专题01 八下核心语法复习一（非谓语动词之to do&doing和被动语态）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（沪教牛津版）

专题01 八下核心语法复习一 （非谓语动词之to do& doing、被动语态） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：即学即练强化效果，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 动词不定式的形式 )非谓语动词一：动词不定式 动词不定式的形式：to＋动词原形(有时可以省略to)；否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”。 例句：My mom asks me to clean the room every day. The teacher tells us not to waste water and electricity. I often see him read books in the library. 1．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 2.（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·二模）My mother asked me ________ computer games before finishing my homework. A．not play B．not to play C．don’t play D．not playing ( 考点 二 动词不定式的句法功能 ) 一、句法功能总览 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。句中可以作宾语、 宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语和表语等。 功能 用法 例句 作主语 ①不定式作主语时，可置句首。 ②如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。 To learn English well is important.  ＝ It is important to learn English well.  作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Lakes.  作表语 常位于be动词后。 Her dream is to be a doctor. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.  作状语  一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.(作目的状语) Paul is too excited to say anything.(作结果状语) I’m so glad to see you.(作原因状语) 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语(如果是不及物动词，则需加介词) I have a lot of books to read.  Please give me some paper to write on. I have a chance to go abroad. 二、句法功能详解 1.动词不定式作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作主语通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 It’s important to have good habits. 养成好习惯很重要的。 (2)it作形式主语, 动词不定式作主语的常见句型 句型 例句 It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……的。 It was hard for him to learn English well. =To learn English well was hard for him. 对他来说学好英语太难了。 It is/was+adj.+to do sth.做某事是……的。 It's not easy to pass the exam. (=To pass the exam is not easy.) 通过考试不容易。 It is/was+n .+to do sth. 做某事是…… It is my pleasure to help you.帮助你是我的荣幸。 It's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的义务。 it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 某人花多长时间做某事 It took me three hours to repair the TV set. 我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。 It's time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 It's time to go to school. 是时候上学了。 注意： 1.有些动词(advise, ask,show,teach,tell等),其后可以接双宾语。 2.有些疑问词(组) (what,which,whose,how many,how much等),其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 3.在“疑问词+不定式”结构前，有时也可以是形容词(sure,clear等)。 4.所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。 1.It is kind ________ you to help me clean my house. It must take you a long time ________ here. A．of; getting B．of; to get C．for; to get D．for; getting 2. It is always a good idea _________ your hands each time before you leave the lab. A．wash B．washing C．to wash D．washed 3．（2025·云南楚雄·一模）AI technologies have found their ways into our daily lives, so it’s necessary for us ________ them well. A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learned 2.动词不定式作宾语 (1)动词不定式作宾语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作及物动词的宾语。动词不定式作宾语且有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语 (动词不定式)后置。 I forgot to bring the key to my house. 我忘记带家里的钥匙了。 动词不定式作介词的宾语，不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语，而是需要与疑问词构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。 They are talking about how to solve the problem. 他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。 (2)常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 would like 想要 like 喜欢 want 想要 plan 计划 offer 提供 wish 希望 pretend 假装 hope 希望 forget 忘记 learn 学习 agree 同意 need 需要 expect 期望 promise 承诺 afford 承担得起 manage 完成 try 努力 help 帮助 start 开始 begin 开始 prepare 准备 choose 选择 助记口诀： 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词 需要拒绝莫忘记，(need、refuse、forget) 想要学习就努力，(want、learn、try) 希望帮助并同意，(hope/wish、help、agree) 喜欢决定后开始。(like、decide、begin) 1.— David, remember _______ me when you arrive in Hainan. — Ok, I will. A．calling B．call C．calls D．to call 2.Many students found ________ quite difficult ________ a script based on the texts we learned. A．it; writing B．it’s; to write C．it’s; writing D．it; to write 3.动词不定式作宾语补足语 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法 用法 例句 多数及物动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语(动词+宾语+动词不定式)。 My mother asks me to eat fruit every day. 我妈妈让我每天都吃水果。 (2)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 allow允许 order命令 teach教 warn警告 ask要求 decide决定 tell告诉 encourage鼓励 invite邀请 want想要 advise建议 expect期望 wish希望 force强迫 would like想要 1.Our English teacher encourages each of us ________ English loudly. A．speak B．speaks C．to speak D．speaking 2.My computer is broken, I’m going to ask a computer engineer ________ it tomorrow. A．to check B．checked C．check D．checking 3.My mother allows me ________ the Internet for half an hour every weekend. A．surfing B．to surf C．to surfing D．surf 4.动词不定式作状语的用法 用法 例句 作目的状语(表示某一动作或状态的目的)。既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。表示“为了……，以便……”。 Tom trained hard to improve his basketball skills. =To improve his basketball skills, Tom trained hard. 汤姆刻苦训练以便提高自己的篮球技能。 作结果状语，常用的结构有so...as to do sth.(如此 ……以至于做某事)、enough to do sth.(足够……能够做某事)、too...to do sth.(太……而不能做某事)、only to do(不料，竟然)。 He isn't strong enough to lift the box. 他不够强壮，提不起这个箱子。 作原因状语，通常用于sorry,surprised,glad等表示情感的形容词后，常用的结构有be glad/sad /happy/sorry /pleased /surprised/ disappointed/delighted/shocked to do sth.。 I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 知识拓展： 作结果状语，有的结构可以同义转换： 1.too...to do sth...结构还可以转换为“so...that +主语+ can't/ couldn't do sth.”句型。 He was too clever to make such stupid mistakes. →He was so clever that he couldn't make such stupid mistakes. 他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。 2...enough to do sth.结构也可以转换为“so...that+主语+can/could do sth.”句型。 The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. →The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. 这个女孩太高了，她能够到树上的苹果。 口诀助记： 不定式，用作状 “目的”、“结果”两最忙; “形表”之后也出现，表示“原因”记心上。 1.My mother was very happy ________ me when I won the game. A．see B．seeing C．to see D．saw 2.Mike says he will try his best ________ me with English. A．help B．helps C．to help D．helping 3.________ water, turn off the tap after washing your hands. A．Save B．Saving C．Saved D．To save 4.The thinking training courses are ________ difficult for us ________ understand. A．so; that B．too; to C．to; to D．such; that 5.动词不定式作定语 用法 示例 动词不定式作定语时(一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后), 相当于定语从句。常见的能跟动词不定式作定语的名词有ability、attempt、chance、decision、effort、need、plan、time等 。 It was a difficult decision to make. 这是个很难作出的决定。 如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。 I want some paper to write on . 我想要一些写字的纸。 当动词不定式所修饰的名词是time、place或way时，动词不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。 The library is a good place to study. 图书馆是一个学习的好地方。 (动宾关系：live不及物加介词in) 动词不定式常放在something、anything、nothing等复合不定代词的后面，作后置定语。如果复合不定代词还有形容词修饰，顺序是“something/anything/nothing...+形容词+动词不定式”。 Do you have anything important to say? 你有什么重要的话要说吗？ 知识拓展： 动词不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可表示某一过去的特定动作。 1．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—It’s too hot today. Would you like something ________? —Yes, please. I’d like some iced tea. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drunk 2．At present my family has enough rooms ___________. A．for live B．living in C．to live in D．living 3.What is the best way ________ out the math problem? A．work B．working C．to work D．to working 6.动词不定式作表语 用法 例句 动词不定式可跟在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。 Her ambition was to be a teacher. 她的志向是当一名老师。 动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。 My dream is to be a famous pianist. =To be a famous pianist is my dream. 我的梦想是成为一名著名的钢琴家。 1.Tom’s second job was ________ the cows. A．milk B．milking C．milks D．to milk 2.My sister’s hobby is ________ books. A．read B．reads C．reading D．to reading 7. 动词不定式作独立成分 (1)动词不定式作独立成分的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式还可用作独立成分，用于表示说话人的观点或态度。常用的动词不定式短语有:to be honest老实说；to begin/start with首先；to tell (you) the truth说实话。 To be honest,we don;t like him very much. 老实说，我们不太喜欢他。 (2)常见的作独立成分的动词不定式 to be honest 老实说 to tell you the truth 说实话 to begin/start with 首先 to be frank 坦白说 to speak frankly 坦诚地说 to conclude 最后；总而言之 ( 考点 三 “特殊 疑问词+动词不定式 ” 结构 ) 疑问代词who、whom、what、which和疑问副词when、how、where放在动词不定式前，构成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 结构 功能 例句 疑问词＋动词不定式 作主语 When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 作宾语 I haven't decided yet when to leave. 作表语 The question is where to find water. 注意：该句型可与宾语从句互换。例如： Can you tell me where to buy the scarf ? = Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf ? 你能告诉我在哪里买围巾吗? 1.（2025·江苏徐州·二模）—Children’s Day is coming. I haven’t decide ________ for little son. —Perhaps a model plane is a perfect present. It’s his favourite. A．what to buy B．where to buy C．when to buy D．how to buy 2．（2025·江苏泰州·一模）My cousin plans to go on a trip to Qin Lake National Wetland Park with his family on May 1st. But he hasn’t decided ________. A．when to visit it B．how to get there C．who to go with D．where to go ( 考点 四 省略to的不定式 ) 用法 例句 ①在感官动词及使役动词作宾语补足语时，后接不带to的动词不定式，但被动语态中，需要还原to。 一感： feel 二听： listen to，hear 三让： let，have，make 四看： watch，see，look at，notice I see him read in the library. (主动语态) He is seen to read in the library. 我看见他在图书馆看书。(被动语态) ②why (not)...后省略to的情况。 Why not ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师? ③在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式可以省略to。 I helped him (to) repair his bike.我帮他修自行车。 ④but、except之前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后通常省略动词不定式符号 to,否则要带to。 I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。 He could do nothing but study hard. 他除了好好学习以外别无他法。 ⑤在并列结构中，为了避免重复，可省略后一个动词不定式符号to。但两个动词不定式有对照或对比的意义时，后一个to 不能省略。 I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责骂你，而是赞扬你。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. 她叫孩子待在那里，等她回来。 主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。 The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 What I'll do is (to) tell her the truth.我要做的就是告诉她真相。 1.She missed the bus. It made her ________ for an hour for the next one. A．wait B．waited C．waiting D．to wait 2.My brother often helps me ________ my math problems. A．solve B．solves C．solving D．to solving 3.（2024·上海·模拟预测）My mother had me ________ all the homework at the beginning of the holiday. A．to finish B．finished C．finishing D．