第05讲 阅读理解(题型策略与技能自学1)-【暑假自学课】2025年新六年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(鲁教版五四制2024)

第05讲 阅读理解(题型策略与技能自学1) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练题型：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语篇类型 语篇类型一：记叙文（Narrative） 记叙文具有独特的特征。它以时间为贯穿始终的线索，如同一条无形的丝线，将整个故事串联起来。在记叙文当中，必定会包含人物，这些人物是故事的核心主体，他们的性格、行为与决策推动着故事的发展。同时，事件是记叙文的重要组成部分，它是人物活动的具体呈现，包含了各种起因、经过与结果。而情节发展则是事件的动态演变过程，从故事的开端，逐步进入发展、高潮，直至结局，情节的起伏变化紧紧抓住读者的心。此外，情感表达也是记叙文不可或缺的元素，作者通过对人物、事件与情节的描述，传递出各种各样丰富的情感，或喜悦、或悲伤、或愤怒、或感动等，让读者能够深切地感受到作者想要传达的情感世界。在语言风格上，记叙文往往生动形象，能够通过细腻的描写，如对人物外貌、心理的刻画，对环境的描绘等，让读者仿佛身临其境。并且，为了契合叙述过去发生之事的情境，记叙文常常使用过去时态来展开叙述。 【阅读语段】 Last Tuesday, Mike found a lost wallet on the school playground. He opened it and saw an ID card with the name "Lucy". Mike went to the school office and asked the teacher for help. They called Lucy’s parents, and she came to pick up the wallet. Lucy thanked Mike and gave him a small gift. Mike felt happy because he helped someone. [语段分析] 主题：乐于助人的美德。 结构：按时间顺序展开（发现钱包→寻找失主→归还钱包→情感反馈），结尾点明主题。 语篇类型二：说明文（Expository） 说明文的显著特征在于，它以客观的视角对事物的特征、原理或者过程展开阐述说明。在表达上，其语言追求简洁明了，力求用精炼的语句准确传达信息。并且，为了使说明的内容条理更为清晰，逻辑更为连贯，常使用诸如 “first（首先）”“next（接下来）”“finally（最后）” 这类逻辑连接词，借助它们将说明的各个部分有序地串联起来，帮助读者能够更顺畅地理解相关内容。 【阅读语段】 Making a sandwich is a relatively straightforward process. To begin with, the initial step involves taking two slices of bread. These can be any type of bread you prefer, whether it's white bread, whole - wheat bread, or perhaps a crusty baguette slice. Next, grab some butter. Gently spread the butter evenly on both of the bread slices. This not only adds a rich flavor but also helps prevent the bread from getting soggy. Then, it's time to add the filling. You can include ingredients like ham, which provides a savory and meaty element. Alongside the ham, add some cheese. The cheese could be cheddar for a sharp taste, or mozzarella for a more mild and stretchy texture. Additionally, throw in some vegetables such as lettuce, tomato, or cucumber. These vegetables bring in freshness and a crunch. Finally, once all the ingredients are in place, carefully put the two slices of bread together. Voila! Now you have a delicious sandwich that you can enjoy for a quick snack or a light meal. [语段分析] 主题：该文章主要阐述了制作三明治的具体步骤。 结构：文章整体按照 “总 - 分” 结构进行展开。开篇首句 “Making a sandwich is easy.” 直接点明主题，即制作三明治这件事。随后，通过 “first, next, then, finally” 这一系列的连接词，分步骤详细地说明了制作三明治从准备面包、涂抹黄油到添加馅料以及最后组合面包片的整个过程。 语篇类型三：应用文（Practical Writing） 应用文主要是以向特定对象准确、有效地传递信息为核心目的。它具有鲜明的格式规范性，这种固定格式是在长期的使用过程中逐渐形成并被广泛认可的，以确保信息传递的清晰与准确。同时，它必定会包含一些至关重要的关键信息，比如时间，明确活动开展、事务执行等的具体时刻；地点，指出事件发生或相关活动进行的具体场所；还有联系方式，方便信息接收者与相关方取得进一步联系，以完成信息交流或后续事务。 【阅读语段】 School Trip Notice Dear Students, We will have a school trip to the zoo this Friday. Meet at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. Bring your lunch and water. Wear comfortable shoes. For more information, contact Mr. Wang at 138-XXXX-XXXX. School Office [语段分析] 主题：学校动物园旅行的通知。 结构：标题→正文（时间、地点、注意事项）→联系方式→落款。 语篇类型四：图表类（Graph/Poster） 此类信息呈现方式具有鲜明的特征，主要借助表格、海报等可视化手段来展示各种信息。其显著特点在于语言表述极为简洁，不会进行冗长复杂的阐述，而是以最为精炼的文字传达关键要点。同时，数据之间的对比十分明显，能够让观者迅速直观地捕捉到不同数据之间的差异、趋势等重要信息，从而快速理解相关内容所表达的核心意义。 【阅读语段】 School Clubs Poster Club Name Meeting Time Activity Art Club Mondays 3:00 p.m. Draw and paint Music Club Wednesdays 4:00 p.m. Sing and play instruments Science Club Fridays 2:30 p.m. Do experiments [语段分析] 主题：学校俱乐部信息。 结构：以表格形式分栏展示俱乐部名称、时间和活动，便于快速查找信息。 语篇类型五：对话类（Dialogue） 这一类型的显著特征在于，它主要借助人物之间的对话来徐徐展开故事情节。通过这样的方式，生动地反映出各种日常交流场景，仿佛将生活中的片段真实地呈现在读者面前。在语言表达方面，具有明显的口语化特点，使用的都是人们日常交流中自然、随意的语言。同时，对话类内容中会包含大量的直接引语，让读者能够直观地感受到人物的语气、态度以及他们所表达的观点，使得整个情节更加鲜活、生动。 【阅读语段】 （At the Bookstore） Shopkeeper: Can I help you? Tom: Yes, I’m looking for a book about space. Shopkeeper: We have two new books. This one is for children, and that one is for teenagers. Tom: I’m 12. Which one should I choose? Shopkeeper: The first one is more suitable. It has colorful pictures. Tom: Okay, I’ll take it. Thank you. [语段分析] 主题：在书店选购书籍的对话。 结构：以问答形式推进，解决 “选择哪本书” 的问题，结尾达成购买决定。 语篇类型六：议论文（Argumentative） 议论文具有鲜明的特征，它着重于清晰地表达作者的观点，并且通过一系列具有说服力的论据来支撑该观点。在结构方面，其通常遵循 “论点 - 论据 - 结论” 这样严谨且有条理的模式。首先，明确提出论点，即作者想要阐述的核心观点，这是整个文章论述的方向和基础。接着，运用丰富多样的论据来对论点进行论证，这些论据可以是事实、数据、事例、专家观点等，通过详细的阐述和合理的逻辑推导，使论点更具可信度。最后，基于前面的论述得出结论，再次强调论点的正确性和合理性，给读者留下清晰而深刻的印象。其语言风格严谨，力求用词准确、逻辑严密，以避免产生歧义，从而有力地传达作者的思想和观点。 【阅读语段】 Reading stands as an absolutely essential element in the process of learning. To begin with, one of the most significant benefits of reading is its ability to enhance vocabulary. As we delve into various written materials, whether they are novels, academic papers, or even newspaper articles, we come across a wide array of words that we might not encounter in our daily conversations. This exposure gradually enriches our word bank, enabling us to express ourselves more precisely and effectively. Secondly, reading serves as a window to the world, helping us gain a profound understanding of different cultures. Through books, we can travel to far - off lands, experience the traditions, values, and lifestyles of people from diverse backgrounds. We can learn about the unique customs of an ancient civilization or the modern - day social norms of a foreign country, all from the comfort of our own homes. Thirdly, reading plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking skills. When we read, especially when engaging with fictional works, we are often required to analyze various elements. For instance, when we read a story, we might analyze the characters, their motives, and the relationships between them. This kind of analysis forces us to think deeply, question assumptions, and form our own opinions. In conclusion, considering these numerous benefits, it is highly advisable that students make reading a daily habit. By doing so, they can not only improve their academic performance but also become more well - rounded individuals. [语段分析] 主题：阅读的重要性。 结构：首句清晰地提出论点，强调阅读对于学习的重要性。中间部分分别以 “first, second, third” 为引导，详细列举了阅读在提升词汇量、增进对不同文化的理解以及培养批判性思维这三个方面的论据。每个论据都进行了适当展开，使论证更加充分。最后进行总结，得出学生应每天阅读的结论，与开头论点相呼应，整个文章结构完整、逻辑清晰。 语篇类型七：新闻报道（News Report） 新闻报道具有鲜明的特征。其时效性极为突出，这意味着新闻内容必须紧密贴合当下发生的事件，能够迅速且及时地将新近发生的事实传递给受众，时间的敏感度极高，一旦错过最佳发布时机，新闻的价值便会大打折扣。 在结构方面，它通常遵循 “导语 - 细节 - 背景” 这样的模式。导语作为新闻报道的开篇部分，以简洁明了的语言概括出新闻事件的核心要点，目的是在第一时间抓住受众的注意力，激发其继续阅读或收听、收看的兴趣。细节部分则是对新闻事件展开详细叙述，把事件发展过程中的具体情节、相关人物的行为等丰富内容呈现出来，使受众能够全面、深入地了解事件全貌。背景部分不可或缺，它为受众提供了理解新闻事件所必需的相关背景信息，比如事件发生的社会环境、历史渊源等，帮助受众更好地领会事件的意义和影响。 新闻报道的语言风格强调客观公正。在描述事件时，要秉持中立的态度，避免掺杂过多主观情感和个人偏见，确保所传达的信息真实可靠。并且，一篇完整的新闻报道必然包含事件本身，这是核心内容，同时还会明确给出事件发生的时间，精确到具体的年、月、日甚至时分秒，以及准确的地点，这些要素共同构成了新闻报道的基本框架，使受众能够对新闻事件有清晰、准确的认知。 【阅读语段】 Last Friday, our school organized a significant event - a charity sale with the noble aim of lending a helping hand to underprivileged children. During this event, students actively participated by selling a wide variety of handmade crafts. These crafts not only demonstrated the students' creativity but also their eagerness to contribute to a good cause. Through their efforts, an impressive sum of 5,000 yuan was raised. This hard - earned money is earmarked to purchase essential school supplies for those in need. Principal Li, deeply touched by the students' actions, commented, “I’m truly proud of the students’ kindness. Their willingness to give and make a difference reflects the spirit of our school.” [语段分析] 主题：学校举办慈善义卖活动，旨在帮助贫困儿童。 结构：(1)导语：以简洁的语言概括学校举办慈善义卖这一事件，点明活动目的是帮助贫困儿童。(2) 细节：详细阐述活动内容为学生售卖手工艺品，以及活动所取得的成果，即筹集到5000元并将用于购买学习用品。(3)背景：通过校长的评价，进一步凸显活动的意义以及学校对学生善举的认可，从侧面反映出学校的精神风貌。 语篇类型八：科普短文（Scientific Article） 科普短文主要致力于向读者介绍各类科学知识或者自然现象。其语言风格极为严谨，在阐述过程中会频繁涉及专业术语，以确保对科学内容表述的准确性和专业性。同时，为了让读者能够理解这些专业术语，会针对其进行详细的解释说明。在逻辑结构上，科普短文常常会运用因果关系来展开论述，通过清晰地阐述原因和结果，使读者更易于把握科学知识或现象背后的原理和内在联系，从而深入理解相关科学内容。 【阅读语段】 The water cycle is a fundamental and continuous natural process that plays a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystem. Initially, a vast amount of water evaporates from the expansive oceans. The heat from the sun causes the liquid water on the ocean surface to transform into water vapor, which then rises up into the atmosphere. Subsequently, as the water vapor ascends, it cools down. This cooling leads to the process of condensation, where the water vapor changes back into tiny liquid water droplets or ice crystals. These minute particles come together to form clouds. When the clouds become saturated and heavy with water, the water can no longer be held aloft, and it falls back to the Earth's surface in the form of rain. Once the rain hits the ground, a significant portion of this water runs off into rivers and streams. These water bodies act as channels, guiding the water back to the ocean, thus completing the cycle. [语段分析] 主题：水循环的过程。该文章围绕水循环这一自然现象，详细阐述其具体过程。 结构：按 “总 - 分” 结构展开，首句点明主题，后续用 “first, then” 分步骤说明。 语篇类型九：诗歌（Poem） 诗歌作为一种独特的文学体裁，具有诸多鲜明的特征。首先，其语言高度凝练，以极为简洁的文字，却能蕴含丰富的内涵，用最少的字词传递深刻的思想与情感。其次，诗歌富有韵律，这种韵律如同美妙的音符，让诗句读起来朗朗上口，给人以听觉上的享受。