, have, seem, depend on(依靠)等一般不能用于进行时态. (2)表示知觉、认识或情感的动词如see, hear, believe, know, like, love, want, wish等一般也没有进行时态. ( 考点 二 过去进行时的句型 ) 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词-ing形式+其他. Alice was sitting with her classmates by the river. 爱丽丝正和她的同学坐在河边。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+动词-ing形式+其他. Alice was not/wasn’t sitting with her classmates by the river. 爱丽丝没有和她的同学们坐在河边。 一般疑问句 —Was/Were+主语+动词-ing形式+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+was/were not. —Was Alice sitting with her classmates by the river? 爱丽丝正和她的同学们坐在河边吗？ —Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.是的，她和同学坐在河边。 /不，她没有和同学坐在河边。 ( 考点 三 过去进行时时间标志词 ) 时间标志词 then (指过去)当时,那时 at that time 当时 this time yesterday 昨天这个时候 at ten yesterday 昨天十点 last night 昨晚 ( 考点 四 When和while用法辨析 ) when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,且从而多用一般过去时;而while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的,且从句多用过去进行时。 When she came in, her mother was cooking.她进来时，她的妈妈正在做饭。 While I was reading, she sang.我看书的时候,她唱歌。 They were playing soccer on the playground ________ the storm came. A．as soon as B．as long as C．when D．while ( 考点 五 一般过去时与过去进行时的 区别 ) 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;而过去进行时则表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作. Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她朋友写了封信.(信已写完) Mary was writing a letter to her friend at 8:00 o'clock last night. 昨晚八点钟玛丽在给她的朋友写信.(信不一定写完,只说明了动作的延续) It was raining this time yesterday.昨天这个时间在下雨.(动作延续) It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨.(动作完成) 1．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up? I ________ a shower when you called. A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking 2．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A．will practice B．have practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing 3.（2025·江苏无锡·三模）The boys were playing football on the playground ________ the rainstorm came. A．when B．while C．until D．after 4.（2025·天津·一模）Daming was listening to music while he ________ his bike. A．rides B．rode C．will ride D．was riding 5. He ________ in Italy when he ________ the accident. A．travelled; had B．was travelling; had C．was travelling; was having D．travelled; was having 6.While we ________ the picnic, it ________ to rain. A．are having; started B．have; is starting C．were having; started D．were having; was starting 一、单项选择 1.（2025·西藏·模拟预测）The old man lives ________, so he may feel ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．alone; alone D．lonely; lonely 2.We’re tired. Let’s have a _________ rest. A．ten minutes B．ten-minute C．ten-minutes D．ten minute’s 3. —Is your sister ill? —Don’t worry. It’s _______, only a little cold. A．serious anything B．nothing serious C．serious nothing D．anything serious 4.The new science book is not as ________ as the old one. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．more interesting 5.In the mid-term exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make. A．careful; little B．more careful; less C．careful; few D．more careful; fewer 6.The _________ you are, the _________ mistakes you will make. A．careful; few B．more careful; less C．more careful; fewer D．careful; less. 7.We were playing basketball in the park ______ suddenly the storm started. A．when B．while C．until D．before 8.Both of my parents can cook fish very well. But my mother cooks ________ than my father. A．successfully B．much successfully C．the most successfully D．more successfully 9.If overweight people eat ________ and take more exercise, they will soon feel ________ healthier. A．less; more B．less; much C．more; more D．more; less 10.（2024·四川·中考真题）—Why are you late for class? —________ my alarm clock didn’t go off this morning. A．So B．Because C．However D．Unless 11.（2025·江苏无锡·二模）—I really like this year’s Spring Festival Gala. What about you? —Me too. It’s ______ one I have ever seen. A．a more boring B．a more wonderful C．the most boring D．the most wonderful 12.—Shall we keep the windows ________? —Sure, to let clean air in. But when we leave the classroom, they must be ________. A．opened; closed B．closed; open C．open; closed D．close; opened 12.（2025·安徽芜湖·一模）— The road up to the top of the mountain is still closed till the snow weather is over. — It’s necessary, ________ it’s dangerous to go up the mountain in the snowy weather. A．if B．whether C．as D．although 13.（2025·上海·模拟预测）You should go to the clinic right now ________ you don’t feel quite well. A．though B．since C．unless D．until 14.（2025·云南昭通·二模）When I called Li Ming, he ________ a speech about solar energy in the hall. A．prepares B．is preparing C．was preparing D．has prepared 15.（2025·云南·模拟预测）When I arrived, my little sister ________ happily in the garden. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．was playing 16.（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? —I ________ bicycle with my sister. A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up 17.（2024·天津·中考真题）The teacher speaks ________ and carefully so that we can understand her better. A．hardly B．only C．slowly D．nearly 18.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Huangmei Opera is ________ thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province. Don’t miss it during your stay there. A．hardly B．widely C．suddenly D．badly 19.（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Ailly, what do you think of these Chinese paintings? —_______! They show perfect skills of painting. A．Common B．Important C．Wonderful D．Expensive 20.（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Simon is ________. He believes he can win the first prize in the speaking competition. A．generous B．curious C．confident D．modest 21.（2025·上海·模拟预测）Mt. Qomolangma is the ________ mountain in the world. A．deepest B．longest C．highest D．tallest 22.（2025·山东东营·一模）—The discussion about AI in our class was really heated (激烈的). —I know! AI technology is developing so fast. Many companies ________ started using AI to improve their services. A．seldom B．hardly C．never D．recently 23.（2025·江苏淮安·一模）My father ________ drives his car to work. He says everyone should do something for greener city. A．