finish ( 考点 五 动词不定式的特殊 结构和句型 ) 用法 例句 too...to... 太……而不能…… The girl is too young to look after herself. 那个女孩太小而不能照顾他自己。 Why don't you +动词原形?=Why not +不带to的不定式? 为什么不……呢? Why don't you get her a photo album? = Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢? ...enough to... 足够……可以…… Tom is old enough to go to school. 汤姆足够大了,可以去上学了。 had better ( not)+不带to的不定式 最好(不要)做某事 You'd better do your homework carefully today. 你今天最好认真做作业。 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事也不做某事 I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping. 我宁愿待在家里也不去购物。 1.（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）My grandparents don’t want to go on trips. They prefer ________ at home rather than ________ out. A．stay; to go B．stay; go C．to stay; to go D．to stay; go 2.The boy is ________ short ________ the book on the shelf. A．too; reach B．too; to reach C．to; to get D．too; not to get 非谓语动词之动名词（doing） ( 考点 一一、一 动名词的形式 ) 动名词的形式：动词原形＋­ing；否定形式为“not＋动词原形＋-ing” Swimming is my hobby. 游泳是我的爱好。 Do you mind turning down the radio? 你介意把收音机音量调低点吗？ 1.I think ________ is good for our health. A．walk B．walks C．walking D．walked 2.We suggest parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not to leave B．leaving C．not leaving D．to leave ( 考点 二一、一 动名词的句法功能 ) 成分 用法 例句 作主语 动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作，有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。 宾语 ①动名词既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 ②动名词作宾语时，若后接宾语补足语，常用形式宾语it。常用句型： It’s no use/no good/no point doing sth. 做某事没有用、没好处... Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter. 莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。 作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is planting flowers. =Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。 作定语 说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于被修饰词之前。 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people. 这个会议室太小，容纳不了30人。 易错点： 不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换，但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身；动名词作主语所表示的动作比较抽象，时间概念不强调事情本身；有时也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。 ( 考点 三一、一 后接动名词作宾语的常考动词 ) avoid避免 consider考虑 mind介意 finish完成 imagine想象 suggest建议 enjoy喜欢 keep坚持 practice练习 miss 错过 admit 承认、deny 否认 escape 逃避 ( 考点 四一、一 后接动名词作宾语的常考短语 句型 ) be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事 be interested in doing sth.你对做某事很感兴趣 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 have+(no)problem/difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.做某事(没)有困难 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 记忆口诀： 完成练习值得忙， (finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 继续习惯可放弃；(keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想，(consider/suggest/can't help,feel like) 喜欢错过要介意。(enjoy,miss,mind) ( 考点 五一、一 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 ) stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 sth.need doing 某事需要被做 need to do sth.需要去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue doing sth.继续做同一件事 continue to do sth.继续做另一件事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事 1.________ early is good for your health. A．Get up B．Getting up C．To get up D．Gets up 2.When it’s raining, I don’t feel like ________ outside. A．go B．going C．to go D．to going 2. After he finishes ________ the novel, he wants to watch TV. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 4.—What club do you want to join? —I want to join the ________ club. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 5.The ___________ machine is broken and we need to buy a new one. A．wash B．washed C．washing D．washes 6.Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．to turning 7.（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）The way which you have imagined ________ the problem is worth trying again. A．solving B．solves C．to solve D．have solved 8.I saw the girl ________ the floor when I passed the classroom. A．clean B．cleans C．to clean D．cleaning 9.My father gave up ________ and he never regretted ________ that. A．smoking, doing B．smoking, to do C．to smoke, to do D．to smoke, doing 10.The boy enjoys ________ football for a long time after school. It makes his mother ________. A．playing, feel happy B．to play, feels happy C．playing, feels happy D．playing, feel happily 1.I think he is __________ apples with us. Let him have a try. A．old enough picking B．enough old to pick C．old enough to pick D．enough old picking 2.（2024·上海·模拟预测）We should do what we can ________ those who needs help. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 3.（2025·上海·模拟预测）Ms. Li always makes her teaching plans attractive ________ her students. A．encourage B．encouraged C．encouraging D．to encourage 4.The best time ________ your teeth is ten minutes after meals. A．brush B．to brush C．brushes D．to brushing 5.I think ______ to the tapes ______ a good way ______ English. A．to listen; is; learn B．listening; is; to learn C．listening; are; learn D．listen; are; learning 6．（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测）China’s new TV show To the Wonder is worth ________. A．to watch B．watched C．watching D．watch 7.My friend spent as much time as he could ________ his work, and the project he devoted himself ________ a big award at last. A．to do; winning B．to do; win C．doing; to win D．doing; to won 8. Would you mind ________ here? I’m doing my homework. A．not to sing B．to sing C．not singing D．sang 9.Do you mind _________ the window? A．my closing B．my close C．my closed D．me close 10.—Lucy, the spoon is used to ________ the soup. —Oh, I see. But I’m not used to ________ it. A．have; use B．having; using C．having; use D．have; using 11.（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 12.（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Jack, remember ________ off the lights when you leave your bedroom. —OK, I will. A．turned B．turn C．turning D．to turn 13.（2025·天津红桥·二模）In the eighteenth century a lot of musicians came ________ and work in Vienna. A．study B．to study C．studied D．studies 14.I often see little Tom ________ TV. Just now when I walked past his room, I saw him ________ TV again. A．watch; watching B．watching; watch C．watch; watch D．watching; watching 15.We are going for a meeting tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure ________. A．why to start B．which to start C．what to start D．when to start 被动语态 ( 考点 一一、一 被动语态的定义 ) 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如： They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。 →The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。 主语the house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。 ( 考点 二一、一 各时态下的被动语态谓语结构 ) 被动语态由“系动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done This kind of bag is made in China. 这种包是在中国制造的。 一般过去时 was/were＋done He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China. 他发现当地商店里那么多产品都是中国制造的，这很有趣。 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋done The project will be finished in a month.这个项目将在一个月内完成。 含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年们应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。 现在完成时 have/has been done The homework has been finished by Jim.吉姆已经写完家庭作业了 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done A new road is being built outside my house.我家门口正在修一条新路。 过去进行时 was/ were+being+done The man was being questioned by the police.这个人当时正在被警察盘问。 ( 考点 三一、一 被动语态的句型 ) 一般来说，只有带宾语的及物动词才有被动语态。一般被动形式的否定式是在其肯定式中第一个助动词后加not；疑问式是将肯定式中第一个助动词提到主语前。具体如下： 句式 结构 以含be+done为例 肯定句 主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+过去分词(+by...)+其他. It was invented in 1893. 它在1893年被发明。 否定句 主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+not+过去分词(+by...)+其他. Teenagers are not allowed to watch this TV show.青少年不被允许观看这个电视节目。 一般疑问句 be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他? Is this plate made of silver? 这个盘子时银制的吗? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be动词、助动词、情态动词 +主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他? What are these coats made of? 这些外套是由什么制成的? ( 考点 四一、一 主动句变被动句 ) 一般情况：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 特殊情况 ①双宾语： 情况一：若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语。 被动语态结构：主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 情况二：若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 被动语态结构：主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to/for+原间接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 注意： 1.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring、give、send、show、take、pass、lend、 post、teach、write、throw、hand等。 2.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带for的动词有：buy、cook、find、get、make、save 等。 ②还原“to”的被动语态： 在主动语态中有些感官动词(see，watch，hear，feel, notice等)和使役动词(have，let，make等)后使用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to还原，不定式为主语补足语，即hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. heard/seen to do sth.。 例如：We often hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。(主动语态) →He is often heard to play the guitar by us.(被动语态) ( 考点 五一、一 主动表被动及无被动的情况 ) （1）不及物动词（短语）无被动，如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。 The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。 （2）open, lock, write, read, sell，clean,burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，用于描述主语的特征或性质,，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 （3）look，sound，taste，smell，feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。 She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。 （4）want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 （5）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 1.The old radios require ________, so you’d better have them ________. A． to repair; repaired B．repairing; repaired C．to be repaired; repair D．to repairing; repaired 2.—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 3．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 4．（2024·安徽·中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 5．（2025·上海·模拟预测）So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟). A．are introduced B．were introduced C．have introduced D．have been introduced 6．（2025·云南·模拟预测）In the future, more wildlife will ________ in the new nature park in Yunnan. A．protect B．be protecting C．be protected D．have protected 7．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）People who drink wine ________ to drive. It’s too dangerous. A．don’t allow B．mustn’t be allowed C．mustn’t allow D．are allowed 8.（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Cathy, you look upset. What’s the matter? —I was involved in a car accident last week and my car was destroyed. It needs __________ . A．be repaired B．to repair C．repairing D．