再者，诗歌擅长通过巧妙运用意象和比喻，将抽象的情感或深邃的哲理具象化，使读者能够更直观地感受与理解。此外，诗歌常常使用押韵和重复的手法，押韵能增强诗歌的节奏感与音乐美，而重复则可起到强调主题、深化情感等作用，使诗歌的表现力更为突出。 【阅读语段】 Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. [语段分析] 主题：对星星的赞美与好奇。 结构：四行一节，押 “AABB” 韵，通过比喻（like a diamond）表达情感。 语篇类型十：广告（Advertisement） 广告主要是以实现产品促销或者品牌宣传为核心目的。其语言风格往往极具吸引力，通过精心雕琢的文字，最大程度地吸引受众的注意力。在内容呈现上，会着重突出所推广产品或服务相较于其他竞品所具备的独特优势，比如产品的创新性功能、卓越的品质、超高的性价比，或是服务的优质、高效与个性化等。同时，广告通常还会包含各种促销信息，像限时折扣、满减优惠、赠品活动等，以此激发消费者的购买欲望，推动产品或服务的销售。 【阅读语段】 New Restaurant Opening Welcome to Sunny Café! Delicious burgers and fries Free ice cream for kids under 12 Open daily from 11:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Located at 123 Main Street [语段分析] 主题：餐厅开业宣传。 结构：标题→优势列举（食物、优惠）→营业时间→地址，突出吸引力。 结构分析 结构分析1：记叙文 【结构要素】关注时间线（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、情感变化（how）。 【语篇特征】以故事形式展开，包含情节发展和情感表达。 【分析策略】通过时间状语（如 last Saturday）、地点名词（如 park）、人物动作（如 helped）梳理事件脉络，从结尾情感词（如 happy, proud）推断主旨。 【阅读语段】 Last Sunday, Amy visited her grandma. They baked a cake together. First, they mixed flour and eggs. Then, Amy put the cake in the oven. When it was ready, they shared it with the family. Amy felt warm because of the time with her grandma. [语段分析] 时间线：Last Sunday → First → Then → When it was ready 情感变化：felt warm（通过家庭互动体现亲情主题） 典型试题：Why did Amy feel happy?（答案：Because she spent time with her grandma and shared the cake.） 结构分析2： 说明文 【结构要素】识别说明对象的特征或过程，注意 “first, next” 等逻辑词 【语篇特征】客观解释事物，常用步骤词或分类词（如 first, second; kinds, types）。 【分析策略】通过逻辑词定位说明顺序，抓住核心特征（如用途、原理）。 【阅读语段】 How to Plant a Tree: First, dig a hole in the ground. Next, put the tree into the hole and fill it with soil. Then, water the tree every day. Finally, wait for it to grow. [语段分析] 逻辑词：First → Next → Then → Finally（步骤顺序） 说明对象：种树的过程 典型试题：What should you do after digging the hole?（答案：Put the tree into the hole and fill it with soil.） 结构分析3：应用文 【结构要素】快速定位关键信息（时间、地点、联系方式），忽略冗余描述 【语篇特征】格式固定，包含通知、邀请等实用信息，语言简洁。 【分析策略】直接查找标题、加粗部分或表格中的时间（如 9:00 a.m.）、地点（如 school hall）、电话（如 138-XXXX）等。 【阅读语段】 School Sports Day Notice Date: June 20th Place: School Stadium Events: Running, jumping, relay races Contact: Mr. Li (lihua@school.com) [语段分析] 关键信息：Date/Place/Events/Contact（直接对应试题） 典型试题：Where will the Sports Day be held?（答案：In the school stadium.） 结构分析4：议论文 【结构要素】区分论点（如 “Reading is important”）和论据（如 “improves vocabulary”） 【语篇特征】提出观点并论证，结构为 “论点 - 论据 - 结论”。 【分析策略】首句或末句找论点，中间通过 for example, first 等词识别论据。 【阅读语段】 Reading books is good for us. First, it helps us learn new words. Second, we can know about different countries from books. So, every student should read a book every month. [语段分析] 论点：Reading books is good for us. 论据：First...new words; Second...different countries 典型试题：What is the main idea of the passage?（答案：Reading books is beneficial for students.） 结构分析5：诗歌 【结构要素】分析押韵规律和比喻手法，理解情感表达 【语篇特征】语言凝练，常用比喻（如 like a star）、拟人（如 wind sings）和押韵（如 star/are/high/sky）。 【分析策略】通过重复的韵脚（如 AABB 式）和比喻词（如 as, like）感受情感。 【阅读语段】 Twinkle, twinkle, little boat, Float, float, on the lake so calm. Like a light in the dark night, Guiding me, where I should go. [语段分析] 押韵：boat/calm; night/go（押 /əʊ/ 音） 比喻：little boat → 把船比作黑暗中的明灯 情感：宁静与指引（通过 “calm”“guiding” 体现） 典型试题：What is the boat compared to?（答案：A light in the dark night.） 结构分析6：广告 【结构要素】提取促销信息（如 “Free ice cream”）和产品优势 【语篇特征】突出卖点，用醒目的词汇（如 Free, New, Best）吸引注意。 【分析策略】重点阅读加粗、大写或符号（如★）标注的优惠信息。 【阅读语段】 New Toy Store Opening! ★ 20% off all toys this week! ★ Free stickers for every customer! ★ Open: 10:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m. daily at No. 5 Park Street [语段分析] 促销信息：20% off, Free stickers 产品优势：新品、折扣、赠品 典型试题：What can you get for free?（答案：Stickers.） 常见题型 题型一：细节理解题 【试题特征】 此类题型主要是对文中那些明确陈述的信息进行直接考查。这些信息涵盖范围较为广泛，常见的像时间，它可以精确到具体的年、月、日、时、分、秒；地点，可能是具体的城市、街道、场所等；人物，包括人物的姓名、身份等；还有数字，例如数量、比例、价格等。作答这类题目时，答案能够在原文中直接定位找到，不需要过多复杂的推理与引申。 【关键要素】 解题的关键在于利用题干中所给出的关键词。这些关键词通常具有独特性，像人名，其独特的称谓能够帮助我们快速在文中锁定与之相关的内容；数字，因其具体的数值特征，在文中也很容易被识别；特殊名词，凭借其特殊的概念表述，同样便于我们定位。找到相关内容后，仔细比对选项与原文，查看二者在内容、表述等方面是否一致，从而得出正确答案。 【阅读语段】 Last Friday, our class went to the Science Museum. We left school at 8:30 a.m. by bus. At the museum, we saw a dinosaur exhibition and learned about space rockets. We also watched a 3D movie about animals. After lunch, we did some experiments in the lab. We returned to school at 4:00 p.m. It was a fun day! 1. When did the students leave school? A. 8:00 a.m. B. 8:30 a.m. C. 4:00 p.m. D. 4:30 p.m. 题型二：推理判断题 【试题特征】 它着重要求学生依据上下文所呈现的逻辑关系，对文中隐含的信息展开深入推断。这里所涉及的隐含信息范围较为广泛，其中包括人物内心深处的情感变化，这种情感可能不会直接通过文字表述，而是隐藏在人物的言行、态度等细节之中；还包括事件后续可能出现的结果，这需要学生基于已知的事件发展脉络进行前瞻性的推测；此外，作者创作时所蕴含的意图也在考查范畴内，作者或许会通过文字的选择、叙述的角度等方式来传达特定的意图，但这些意图往往不会直白地呈现。值得注意的是，该类试题的答案并不会在原文中直接出现，需要学生凭借自身对文本的理解与分析能力去挖掘。 【关键要素】 在解答这类题目时，解题的关键要点在于紧密结合文中已有的明确信息，在此基础上进行合理且恰当的推测。这就要求学生能够精准地把握文本所提供的线索，运用逻辑思维对这些线索进行梳理与整合。同时，要时刻保持清晰的判断，果断排除那些过度推断的选项，这类选项往往脱离了原文所提供的信息范畴，属于无端的臆想；也要排除毫无依据的选项，这类选项在原文中找不到任何支撑其成立的线索。只有这样，才能准确地解答推理判断题，得出正确的答案。 【阅读语段】 Lily found a wallet on the playground. She opened it and saw a photo of a girl. There was also 50 yuan and a library card with the name “Anna”. Lily took the wallet to the teacher’s office. The next day, Anna thanked Lily and said, “I thought I’d never find it!” 2. What can we infer about Anna? A. She lost her wallet before. B. She is Lily’s classmate. C. She often goes to the library. D. She doesn’t like taking photos. 题型三：词义猜测题 【试题特征】 此类题型具有独特的试题特征，其主要考查方向是让学生依据文章的上下文语境，对生词、短语或者句子的具体含义进行准确猜测。在解答这类题目时，学生不能仅仅依赖于词汇本身的常见释义，而是需要巧妙地结合语境逻辑，或者运用构词法相关知识来进行深入分析。 【关键要素】 对于解答词义猜测题而言，其解题关键在于灵活运用多种策略。例如，可以通过寻找文中与目标词存在同义词关系的词汇，以此来推断目标词的含义；也可以借助反义词的线索，从相反的语义角度来推导目标词的意思。此外，文中所举的例子以及事物之间的因果关系，同样是推测词义的重要依据。需要特别注意的是，在解答过程中，要坚决避免直接按照词汇表面意思进行生硬翻译，务必紧密结合语境展开全面且深入的分析。 【阅读语段】 Tom’s father bought him a robot. The robot can mimic Tom’s actions—when Tom waves, the robot waves too. It even copies his voice. Tom’s friends were amazed and asked, “How does it work?” 3. What does “mimic” mean in the passage? A. 模仿 B. 学习 C. 破坏 D. 修理 题型四、主旨大意题 【试题特征】 这类题目具有独特的试题特征，其要求答题者准确概括出文章的中心思想，或者找出最适合文章的标题，亦或是精准推断出作者的写作意图。在解答此类题目时，不能仅仅依据文章中的某一部分信息来下结论，而需要对全文的所有信息进行综合考量与分析，要坚决避免以偏概全的情况发生。 【关键要素】 对于解答主旨大意题而言，存在一些关键的方法。其中较为重要的是要高度关注文章的首段，因为首段往往起到开篇点题的作用，可能会直接点明文章的核心主题；末段同样不可忽视，它常常是对全文内容的总结与升华，有助于我们准确把握文章的主旨；此外，文章中的高频词汇也具有重要的提示作用，通过对这些高频词汇的提炼与分析，能够帮助我们挖掘出文章的核心主题。 【阅读语段】 Reading books helps us learn new things. It improves our vocabulary and imagination. When we read stories, we can understand different cultures and people. Even ten minutes of reading every day can make a big difference. So, pick up a book and start reading! 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to choose a good book. B. The benefits of reading. C. Why people like stories. D. Tips for improving vocabulary. 1 Choose the best answer. (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案) We’ve Moved! Please come to the party in our new house. 8:00 p.m. on November 5 Betty and Jack Add: 31 Station Street Tel: 342-1525 E-mail: betty12@email.net Must Sell $275 Best washing machine Only 6 months old Owner will go to another city Call Mike Green Add: 10 Park Street Tel: 342-2691 E-mail:mikegreen@hotmail.com Smith’s Book Club New and old books Over 1,000 kinds Good coffee and tea Open every day 10:00 to 22:00 (not on Monday) Add: 15 North Street Tel: 342-7391 or 342-7350 E-mail:smith15@yahoo.com 1．If you want to go to Betty and Jack’s party, you can call ________. A．342-1525 B．342-7391 C．342-2691 D．342-7350 2．Mike Green has to sell his washing machine because ________. A．he wants to buy a new one B．he will go to another city C．he wants to buy a new house D．there is something wrong with it 3．Smith’s Book Club is open ________ a day. A．8 hours B．10 hours C．12 hours D．20 hours 4．If you want to read some books, you can go to ________. A．31 Station Street B．15 North Street C．10 Park Street D．15 Apple Street 5．You can use the e-mail mikegreen@hotmail.com if you want to ________. A．read some books B．go to a family party C．drink some good coffee D．buy a washing machine 6．You can’t enjoy the coffee and read books at Smith’s Book Club on ________. A．Monday B．Tuesday C．Saturday D．Sunday 2 Join us in planting trees!Trees are important to people and animals. So come to plant trees and build a better city with us. We need your help to plant 200 trees in the city. Time: this Saturday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Meeting place: in the park. *get a green T-shirt *learn more about trees *name the tree(s) that you plant *make new friends *All ages are welcome. *It will be a sunny day, so wear a cap. *There will be free (免费的) food and water for you. *Take a photo together after the activity. Call Mr. Lee at 669-3582. 1．What does the activity want people to do? A．Plant trees. B．Build a city. C．Get a green T-shirt. D．Name the trees. 2．If you want to join in planting trees, you can go to the ______. A．school B．park C．farm D．zoo 3．Linda wants to take part in the activity. She needs to bring ______. A． B． C． D． 4．How can people know more about the activity? A．