专题08阅读理解提分引擎(题型解法与长难句拆解指南)-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019） 专题08阅读理解提分引擎(题型解法与长难句拆解指南) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺 高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破 模拟精炼：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升 考点聚焦 考点（一） 阅读理解题型解法 考点（二） 阅读理解长难句拆解技巧 考点（三） 阅读理解避坑指南秘诀 考点（四） 阅读理解题易错点及应对指南 考点（五） 阅读理解提分解题策略 考点（六） 阅读理解实战模拟精炼 重点速记 考点（一） 阅读理解题型解法 高考英语阅读理解要想提分,需掌握各类题型解法,以下是详细介绍： 阅读理解题型解法: （一）事实细节题 解题方法： （1）寻读法。先看试题，再读文章，对有关信息进行快速定位，将相关信息整合、甄别、分析、对比， 排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此方法适用于图形表格类题材。 （2）注意事项：抓住事件的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，答案要符合原文，不可望文生义。同时，注意句子的逻辑关系，关注表因果、转折等关系的功能词。 （二）猜测词义题 解题方法: （1）根据定义或解释说明：在有 be，be called，call 等判断词的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号处， 可根据已知部分猜测生词含义。 （2）根据对比关系：在 but,however,yet等表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,可根据前后词的 对比关系猜词。 （2） 通过因果关系：利用 because，since，as，so 等连接原因状语从句或结果状语从句的连词， 依据已知部分通过因果关系猜词。 （4）根据生活常识：运用逻辑推理能力和自身生活经验及常识，联系上下文能读懂的部分来猜词。 （5）根据同等关系：当一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，且词义属于同一范畴， 中间常用并列连词 and 或 or 连接时，可根据同等关系猜词。 （5）根据列举的事例：通过文中列举的事例来猜测生词的含义。 （三）主旨大意题 解题方法： 通过串联首段和各段首句来把握文章主旨，优先选择包含 “首段核心词 + 尾段态度词” 的选项， 排除含单一细节的选项。 注意事项：要避免以段落细节代替全文中心，需从整体上把握文章内容。 （四）推理判断题 解题方法： 在原文依据旁用 “⇒” 标注推论，从原文出发，合理推断，避免主观臆断。 注意事项：不可过度推理，答案应基于原文信息，是对原文内容的合理引申。 考点（二） 阅读理解长难句拆解技巧 长难句拆解指南: （一）“主谓宾拆解法” 三步通关 抓主干：用横线划出主语和谓语动词，明确句子核心。 如 “The team ___ discovered a new method...”， 先找出 “team” 是主语，“discovered” 是谓语动词。 拆修饰：用括号括起从句、分词短语等修饰成分，简化句子结构。 例如 “who spent years researching” 这样的定语从句，可将其视为修饰成分括起来，暂时不看，以突出句子主干。 标逻辑：用符号标记转折（▲）、因果（★）、例证（◆）等关系。 如 “▲However,★due to climate change, ◆such as rising temperature...”， 通过标记逻辑关系词，更清晰地理解句子之间的关系。 每日训练：选取 3 个真题长难句，用不同颜色笔区分主干与修饰，如主语用黄色、 谓语用红色、从句用绿色，拍照留存对比进步，以增强对长难句的理解和分析能力。 考点（三） 阅读理解避坑指南秘诀 高考英语阅读理解的避坑指南秘诀： （一）认清干扰项特点 无中生有： 选项内容在文章中没有任何依据，是命题者凭空捏造的。 如:2023年新高考I卷中，题目问 “Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?” 有选项说 “To protect the plants.”，但原文未提及植物需要保护，属于无中生有。 （1）偷换概念：选项中的关键词与原文相似，但意思被改变。 比如原文说的是某种产品的 “quality”（质量）很好，选项中却换成了 “quantity”（数量）很多。 （2）因果倒置：选项中因果关系与原文相反。 若原文是 “A 导致 B”，选项可能变成 “B 导致 A”。 （3）绝对化表述：使用 “all”“always”“never”“must” 等极端词的选项，通常要谨慎对待， 因为这类表述过于绝对，不符合原文的意思。 （4）范围扩大或缩小：选项比原文描述的范围更宽泛或更具体。 如原文说的是 “some students”（一些学生），选项变成了 “all students”（所有学生），这就属于范围扩大。 （5）主观推测：选项内容是基于原文的过度推理，并非直接信息。如原文只是说某人做了某件事， 选项却推断出这个人有某种特定的性格特点，而原文中并没有相关暗示。 （6）混淆信息：采用原文的部分词汇，但改变了句意，将不同地方的信息拼凑在一起，造成误导。 （二）掌握正确阅读方法和答题步骤 阅读方法：运用略读了解文章主旨大意和结构框架，通过扫读快速定位关键信息，对于重点内容进行精读，分析句子结构和逻辑关系。 答题步骤：先看题干，明确题目类型和要求，划出关键词；然后带着问题读文章，根据关键词定位相关信息；最后结合原文内容，仔细分析选项，排除干扰项，选择正确答案。 （三）其他注意事项 （1）注意文章结构和逻辑关系：了解总分、对比、举例、数据引用等不同结构段落的特点和作用，关注转折、因果、并列等逻辑关系词，有助于更好地理解文章和把握考点。 （2）合理分配时间：简单的细节定位题耗时不超过1分钟，难题如主旨推断题控制在2.5分钟以内，避免在某一道题上花费过多时间，影响整体答题进度。 （3）认真检查:核对选项是否答非所问，特别注意代词指代是否准确，避免因粗心大意而丢分。 考点（四）熟悉各题型易错点及应对方法 （1）主旨大意题 易错点：容易被细节干扰，误把段落大意当作文章主旨；对文章整体把握不够，选择的选项过于片面或过于宽泛。 应对方法：重点阅读首段和尾段，关注每段的首句或尾句，寻找主题句。同时，要学会归纳总结，排除那些只涉及局部信息的选项。 （2）细节理解题 易错点：忽略题干中的限定词，导致定位错误；对原文信息理解不准确，被选项中的干扰信息迷惑。 应对方法：用题干中的关键词回文定位，找到原文出处后，仔细核对选项与原文的细节，注意同义替换，确保信息准确无误，不曲解、不夸大。 （3） 推理判断题 易错点：过度推理，加入自己的主观想法，超出了原文所给信息的范围；对文章中的暗示信息理解不到位，无法进行合理推断。 应对方法：识别关键词，分析上下文逻辑关系，寻找如情感词、因果关系等暗示信息。 答案必须基于文中信息，避免过度推测。 （4）词义猜测题 易错点：脱离上下文语境，仅凭对单词的常规理解来选择答案；对上下文的提示信息把握不准确，导致猜错词义。 应对方法：结合上下文，寻找解释、对比、因果等提示信息，还可以根据词根、前后缀来推测词义。 将选项代入原文，看是否符合语境和逻辑。 （5）指代关系题 易错点：没有准确理解上下文逻辑，找错指代对象；对代词的语法功能和指代规则不熟悉。 应对方法：向前寻找指代对象，通常是前一句的某个名词或概念，确保指代对象在逻辑上与代词一致。 （6）作者态度题 易错点：不能准确把握作者的情感倾向，被文中其他人的观点所干扰；对表示态度的词汇理解不准确，导致判断错误。 应对方法：关注文中的情感词，如 “fortunately”“surprisingly”“unfortunately”“doubtfully” 等，分析作者用词的褒贬色彩，从而判断作者的态度，排除极端选项。 考点（五） 阅读理解提分解题策略 高考英语阅读理解提分引擎的提分解题策略 （一）题型通用技巧 先看题干，明确题型和重点： 快速浏览题目，判断题目类型，如细节题、主旨题、推断题、词义猜测题等。 明确题目所问内容，圈出关键词，如人名、地名、数字、时间、关键动词或名词等， 带着问题去读文章，有针对性地寻找答案。 （二）学会定位，结合原文作答： 根据题干中的关键词，在文章中找到与之相关的段落或句子，这就是答案的定位区域。 仔细阅读定位区域的上下文，理解其含义，与选项进行对比分析，选择与原文意思最相符的选项。 注意，答案一定是基于原文内容，不能凭主观臆断或常识来答题。 （三）善用排除，缩小选择范围： 对于不确定的题目，可通过排除法缩小选择范围。排除与原文内容不符、与题目要求无关、 过于绝对或不合理的选项。有些选项可能只包含部分正确信息，或者偷换概念、以偏概全，要仔细辨别。 （四）阅读方法技巧 1、略读：快速浏览文章标题、首尾段、每段首句以及图片、图表等，了解文章的主旨大意、结构框架 和主要内容，明确文章的题材和体裁，为进一步阅读做好准备。 2、扫读：在略读的基础上，根据题目要求，有针对性地在文中寻找特定的信息，如人名、地名、数字、日期等。眼睛快速扫视文章，忽略无关信息，只关注与题目相关的内容，提高阅读效率。 3、精读：对于文章中的关键段落、长难句以及与题目相关的细节内容，要进行精读。仔细分析句子结构，理解每个单词和短语的含义，把握句子之间的逻辑关系，从而准确理解文章的深层含义。 