repair 9.This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A．feels, breaks B．is felt, breaks C．feels, is broken D．is felt, is broken 10.The new books ________ so well that they ________ out in all the shops. A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sold C．sell; are sold; D．sell; sell 11.The meeting ________ next Monday. A．will be happened B．will take place C．will be taken place D．will happen 1.There were lots of people at the street corner when the accident ________. A．was taken place B．has happened C．was happened D．happened 2.Your car is very dirty. It needs ________. A．to wash B．to washing C．be washed D．washing 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）It ________ Jia Ling has become one of the most successful female directors. A．is turned out B．turns out C．is carried out D．carries out 4.The cakes in the restaurant ________, so they ________well. A．are tasted better; are sold B．are tasted well; sell C．taste nice; are sold D．taste nice; sell 5.Frank was made ________ in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning. A．stand B．stood C．to stand D．standing 6．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）— Do you know how DeepSeek gets so smart? —Yes. It has a strong ability and ________ by training on lots of information. A．develops B．is developed C．was developed D．developed 7．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）—I feel too stressed to eat anything because I have met lots of difficulties. —Don’t worry. I believe all of them ________ in the end. A．are solving B．will solve C．will be solved D．were solved 8．（2025·云南·模拟预测）The final decision on the volunteer program ________ next week. A．will announce B．is announced C．will be announced D．announces 1．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 4．（2016·上海·中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 5．（2022·西藏·中考真题）________ too much sweet food will make people get fat. A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate 6．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 7．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 8．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）______ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Keeps 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings. A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows 10.I could get the meaning by________ the conversations in the movies. A．to listen to B．listen to C．listening to D．to listening to 11．（23-24七年级下·江苏南京·期末）Now, it’s amazing that some British children enjoy ______ English with Chinese Hengshui-style at home. A．write B．writes C．to write D．writing 12.Your flat needs ________. Do you need me ________ it for you? A．to clean; to do B．cleaning; doing C．cleaning; to do D．to be cleaned; doing 13.Chang An wins high praise from the public, so I think the film is worth ________ once again. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．being watched 14.It stops their neighbours from ________ any sleep. A．not get B．get C．not getting D．getting 15.She writes slowly so she has trouble ________ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D．took 16．（2025·天津滨海新·二模）Our teacher asked us ________ the difficult problem in groups. A．discuss B．discussed C．to discuss D．discussing 17．（2024·上海·模拟预测）My dream is ________ an engineer in 10 years’ time. A．become B．to become C．becomes D．became 18.My parents often tell me ________ too much time playing computer games. A．not to spend B．to not spend C．don’t spend D．not spend 19.I think the best way ________ is through exercise. A．to relax B．relax C．relaxing D．relaxed 20.Zhang Lei is a good student and he is always the first ________ school in his class. A．to get to B．get to C．gets to D．getting to 21.（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）Summer is coming. It’s dangerous for us ________ in the rivers or lakes. A．swim B．swam C．to swim D．swimming 22．（2025年天津市中考考前练习英语试题）We live in an information age, so we have more chances ________ ourselves. A．to improve B．improve C．improved D．improves 23．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 24．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 25．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 26．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 27.The ancient Chinese painting ________ the Tang Dynasty is now displayed in the museum. A．belongs to B．belonged to C．belonging to D．belong to 28．I regret ________ I can’t help you with it. A．to say B．say C．to saying D．saying 29．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）This kind of flower must ________ every day, or it will die. A．water B．be watered C．watering D．waters 30.（2025·云南·模拟预测）The new high-speed railway line ________ completed by the end of 2025. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Usually, paper cuttings (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals. 2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago. 3．（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）—How can I become a successful person? —Well, you should remember that success is never by luck. (achieve) 4．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）The Olympic Games in Paris will be (hold) on July 26th, 2024. 5．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Paper was (invent) in China during the Han Dynasty. 6．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）If salt is onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 7．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can be (solve) in the end. 8．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Teenagers should be allowed to get their ears (pierce). 9．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）I pay attention to (listen) to the teacher in class. 10．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What is your plan for the weekend? —I plan (read) the book Red Star Over China (《红星照耀中国》). 11．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）My sister has many hobbies, such as dancing and (sing). 12．（2024·西藏·中考真题）My grandparents enjoy (practice) Tai chi in the yard every morning. 13．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）He went to Lanzhou to (visit) Zhongshan Bridge. 14．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish) the science project. 15．（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Many students have trouble with their parents. However, with a little hard work, they can learn to solve this problem. (communicate) 16．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）I enjoy (listen) to music in my spare time. 17．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The Internet can be a useful tool, but don’t let it (take) up all of your time. 18．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）Remember (give) me a call when you arrive at the airport. 19．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）After (wash) these clothes, you can put them outside. 20．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）David refused (go) to the concert with me because he had to prepare for the exam. 21．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）“I have difficulty (breathe). Set me free.” the young black man asked the police. 22．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）She enjoys (listen) to music in her free time. 23．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）Students planted many trees in the park (make) the environment more beautiful. 24．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）My parents often ask me (study) hard. 25．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）Most people prefer (take) a walk rather than stay at home on a sunny afternoon. 26．（2025·西藏日喀则·一模）The seat belts can protect both drivers and passengers from (be) hurt when the car stops suddenly. 27．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模） (stay) calm is hard, but it can save your life in an earthquake. 28．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）The policeman warned the man (not drive) after drinking. 29．（2025·云南昆明·一模）The Smiths are considering (buy) a new car. 30．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）Why don’t you feel like (eat) lunch? 31．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）The sea will (pollute) if people keep throwing wastes into it. 32．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）We are always (encourage) to develop a habit of deep thinking by our teachers. 33．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）The difficult problem (solve) by the experienced teacher in the class yesterday. 34．（2025·西藏日喀则·一模）Twenty-seven people have (punish) by the Ministry of Education (教育部) for textbook illustrations. (教材插图) 35．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）Some buildings (built) next year. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 八下核心语法复习一 （非谓语动词之to do& doing、被动语态） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：即学即练强化效果，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 动词不定式的形式 )非谓语动词一：动词不定式 动词不定式的形式：to＋动词原形(有时可以省略to)；否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”。 例句：My mom asks me to clean the room every day. The teacher tells us not to waste water and electricity. I often see him read books in the library. 1．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。 考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。 2.（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·二模）My mother asked me ________ computer games before finishing my homework. A．not play B．not to play C．don’t play D．not playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈叫我完成作业之前不要玩电脑游戏。 考查动词不定式的否定。not play不玩；not to play不玩；don’t play不玩；not playing不玩。根据“My mother asked me...computer games before finishing my homework.”可知，此处考查固定搭配：ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”，故选B。 ( 考点 二 动词不定式的句法功能 ) 一、句法功能总览 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。句中可以作宾语、 宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语和表语等。 功能 用法 例句 作主语 ①不定式作主语时，可置句首。 ②如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。 To learn English well is important.  ＝ It is important to learn English well.  作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Lakes.  作表语 常位于be动词后。 Her dream is to be a doctor. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.  作状语  一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.(作目的状语) Paul is too excited to say anything.(作结果状语) I’m so glad to see you.(作原因状语) 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语(如果是不及物动词，则需加介词) I have a lot of books to read.  Please give me some paper to write on. I have a chance to go abroad. 二、句法功能详解 1.