often B．always C．seldom D．sometimes 24.（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）—Peter has worked for our community as a volunteer for ________ ten years. —What a nice person he is! A．really B．nearly C．slowly D．hardly 25.（2025·天津·二模）Football is ________ than baseball in many countries. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．a little popular 26.（2025·甘肃定西·二模）According to the survey, going to bed early is as ________ as eating vegetables every day. We’d better go to bed before 10:30 p.m. A．more important B．important C．less important D．the most important 27.（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）How amazing! Human workers pick tea fast. Those tea-picking robots work even ________. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 28.（2025·甘肃定西·一模）The ________ boy can write a lot of words. A．five-year-old B．five years old C．five year old D．five-years-old 29.（2025·西藏日喀则·一模）As ________ ancient man-made object, the Great Wall is one of ________ most amazing wonders in the world. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; a D．a: an 30.The number of people at the concert was ________ than expected. There were many tickets left. A．many more B．much more C．much larger D．much smaller 31.（2025·四川雅安·模拟预测）Vegetables are _________ more important than junk food. A．so B．very C．much D．quite 32.（2025·上海闵行·三模）________ the patient gets treatment, the better his chance is. A．Early B．Earlier C．The earlier D．The earliest 33.（2025·吉林长春·二模）I prefer science to Russian. I think Russian is ________ than science. A．much useful B．less useful C．more useful D．more usefully 34.（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—The air pollution is getting ________. What can we do to stop it? —I think we can ride our bicycles to school more. A．worse B．worst C．better D．best 35.（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Qomolangma is _________ mountain in the world. A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest 36.（2025·陕西西安·二模）Ne Zha 2 is so ________ that people of all ages are ________ in it. A．interested; interesting B．interesting; interesting C．interesting; interested D．interested; interested 37.（2024·陕西西安·二模）_________ we do our homework, _________ mistakes we will make. A．The more careful; the less B．The more careful; the fewer C．The more carefully; the less D．The more carefully; the fewer 38. People in different countries do things ________. A．different B．differently C．difference D．differ 39.（2025·上海青浦·一模）Being ________ means taking ownership of your mistakes and learning from them. A．response B．responsible C．responsibly D．responsibility 40.（2025·上海闵行·一模）Because of the terrible accident, the girl didn’t feel ________ at all on her own. A．safe B．safely C．safety D．save 2、 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）The Shenzhou-14 spaceship (success) landed after finishing a 6-month task. 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）After three months of training, I could sing much (beautiful). 3．（2023·上海·中考真题）It was snowing , yet the couple still went to the concert. (heavy) 4．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Learning is a lifelong journey. Learn (wise) and learn well. 5．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）Recently, Tianshui malatang is very popular. It’s (real) delicious. 6．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）Because of the heavy rain, my dad drove me home as (care) as he could that day. 7.（2025·江苏淮安·二模）We hoped the weather could be better. However, it became even (bad) later. 8.（2025·江苏南京·一模）Young people add some bright lights and loud music to make the dance show much (exciting). 9.（2025·上海闵行·三模）Donating blood is one of the ways of saving lives. (easy) 10.（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）When Helen won a prize in the English competition, she believed she was the girl in the world. (happy) 11．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Yesterday, we (work) out the problem with our teacher’s help. 12.（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Peter (have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang. 13.（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Though I failed a lot times than I succeeded, I know how to fail well. (many) 14.（2025·甘肃兰州·一模） (lucky), we arrived at the station just after the last train left. 15.（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Actions speak (loud) than words. 三、语法填空 （2025·辽宁铁岭·二模）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的适当形式。 With the development of China, there is more need for learning Chinese. As 1 result, many learners of Chinese start to use online apps. There are many online apps, such as wukong, DuChinese, HelloChinese, Duolingo and Chinesey: Learn Chinese 2 (easy). Today, Duolingo offers new courses for learning Chinese. Learners can learn more 3 Chinese culture, such as the Spring Festival, martial arts (武术), and Peking Opera. There is also cultural learning about daily life. Sixteen-year-old Isabelle comes from a French Chinese family. She lived in China from 3 to 7 before moving to the US. Three 4 (year) ago, she started learning Chinese again, and found that it was fun. Every day, she spends about five minutes practicing on language-learning app Duolingo, which   5 (last) for over 300 days. With her teacher from Shanghai on screen, she reads books and practices conversations. “I think Chinese will be really 6 (use). My grandma and other family members speak it, so I hope to talk with them in Chinese,” she says. Ken, a Japanese man, uses Duolingo 7 (improve) his Chinese twice a week. He hopes that when he visits his wife’s hometown of Chongqing next time, he’ll be able to communicate with 8 (she) families in Chinese. For now, he doesn’t find listening or speaking too hard, but reading and writing are difficult for him. “For me, reading is the 9 (difficult) part because many of the Chinese characters have two or three pronunciations (发音), 10 I often make mistakes.” 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$