考点（六） 阅读理解实战模拟精炼 Passage 01 （24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试）Songbirds do have a perfect voice. Every species of bird wakes up at a very particular time in the morning and begins to sing. This is because each species has its own specific waking stimulus (刺激), which is linked to the brightness of the sunlight. Like human beings who have to learn to speak, birds also have to learn how to sing. They do this in several stages. First, they practice voices and sounds, which is comparable to the early stage in human language development. During the second stage, the birds practice their song for eight to nine months, until memory and practice match up. The singing is strengthened during the final stage. Although nightingales got their name as a result of their singing at night, not all nightingales sing at night. Generally, both males and females sing during the day. The night song is used mainly for seeking partners. After succeeding in attracting a female, the male nightingale falls silent and doesn’t start his song again until the early morning. Birds are seasonal singers. We only hear numerous kinds of bird concerts between spring and high summer. This is the time when birds are looking for partners, and when the males aim to mark out their territory (地盘). Even after finding a partner, males continue to sing when they are showing their offspring (幼崽) how to sing. Birds don’t all sing as well as others, not even within a species (物种). The song of a bird in  London will be quite different from that of a bird in Paris or Berlin. Although the members of each bird species share a vocabulary of sounds, dialectal (方言的) differences are quite common. The individual dialects are not natural but are learnt while birds are still young, just as children adopt the dialect of their parents. The young birds always sing as well or as badly as their teachers, whose style and talent are different from area to area. 1．Why do different species of birds sing at different times in the morning? A．They have different models of memory. B．They prefer different weather conditions. C．They react to the brightness differently. D．They have different reference objects of waking up. 2．What’s the main reason for the male nightingale’s singing at night? A．To enlarge its territory. B．To teach its offspring. C．To drive enemies away. D．To draw females’ attention. 3．What mainly determines a bird’s sound of singing? A．Its inborn talent. B．Its learning ability. C．Its species’ popularity. D．Its growing environment. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The Science of Birds’ Singing B．Language Development of Birds C．The Seasonal Change of Birdsongs D．The Difference of Dialects in Bird Communication Passage 02 （24-25高一下·河北衡水·开学考试）Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (反应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol (皮质醇) in our sweat. This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 volunteers and their dogs took part. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own feelings can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph.D．student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 5．Why did volunteers in the study do public speaking and math tasks? A．To test their social skills. B．To see how dogs would help them. C．To show their ability to reduce pressure. D．To raise their stress and cortisol levels. 6．What happened when dogs smelled stress in the study? A．Their response was faster. B．They stayed away from their owners. C．They focused less on food. D．They barked to warn owners of danger. 7．What might be the reason dogs developed the ability to sense stress? A．To avoid danger. B．To protect their food. C．To hunt more effectively. D．To better understand humans. 8．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A guidebook for dog training. B．A scientific research report. C．A newspaper about animal adventures. D．