动词不定式作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作主语通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 It’s important to have good habits. 养成好习惯很重要的。 (2)it作形式主语, 动词不定式作主语的常见句型 句型 例句 It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……的。 It was hard for him to learn English well. =To learn English well was hard for him. 对他来说学好英语太难了。 It is/was+adj.+to do sth.做某事是……的。 It's not easy to pass the exam. (=To pass the exam is not easy.) 通过考试不容易。 It is/was+n .+to do sth. 做某事是…… It is my pleasure to help you.帮助你是我的荣幸。 It's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的义务。 it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 某人花多长时间做某事 It took me three hours to repair the TV set. 我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。 It's time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 It's time to go to school. 是时候上学了。 注意： 1.有些动词(advise, ask,show,teach,tell等),其后可以接双宾语。 2.有些疑问词(组) (what,which,whose,how many,how much等),其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 3.在“疑问词+不定式”结构前，有时也可以是形容词(sure,clear等)。 4.所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。 1.It is kind ________ you to help me clean my house. It must take you a long time ________ here. A．of; getting B．of; to get C．for; to get D．for; getting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你帮我打扫房子真是太好了。你到这儿一定要花很长时间。 考查it固定句型和非谓语动词。it is adj. of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是……的，形容词形容人的品质；it is adj. for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是……的，形容词形容做的事情。根据“It is kind...you...”可知此处kind是人的品质，用介词of；it takes sb. time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。故选B。 2. It is always a good idea _________ your hands each time before you leave the lab. A．wash B．washing C．to wash D．washed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每次离开实验室前洗手总是一个好主意。 考查动词不定式。It is +名词+动词不定式，表示“做某事是……”，动词不定式作形式主语，to wash动词不定式结构，故选C。 3．（2025·云南楚雄·一模）AI technologies have found their ways into our daily lives, so it’s necessary for us ________ them well. A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learned 【答案】A 【详解】句意：人工智能技术已经找到了进入我们日常生活的方式，所以我们有必要学好它们。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句式“It’s+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”。故选A。 2.动词不定式作宾语 (1)动词不定式作宾语的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式作及物动词的宾语。动词不定式作宾语且有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语 (动词不定式)后置。 I forgot to bring the key to my house. 我忘记带家里的钥匙了。 动词不定式作介词的宾语，不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语，而是需要与疑问词构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。 They are talking about how to solve the problem. 他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。 (2)常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 would like 想要 like 喜欢 want 想要 plan 计划 offer 提供 wish 希望 pretend 假装 hope 希望 forget 忘记 learn 学习 agree 同意 need 需要 expect 期望 promise 承诺 afford 承担得起 manage 完成 try 努力 help 帮助 start 开始 begin 开始 prepare 准备 choose 选择 助记口诀： 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词 需要拒绝莫忘记，(need、refuse、forget) 想要学习就努力，(want、learn、try) 希望帮助并同意，(hope/wish、help、agree) 喜欢决定后开始。(like、decide、begin) 1.— David, remember _______ me when you arrive in Hainan. — Ok, I will. A．calling B．call C．calls D．to call 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大卫，你到海南的时候记得给我打电话。——好的，我会的。 考查非谓语动词。calling打电话，现在分词或动名词；call原形；calls三单形式；to call不定式。remember to do sth“记得做某事（还未做）”；remember doing sth“记得做某事（已做）”。根据“when you arrive in Hainan”可知，打电话的动作还没有发生，应用remember to do sth。故选D。 2.Many students found ________ quite difficult ________ a script based on the texts we learned. A．it; writing B．it’s; to write C．it’s; writing D．it; to write 【答案】D 【详解】句意：许多学生发现很难根据我们所学的课文写一个剧本。 考查代词it和动词不定式作宾语。find it adj. to do sth 觉得做某事……，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，故选D。 3.动词不定式作宾语补足语 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法 用法 例句 多数及物动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语(动词+宾语+动词不定式)。 My mother asks me to eat fruit every day. 我妈妈让我每天都吃水果。 (2)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词 allow允许 order命令 teach教 warn警告 ask要求 decide决定 tell告诉 encourage鼓励 invite邀请 want想要 advise建议 expect期望 wish希望 force强迫 would like想要 1.Our English teacher encourages each of us ________ English loudly. A．speak B．speaks C．to speak D．speaking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师鼓励我们每个人大声说英语。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，是固定用法，所以空处用动词不定式。故选C。 2.My computer is broken, I’m going to ask a computer engineer ________ it tomorrow. A．to check B．checked C．check D．checking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的电脑坏了，我打算明天请一位电脑工程师来检查一下。 考查动词不定式。to check去检查，动词不定式；checked检查过的，过去式和过去分词；check检查，动词原形；checking正在检查，动名词或现在分词。根据“My computer is broken, I'm going to ask a computer engineer...it tomorrow.”可知，句中“ask sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”。在句中，“ask a computer engineer”后面需要接动词不定式“to check”，表示“请电脑工程师去检查”。故选A。 3.My mother allows me ________ the Internet for half an hour every weekend. A．surfing B．to surf C．to surfing D．surf 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈允许我每个周末上网半小时。 考查非谓语动词。根据“allows me”可知考查allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”。故选B。 4.动词不定式作状语的用法 用法 例句 作目的状语(表示某一动作或状态的目的)。既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。表示“为了……，以便……”。 Tom trained hard to improve his basketball skills. =To improve his basketball skills, Tom trained hard. 汤姆刻苦训练以便提高自己的篮球技能。 作结果状语，常用的结构有so...as to do sth.(如此 ……以至于做某事)、enough to do sth.(足够……能够做某事)、too...to do sth.(太……而不能做某事)、only to do(不料，竟然)。 He isn't strong enough to lift the box. 他不够强壮，提不起这个箱子。 作原因状语，通常用于sorry,surprised,glad等表示情感的形容词后，常用的结构有be glad/sad /happy/sorry /pleased /surprised/ disappointed/delighted/shocked to do sth.。 I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 知识拓展： 作结果状语，有的结构可以同义转换： 1.too...to do sth...结构还可以转换为“so...that +主语+ can't/ couldn't do sth.”句型。 He was too clever to make such stupid mistakes. →He was so clever that he couldn't make such stupid mistakes. 他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。 2...enough to do sth.结构也可以转换为“so...that+主语+can/could do sth.”句型。 The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. →The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. 这个女孩太高了，她能够到树上的苹果。 口诀助记： 不定式，用作状 “目的”、“结果”两最忙; “形表”之后也出现，表示“原因”记心上。 1.My mother was very happy ________ me when I won the game. A．see B．seeing C．to see D．saw 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我赢得比赛时，我的妈妈看到我非常高兴。 考查非谓语动词。see看见（动词原形）；seeing看见（现在分词）；to see看见（动词不定式）；saw看见（过去式）。“be happy to do sth.”表示“很高兴做某事”，所以用“to see”，此处表示“看到我时很高兴”，用动词不定式to see作原因状语。故选C。 2.Mike says he will try his best ________ me with English. A．help B．helps C．to help D．helping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克说他会尽最大努力帮助我学习英语。 考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故选C。 3.________ water, turn off the tap after washing your hands. A．Save B．Saving C．Saved D．To save 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了节约用水，洗完你的手后关掉水龙头。 考查非谓语动词。Save节约，动词原形；Saving节约，现在分词/动名词形式；Saved节约，过去式/过去分词；To save为了节约，动词不定式。分析句子可知，“turn off the tap after washing your hands”的目的是“节约用水”，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选D。 4.The thinking training courses are ________ difficult for us ________ understand. A．so; that B．too; to C．to; to D．such; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：思维训练课程对我们来说太难理解了。 考查短语辨析。so…that如此……以至于，so后接形容词或副词；too…to太……而不能；to到；such…that如此……以至于，其中such后接名词或名词短语。根据“are…difficult for us…understand.”可知，此处表达“对某人来说太难而不能理解”，too…to符合语境。故选B。 5.动词不定式作定语 用法 示例 动词不定式作定语时(一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后), 相当于定语从句。常见的能跟动词不定式作定语的名词有ability、attempt、chance、decision、effort、need、plan、time等 。 It was a difficult decision to make. 这是个很难作出的决定。 如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。 I want some paper to write on . 我想要一些写字的纸。 当动词不定式所修饰的名词是time、place或way时，动词不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。 The library is a good place to study. 图书馆是一个学习的好地方。 (动宾关系：live不及物加介词in) 动词不定式常放在something、anything、nothing等复合不定代词的后面，作后置定语。如果复合不定代词还有形容词修饰，顺序是“something/anything/nothing...+形容词+动词不定式”。 Do you have anything important to say? 你有什么重要的话要说吗？ 知识拓展： 动词不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可表示某一过去的特定动作。 1．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—It’s too hot today. Would you like something ________? —Yes, please. I’d like some iced tea. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drunk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天太热了。你想喝点什么吗？——是的。我想要一些冰茶。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Would you like something...?”和选项可知，此处应用动词不定式to drink作后置定语修饰复合不定代词something。故选B。 2．At present my family has enough rooms ___________. A．for live B．living in C．to live in D．living 【答案】C 【详解】句意：目前我家有足够的房间住。 考查非谓语动词。live in“居住在”，动词短语；根据“has enough rooms”可知，此处是指有足够用来居住的房间，应用动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词“rooms”，即enough rooms to live in。故选C。 3.What is the best way ________ out the math problem? A．work B．working C．to work D．to working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：解决这道数学题的最好方法是什么？ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，根据“What is the best way…out the math problem?”的语境可知，此处用不定式结构，作后置定语，修饰“the best way”。故选C。 6.动词不定式作表语 用法 例句 动词不定式可跟在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。 Her ambition was to be a teacher. 她的志向是当一名老师。 动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。 My dream is to be a famous pianist. =To be a famous pianist is my dream. 我的梦想是成为一名著名的钢琴家。 1.Tom’s second job was ________ the cows. A．milk B．milking C．milks D．to milk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Tom的第二份工作是挤牛奶。 考查非谓语动词。milk作动词，意为“挤奶”，分析句子结构可知，系动词was后作表语，表示Tom的工作是什么，应用动名词milking，milking the cows“挤牛奶”。故选B。 2.My sister’s hobby is ________ books. A．read B．reads C．reading D．to reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妹妹的爱好是读书。 考查非谓语动词。根据“My sister’s hobby is…”可知句中已有谓语动词，此处用动名词作表语。故选C。 7. 动词不定式作独立成分 (1)动词不定式作独立成分的用法 用法 例句 动词不定式还可用作独立成分，用于表示说话人的观点或态度。常用的动词不定式短语有:to be honest老实说；to begin/start with首先；to tell (you) the truth说实话。 To be honest,we don;t like him very much. 老实说，我们不太喜欢他。 (2)常见的作独立成分的动词不定式 to be honest 老实说 to tell you the truth 说实话 to begin/start with 首先 to be frank 坦白说 to speak frankly 坦诚地说 to conclude 最后；总而言之 ( 考点 三 “特殊 疑问词+动词不定式 ” 结构 ) 疑问代词who、whom、what、which和疑问副词when、how、where放在动词不定式前，构成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 结构 功能 例句 疑问词＋动词不定式 作主语 When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 作宾语 I haven't decided yet when to leave. 作表语 The question is where to find water. 