Call Mr. Lee. B．Go to the park. C．Visit Mr. Lee. D．Visit a website (网址). 5．In which part of the newspaper can we read the text? A．Food. B．History. C．Music. D．Nature. 3 We can see lots of different kinds of food with different colors on our dining tables. Doctors and our parents always ask us to eat lots of green vegetables, because they are healthy for us. It’s also good for us to have food in other colors. For example (例如), we can have red food like tomatoes and carrots, yellow food like bananas, brown food like chocolate and orange food like oranges. Most people like to eat red food. But what about blue food? A food company (公司) has a test. The workers put the color blue in its candies (糖果). Children like the color blue very much, so would they like the blue candies? The test finds that children don’t like them at all. They still like red, green, brown, yellow and orange candies. How many kinds of blue fruits or vegetables do you know? You can see a little blue food in your life. People may think blue is not a food color and that it’s not safe or healthy to eat the food that is blue. People find many blue plants are poisonous and animals are afraid (害怕) to eat them. This is why people don’t often use blue when they make drinks, cakes and other food. 1．What kind of food is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．Green food. B．Yellow food. C．Purple food. D．Orange food. 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Different food colors in the world. B．A test on blue candies. C．An old but great food company. D．Children’s favorite candies. 3．What does the underlined word “poisonous” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．环保的 B．芳香的 C．柔软的 D．有毒的 4．What can we know from the passage? A．People don’t like to eat blue food. B．Having blue food can help us to relax. C．People often use blue fruit to make drinks. D．Children like blue candies very much. 4 Chinese Culture Courses Are you interested in Chinese culture? Our school provides (提供) many colourful courses to help us learn more about Chinese culture. Take part in (参加) your favourite one! Chinese Dance Activities: learn about dances from different minority groups (少数民族) Time: 8:00 a.m.—9:30 a.m. Place: dancing room   Teacher: Miss Wang Chinese Painting Activities: learn about ink painting Time: 10:00 a.m.—11:30 a.m. Place: art room Teacher: Miss Wu Chinese Poems Activities: learn about poems of the Tang and Song dynasties (朝代) Time: 2:00 p.m.—2:30 p.m. Place: school library Teacher: Mr Lin Chinese Food Activities: learn to make and enjoy delicious Chinese food like jiaozi, zongzi Time: 3:30 p.m.—5:50 p.m. Place: school dining hall Teacher: Mrs Mo Please sign up (报名) your favourite course before March 4th. Here are some ways for you: □call at 243-3029 □go to the culture centre □send email to studentunion@ happymail.com 1．How many kinds of courses (课程) are there in the poster? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 2．Where can students learn about ink painting? A．In the classroom. B．In the art room. C．In the school library. D．In the school dining hall. 3．What is the purpose (目的) of the poster? A．To sell Chinese culture courses. B．To advise (建议) students to learn to cook. C．To help students learn history. D．To ask students to take part in Chinese culture courses. 5 Good afternoon. My name is Susanna. I come from America. I am a junior high school student. I will talk to you about the lives of American students in school. In America, students usually get up at 6:30. After getting up, they often run for half an hour in the morning. When the class starts at 8 a. m., students need to learn some subjects. They learn English, Chinese, math, science, biology, music and art. The students eat lunch at school at 12 o’clock. They have many kinds of food to eat, such as meat, vegetables, fruit, bread and so on, but hot dogs and hamburgers are their favorites. Students have a short rest after lunch. The first class in the afternoon starts at 1:30 and school is over at 3:00. After school, they always self-study and do their homework until 6:00 in the afternoon. From 6 to 8 o’clock, they play games, exercise, read, write, draw and do other activities.They go to bed at nine in the evening. They sleep about nine hours a day. The students all think that their school life is very interesting. That’s all. Thank you. 1．How long do students run in the morning? A．15 minutes. B．20 minutes. C．30 minutes. D．40 minutes. 2．What do the students do from 3 p. m. to 6 p. m.? A．Self-study and do their homework. B．Play basketball or football. C．Eat dinner and take a walk. D．Sing and dance. 3．Susanna talks about at least ________ kinds of after-school activities. A．four B．five C．three D．two 4．Which one is true? A．Students always have breakfast at school. B．Students like to have bread and milk the most. C．Students sleep about eight hours a day. D．Susanna talks about school life in America. 6 In China, lots of students often use much of their time to study subjects, and don’t help with housework (家务劳动) at home. Some students don’t think they need to do housework. Some parents don’t let their children do it. But all students need to learn basic life skills (基本技能). Luckily (幸运地), things change now. Guangming Middle School in Sichuan starts some farming clubs. There students learn to plant vegetables. “At first I think I can only plant some vegetables here, butI find I can learn a lot about vegetables,” says Chen Jia, a girl at the school. In Yangguang Middle School, students have a special life skill class. They learn to make jiaozi in class. “I can’ t make jiaozi before, but now I am good at doing it. I really love my life skill class. It’s my favourite class,” says Zhang Yan, a boy at the school. As we know, learning life skills and learning subjects are both important. Because useful life skills can help us in our future life. Boys and girls, do you help your parents do housework at home? If not, you need to start now. 1．What do many Chinese students spend most of their time doing? A．Doing housework. B．Planting some vegetables C．Learning to make jiaozi. D．Studying their subjects. 2．What club does Guangming Middle School start? A．Some farming clubs. B．Some cooking clubs. C．Some Chinese clubs. D．Some maths clubs. 3．What is Zhang Yan good at now? A．Farming. B．Learning Chinese. C．Making jiaozi. D．Planting vegetables 4．Why is learning life skills important? A．Because it is fun to learn life skills. B．Because students need useful life skills in the future. C．Because parents tell their children to learn life skills. D．Because teachers ask their students to learn life skills. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Start new clubs for students B．Come and join the Housework Club C．Some special skills in life D．Come and learn life skills 7 Dear Mr Müller, We have some ideas on how to make our school life better. First of all, the morning lessons are from 9 o’clock to 12 o’clock and there are short breaks between lessons. It will be fine if there is a small café. We will be able to buy something to drink or eat. Then we can have a bit of fun time before the next lesson starts. Besides, after a half-hour lunch, we would like to have another half hour of break. It will be great if there is a reading bar (书吧) for us to enjoy a good book and share book ideas with friends. What’s more, now we can play football or do other sports on the playground, but we also need to sit down and have some quiet time. It’s best to have a few seats around the sports field. Lastly, we are so interested in Chinese and would really like to have a Chinese club. We all know that China is a great country. We hope to find more information about China and learn to speak some Chinese. It would be a third language for most of us. Thanks for giving us the chance to say what we think and we hope you find it helpful. Yours truly, Friederike 1．How long are the morning lessons? A．Half an hour. B．One hour. C．Two hours. D．Three hours. 2．What does Friederike’s school have? A．A small cafe. B．A playground. C．A reading bar. D．A Chinese club. 3．Why would Friederike like a Chinese club? A．To enjoy Chinese food. B．To make Chinese friends. C．To buy some Chinese books. D．To learn about China and Chinese. 4．Who might Mr Müller be? A．The headteacher. B．A guide. C．Friederike’s friend. D．A club teacher. 5．Why does Friederike write the letter? A．To ask for help. B．To show her abilities. C．To give advice. D．To describe places. 