A magazine about wildlife protection. Passage 03 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·开学考试）Making a film is like solving a complex puzzle. While actors and the story are what we see on screen, many people work behind the scenes to make the movie come alive. Each person has a unique role to play in bringing the final product to life. The director is often regarded as the leader of the project. They guide the actors, determine the visual composition of each scene, and collaborate (合作) closely with the cinematographer to select the most effective camera angles and lighting. The cinematographer, also known as the director of photography, is responsible for capturing the film’s visual aesthetic. They manipulate (熟练操作) light and shadow to create the desired mood and atmosphere. Another key person is the production designer, who oversees the film’s overall look. They make sure every detail, from the sets to the costumes, matches the story’s setting and tone. For example, if the film is set in a historical period, the production designer ensures that the props, clothing, and environments accurately reflect that time. They work with art directors, set decorators, and costume designers to create a cohesive (协调的) and believable world. Sound designers and editors also play a crucial role. They enhance the film’s emotional impact by adding sound effects, background noises, and music. Without their contributions, even the most exciting scenes would lack depth and intensity. Finally, the editor carefully assembles (整合) the footage, selecting the best takes and arranging them to create a compelling narrative (扣人心弦的叙事). This process, which can take months, is essential for making sure the film flows smoothly and keeps the audience engaged. 9．Who directly works with actors to decide how scenes should look? A．The cinematographer. B．The production designer. C．The director. D．The sound editor. 10．The underlined word “aesthetic” in Paragraph 2 most closely means _____________. A．emotional impact B．visual style C．historical accuracy D．story structure 11．If a film’s 1920s setting feels unrealistic, which role likely failed their job? A．The editor. B．The production designer. C．The cinematographer. D．The sound designer. 12．Why might editing take months to complete? A．Actors need time to prepare their performances. B．Selecting the best shots and organizing them carefully takes time. C．Creating realistic sound effects requires multiple tries. D．Directors want to give creative improvements enough time. Passage 04 （24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试）I remember my first true introduction to art fondly. It was my second year of university and I was a confused 19-year-old at the time, unsure of what academic path I wanted to pursue. I knew that I had always been fascinated by things that made me question the world around me, and my art history class was the first time I really got to get my feet wet. My professor, a post-graduate with natty (齐整的) hair, entertained us with her stories of travel and revealed the arts of the world to us, something that had not been touched on since my primary school years. The grand story of time was told in broken Greek sculptures, figures whose amazingly detailed limestone carvings were often missing arms and heads to the brittle ravages (无情的破坏) of time. We explored the patterns of the Medieval era and the early Renaissance religious symbolism of Michelangelo and Botticelli. We analyzed the mustard (芥末黄) and chiaroscuro (明暗对比) glare of the Baroque paintings of Caravaggio and El Greco, and we were amazed by the sandcastle-naturalism of the Spanish architect Gaudi. The history of art has fascinated me ever since. I never had a talent for art myself, but I always did have a well-grounded appreciation for those who did . In primary school, we explored art through music and painting classes; but once we entered secondary school, art was an elective course and quickly limited to the dustbins of my memory. It was only after that humble art history class that I realized what I had been missing. I strongly believe that a well-rounded society needs everyone to have an early education in the arts. A healthy society needs all its members to open their eyes — and their minds — so that they can learn what is true and beautiful, just as the famous Greek philosopher Plato said, “The reflection of beauty causes the soul to grow wings”. 13．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in the first paragraph? A．