注意：该句型可与宾语从句互换。例如： Can you tell me where to buy the scarf ? = Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf ? 你能告诉我在哪里买围巾吗? 1.（2025·江苏徐州·二模）—Children’s Day is coming. I haven’t decide ________ for little son. —Perhaps a model plane is a perfect present. It’s his favourite. A．what to buy B．where to buy C．when to buy D．how to buy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——儿童节快到了。我还没决定给小儿子买什么。——也许一个模型飞机是一个完美的礼物。这是他的最爱。 考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式表达。what to buy买什么；where to buy去哪里买；when to buy什么时候买；how to buy如何买。根据回答“Perhaps a model plane is a perfect present.”可知，此处表示“买什么”，故选A。 2．（2025·江苏泰州·一模）My cousin plans to go on a trip to Qin Lake National Wetland Park with his family on May 1st. But he hasn’t decided ________. A．when to visit it B．how to get there C．who to go with D．where to go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我表弟打算在5月1日和他的家人去溱湖国家湿地公园旅游。但他还没有决定怎么去那里。 考查疑问词+动词不定式。when to visit it什么时候去；how to get there怎么去；who to go with和谁一起去；where to go去哪里。根据“My cousin plans to go on a trip to Qin Lake National Wetland Park with his family on May 1st. But he hasn’t decided ….”可知，表弟已确定去的时间、地点与同行者，唯一未明确的是交通方式。故选B。 ( 考点 四 省略to的不定式 ) 用法 例句 ①在感官动词及使役动词作宾语补足语时，后接不带to的动词不定式，但被动语态中，需要还原to。 一感： feel 二听： listen to，hear 三让： let，have，make 四看： watch，see，look at，notice I see him read in the library. (主动语态) He is seen to read in the library. 我看见他在图书馆看书。(被动语态) ②why (not)...后省略to的情况。 Why not ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师? ③在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式可以省略to。 I helped him (to) repair his bike.我帮他修自行车。 ④but、except之前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后通常省略动词不定式符号 to,否则要带to。 I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。 He could do nothing but study hard. 他除了好好学习以外别无他法。 ⑤在并列结构中，为了避免重复，可省略后一个动词不定式符号to。但两个动词不定式有对照或对比的意义时，后一个to 不能省略。 I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责骂你，而是赞扬你。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. 她叫孩子待在那里，等她回来。 主语部分含有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。 The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 What I'll do is (to) tell her the truth.我要做的就是告诉她真相。 1.She missed the bus. It made her ________ for an hour for the next one. A．wait B．waited C．waiting D．to wait 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她错过了公交车。这让她为下一班车等了一个小时。 考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth表示“使某人做某事”，故选A。 2.My brother often helps me ________ my math problems. A．solve B．solves C．solving D．to solving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我哥哥经常帮我解决数学问题。 考查非谓语动词。根据“My brother often helps me …my math problems.”可知，此处为固定短语help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，应用不带to的不定式作宾补。故选A。 3.（2024·上海·模拟预测）My mother had me ________ all the homework at the beginning of the holiday. A．to finish B．finished C．finishing D．finish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈让我在假期一开始就完成所有的家庭作业。 考查动词形式辨析。to finish动词不定式；finished过去分词；finishing现在分词；finish动词原形。have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，后需跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 ( 考点 五 动词不定式的特殊 结构和句型 ) 用法 例句 too...to... 太……而不能…… The girl is too young to look after herself. 那个女孩太小而不能照顾他自己。 Why don't you +动词原形?=Why not +不带to的不定式? 为什么不……呢? Why don't you get her a photo album? = Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢? ...enough to... 足够……可以…… Tom is old enough to go to school. 汤姆足够大了,可以去上学了。 had better ( not)+不带to的不定式 最好(不要)做某事 You'd better do your homework carefully today. 你今天最好认真做作业。 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事也不做某事 I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping. 我宁愿待在家里也不去购物。 1.（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）My grandparents don’t want to go on trips. They prefer ________ at home rather than ________ out. A．stay; to go B．stay; go C．to stay; to go D．to stay; go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的祖父母不想去旅行。他们宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。 考查动词短语。根据句子可知，此处是一个常用英文表达prefer to do sth rather than do sth“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一件事”。故选D。 2.The boy is ________ short ________ the book on the shelf. A．too; reach B．too; to reach C．to; to get D．too; not to get 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个男孩太矮了，够不到架子上的书。 考查固定搭配。too...to...“太……而不能……”，为固定搭配，排除选项A和C；根据“The boy is...short...the book on the shelf.”可知，此处指男孩太矮了而不能够到架子上的书，第二空应用to reach，选项D双重否定表肯定不符合句意。故选B。 非谓语动词之动名词（doing） ( 考点 一一、一 动名词的形式 ) 动名词的形式：动词原形＋­ing；否定形式为“not＋动词原形＋-ing” Swimming is my hobby. 游泳是我的爱好。 Do you mind turning down the radio? 你介意把收音机音量调低点吗？ 1.I think ________ is good for our health. A．walk B．walks C．walking D．walked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为散步对健康有益。 考查动名词作主语的用法。walk步行，动词原形；walks步行，第三人称单数形式；walking步行，现在分词或动名词形式；walked步行，过去式或过去分词形式。空格处需填入名词性成分作从句主语，“walking”是动名词，具有名词性质可作主语。故选C。 2.We suggest parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not to leave B．leaving C．not leaving D．to leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了让孩子们远离危险，我们建议父母们不要留孩子们独自在家。 考查非谓语动词。suggest后应跟动名词形式，根据“in order to keep them away from danger”可知，此处是建议父母不要让孩子自己待在家中，应用动名词的否定式。故选C。 ( 考点 二一、一 动名词的句法功能 ) 成分 用法 例句 作主语 动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作，有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。 宾语 ①动名词既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。 I like listening to English songs. 我喜欢听英文歌。 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 ②动名词作宾语时，若后接宾语补足语，常用形式宾语it。常用句型： It’s no use/no good/no point doing sth. 做某事没有用、没好处... Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter. 莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。 作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is planting flowers. =Planting flowers is his hobby.他的业余爱好是种花。 作定语 说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于被修饰词之前。 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people. 这个会议室太小，容纳不了30人。 易错点： 不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换，但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身；动名词作主语所表示的动作比较抽象，时间概念不强调事情本身；有时也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。 ( 考点 三一、一 后接动名词作宾语的常考动词 ) avoid避免 consider考虑 mind介意 finish完成 imagine想象 suggest建议 enjoy喜欢 keep坚持 practice练习 miss 错过 admit 承认、deny 否认 escape 逃避 ( 考点 四一、一 后接动名词作宾语的常考短语 句型 ) be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事 be interested in doing sth.你对做某事很感兴趣 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 have+(no)problem/difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.做某事(没)有困难 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 记忆口诀： 完成练习值得忙， (finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 继续习惯可放弃；(keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想，(consider/suggest/can't help,feel like) 喜欢错过要介意。(enjoy,miss,mind) ( 考点 五一、一 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词 ) stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 sth.need doing 某事需要被做 need to do sth.需要去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue doing sth.继续做同一件事 continue to do sth.继续做另一件事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事 1.________ early is good for your health. A．Get up B．Getting up C．To get up D．Gets up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：早起对你的健康有好处。 考查动名词用法。空处位于be动词is前，作主语，get up“起床”，用动名词形式。故选B。 2.When it’s raining, I don’t feel like ________ outside. A．go B．going C．to go D．to going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下雨的时候，我不想出去。 考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth.意为“想要做某事”，故选B。 2. After he finishes ________ the novel, he wants to watch TV. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看完小说后，他想看电视。 考查非谓语动词。根据“After he finishes …the novel, he wants to watch TV.”可知，此处为固定短语finish doing sth“完成某事”，应用动名词形式。故选B。 4.—What club do you want to join? —I want to join the ________ club. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想加入什么俱乐部？——我想加入游泳俱乐部。 考查非谓语动词。根据句式结构可知，该空应用动名词“swimming”，在句中做定语修饰名词“club”。故选C。 5.The ___________ machine is broken and we need to buy a new one. A．wash B．washed C．washing D．washes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：洗衣机坏了，我们需要买一台新的。 考查非谓语动词。结合选项和句中“machine”可知，此句说的是洗衣机，表达为“washing machine”，动名词作定语。故选C。 6.Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave. A．turn B．turning C．to turn D．to turning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你离开时，别忘记关电扇。 考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。根据“Don’t forget...off the fans when you leave.”可知，这里指离开时别忘记关电扇，动作还未做，应用动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 7.（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）The way which you have imagined ________ the problem is worth trying again. A．solving B．solves C．to solve D．have solved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你设想的解决这个问题的方法值得再尝试一次。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，which引导定语从句，从句是“which you have imagined...the problem”，imagine doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“设想/想象做某事”，因此动词需用-ing 形式。故选A。 8.I saw the girl ________ the floor when I passed the classroom. A．clean B．cleans C．to clean D．cleaning 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我经过教室时，看见那个女孩在打扫地板。 考查非谓语动词。根据“when I passed the classroom”并结合语境可知，此处指经过教室时，看见那个女孩在打扫地板，see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，是固定词组。故选D。 9.My father gave up ________ and he never regretted ________ that. A．smoking, doing B．smoking, to do C．to smoke, to do D．to smoke, doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的父亲戒烟了，并且他不后悔这么做。 考查非谓语动词。空一为give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”，故排除C和D；空二指不为做过的事情后悔，应用regret doing sth.“后悔做过某事”。故选A。 10.The boy enjoys ________ football for a long time after school. It makes his mother ________. A．playing, feel happy B．to play, feels happy C．playing, feels happy D．playing, feel happily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个男孩喜欢放学后长时间踢足球。这让他的妈妈感到高兴。 考查非谓语动词和形容词的用法。feel后常接形容词作表语，happily是副词，所以排除选项D；根据短语enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”可知，第一空应选playing；根据短语make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”可知，第二空应选feel happy。故选A。 1.I think he is __________ apples with us. Let him have a try. A．old enough picking B．enough old to pick C．old enough to pick D．enough old picking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为他年龄足够大，可以和我们一起摘苹果了。让他试试吧。 考查固定短语。“be + 形容词 + enough to do sth.”表示“足够……去做某事”，enough修饰形容词时要后置，所以是“old enough”；“to do sth.”是不定式作结果状语，说明足够大的结果是可以去摘苹果，所以用“to pick”。故选C。 2.（2024·上海·模拟预测）We should do what we can ________ those who needs help. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们所能去帮助那些需要帮助的人。 考查非谓语动词。这里can后省略了do；所以后面用不定式作目的状语。故选B。 3.（2025·上海·模拟预测）Ms. Li always makes her teaching plans attractive ________ her students. A．encourage B．encouraged C．encouraging D．to encourage 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李老师总是让她的教学计划对学生有吸引力。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。encourage是动词原形，意为“鼓励”；encouraged是过去式和过去分词形式；encouraging是现在分词或动名词形式；to encourage是动词不定式形式。根据语境可知，李老师让教学计划有吸引力的目的是鼓励她的学生，这里需要用动词不定式来表示目的，故选D。 4.The best time ________ your teeth is ten minutes after meals. A．brush B．to brush C．brushes D．to brushing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刷牙的最佳时间是饭后10分钟。 考查非谓语形式。brush动词原形；to brush动词不定式；brushes动词三单；to brushing介词to+动名词。固定短语the best time to do sth“做某事最佳时机”，故用to brush。故选B。 5.I think ______ to the tapes ______ a good way ______ English. A．to listen; is; learn B．listening; is; to learn C．listening; are; learn D．listen; are; learning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为听磁带是学习英语的一种好方式。 考查主谓一致。根据“I think...to the tapes...a good way...English.”可知，think后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，谓语动词用单数，应使用动名词形式；a way to do sth“做某事的方法”，应用动词不定式做后置定语，故选B。 6．（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测）China’s new TV show To the Wonder is worth ________. A．to watch B．watched C．watching D．watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国新电视剧《我的阿勒泰》值得一看。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“值得做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 7.My friend spent as much time as he could ________ his work, and the project he devoted himself ________ a big award at last. A．to do; winning B．to do; win C．doing; to win D．doing; to won 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我朋友花了尽可能多的时间做他的工作，最后，他致力于的项目赢得了一个大奖。 考查动词用法。第一个空格考查“spend time (in) doing sth”，所以第一个空格应填doing；后面句子的中心词是project“项目”，句子的主干是：项目赢得了大奖。project后面的句子“he devoted himself ”是个定语从句，来修饰project。devote oneself to“致力于”是固定搭配，句中的devoted是动词devote的过去式，可知是表示过去致力于的项目，句子属于一般过去时，故第二个空格应该用win的过去式won。故选D。 8. Would you mind ________ here? I’m doing my homework. A．not to sing B．to sing C．not singing D．sang 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请不要在这里唱歌好吗？我正在做作业。 考查非谓语动词用法。mind doing sth.表示“介意做某事”，固定结构，可排除A、B、D项。根据“I’m doing my homework.”可知，需用否定式not singing。故选C。 9.Do you mind _________ the window? A．my closing B．my close C．my closed D．me close 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你介意我打开窗户吗？ 考查非谓语动词。mind one’s doing sth.“介意某人做某事”，固定短语，故选A。 10.—Lucy, the spoon is used to ________ the soup. —Oh, I see. But I’m not used to ________ it. A．have; use B．having; using C．having; use D．have; using 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Lucy，汤勺是用来喝汤的。——哦，我明白了。但是我不习惯用它。 考查一般现在时被动语态和非谓语动词用法。have是动词原形；to have是动词不定式；having为动名词或现在分词；use使用，动词原形；using动名词。根据生活常识可知，汤勺是被用来喝汤的，第一句是被动语态，to后跟动词原形have；第二句的be used to意为“习惯于某事”，to是介词，后跟动名词，第二空用using，故选D。 11.（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家人正忙着为即将到来的春节装饰他们的客厅。 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，所以用动词ing形式，故选A。 12.（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Jack, remember ________ off the lights when you leave your bedroom. —OK, I will. A．turned B．turn C．turning D．to turn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——杰克，你离开卧室时记得关灯。 ——好的，我会的。 考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.记得去做某事，事情未做；remember doing sth.记得做过某事，事情已做。turn off表示“关灯”，根据“when you leave your bedroom”可知，灯还没有关，此处表示“要记得关灯”。故选D。 13.（2025·天津红桥·二模）In the eighteenth century a lot of musicians came ________ and work in Vienna. A．study B．to study C．studied D．studies 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在十八世纪，许多音乐家来到维也纳学习和工作。 考查to do不定式作目的状语。study学习，动词原形；to study学习，to do不定式；studied学习，动词过去式；studies学习，动词三单。根据“a lot of musicians came...and work in Vienna”可知，许多音乐家来到维也纳的目的是学习和工作，to do不定式作目的状语，故选B。 14.I often see little Tom ________ TV. Just now when I walked past his room, I saw him ________ TV again. A．watch; watching B．watching; watch C．watch; watch D．watching; watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我经常看见小汤姆看电视。刚才当我走过他的房间时，我又看见他在看电视。 考查动词用法。see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事”，用于目睹了全过程或者经常看到的情况； see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”。根据“often”可知，第一空描述经常发生的情况；第二空根据“Just now when…”可知，强调当时正在做。故选A。 15.We are going for a meeting tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure ________. A．why to start B．which to start C．what to start D．when to start 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们明天要去开会。我会打电话给温迪，确定什么时候开始。 考查动词不定式的用法。why to start为什么开始；which to start哪个开始；what to start开始什么；when to start什么时候开始。根据“We are going for a meeting tomorrow.”以及结合选项可知，此处指确定会议什么时候开始。故选D。 被动语态 ( 考点 一一、一 被动语态的定义 ) 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如： They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。 →The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。 主语the house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。 ( 考点 二一、一 各时态下的被动语态谓语结构 ) 被动语态由“系动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done This kind of bag is made in China. 这种包是在中国制造的。 一般过去时 was/were＋done He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China. 他发现当地商店里那么多产品都是中国制造的，这很有趣。 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋done The project will be finished in a month.这个项目将在一个月内完成。 含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年们应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。 现在完成时 have/has been done The homework has been finished by Jim.吉姆已经写完家庭作业了 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done A new road is being built outside my house.我家门口正在修一条新路。 过去进行时 was/ were+being+done The man was being questioned by the police.这个人当时正在被警察盘问。 ( 考点 三一、一 被动语态的句型 ) 一般来说，只有带宾语的及物动词才有被动语态。一般被动形式的否定式是在其肯定式中第一个助动词后加not；疑问式是将肯定式中第一个助动词提到主语前。具体如下： 句式 结构 以含be+done为例 肯定句 主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+过去分词(+by...)+其他. It was invented in 1893. 它在1893年被发明。 否定句 主语+be动词、助动词、情态动词+not+过去分词(+by...)+其他. Teenagers are not allowed to watch this TV show.青少年不被允许观看这个电视节目。 一般疑问句 be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他? Is this plate made of silver? 这个盘子时银制的吗? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be动词、助动词、情态动词 +主语+过去分词(+by...)+其他? What are these coats made of? 这些外套是由什么制成的? ( 考点 四一、一 主动句变被动句 ) 一般情况：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 特殊情况 ①双宾语： 情况一：若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语。 被动语态结构：主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 情况二：若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 被动语态结构：主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to/for+原间接宾语+by+宾语(原主语). 注意： 1.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring、give、send、show、take、pass、lend、 post、teach、write、throw、hand等。 2.主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带for的动词有：buy、cook、find、get、make、save 等。 ②还原“to”的被动语态： 在主动语态中有些感官动词(see，watch，hear，feel, notice等)和使役动词(have，let，make等)后使用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to还原，不定式为主语补足语，即hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. heard/seen to do sth.。 例如：We often hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。(主动语态) →He is often heard to play the guitar by us.(被动语态) ( 考点 五一、一 主动表被动及无被动的情况 ) （1）不及物动词（短语）无被动，如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。 The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。 （2）open, lock, write, read, sell，clean,burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，用于描述主语的特征或性质,，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 （3）look，sound，taste，smell，feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。 She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。 （4）want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 （5）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 1.The old radios require ________, so you’d better have them ________. A． to repair; repaired B．repairing; repaired C．to be repaired; repair D．to repairing; repaired 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这台旧收音机需要修理，所以你最好尽快把它修好。 考查非谓语动词。repair修理，动词原型；repairing修理，（repair现在分词或动名词）；repaired修理，（repair过去式和过去分词）。根据“The old radios require...”可知，应用“sth. require doing”或“sth. require to be done”表示“某事需要被……”，排除A、D；根据“have them...”可知，应用“have sth done”表示“让某事被做”，排除C。故选B。 2.—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——每年有相当多的濒危动物在自然公园受到保护。——太好了！动物是我们的朋友。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“every year”可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 3．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 4．（2024·安徽·中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。 考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系，结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选D。 5．（2025·上海·模拟预测）So far, 5G networks ________ in over 100 countries, improving speeds and reducing latency (延迟). A．are introduced B．were introduced C．have introduced D．have been introduced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到目前为止，5G 网络已在100 多个国家被引入，提升了速度并降低了延迟。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。are introduced被引入，一般现在时的被动语态 ；were introduced被引入，一般过去时的被动语态；have introduced已经引入，现在完成时的主动语态；have been introduced已经被引入，现在完成时的被动语态。根据“So far”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，且“5G networks（5G网络）”和“引入”之间是被动关系，即5G网络是被引入的，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 6．（2025·云南·模拟预测）In the future, more wildlife will ________ in the new nature park in Yunnan. A．protect B．be protecting C．be protected D．have protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：未来，在云南的新自然公园里，更多的野生动物将得到保护。 考查被动语态。根据“more wildlife”可知，句子主语与动词“保护”之间是被动关系，即野生动物是被保护的对象，要用被动语态，其结构是be+过去分词，空前有will，be动词用原形。故选C。 7．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）People who drink wine ________ to drive. It’s too dangerous. A．don’t allow B．mustn’t be allowed C．mustn’t allow D．are allowed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不能让喝酒的人开车。太危险了。 考查被动语态。根据“People who drink wine …to drive. It’s too dangerous.”可知，主语“People”与动词“allow”之间存在被动关系，句子需要用被动语态，结构为be done，且不被允许酒后开车，需用mustn’t表示“禁止”。故选B。 8.（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Cathy, you look upset. What’s the matter? —I was involved in a car accident last week and my car was destroyed. It needs __________ . A．be repaired B．to repair C．repairing D．repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯茜，你看起来很沮丧。怎么了？——我上周卷入了一场车祸，我的车被毁了。它需要修理。 考查非谓语动词。be repaired修理，被动形式；to repair动词不定式；repairing动名词或现在分词形式；repair修理，动词原形。根据“It needs”可知，此处考查need doing sth.“某事需要被做”。句子主语 “It” 指的是“车” ，车是需要被修理，所以应该用 “need repairing”。故选C。 9.This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A．