8 School clubs are really important to students. They can make a difference to your school life. When you join a club, you can meet people who like the same things as you. This can help you make new friends. In clubs, you can learn skills (技能) like working in a team, talking in front of others, and working out some problems. These skills are important for school and even for jobs in the future. Joining school clubs can make your school life more colorful. There are always many interesting activities in a club. When you join the club, you can take part in them. And then you will feel very excited about your school life. Joining a club is a great way to know more about yourself. You can learn about your interests and what you are good at. Being in a club gives you a break (休息) from schoolwork. It’s important to have fun and do things that make you pleased. So make sure to give yourself time for activities that you enjoy. In a word, school clubs are great places for students. They can learn a lot from the clubs. Why not join an interesting club this term? 1．Who is the passage written for? A．Jack, a middle school student. B．Mr. Brown, a class teacher. C．Mrs. Black, a mother. D．Mr. White, a doctor. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Joining a school club is bad for students. B．Most students don’t join a club at school. C．Students can take part in many activities in a club. D．You can’t learn teamwork in a school club 3．What does the underlined word “pleased” mean? A．Worried. B．Happy. C．Sad. D．Angry. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To help us choose a right club. B．To show ways to set up school clubs C．To ask students to learn more skills. D．To tell us about the good things of joining school clubs. 9 Take any long piece of paper. Now glue the ends of the paper together. You have made a ring. Take a second long piece of paper. Twist the paper once and glue the ends together. Now you have made a Mobius band. For people studying maths, this band is uncommon. This strange band was first made in the 1800s by a German man named August Mobius. Mr. Mobius studied maths. He wanted to find a way to show how this band works with maths. Understand it or not, this band has only one surface. You can find this out for yourself. If you draw a line on the surface of the paper before you twist and glue it, the line is only on one side of the paper. The paper has two surfaces. However, if you draw a line after you make the Mobius band, you can follow the line around all sides of the paper. In other words, the Mobius band must have only one surface. It is also very interesting to see what happens when you cut the band. If you cut the Mobius band in half once down the line you drew, you do not get two Mobius bands. Instead, after you cut the band, it turns into one large twisted ring. Then, if you cut this ring in half along the middle of the band again, you get two connected Mobius bands. Try it! 1．What is a Mobius band? A．A type of German paper. B．A person who studies math. C．A metal ring for music. D．An interesting twisted ring. 2．Which sentence about August Mobius is NOT true? August Mobius ________. A．studied math B．discovered a special type of glue C．was a German D．made the first Mobius band 3．How can you prove that the Mobius band has only one side? A．Cut it. B．Draw a line along it. C．Glue it. D．Twist it. 10 Confucius was a great teacher and thinker in Chinese history. He was born in 551 BC in the state of Lu. The state of Lu is in today’s Shandong. In 521 BC, he started his school and taught about 3,000 students, and many of them were great thinkers, too. Chinese celebrate (庆祝) Confucius’ birthday every year. Why do we still love him after so many years? That’s because his ideas help us in our everyday lives. He asks us to be kind to others. He also asks us to be honest (诚实的) and have good manners (礼仪). Confucius studies music, math, literature (文学), and some other things. He has many ideas to teach his students how to study well. Confucius says brothers and sisters should love each other. The young should look after the old. Everyone should be strict (严格的) with themselves, but kind to others. These ideas are always welcome in China. People in many other places around the world welcome them, too. They think his ideas can make the world a better place. We should learn from the great thinker. 1．When did Confucius start his school? A．At 25 years old. B．At 30 years old. C．At 35 years old. D．At 40 years old. 2．Why do we celebrate Confucius’ birthday every year? A．Because his ideas help us today. B．Because he is honest. C．Because he is kind to others. D．Because he loves his family. 3．What does Confucius ask the young to do in Paragraph 3? A．Love their children. B．Work hard at school. C．Look after the old. D．Be strict with others. 4．Which sentence shows Confucius’ idea of having good friends? A．Wisdom begins in wonder. B．Review the old and learn the new. C．Learning without thinking is of no use. D．Isn’t it a joy to have friends from afar? 5．What would be the best title of the passage? A．Celebrate Confucius’ birthday B．Welcome to China C．Learn from Confucius D．Be kind to others 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲 阅读理解(题型策略与技能自学1) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练题型：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语篇类型 语篇类型一：记叙文（Narrative） 记叙文具有独特的特征。它以时间为贯穿始终的线索，如同一条无形的丝线，将整个故事串联起来。在记叙文当中，必定会包含人物，这些人物是故事的核心主体，他们的性格、行为与决策推动着故事的发展。同时，事件是记叙文的重要组成部分，它是人物活动的具体呈现，包含了各种起因、经过与结果。而情节发展则是事件的动态演变过程，从故事的开端，逐步进入发展、高潮，直至结局，情节的起伏变化紧紧抓住读者的心。此外，情感表达也是记叙文不可或缺的元素，作者通过对人物、事件与情节的描述，传递出各种各样丰富的情感，或喜悦、或悲伤、或愤怒、或感动等，让读者能够深切地感受到作者想要传达的情感世界。在语言风格上，记叙文往往生动形象，能够通过细腻的描写，如对人物外貌、心理的刻画，对环境的描绘等，让读者仿佛身临其境。并且，为了契合叙述过去发生之事的情境，记叙文常常使用过去时态来展开叙述。 【阅读语段】 Last Tuesday, Mike found a lost wallet on the school playground. He opened it and saw an ID card with the name "Lucy". Mike went to the school office and asked the teacher for help. They called Lucy’s parents, and she came to pick up the wallet. Lucy thanked Mike and gave him a small gift. Mike felt happy because he helped someone. [语段分析] 主题：乐于助人的美德。 结构：按时间顺序展开（发现钱包→寻找失主→归还钱包→情感反馈），结尾点明主题。 语篇类型二：说明文（Expository） 说明文的显著特征在于，它以客观的视角对事物的特征、原理或者过程展开阐述说明。在表达上，其语言追求简洁明了，力求用精炼的语句准确传达信息。并且，为了使说明的内容条理更为清晰，逻辑更为连贯，常使用诸如 “first（首先）”“next（接下来）”“finally（最后）” 这类逻辑连接词，借助它们将说明的各个部分有序地串联起来，帮助读者能够更顺畅地理解相关内容。 【阅读语段】 Making a sandwich is a relatively straightforward process. To begin with, the initial step involves taking two slices of bread. These can be any type of bread you prefer, whether it's white bread, whole - wheat bread, or perhaps a crusty baguette slice. Next, grab some butter. Gently spread the butter evenly on both of the bread slices. This not only adds a rich flavor but also helps prevent the bread from getting soggy. Then, it's time to add the filling. You can include ingredients like ham, which provides a savory and meaty element. Alongside the ham, add some cheese. The cheese could be cheddar for a sharp taste, or mozzarella for a more mild and stretchy texture. Additionally, throw in some vegetables such as lettuce, tomato, or cucumber. These vegetables bring in freshness and a crunch. Finally, once all the ingredients are in place, carefully put the two slices of bread together. Voila! Now you have a delicious sandwich that you can enjoy for a quick snack or a light meal. [语段分析] 主题：该文章主要阐述了制作三明治的具体步骤。 结构：文章整体按照 “总 - 分” 结构进行展开。开篇首句 “Making a sandwich is easy.” 直接点明主题，即制作三明治这件事。随后，通过 “first, next, then, finally” 这一系列的连接词，分步骤详细地说明了制作三明治从准备面包、涂抹黄油到添加馅料以及最后组合面包片的整个过程。 语篇类型三：应用文（Practical Writing） 应用文主要是以向特定对象准确、有效地传递信息为核心目的。它具有鲜明的格式规范性，这种固定格式是在长期的使用过程中逐渐形成并被广泛认可的，以确保信息传递的清晰与准确。同时，它必定会包含一些至关重要的关键信息，比如时间，明确活动开展、事务执行等的具体时刻；地点，指出事件发生或相关活动进行的具体场所；还有联系方式，方便信息接收者与相关方取得进一步联系，以完成信息交流或后续事务。 【阅读语段】 School Trip Notice Dear Students, We will have a school trip to the zoo this Friday. Meet at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. Bring your lunch and water. Wear comfortable shoes. For more information, contact Mr. Wang at 138-XXXX-XXXX. School Office [语段分析] 主题：学校动物园旅行的通知。 结构：标题→正文（时间、地点、注意事项）→联系方式→落款。 语篇类型四：图表类（Graph/Poster） 此类信息呈现方式具有鲜明的特征，主要借助表格、海报等可视化手段来展示各种信息。其显著特点在于语言表述极为简洁，不会进行冗长复杂的阐述，而是以最为精炼的文字传达关键要点。同时，数据之间的对比十分明显，能够让观者迅速直观地捕捉到不同数据之间的差异、趋势等重要信息，从而快速理解相关内容所表达的核心意义。 【阅读语段】 School Clubs Poster Club Name Meeting Time Activity Art Club Mondays 3:00 p.m. Draw and paint Music Club Wednesdays 4:00 p.m. Sing and play instruments Science Club Fridays 2:30 p.m. Do experiments [语段分析] 主题：学校俱乐部信息。 结构：以表格形式分栏展示俱乐部名称、时间和活动，便于快速查找信息。 语篇类型五：对话类（Dialogue） 这一类型的显著特征在于，它主要借助人物之间的对话来徐徐展开故事情节。通过这样的方式，生动地反映出各种日常交流场景，仿佛将生活中的片段真实地呈现在读者面前。在语言表达方面，具有明显的口语化特点，使用的都是人们日常交流中自然、随意的语言。同时，对话类内容中会包含大量的直接引语，让读者能够直观地感受到人物的语气、态度以及他们所表达的观点，使得整个情节更加鲜活、生动。 【阅读语段】 （At the Bookstore） Shopkeeper: Can I help you? Tom: Yes, I’m looking for a book about space. Shopkeeper: We have two new books. This one is for children, and that one is for teenagers. Tom: I’m 12. Which one should I choose? Shopkeeper: The first one is more suitable. It has colorful pictures. Tom: Okay, I’ll take it. Thank you. [语段分析] 主题：在书店选购书籍的对话。 结构：以问答形式推进，解决 “选择哪本书” 的问题，结尾达成购买决定。 语篇类型六：议论文（Argumentative） 议论文具有鲜明的特征，它着重于清晰地表达作者的观点，并且通过一系列具有说服力的论据来支撑该观点。在结构方面，其通常遵循 “论点 - 论据 - 结论” 这样严谨且有条理的模式。首先，明确提出论点，即作者想要阐述的核心观点，这是整个文章论述的方向和基础。