The author got lost in the art history class due to the confusion. B．The author was starting to figure out the exact academic path. C．The author was starting to learn to appreciate art. D．The author wet his feet because of carelessness. 14．Why did the author mention the professor? A．To show his love for Greek sculptures. B．To show the beginning of his love for art. C．To tell readers the professor’s love for grand stories. D．To tell readers what the Renaissance religious symbolism is. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards art education? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Opposed. D．Doubtful. 16．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To advocate the popularity of art history. B．To propose a change in the education of art history. C．To urge people to explore more art classes in an early age. D．To arouse people’s awareness of the importance of early art education. Passage 05 （24-25高一下·广西南宁·开学考试）At six o’clock sharp the curtain rises at Southside Cultural Center, in Reno. Two hundred audience members, including the mayor of Reno, look to the stage. Dozens of actors break out into the first number of The Lion King. But this is not your typical production. The gifted cast is made up of homeless children living at the Volunteers of America family shelter in Reno. The children have been given a chance to live their dreams onstage, thanks to volunteer acting coach Nasya Mancini. “I see so much of myself in these kids,” says Nasya. “I tell them their current circumstance doesn’t have to be their destiny (命运). If they are determined,they can do anything they want.” Determination is something Nasya knows all about. She was born prematurely and was given little chance of survival. But Nasya kept fighting. Her very name means “miracle” in Hebrew. Nasya was small,but quickly proved that her talents were as big as her will to survive. She started dancing at two. By six she’ d been spotted by an acting coach, who encouraged her parents to enroll her in drama classes. “There was something about being onstage,” Nasya says. “It made my spirit come alive.” She decided that she was going to be an actor. However, her enthusiasm didn’t sit well with some of her schoolmates. They teased her, “You’re a shrimp. You’re not even pretty.” Nasya came home in tears. Her mother hugged her and told her to ignore it.By high school, Nasya was winning awards in theater competitions. She also provided community service by teaching drama to the children at the shelter. Nasya wanted the kids at the shelter to discover the confidence that acting could give. The best way to do that, she decided, was to put on a big play. The production was a hit. The kids took several curtain calls. Donations to the shelter rolled in. Nasya reminds the kids of something she knows with every part of her spirit to be true: “Believe in yourself. The world is your stage.” 17．What was special about the play The Lion King? A．It was performed by homeless kids. B．It was starred by Nasya Mancini. C．It was staged at the local shelter. D．It was funded by the mayor of Reno. 18．Which of the following best describes Nasya? A．Creative and modest. B．Confident and demanding. C．Determined and humorous. D．Talented and caring. 19．Why did Nasya decide to put on the play? A．To complete her community service. B．To build the kids’ confidence. C．To win a local theater competition. D．To collect public donations. 20．What is the best title for the text? A．Volunteers Make a Difference. B．Rising from Shelter to Stage. C．Sharing Her Dream with Homeless Teens. D．The Lion King Is Roaring Back. Passage 06 （24-25高一下·江西宜春·开学考试）It was January in Kansas. The snowstorm hit, cutting off our power. So, though it was around noon, we were put into darkness. No television, no heat, no light. This was back in the days when people had only radios to listen to. Granddad Charlie gathered up his winter coat, scarf, and gloves, and disappeared into the snow. A few minutes later, he returned, with wood under his arms. Looking at my brother and me, he said. “Come on, boys. Time to build a fire.” But the curiosity for the fire wasn’t enough to keep the attention of a 7-year-old boy and a 5-year-old boy, and we were