feels, breaks B．is felt, breaks C．feels, is broken D．is felt, is broken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这种玻璃摸起来很硬，但很容易碎。 考查语态。feel摸起来；break破碎。feel作为感官动词时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，即 “某物摸起来……” 用“sth. feels + 形容词” 的结构，而不用被动语态，可排除BD选项； break在这里表示“易碎”，是不及物动词，其主动形式可以表示被动含义，常用来描述主语的性质或特征。故选A。 10.The new books ________ so well that they ________ out in all the shops. A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sold C．sell; are sold; D．sell; sell 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些新书卖得如此好以至于在所有的商店里都被卖光了。 考查动词的语态和主动表被动用法。“sell”这个词在表示“销售情况如何”时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，所以第一个空用“sell so well” ，描述新书的销售状况好；“sell out”表示“卖光”，主语“they”和“sell out”之间是被动关系，即“新书被卖光”，所以第二个空要用被动语态“are sold”。故选C。 11.The meeting ________ next Monday. A．will be happened B．will take place C．will be taken place D．will happen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：会议将于下周一举行。 考查动词辨析和无被动语态情况。take place常指(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生；happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的发生。happen和take place均不可用于被动语态，可先排除A、C两项；而此会议的举行是有计划的或预料之中会发生的事情，用take place。故选B。 1.There were lots of people at the street corner when the accident ________. A．was taken place B．has happened C．was happened D．happened 【答案】D 【详解】句意：事故发生时，街角有很多人。 考查一般过去时和动词辨析。happen发生；take place发生。两个动词都不用于被动语态，排除AC；根据“There were lots of people at the street corner”可知，句子是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。故选D。 2.Your car is very dirty. It needs ________. A．to wash B．to washing C．be washed D．washing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你的车很脏。它需要被清洗。 考查非谓语动词。need接动名词，表示被动意义，这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系，“need doing”可转换为“need to be done”结构，根据语境可知，此处指汽车需要被清洗。故选D。 3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）It ________ Jia Ling has become one of the most successful female directors. A．is turned out B．turns out C．is carried out D．carries out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：事实证明，贾玲已经成为最成功的女性电影导演之一。 考查语态和词组辨析。turn out结果是，证明是，不用被动；carry out执行。根据情境可知，此句表示“证明……事实”，应该使用“turn out”，且用主动语态。故选B。 4.The cakes in the restaurant ________, so they ________well. A．are tasted better; are sold B．are tasted well; sell C．taste nice; are sold D．taste nice; sell 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这家餐馆的蛋糕味道不错，所以卖得很好。 考查被动语态的用法。taste是系动词，没有被动形式，后面用形容词做表语；sell well表示物体本身的质量好而畅销，用主动表被动，也不能用被动语态。故选D。 5.Frank was made ________ in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning. A．stand B．stood C．to stand D．standing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Frank被要求站在教室前面分享他对英语学习的看法。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Frank was made ... in front of the classroom to share his opinions about English learning.”可知，make是使役动词，make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，变为被动语态，要还原to，即sb. be made to do sth.。故选C。 6．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）— Do you know how DeepSeek gets so smart? —Yes. It has a strong ability and ________ by training on lots of information. A．develops B．is developed C．was developed D．developed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道DeepSeek为何如此智能吗？ ——是的。它有很强的能力，并且通过大量信息训练被开发。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“It has a strong ability and...by training on lots of information.”可知，主语“It”与“开发”之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时态的被动语态，be动词用is。故选B。 7．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）—I feel too stressed to eat anything because I have met lots of difficulties. —Don’t worry. I believe all of them ________ in the end. A．are solving B．will solve C．will be solved D．were solved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我感到压力太大，什么也吃不下，因为我遇到了很多困难。——别担心。我相信最终所有问题都会得到解决。 考查时态和语态。主语“all of them”指代前文提到的困难，和谓语solve之间是被动关系，根据“I believe...in the end”可知此处表示将来的动作，故此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。 8．（2025·云南·模拟预测）The final decision on the volunteer program ________ next week. A．will announce B．is announced C．will be announced D．announces 【答案】C 【详解】句意：关于志愿者项目的最终决定将于下周宣布。 考查动词时态和语态。will announce将宣布，一般将来时主动语态；is announced一般现在时被动语态；will be announced一般将来时被动语态；announces一般现在时。句子的主语 “The final decision” 是动作 “announce”的承受者，所以需要使用被动语态。句中“next week” 表明动作将发生在将来，所以使用一般将来时。一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will be + 动词的过去分词”。故选C。 1．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，可排除BD选项；get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，可排除C选项。故选A。 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为在新年伊始制定新年计划是改善我们生活的好方法。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，think后接宾语从句，此空在从句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】D 【详解】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。 考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。 4．（2016·上海·中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：读完这个故事后，爱丽丝给校报写了一篇评论。 考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“完成做某事”，动名词作宾语，是固定表达。故选D。 5．（2022·西藏·中考真题）________ too much sweet food will make people get fat. A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate 【答案】A 【详解】句意：吃太多甜食会使人发胖。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。 6．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息，我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。 7．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，中秋节就要到了。你能告诉我给爷爷奶奶买什么吗？——你可以给他们买一些月饼、水果和鲜花。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据答语“You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.”可知，询问应该买什么，故选B。 8．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）______ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Keeps 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们学生每天在学校总是做早操。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，学生们在学校做早操的目的是为了保持健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings. A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达同样的感受。 考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式，故选B。 10.I could get the meaning by________ the conversations in the movies. A．to listen to B．listen to C．listening to D．to listening to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我可以通过听电影中的对话来理解意思。 考查动名词作介词宾语。by后接动名词形式，表示通过某种方式或手段，故需listening to“听”，故选C。 11．（23-24七年级下·江苏南京·期末）Now, it’s amazing that some British children enjoy ______ English with Chinese Hengshui-style at home. A．write B．writes C．to write D．writing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如今，令人惊奇的是，一些英国孩子喜欢在家里用衡水体写字。 考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，是固定搭配，故需动名词writing。故选D。 12.Your flat needs ________. Do you need me ________ it for you? A．to clean; to do B．cleaning; doing C．cleaning; to do D．to be cleaned; doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你的公寓需要打扫。你需要我帮你打扫吗？ 考查非谓语动词。第二空need后接不定式to do，need sb to do sth表示“需要某人做某事”，排除B和D；第一空，need后接动名词cleaning，sth need doing表示“某事需要被做”。故选C。 13.Chang An wins high praise from the public, so I think the film is worth ________ once again. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．being watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《长安三万里》赢得了公众的高度赞扬。我认为这部电影值得再看一次。 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定短语be worth doing“值得做某事”，空处用动名词形式，用主动表被动。故选C。 14.It stops their neighbours from ________ any sleep. A．not get B．get C．not getting D．getting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这会让他们的邻居无法入睡。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It stops their neighbours from…any sleep.”可知是指让他们的邻居无法入睡。stop sb. from doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选D。 15.She writes slowly so she has trouble ________ notes in class. A．taken B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她写得很慢，所以上课记笔记有困难。 考查非谓语动词。have trouble doing sth. “做某事有困难”，可知填动名词。故选B。 16．（2025·天津滨海新·二模）Our teacher asked us ________ the difficult problem in groups. A．discuss B．discussed C．to discuss D．discussing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们老师让我们分组讨论这个难题。 考查非谓语动词。discuss讨论，动词原形；discussed讨论，过去式/过去分词；to discuss讨论，动词不定式；discussing讨论，现在分词/动名词。ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 17．（2024·上海·模拟预测）My dream is ________ an engineer in 10 years’ time. A．become B．to become C．becomes D．became 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的梦想是在10年后成为一名工程师。 考查动词不定式的用法。be to do sth.“打算做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作表语，应用to become。故选B。 18.My parents often tell me ________ too much time playing computer games. A．not to spend B．to not spend C．don’t spend D．not spend 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父母经常告诉我不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 考查不定式否定结构。spend花费。tell sb. not to do是固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，用not to spend符合。故选A。 19.I think the best way ________ is through exercise. A．to relax B．relax C．relaxing D．relaxed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为放松的最好方式是锻炼。 考查非谓语动词。the best way to do something“做某事的最好方式”，其中不定式“to do”作后置定语。故选A。 20.Zhang Lei is a good student and he is always the first ________ school in his class. A．to get to B．get to C．gets to D．getting to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：张雷是个好学生，他在班上总是第一个到校。 考查非谓语动词。get to+地点，表示到达某地，此处是固定表达the first to do sth.“第一个做某事的人”，动词不定式作后置定语，故选A。 21.（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）Summer is coming. It’s dangerous for us ________ in the rivers or lakes. A．swim B．swam C．to swim D．swimming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：夏天即将来临。在河里或湖里游泳对我们来说是危险的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s dangerous for us”可知，此处考查固定句型it is+adj.+for sb to do sth“做某事对某人来说是……”，空处应填不定式作真正的主语。故选C。 22．（2025年天津市中考考前练习英语试题）We live in an information age, so we have more chances ________ ourselves. A．to improve B．improve C．improved D．improves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们生活在信息时代，因此我们有更多提升自我的机会。    考查非谓语动词。根据“so we have more chances ... ourselves.”可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词“chances”，表示“提升自我的机会”。故选A。 23．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆，连接泸州和重庆的高速铁路有望在今年建成。——太棒了！我很期待！ 考查动词时态及被动语态。主语the high-speed railway与动词complete之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，高铁被建成，应为被动语态。根据“this year hopefully”及“I’m looking forward to it!”可知，高铁建成发生在将来，故此处是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 24．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 25．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们学校的学生不允许单独在河里或湖里游泳。——确实。毕竟，安全必须放在第一位。 考查被动语态。结合语境，可知句子应用一般现在时。根据“to swim in the rivers or lakes alone”可知，此处表示学生不应该去河里或湖里游泳，主语Students“学生”与动词allow“允许”是被动关系。