接着，运用丰富多样的论据来对论点进行论证，这些论据可以是事实、数据、事例、专家观点等，通过详细的阐述和合理的逻辑推导，使论点更具可信度。最后，基于前面的论述得出结论，再次强调论点的正确性和合理性，给读者留下清晰而深刻的印象。其语言风格严谨，力求用词准确、逻辑严密，以避免产生歧义，从而有力地传达作者的思想和观点。 【阅读语段】 Reading stands as an absolutely essential element in the process of learning. To begin with, one of the most significant benefits of reading is its ability to enhance vocabulary. As we delve into various written materials, whether they are novels, academic papers, or even newspaper articles, we come across a wide array of words that we might not encounter in our daily conversations. This exposure gradually enriches our word bank, enabling us to express ourselves more precisely and effectively. Secondly, reading serves as a window to the world, helping us gain a profound understanding of different cultures. Through books, we can travel to far - off lands, experience the traditions, values, and lifestyles of people from diverse backgrounds. We can learn about the unique customs of an ancient civilization or the modern - day social norms of a foreign country, all from the comfort of our own homes. Thirdly, reading plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking skills. When we read, especially when engaging with fictional works, we are often required to analyze various elements. For instance, when we read a story, we might analyze the characters, their motives, and the relationships between them. This kind of analysis forces us to think deeply, question assumptions, and form our own opinions. In conclusion, considering these numerous benefits, it is highly advisable that students make reading a daily habit. By doing so, they can not only improve their academic performance but also become more well - rounded individuals. [语段分析] 主题：阅读的重要性。 结构：首句清晰地提出论点，强调阅读对于学习的重要性。中间部分分别以 “first, second, third” 为引导，详细列举了阅读在提升词汇量、增进对不同文化的理解以及培养批判性思维这三个方面的论据。每个论据都进行了适当展开，使论证更加充分。最后进行总结，得出学生应每天阅读的结论，与开头论点相呼应，整个文章结构完整、逻辑清晰。 语篇类型七：新闻报道（News Report） 新闻报道具有鲜明的特征。其时效性极为突出，这意味着新闻内容必须紧密贴合当下发生的事件，能够迅速且及时地将新近发生的事实传递给受众，时间的敏感度极高，一旦错过最佳发布时机，新闻的价值便会大打折扣。 在结构方面，它通常遵循 “导语 - 细节 - 背景” 这样的模式。导语作为新闻报道的开篇部分，以简洁明了的语言概括出新闻事件的核心要点，目的是在第一时间抓住受众的注意力，激发其继续阅读或收听、收看的兴趣。细节部分则是对新闻事件展开详细叙述，把事件发展过程中的具体情节、相关人物的行为等丰富内容呈现出来，使受众能够全面、深入地了解事件全貌。背景部分不可或缺，它为受众提供了理解新闻事件所必需的相关背景信息，比如事件发生的社会环境、历史渊源等，帮助受众更好地领会事件的意义和影响。 新闻报道的语言风格强调客观公正。在描述事件时，要秉持中立的态度，避免掺杂过多主观情感和个人偏见，确保所传达的信息真实可靠。并且，一篇完整的新闻报道必然包含事件本身，这是核心内容，同时还会明确给出事件发生的时间，精确到具体的年、月、日甚至时分秒，以及准确的地点，这些要素共同构成了新闻报道的基本框架，使受众能够对新闻事件有清晰、准确的认知。 【阅读语段】 Last Friday, our school organized a significant event - a charity sale with the noble aim of lending a helping hand to underprivileged children. During this event, students actively participated by selling a wide variety of handmade crafts. These crafts not only demonstrated the students' creativity but also their eagerness to contribute to a good cause. Through their efforts, an impressive sum of 5,000 yuan was raised. This hard - earned money is earmarked to purchase essential school supplies for those in need. Principal Li, deeply touched by the students' actions, commented, “I’m truly proud of the students’ kindness. Their willingness to give and make a difference reflects the spirit of our school.” [语段分析] 主题：学校举办慈善义卖活动，旨在帮助贫困儿童。 结构：(1)导语：以简洁的语言概括学校举办慈善义卖这一事件，点明活动目的是帮助贫困儿童。(2) 细节：详细阐述活动内容为学生售卖手工艺品，以及活动所取得的成果，即筹集到5000元并将用于购买学习用品。(3)背景：通过校长的评价，进一步凸显活动的意义以及学校对学生善举的认可，从侧面反映出学校的精神风貌。 语篇类型八：科普短文（Scientific Article） 科普短文主要致力于向读者介绍各类科学知识或者自然现象。其语言风格极为严谨，在阐述过程中会频繁涉及专业术语，以确保对科学内容表述的准确性和专业性。同时，为了让读者能够理解这些专业术语，会针对其进行详细的解释说明。在逻辑结构上，科普短文常常会运用因果关系来展开论述，通过清晰地阐述原因和结果，使读者更易于把握科学知识或现象背后的原理和内在联系，从而深入理解相关科学内容。 【阅读语段】 The water cycle is a fundamental and continuous natural process that plays a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystem. Initially, a vast amount of water evaporates from the expansive oceans. The heat from the sun causes the liquid water on the ocean surface to transform into water vapor, which then rises up into the atmosphere. Subsequently, as the water vapor ascends, it cools down. This cooling leads to the process of condensation, where the water vapor changes back into tiny liquid water droplets or ice crystals. These minute particles come together to form clouds. When the clouds become saturated and heavy with water, the water can no longer be held aloft, and it falls back to the Earth's surface in the form of rain. Once the rain hits the ground, a significant portion of this water runs off into rivers and streams. These water bodies act as channels, guiding the water back to the ocean, thus completing the cycle. [语段分析] 主题：水循环的过程。该文章围绕水循环这一自然现象，详细阐述其具体过程。 结构：按 “总 - 分” 结构展开，首句点明主题，后续用 “first, then” 分步骤说明。 语篇类型九：诗歌（Poem） 诗歌作为一种独特的文学体裁，具有诸多鲜明的特征。首先，其语言高度凝练，以极为简洁的文字，却能蕴含丰富的内涵，用最少的字词传递深刻的思想与情感。其次，诗歌富有韵律，这种韵律如同美妙的音符，让诗句读起来朗朗上口，给人以听觉上的享受。再者，诗歌擅长通过巧妙运用意象和比喻，将抽象的情感或深邃的哲理具象化，使读者能够更直观地感受与理解。此外，诗歌常常使用押韵和重复的手法，押韵能增强诗歌的节奏感与音乐美，而重复则可起到强调主题、深化情感等作用，使诗歌的表现力更为突出。 【阅读语段】 Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. [语段分析] 主题：对星星的赞美与好奇。 结构：四行一节，押 “AABB” 韵，通过比喻（like a diamond）表达情感。 语篇类型十：广告（Advertisement） 广告主要是以实现产品促销或者品牌宣传为核心目的。其语言风格往往极具吸引力，通过精心雕琢的文字，最大程度地吸引受众的注意力。在内容呈现上，会着重突出所推广产品或服务相较于其他竞品所具备的独特优势，比如产品的创新性功能、卓越的品质、超高的性价比，或是服务的优质、高效与个性化等。同时，广告通常还会包含各种促销信息，像限时折扣、满减优惠、赠品活动等，以此激发消费者的购买欲望，推动产品或服务的销售。 【阅读语段】 New Restaurant Opening Welcome to Sunny Café! Delicious burgers and fries Free ice cream for kids under 12 Open daily from 11:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Located at 123 Main Street [语段分析] 主题：餐厅开业宣传。 结构：标题→优势列举（食物、优惠）→营业时间→地址，突出吸引力。 结构分析 结构分析1：记叙文 【结构要素】关注时间线（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、情感变化（how）。 【语篇特征】以故事形式展开，包含情节发展和情感表达。 【分析策略】通过时间状语（如 last Saturday）、地点名词（如 park）、人物动作（如 helped）梳理事件脉络，从结尾情感词（如 happy, proud）推断主旨。 【阅读语段】 Last Sunday, Amy visited her grandma. They baked a cake together. First, they mixed flour and eggs. Then, Amy put the cake in the oven. When it was ready, they shared it with the family. Amy felt warm because of the time with her grandma. [语段分析] 时间线：Last Sunday → First → Then → When it was ready 情感变化：felt warm（通过家庭互动体现亲情主题） 典型试题：Why did Amy feel happy?（答案：Because she spent time with her grandma and shared the cake.） 结构分析2： 说明文 【结构要素】识别说明对象的特征或过程，注意 “first, next” 等逻辑词 【语篇特征】客观解释事物，常用步骤词或分类词（如 first, second; kinds, types）。 【分析策略】通过逻辑词定位说明顺序，抓住核心特征（如用途、原理）。 【阅读语段】 How to Plant a Tree: First, dig a hole in the ground. Next, put the tree into the hole and fill it with soil. Then, water the tree every day. Finally, wait for it to grow. [语段分析] 逻辑词：First → Next → Then → Finally（步骤顺序） 说明对象：种树的过程 典型试题：What should you do after digging the hole?（答案：Put the tree into the hole and fill it with soil.） 结构分析3：应用文 【结构要素】快速定位关键信息（时间、地点、联系方式），忽略冗余描述 【语篇特征】格式固定，包含通知、邀请等实用信息，语言简洁。 【分析策略】直接查找标题、加粗部分或表格中的时间（如 9:00 a.m.）、地点（如 school hall）、电话（如 138-XXXX）等。 【阅读语段】 School Sports Day Notice Date: June 20th Place: School Stadium Events: Running, jumping, relay races Contact: Mr. Li (lihua@school.com) [语段分析] 关键信息：Date/Place/Events/Contact（直接对应试题） 典型试题：Where will the Sports Day be held?（答案：In the school stadium.） 结构分析4：议论文 【结构要素】区分论点（如 “Reading is important”）和论据（如 “improves vocabulary”） 【语篇特征】提出观点并论证，结构为 “论点 - 论据 - 结论”。 【分析策略】首句或末句找论点，中间通过 for example, first 等词识别论据。 【阅读语段】 Reading books is good for us. First, it helps us learn new words. Second, we can know about different countries from books. So, every student should read a book every month. [语段分析] 论点：Reading books is good for us. 论据：First...new words; Second...different countries 典型试题：What is the main idea of the passage?（答案：Reading books is beneficial for students.） 结构分析5：诗歌 【结构要素】分析押韵规律和比喻手法，理解情感表达 【语篇特征】语言凝练，常用比喻（如 like a star）、拟人（如 wind sings）和押韵（如 star/are/high/sky）。 【分析策略】通过重复的韵脚（如 AABB 式）和比喻词（如 as, like）感受情感。 【阅读语段】 Twinkle, twinkle, little boat, Float, float, on the lake so calm. Like a light in the dark night, Guiding me, where I should go. [语段分析] 押韵：boat/calm; night/go（押 /əʊ/ 音） 比喻：little boat → 把船比作黑暗中的明灯 情感：宁静与指引（通过 “calm”“guiding” 体现） 典型试题：What is the boat compared to?（答案：A light in the dark night.） 结构分析6：广告 【结构要素】提取促销信息（如 “Free ice cream”）和产品优势 【语篇特征】突出卖点，用醒目的词汇（如 Free, New, Best）吸引注意。 【分析策略】重点阅读加粗、大写或符号（如★）标注的优惠信息。 【阅读语段】 New Toy Store Opening! ★ 20% off all toys this week! ★ Free stickers for every customer! ★ Open: 10:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m. daily at No. 5 Park Street [语段分析] 促销信息：20% off, Free stickers 产品优势：新品、折扣、赠品 典型试题：What can you get for free?（答案：Stickers.） 常见题型 题型一：细节理解题 【试题特征】 此类题型主要是对文中那些明确陈述的信息进行直接考查。这些信息涵盖范围较为广泛，常见的像时间，它可以精确到具体的年、月、日、时、分、秒；地点，可能是具体的城市、街道、场所等；人物，包括人物的姓名、身份等；还有数字，例如数量、比例、价格等。作答这类题目时，答案能够在原文中直接定位找到，不需要过多复杂的推理与引申。 【关键要素】 解题的关键在于利用题干中所给出的关键词。这些关键词通常具有独特性，像人名，其独特的称谓能够帮助我们快速在文中锁定与之相关的内容；数字，因其具体的数值特征，在文中也很容易被识别；特殊名词，凭借其特殊的概念表述，同样便于我们定位。找到相关内容后，仔细比对选项与原文，查看二者在内容、表述等方面是否一致，从而得出正确答案。 【阅读语段】 Last Friday, our class went to the Science Museum. We left school at 8:30 a.m. by bus. At the museum, we saw a dinosaur exhibition and learned about space rockets. We also watched a 3D movie about animals. After lunch, we did some experiments in the lab. We returned to school at 4:00 p.m. It was a fun day! 1. When did the students leave school? A. 8:00 a.m. B. 8:30 a.m. C. 4:00 p.m. D. 4:30 p.m. 