soon annoying Grandpa repeatedly as to what was next. “There’s no TV, Grandpa,” I complained, “What are we going to do?” “Let’s go camping.” Grandpa answered. We ran upstairs to get our sleeping bags, pillows, and stuffed animals back (毛绒玩具靠背). When we returned, Grandpa had rearranged the furniture, clearing an open space in front of the fire. In short order, we had a fine campground. “Now then,” Grandpa began, opening a strange-looking game board, “who’s up for a little game of checkers?” For the next hour or so, Grandpa taught us on the fine art of placing checkers. I became a fair player after losing four games in a row. Then, surprisingly, I beat Grandpa. When I asked him if he had let me win, he merely smile. Checkers was soon followed up with hangman. Afterward, Grandpa found his old, weathered guitar and sang us some campfire songs, the words to which my brother and I did not know but to which we sang along. And right then, something terrible happened. The power came back on. Mom and Dad gave a cheer. But for my brother and me, it was the end of a grand adventure. We stood there, speechless. Grandpa looked at us, smiled, and then slowly, he walked across the room and turned the light off. 21．What can we know from the first 3 paragraphs? A．The children were curious about building the fire. B．The children were excited about the power failure. C．The children didn’t like the fire and went camping. D．The story happened on a cold winter snow evening. 22．Why did Grandpa turn off the light at last? A．To create a sense of holiday. B．To keep a camp atmosphere. C．To save as much energy as he can. D．To remind the family to go to bed. 23．Which of the following best describes Grandpa? A．Imaginative and brave. B．Experienced and generous. C．Intelligent and curious. D．Caring and understanding. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．An Unforgettable camping B．Our Harmonious Family C．Our Respectable Grandpa D．A Terrible Snowstorm Passage 07 （24-25高一下·河南·开学考试）David Rush broke his 181st record, giving him a new kind of record — the record for the most Guinness World Records held at the same time. Rush, who’s 40, began working to set world records to show how important it is to keep doing our best and push our own limits, even when things are hard. In 2015, Rush decided to set a record by juggling (玩杂耍) with his eyes covered. After practicing for several weeks, Rush managed to juggle blindfolded for 6 minutes and 34 seconds. That was Rush’s first Guinness World Record. He even broke this record twice in a row (连续). Rush enjoys the hard work of training to break records, during which he finds it helps him stay in shape, and that it’s fun to try new things. Many of the records Rush sets are unusual. He’s balanced 101 rolls of toilet paper on his head. He’s caught 59 marshmallows (棉花软糖) in his mouth in one minute. Rush’s family supports him in his efforts. His three children enjoy practicing with him. In 2021, his wife allowed Rush to wrap (用……包裹) her in plastic wrap to set a new record. Most of Rush’s records get set at his home, with volunteers helping out, carefully recording the event. But Rush’s main job is giving encouraging speeches at businesses and schools. Technology is very important in today’s world, and that makes him a big fan of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) in education. He wants students to believe that even if they struggle with science or math, they can still become an engineer or anything they want to become. In all, Rush has broken over 300 Guinness World Records, but many of these records have been broken again. He visited the main office of Guinness World Records in London, England. During his visit, he set 15 world records in a single day. 25．What mainly drives Rush to set records? A．His curiosity about new things. B．His goal to win most world titles. C．His preference for blindfolded juggling. D．His determination to challenge himself. 26．What do we know about Rush’s Guinness World Records? A．He broke his own record in blindfolded juggling. B．He failed in balancing toilet paper rolls on his head. C．He first set a record in wrapping his kids in plastic wrap. D．He set two records in catching marshmallows in his mouth. 