应用一般现在时态的被动语态。故选C。 26．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在中国文化中，猴年出生的孩子被认为很聪明。 考查时态和语态。句子主语是children，和谓语say之间是被动关系，用被动语态，be said to“据说”，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选D。 27.The ancient Chinese painting ________ the Tang Dynasty is now displayed in the museum. A．belongs to B．belonged to C．belonging to D．belong to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这幅中国唐代的古画现在陈列在博物馆里。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The ancient Chinese painting…the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“painting”，故选C。 28．I regret ________ I can’t help you with it. A．to say B．say C．to saying D．saying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我很遗憾地说我不能在这件事上帮你。 考查动词形式辨析。to say动词不定式；say动词原形；to saying表述错误；saying现在分词。regret to say是固定用法，意思是“遗憾地说”，强调提前告知不好的消息；regret doing sth.意思是“后悔做过某事”，强调对已经发生的行为感到后悔。故选A。 29．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）This kind of flower must ________ every day, or it will die. A．water B．be watered C．watering D．waters 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种花必须每天浇水，否则它会枯萎死亡。    考查被动语态。water（主动浇水）；be watered（被浇水）；watering（动名词形式）；waters（第三人称单数）。根据“This kind of flower must...”可知，主语“flower”与动词“water”之间存在被动关系，需用被动语态“be watered”，故选B。 30.（2025·云南·模拟预测）The new high-speed railway line ________ completed by the end of 2025. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这条新的高速铁路线将在2025年底前完工。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句中主语“The new high-speed railway line”和动词“complete”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“by the end of 2025”表示在将来某个时间点之前将完成的动作，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构是“will be done”。故选C。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Usually, paper cuttings (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals. 【答案】are put 【详解】句意：通常，在婚礼或节日里，剪纸被贴在墙上、窗户和门上。主语“paper cuttings”与动词put之间是被动关系，结合Usually可知，此处用一般现在时被动语态，主语是复数形式，助动词用are，故填are put。 2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“over 800 years ago”可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。 3．（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）—How can I become a successful person? —Well, you should remember that success is never by luck. (achieve) 【答案】achieved 【详解】句意：——我怎样才能成为一个成功的人？——好吧，你应该记住，成功从来都不是靠运气实现的。achieve“实现”，动词。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，结构是be done，故achieve用其过去分词形式。故填achieved。 4．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）The Olympic Games in Paris will be (hold) on July 26th, 2024. 【答案】held 【详解】句意：巴黎奥运会将在2024年7月26日举办。主语与hold之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态。hold的过去分词为held。故填held。 5．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Paper was (invent) in China during the Han Dynasty. 【答案】invented 【详解】句意：纸是在中国汉代发明的。invent“发明”，动词；主语“Paper”与动词之间是被动关系，需用被动语态“be done”。故填invented。 6．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）If salt is onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 【答案】spread 【详解】句意：如果把盐撒在冰上，冰点温度就会低于0℃。spread“传播，散开”，动词。此处指盐被撒到冰上，是被动语态，spread用其过去分词形式，其过去分词形式是spread。故填spread。 7．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can be (solve) in the end. 【答案】solved 【详解】句意：不管我们有多少困难，我相信所有的问题最终都能解决。主语“problems”是动作的承受者，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，用动词过去分词，故填solved。 8．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Teenagers should be allowed to get their ears (pierce). 【答案】pierced 【详解】句意：青少年应该被允许打耳洞。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词，此处ears和pierce之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词作宾补。故填pierced。 9．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）I pay attention to (listen) to the teacher in class. 【答案】listening 【详解】句意：我在课堂上专注于听老师讲课。pay attention to意为“注意”，其中to为介词，故此处应填动名词listening。故填listening。 10．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What is your plan for the weekend? —I plan (read) the book Red Star Over China (《红星照耀中国》). 【答案】to read 【详解】句意：——你周末有什么计划？——我打算读《红星照耀中国》这本书。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to read。 11．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）My sister has many hobbies, such as dancing and (sing). 【答案】singing 【详解】句意：我姐姐有很多爱好，比如跳舞和唱歌。and前后的动词形式一致，故此处用动名词singing“唱歌”，作宾语。故填singing。 12．（2024·西藏·中考真题）My grandparents enjoy (practice) Tai chi in the yard every morning. 【答案】practicing 【详解】句意：我的祖父母喜欢每天早上在院子里练太极。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填practicing。 13．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）He went to Lanzhou to (visit) Zhongshan Bridge. 【答案】visit 【详解】句意：他去兰州参观中山桥。visit“参观”，动词。他去兰州的目的是参观中山桥，此处用动词不定式表目的，故visit用其原形。故填visit。 14．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish) the science project. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：为了完成这个科学项目，孩子们在实验室里做了很多研究。finish“完成”，动词。此处指孩子们做很多研究的目的是为了完成科学项目，应用动词不定式表目的。故填to finish。 15．（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Many students have trouble with their parents. However, with a little hard work, they can learn to solve this problem. (communicate) 【答案】communicating 【详解】句意：许多学生很难与父母沟通。然而，只要付出一点努力，他们就能学会解决这个问题。communicate“沟通，交流”，动词。have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，动名词作宾语。故填communicating。 16．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）I enjoy (listen) to music in my spare time. 【答案】listening 【详解】句意：我在业余时间喜欢听音乐。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，为固定短语。故填listening。 17．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The Internet can be a useful tool, but don’t let it (take) up all of your time. 【答案】 take 【详解】句意：互联网可以是一个有用的工具，但不要让它占用你所有的时间。let...do sth“让……做某事”，此处用省略to的不定式，故填take。 18．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）Remember (give) me a call when you arrive at the airport. 【答案】to give 【详解】句意：你到机场时，记得给我打个电话。根据下文“when you arrive at the airport”可知，此处是说话者提醒对方在到达机场时执行“打电话”的动作，强调“不要忘记未来要做的事”，应用remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”，固定搭配，所以这里应用动词不定式to give。故填to give。 19．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）After (wash) these clothes, you can put them outside. 【答案】washing 【详解】句意：洗完这些衣服后，你可以把它们放在外面。after是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填washing。 20．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）David refused (go) to the concert with me because he had to prepare for the exam. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：大卫拒绝和我去听音乐会，因为他要准备考试。根据“refused”可知，refuse to do sth意为“拒绝做某事”，此处用不定式作宾语。故填to go。 21．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）“I have difficulty (breathe). Set me free.” the young black man asked the police. 【答案】breathing 【详解】句意：“我呼吸困难。放我走。”这个年轻的黑人男子向警察请求道。根据“have difficulty (in) doing sth”固定搭配可知，此处应使用动名词形式，表示“做某事有困难”。故填breathing。 22．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）She enjoys (listen) to music in her free time. 【答案】listening 【详解】句意：她喜欢在空闲时间听音乐。根据英文提示可知，“listen”意为“听”，这里考查“enjoy doing sth.”结构，即动词“enjoy”后接动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填listening。 23．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）Students planted many trees in the park (make) the environment more beautiful. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：学生们在公园里种了许多树，使环境更加美丽。根据题干可知，在公园里种了许多树是为了使环境更加美丽，应用动词不定式表目的。故填to make。 24．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）My parents often ask me (study) hard. 【答案】to study 【详解】句意： 我的父母经常要求我努力学习。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，为固定短语。故填to study。 25．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）Most people prefer (take) a walk rather than stay at home on a sunny afternoon. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：在阳光明媚的下午，大多数人更喜欢散步，而不是呆在家里。prefer to do sth“更喜欢做某事”，固定搭配，空处用不定式结构。故填to take。 26．（2025·西藏日喀则·一模）The seat belts can protect both drivers and passengers from (be) hurt when the car stops suddenly. 【答案】being 【详解】句意：安全带可以保护驾驶员和乘客在汽车突然停止时免受伤害。protect sb. from doing sth.“保护某人不做某事”，此处用be的动词-ing形式。故填being。 27．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模） (stay) calm is hard, but it can save your life in an earthquake. 【答案】Staying 【详解】句意：保持冷静很难，但它可以在地震中挽救你的生命。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动名词形式，作主语，句首首字母大写，应填Staying。故填Staying。 28．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）The policeman warned the man (not drive) after drinking. 【答案】not to drive 【详解】句意：警察警告那个人不要酒后开车。根据“after drinking”可推知，此处表示“警察警告那个人不要酒后开车”；结合短语warn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”可知，空处应填not to drive。故填not to drive。 29．（2025·云南昆明·一模）The Smiths are considering (buy) a new car. 【答案】buying 【详解】句意：史密斯一家正在考虑买一辆新车。根据“considering”可知，横线处需填动名词形式，consider doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”。buy“买”，动词，其动名词形式为buying。故填buying。 30．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）Why don’t you feel like (eat) lunch? 【答案】eating 【详解】句意：你为什么不想吃午饭？feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动名词。故填eating。 31．（2025·甘肃陇南·二模）The sea will (pollute) if people keep throwing wastes into it. 【答案】be polluted 【详解】句意：如果人们不停地往海里扔垃圾，大海就会被污染。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，故此处主句用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，pollute的过去分词是polluted。故填be polluted。 32．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）We are always (encourage) to develop a habit of deep thinking by our teachers. 【答案】encouraged 【详解】句意：我们总是被我们老师鼓励去培养一个深度思考的习惯。根据“We are always ... to develop a habit of deep thinking by our teachers.”和所给单词可知，encourage和we构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用被动语态，横线处应用过去分词的形式。故填encouraged。 33．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）The difficult problem (solve) by the experienced teacher in the class yesterday. 【答案】was solved 【详解】句意：昨天班上经验丰富的老师解决了这个难题。根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语“The difficult problem”与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，应填was solved。故填was solved。 34．（2025·西藏日喀则·一模）Twenty-seven people have (punish) by the Ministry of Education (教育部) for textbook illustrations. (教材插图) 【答案】been punished 【详解】句意：27人因教材插图问题已被教育部处罚。Twenty-seven people 和punish之间是被动关系，即人是被惩罚的对象，需用被动语态；“have+过去分词”是现在完成时的结构，这里表示过去发生的“被惩罚”这件事对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为“have/has been+过去分词”。punish的过去分词是punished。故填been punished。 35．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）Some buildings (built) next year. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意：明年将建造一些建筑物。built“建造”，主语Some buildings与谓语之间是动宾关系，且由“next year”可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态（will be done）。故填will be built。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$