【答题解析】B 首先，我们来定位原文内容，原文表述为：“We left school at 8:30 a.m. by bus.” 此句明确说明了离开学校的时间是上午8点30分且乘坐的交通工具是公交车。接着看选项，选项B直接与原文所提及的时间相对应，所以选项B是正确的。而其他选项均属于干扰项，其中选项A的时间是混淆时间，并非原文所指的离开学校时间；选项C和选项D所涉及的时间是返回时间，与原文所强调的离开学校的时间不符。 题型二：推理判断题 【试题特征】 它着重要求学生依据上下文所呈现的逻辑关系，对文中隐含的信息展开深入推断。这里所涉及的隐含信息范围较为广泛，其中包括人物内心深处的情感变化，这种情感可能不会直接通过文字表述，而是隐藏在人物的言行、态度等细节之中；还包括事件后续可能出现的结果，这需要学生基于已知的事件发展脉络进行前瞻性的推测；此外，作者创作时所蕴含的意图也在考查范畴内，作者或许会通过文字的选择、叙述的角度等方式来传达特定的意图，但这些意图往往不会直白地呈现。值得注意的是，该类试题的答案并不会在原文中直接出现，需要学生凭借自身对文本的理解与分析能力去挖掘。 【关键要素】 在解答这类题目时，解题的关键要点在于紧密结合文中已有的明确信息，在此基础上进行合理且恰当的推测。这就要求学生能够精准地把握文本所提供的线索，运用逻辑思维对这些线索进行梳理与整合。同时，要时刻保持清晰的判断，果断排除那些过度推断的选项，这类选项往往脱离了原文所提供的信息范畴，属于无端的臆想；也要排除毫无依据的选项，这类选项在原文中找不到任何支撑其成立的线索。只有这样，才能准确地解答推理判断题，得出正确的答案。 【阅读语段】 Lily found a wallet on the playground. She opened it and saw a photo of a girl. There was also 50 yuan and a library card with the name “Anna”. Lily took the wallet to the teacher’s office. The next day, Anna thanked Lily and said, “I thought I’d never find it!” 2. What can we infer about Anna? A. She lost her wallet before. B. She is Lily’s classmate. C. She often goes to the library. D. She doesn’t like taking photos. 【答题解析】C 首先，明确需要定位关键信息，这里的关键信息为：钱包中有 Anna 的图书馆卡。 接着，阐述推理依据：图书馆卡出现在钱包中，这一情况强烈暗示了 Anna 经常使用图书馆。基于此，选项 C 是具有合理性的。然后，进行干扰项排除：选项 A 中所提及的之前丢失这一情况，在给定信息中并未涉及；选项 B 同样缺乏相应证据来支持；选项 D 与照片之间并无关联，所以这些选项 A、B、D 均因缺乏依据而被排除。 题型三：词义猜测题 【试题特征】 此类题型具有独特的试题特征，其主要考查方向是让学生依据文章的上下文语境，对生词、短语或者句子的具体含义进行准确猜测。在解答这类题目时，学生不能仅仅依赖于词汇本身的常见释义，而是需要巧妙地结合语境逻辑，或者运用构词法相关知识来进行深入分析。 【关键要素】 对于解答词义猜测题而言，其解题关键在于灵活运用多种策略。例如，可以通过寻找文中与目标词存在同义词关系的词汇，以此来推断目标词的含义；也可以借助反义词的线索，从相反的语义角度来推导目标词的意思。此外，文中所举的例子以及事物之间的因果关系，同样是推测词义的重要依据。需要特别注意的是，在解答过程中，要坚决避免直接按照词汇表面意思进行生硬翻译，务必紧密结合语境展开全面且深入的分析。 【阅读语段】 Tom’s father bought him a robot. The robot can mimic Tom’s actions—when Tom waves, the robot waves too. It even copies his voice. Tom’s friends were amazed and asked, “How does it work?” 3. What does “mimic” mean in the passage? A. 模仿 B. 学习 C. 破坏 D. 修理 【答题解析】A 上下文线索方面，文中明确提到 “when Tom waves, the robot waves too”，这一表述清晰地表明了机器人会做出与Tom相同的动作，也就是重复Tom的动作。在对选项进行分析时，选项A “模仿”，它所表达的含义恰好与机器人重复Tom动作这一情境相契合。而其他选项，经过仔细考量，它们与机器人重复动作这一关键内容并无关联。所以，从与上下文线索的匹配度来看，选项A是最为合适的。 题型四、主旨大意题 【试题特征】 这类题目具有独特的试题特征，其要求答题者准确概括出文章的中心思想，或者找出最适合文章的标题，亦或是精准推断出作者的写作意图。在解答此类题目时，不能仅仅依据文章中的某一部分信息来下结论，而需要对全文的所有信息进行综合考量与分析，要坚决避免以偏概全的情况发生。 【关键要素】 对于解答主旨大意题而言，存在一些关键的方法。其中较为重要的是要高度关注文章的首段，因为首段往往起到开篇点题的作用，可能会直接点明文章的核心主题；末段同样不可忽视，它常常是对全文内容的总结与升华，有助于我们准确把握文章的主旨；此外，文章中的高频词汇也具有重要的提示作用，通过对这些高频词汇的提炼与分析，能够帮助我们挖掘出文章的核心主题。 【阅读语段】 Reading books helps us learn new things. It improves our vocabulary and imagination. When we read stories, we can understand different cultures and people. Even ten minutes of reading every day can make a big difference. So, pick up a book and start reading! 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to choose a good book. B. The benefits of reading. C. Why people like stories. D. Tips for improving vocabulary. 【答题解析】B 在给定的文本内容里，我们可以发现其中的高频词汇，诸如“helps us learn”“improves”以及“understand different cultures” 。仔细观察这些词汇所表达的含义，能够明显看出它们均紧密围绕着阅读所能带来的好处这一核心要点。进一步来看各个选项，选项 B 的独特之处在于它精准地概括了全文的主旨。与之相对，选项 A、C 和 D 则存在不同情况。选项 A、C 属于细节内容，它们只是从局部对文本进行阐述。而选项 D 的问题更为突出，它仅仅提及了词汇方面，显得过于片面，未能全面且准确地把握文本的核心要义。 1 Choose the best answer. (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案) We’ve Moved! Please come to the party in our new house. 8:00 p.m. on November 5 Betty and Jack Add: 31 Station Street Tel: 342-1525 E-mail: betty12@email.net Must Sell $275 Best washing machine Only 6 months old Owner will go to another city Call Mike Green Add: 10 Park Street Tel: 342-2691 E-mail:mikegreen@hotmail.com Smith’s Book Club New and old books Over 1,000 kinds Good coffee and tea Open every day 10:00 to 22:00 (not on Monday) Add: 15 North Street Tel: 342-7391 or 342-7350 E-mail:smith15@yahoo.com 1．If you want to go to Betty and Jack’s party, you can call ________. A．342-1525 B．342-7391 C．342-2691 D．342-7350 2．Mike Green has to sell his washing machine because ________. A．he wants to buy a new one B．he will go to another city C．he wants to buy a new house D．there is something wrong with it 3．Smith’s Book Club is open ________ a day. A．8 hours B．10 hours C．12 hours D．20 hours 4．If you want to read some books, you can go to ________. A．31 Station Street B．15 North Street C．10 Park Street D．15 Apple Street 5．You can use the e-mail mikegreen@hotmail.com if you want to ________. A．read some books B．go to a family party C．drink some good coffee D．buy a washing machine 6．You can’t enjoy the coffee and read books at Smith’s Book Club on ________. A．Monday B．Tuesday C．Saturday D．Sunday 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三则信息：贝蒂和杰克的搬家派对邀请、迈克·格林出售洗衣机的信息以及史密斯书店俱乐部的相关情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“Betty and Jack”信息栏中的“Tel: 342-1525”可知，如果你想去贝蒂和杰克的派对，可以拨打342-1525，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Must Sell $275”信息栏中的“Owner will go to another city”可知，迈克·格林不得不卖掉他的洗衣机是因为他要去另一个城市，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Smith’s Book Club”信息栏中的“Open every day 10:00 to 22:00 (not on Monday)”可知，史密斯书店俱乐部每天营业的时长为22-10 = 12小时，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Smith’s Book Club”信息栏中的“Add: 15 North Street”可知，如果你想读书，可以去北街15号，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Must Sell $275”信息栏中的“E-mail:mikegreen@hotmail.com”可知，这个邮箱地址是迈克·格林出售洗衣机时留下的，所以如果你想买洗衣机，可以使用这个邮箱联系他，故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据“Smith’s Book Club”信息栏中的“Open every day 10:00 to 22:00 (not on Monday)”可知，史密斯书店俱乐部周一不营业，所以在周一不能在那里享受咖啡和读书，故选A。 2 Join us in planting trees!Trees are important to people and animals. So come to plant trees and build a better city with us. We need your help to plant 200 trees in the city. Time: this Saturday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Meeting place: in the park. *get a green T-shirt *learn more about trees *name the tree(s) that you plant *make new friends *All ages are welcome. *It will be a sunny day, so wear a cap. *There will be free (免费的) food and water for you. *Take a photo together after the activity. Call Mr. Lee at 669-3582. 1．What does the activity want people to do? A．Plant trees. B．Build a city. C．Get a green T-shirt. D．Name the trees. 2．If you want to join in planting trees, you can go to the ______. A．school B．park C．farm D．zoo 3．Linda wants to take part in the activity. She needs to bring ______. A． B． C． D． 4．How can people know more about the activity? A．Call Mr. Lee. B．Go to the park. C．Visit Mr. Lee. D．Visit a website (网址). 5．In which part of the newspaper can we read the text? A．Food. B．History. C．Music. D．Nature. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了树木对人类和动物都是很重要的，可以参加植树活动来创造一个更好的城市。 1．细节理解题。根据“So come to plant trees and build a better city with us.”可知，希望人们来种树。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Meeting place: in the park.”可知，在公园里种树。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“It will be a sunny day, so wear a cap.”可知，可能是晴天，所以可以戴帽子。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Call Mr. Lee at 669-3582.”可知，可以给李先生拨打电话了解更多信息。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是关于植树的，因此可能会在报纸的“自然”部分看到。故选D。 3 We can see lots of different kinds of food with different colors on our dining tables. Doctors and our parents always ask us to eat lots of green vegetables, because they are healthy for us. It’s also good for us to have food in other colors. For example (例如), we can have red food like tomatoes and carrots, yellow food like bananas, brown food like chocolate and orange food like oranges. Most people like to eat red food. But what about blue food? A food company (公司) has a test. The workers put the color blue in its candies (糖果). Children like the color blue very much, so would they like the blue candies? The test finds that children don’t like them at all. They still like red, green, brown, yellow and orange candies. How many kinds of blue fruits or vegetables do you know? You can see a little blue food in your life. People may think blue is not a food color and that it’s not safe or healthy to eat the food that is blue. People find many blue plants are poisonous and animals are afraid (害怕) to eat them. This is why people don’t often use blue when they make drinks, cakes and other food. 1．What kind of food is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A．Green food. B．Yellow food. C．Purple food. D．Orange food. 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Different food colors in the world. B．A test on blue candies. C．An old but great food company. D．Children’s favorite candies. 3．What does the underlined word “poisonous” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．环保的 B．芳香的 C．柔软的 D．有毒的 4．What can we know from the passage? A．People don’t like to eat blue food. B．Having blue food can help us to relax. C．People often use blue fruit to make drinks. D．Children like blue candies very much. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了人们对蓝色食物没有食欲的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“green vegetables...we can have red food like tomatoes and carrots, yellow food like bananas, brown food like chocolate and orange food like oranges.”可知，文中提到了绿色蔬菜、黄色食物和橙色食物，未提及紫色食物，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“A food company (公司) has a test....”可知，本段主要介绍了一个公司对蓝色糖果的测试，故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“animals are afraid (害怕) to eat them”可知，这里指许多蓝色植物有毒，所以poisonous意为 “有毒的”，关系D。 4．推理判断题。根据“This is why people don’t often use blue when they make drinks, cakes and other food.”可知，人们不喜欢吃蓝色的食物，故选A。 4 Chinese Culture Courses Are you interested in Chinese culture? Our school provides (提供) many colourful courses to help us learn more about Chinese culture. Take part in (参加) your favourite one! Chinese Dance Activities: learn about dances from different minority groups (少数民族) Time: 8:00 a.m.—9:30 a.m. Place: dancing room   Teacher: Miss Wang Chinese Painting Activities: learn about ink painting Time: 10:00 a.m.—11:30 a.m. Place: art room Teacher: Miss Wu Chinese Poems Activities: learn about poems of the Tang and Song dynasties (朝代) Time: 2:00 p.m.—2:30 p.m. Place: school library Teacher: Mr Lin Chinese Food Activities: learn to make and enjoy delicious Chinese food like jiaozi, zongzi Time: 3:30 p.m.—5:50 p.m. Place: school dining hall Teacher: Mrs Mo Please sign up (报名) your favourite course before March 4th. Here are some ways for you: □call at 243-3029 □go to the culture centre □send email to studentunion@ happymail.com 1．How many kinds of courses (课程) are there in the poster? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 2．Where can students learn about ink painting? A．In the classroom. B．In the art room. C．In the school library. D．In the school dining hall. 3．What is the purpose (目的) of the poster? A．To sell Chinese culture courses. B．To advise (建议) students to learn to cook. C．To help students learn history. D．To ask students to take part in Chinese culture courses. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了几种可以帮助学生了解中国文化的课程。 1．细节理解题。根据“Chinese Dance”，“Chinese Painting”，“Chinese Poems”和“Chinese Food”可知，海报上有四种课程，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Activities: learn about ink painting”以及“Place: art room”可知学生可以在美术室学习水墨画。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了几种可以帮助学生了解中国文化的课程，所以旨在让学生参加中国文化课程。故选D。 5 Good afternoon. My name is Susanna. I come from America. I am a junior high school student. I will talk to you about the lives of American students in school. In America, students usually get up at 6:30. After getting up, they often run for half an hour in the morning. When the class starts at 8 a. m., students need to learn some subjects. They learn English, Chinese, math, science, biology, music and art. The students eat lunch at school at 12 o’clock. They have many kinds of food to eat, such as meat, vegetables, fruit, bread and so on, but hot dogs and hamburgers are their favorites. Students have a short rest after lunch. The first class in the afternoon starts at 1:30 and school is over at 3:00. After school, they always self-study and do their homework until 6:00 in the afternoon. From 6 to 8 o’clock, they play games, exercise, read, write, draw and do other activities.They go to bed at nine in the evening. They sleep about nine hours a day. The students all think that their school life is very interesting. That’s all. Thank you. 1．How long do students run in the morning? A．15 minutes. B．20 minutes. C．30 minutes. D．40 minutes. 2．What do the students do from 3 p. m. to 6 p. m.? A．Self-study and do their homework. B．Play basketball or football. C．Eat dinner and take a walk. D．Sing and dance. 3．Susanna talks about at least ________ kinds of after-school activities. A．four B．five C．three D．two 4．Which one is true? A．Students always have breakfast at school. B．Students like to have bread and milk the most. C．Students sleep about eight hours a day. D．Susanna talks about school life in America. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了美国中学生一天的学校生活和课后活动。 1．细节理解题。根据“After getting up, they often run for half an hour in the morning.”可知学生跑步半个小时。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“After school, they always self-study and do their homework until 6:00 in the afternoon”可知从下午3点到下午6点学生总是自学，做作业。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“they play games, exercise, read, write, draw and do other activities”可知他们玩游戏、锻炼、阅读、写作、画画和做其他活动，谈论了至少五种课外活动。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“I will talk to you about the lives of American students in school.”可知Susanna谈论了美国的学校生活。 故选D。 6 In China, lots of students often use much of their time to study subjects, and don’t help with housework (家务劳动) at home. Some students don’t think they need to do housework. Some parents don’t let their children do it. But all students need to learn basic life skills (基本技能). Luckily (幸运地), things change now. Guangming Middle School in Sichuan starts some farming clubs. There students learn to plant vegetables. “At first I think I can only plant some vegetables here, butI find I can learn a lot about vegetables,” says Chen Jia, a girl at the school. In Yangguang Middle School, students have a special life skill class. They learn to make jiaozi in class. “I can’ t make jiaozi before, but now I am good at doing it. I really love my life skill class. It’s my favourite class,” says Zhang Yan, a boy at the school. As we know, learning life skills and learning subjects are both important. Because useful life skills can help us in our future life. Boys and girls, do you help your parents do housework at home? If not, you need to start now. 1．What do many Chinese students spend most of their time doing? A．Doing housework. B．Planting some vegetables C．Learning to make jiaozi. D．Studying their subjects. 2．What club does Guangming Middle School start? A．Some farming clubs. B．Some cooking clubs. C．Some Chinese clubs. D．Some maths clubs. 3．What is Zhang Yan good at now? A．Farming. B．Learning Chinese. C．Making jiaozi. D．Planting vegetables 4．Why is learning life skills important? A．Because it is fun to learn life skills. B．Because students need useful life skills in the future. C．Because parents tell their children to learn life skills. D．Because teachers ask their students to learn life skills. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Start new clubs for students B．Come and join the Housework Club C．Some special skills in life D．Come and learn life skills 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了中国学生学习生活技能的重要性。光明中学开设了农业俱乐部和生活技能课程。文章强调学习生活技能与学习科目同等重要。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In China, lots of students often use much of their time to study subjects”可知，在中国，许多学生经常把大部分时间花在学习科目上。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Guangming Middle School in Sichuan starts some farming clubs.”可知，四川光明中学开设了一些农业俱乐部。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“I can’ t make jiaozi before, but now I am good at doing it.”可知，张燕以前不会包饺子，但是现在擅长包饺子了。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“But all students need to learn basic life skills.”可知，所有学生都需要学习基本的生活技能。根据第三段“Because useful life skills can help us in our future life.”可知，有用的生活技能可以在未来的生活中帮助我们。由此可知，学习生活技能很重要。故选B。 5．标题归纳题。根据第三段“As we know, learning life skills and learning subjects are both important.”可知，学习生活技能和学习科目都很重要。所以本文号召人们来学习生活技能。故选D。 7 Dear Mr Müller, We have some ideas on how to make our school life better. First of all, the morning lessons are from 9 o’clock to 12 o’clock and there are short breaks between lessons. It will be fine if there is a small café. We will be able to buy something to drink or eat. Then we can have a bit of fun time before the next lesson starts. Besides, after a half-hour lunch, we would like to have another half hour of break. It will be great if there is a reading bar (书吧) for us to enjoy a good book and share book ideas with friends. What’s more, now we can play football or do other sports on the playground, but we also need to sit down and have some quiet time. It’s best to have a few seats around the sports field. Lastly, we are so interested in Chinese and would really like to have a Chinese club. We all know that China is a great country. We hope to find more information about China and learn to speak some Chinese. It would be a third language for most of us. Thanks for giving us the chance to say what we think and we hope you find it helpful. Yours truly, Friederike 1．How long are the morning lessons? A．Half an hour. B．One hour. C．Two hours. D．Three hours. 2．What does Friederike’s school have? A．A small cafe. B．A playground. C．A reading bar. D．A Chinese club. 3．Why would Friederike like a Chinese club? A．To enjoy Chinese food. B．To make Chinese friends. C．To buy some Chinese books. D．To learn about China and Chinese. 4．Who might Mr Müller be? A．The headteacher. B．A guide. C．Friederike’s friend. D．A club teacher. 5．Why does Friederike write the letter? A．To ask for help. B．To show her abilities. C．To give advice. D．To describe places. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇书信，Friederike写信给Müller先生就如何改善学校生活提出了建议，包括增设小咖啡馆、阅读角、运动场座位和成立中文俱乐部等。 1．细节理解题。根据“First of all, the morning lessons are from 9 o’clock to 12 o’clock”可知，上午的课是从9点到12点，一共三个小时。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“What’s more, now we can play football or do other sports on the playground”可知，Friederike的学校有一个操场。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“We hope to find more information about China and learn to speak some Chinese.”可知，Friederike想要一个中国俱乐部的原因是为了了解中国和学习中文。故选D。 4．推理判断题。在信件开头，Friederike称呼对方为“Dear Mr Müller”，并且信件内容是关于学校生活改进的建议，这表明Mr Müller很可能是学校的管理者或负责人。因此，Mr Müller可能是校长。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“We have some ideas on how to make our school life better.”及后文信件内容可知，Friederike写这封信的目的是为了提供建议，包括增加一个小咖啡馆、延长午休时间、建立阅读角、在运动场周围设置座位以及成立一个中文俱乐部。故选C。 8 School clubs are really important to students. They can make a difference to your school life. When you join a club, you can meet people who like the same things as you. This can help you make new friends. In clubs, you can learn skills (技能) like working in a team, talking in front of others, and working out some problems. These skills are important for school and even for jobs in the future. Joining school clubs can make your school life more colorful. There are always many interesting activities in a club. When you join the club, you can take part in them. And then you will feel very excited about your school life. Joining a club is a great way to know more about yourself. You can learn about your interests and what you are good at. Being in a club gives you a break (休息) from schoolwork. It’s important to have fun and do things that make you pleased. So make sure to give yourself time for activities that you enjoy. In a word, school clubs are great places for students. They can learn a lot from the clubs. Why not join an interesting club this term? 1．Who is the passage written for? A．Jack, a middle school student. B．Mr. Brown, a class teacher. C．Mrs. Black, a mother. D．Mr. White, a doctor. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Joining a school club is bad for students. B．Most students don’t join a club at school. C．Students can take part in many activities in a club. D．You can’t learn teamwork in a school club 3．What does the underlined word “pleased” mean? A．Worried. B．Happy. C．Sad. D．Angry. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To help us choose a right club. B．To show ways to set up school clubs C．To ask students to learn more skills. D．To tell us about the good things of joining school clubs. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了加入俱乐部能给学生的学校生活带来变化，并且可以从中学到很多。 1．推理判断题。根据“School clubs are really important to students. They can make a difference to your school life.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了加入俱乐部能给学生带来的好处，因此应该是为学生写的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are always many interesting activities in a club. When you join the club, you can take part in them.”可知，学生可以在俱乐部参加许多活动。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“It’s important to have fun and do things that make you pleased.”可知，此处指玩得开心，pleased与fun相关，因此pleased应意为“开心的”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。“School clubs are really important to students. They can make a difference to your school life.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了加入俱乐部能给学生带来的好处。故选D。 9 Take any long piece of paper. Now glue the ends of the paper together. You have made a ring. Take a second long piece of paper. Twist the paper once and glue the ends together. Now you have made a Mobius band. For people studying maths, this band is uncommon. This strange band was first made in the 1800s by a German man named August Mobius. Mr. Mobius studied maths. He wanted to find a way to show how this band works with maths. Understand it or not, this band has only one surface. You can find this out for yourself. If you draw a line on the surface of the paper before you twist and glue it, the line is only on one side of the paper. The paper has two surfaces. However, if you draw a line after you make the Mobius band, you can follow the line around all sides of the paper. In other words, the Mobius band must have only one surface. It is also very interesting to see what happens when you cut the band. If you cut the Mobius band in half once down the line you drew, you do not get two Mobius bands. Instead, after you cut the band, it turns into one large twisted ring. Then, if you cut this ring in half along the middle of the band again, you get two connected Mobius bands. Try it! 1．What is a Mobius band? A．A type of German paper. B．A person who studies math. C．A metal ring for music. D．An interesting twisted ring. 2．Which sentence about August Mobius is NOT true? August Mobius ________. A．studied math B．discovered a special type of glue C．was a German D．made the first Mobius band 3．How can you prove that the Mobius band has only one side? A．Cut it. B．Draw a line along it. C．Glue it. D．Twist it. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 【解析】本文介绍莫比乌斯带（Mobius band）的特点及其数学意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“Twist the paper once and glue the ends together. Now you have made a Mobius band.”可知，莫比乌斯环是通过将纸条扭转并粘合所得的一种有趣的扭曲环。故选D。 2．细节理解题。通读全文可知文章提到August Mobius是德国人，研究数学，并首次制造了莫比乌斯环，但并未提到他发现一种特殊的胶水。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“if you draw a line after you make the Mobius band, you can follow the line around all sides of the paper”可知如果你在制作莫比乌斯带后画一条线，你可以沿着纸的四周绕线，以此来证明莫比乌斯环只有一个面。故选B。 10 Confucius was a great teacher and thinker in Chinese history. He was born in 551 BC in the state of Lu. The state of Lu is in today’s Shandong. In 521 BC, he started his school and taught about 3,000 students, and many of them were great thinkers, too. Chinese celebrate (庆祝) Confucius’ birthday every year. Why do we still love him after so many years? That’s because his ideas help us in our everyday lives. He asks us to be kind to others. He also asks us to be honest (诚实的) and have good manners (礼仪). Confucius studies music, math, literature (文学), and some other things. He has many ideas to teach his students how to study well. Confucius says brothers and sisters should love each other. The young should look after the old. Everyone should be strict (严格的) with themselves, but kind to others. These ideas are always welcome in China. People in many other places around the world welcome them, too. They think his ideas can make the world a better place. We should learn from the great thinker. 1．When did Confucius start his school? A．At 25 years old. B．At 30 years old. C．At 35 years old. D．At 40 years old. 2．Why do we celebrate Confucius’ birthday every year? A．Because his ideas help us today. B．Because he is honest. C．Because he is kind to others. D．Because he loves his family. 3．What does Confucius ask the young to do in Paragraph 3? A．Love their children. B．Work hard at school. C．Look after the old. D．Be strict with others. 4．Which sentence shows Confucius’ idea of having good friends? A．Wisdom begins in wonder. B．Review the old and learn the new. C．Learning without thinking is of no use. D．Isn’t it a joy to have friends from afar? 5．What would be the best title of the passage? A．Celebrate Confucius’ birthday B．Welcome to China C．Learn from Confucius D．Be kind to others 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国伟大的教育家和思想家——孔子，同时作者建议大家应该向这位伟大的思想家学习。 1．细节理解题。根据“He was born in 551 BC in the state of Lu. The state of Lu is in today’s Shandong. In 521 BC, he started his school...”可知，孔子出生于公元前551年，他开办学校的时间为公元前521年，所以当时他的年龄为30岁。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Chinese celebrate Confucius’ birthday every year. Why do we still love him after so many years? That’s because his ideas help us in our everyday lives.”可知，我们每年都庆祝孔子诞辰是因为他的思想对我们很有帮助。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The young should look after the old.”可知，孔子要求年轻人应该照顾老人。故选C。 4．推理判断题。Wisdom begins in wonder.“智慧始于好奇”；Review the old and learn the new.“温故而知新”；Learning without thinking is of no use.“学而不思则罔”；Isn’t it a joy to have friends from afar?“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”，D选项表达内容与交友有关。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Confucius was a great teacher and thinker in Chinese history.”和“We should learn from the great thinker.”可知，本文主要介绍了孔子的思想并建议大家应向其学习，C选项符合文意，故选C。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$