27．What message does Rush express in his speeches at schools and businesses? A．The necessity of physical fitness. B．The importance of becoming famous. C．His encouragement to go after dreams. D．His dissatisfaction with breaking records. 28．Which can be the most suitable title for the text? A．Holding a World Record by Chance. B．Setting a Record by Setting Records. C．The Journey of a Record-breaking Family. D．The Science Behind Guinness World Records. Passage 08 （24-25高一下·河北张家口·开学考试）Scientists have come up with an unusual idea for how to solve global warming - cool the Earth by putting ice into the upper atmosphere (大气层) to make it drier. Water vapour (水汽) is a natural greenhouse gas that traps heat. Researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NASA believe that if they add ice up high in the air, it could dry out the upper atmosphere and reduce its ability to trap human-caused warmth. So far, it’s just an early idea that scientists could add to their last toolbox against climate change, said NOAA physicist Dr Joshua Schwarz, lead author of the study published in scientific journal Science Advances. “This is about exploring what might be possible in the future and identifying research directions,” he said, explaining scientists didn’t have the technology to put the idea into practice yet. The means is one of a few suggested by scientists that aim to reduce the effect of climate change by mending the world’s atmosphere. The way it could possibly work is that hi-tech planes could put ice particles about 17km high, where the air slowly rises. The researchers believe that the ice and cold air would rise to where it’s coldest, making the water vapour turn to ice and fall, drying out the stratosphere (平流层) in the process. Putting two tons of ice per week could reduce global heating by about five percent of the warming caused by fossil fuels. But researchers were unsure how they would put the ice and whether the practice could cause side-effects. 29．What is the text mainly about? A．Scientists solved global warming. B．Scientists found the causes of global warming. C．Scientists got to know the result of global warming. D．Scientists thought of a possible way to solve global warming. 30．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The air at a height of 17km rises fast. B．This is the only way scientists advised. C．Advance in plane can make the ideas possible. D．The means is supported by few scientists. 31．What stops scientists from carrying out the idea? A．They don’t have enough money. B．They are not allowed by the law. C．They are faced with extreme climate. D．They haven’t found the way to put the ice. 32．Where is the text most likely from? A．A newspaper. B．A notebook. C．A science fiction. D．A textbook. Passage 09 （24-25高一上·山东滨州·期末）Once plentiful around the world, the number of peregrine falcons (游隼) began to fall after World War II with the introduction of pesticides like dieldrin, aldrin and DDT. Dieldrin and aldrin killed the birds directly, while DDT weakened chicks eggshells, lowering their chances of survival. In the US, the falcons’ number reached a low point of 324 pairs in 1974 - a sharp decline from more than 3,800 pairs before the mid-20th century. Peregrine falcons were placed on the endangered species list in 1970. The US Environmental Protection Agency banned (禁止) the use of DDT in 1972. Two years later, the agency banned most use of aldrin and dieldrin, with an exception for white ant control. Before long, the bans worked. Four climbers made a surprising discovery while climbing Yosemite’s EI Capitan in 1978: an active peregrine falcon nest, which had not been seen in the area for decades. They reported their find to the Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group, who quickly took action. They came up with an ambitious plan and asked the climbers if they wanted to help. At their request, the climbers once again climbed EI Capitan, but this time, they collected samples of eggs from the nest and brought them back down for testing. The eggs were delicate and thin, so researchers decided to incubate (孵化) them in a lab, and then rock climbers risked their lives returning the chicks to the nest. Peregrine falcons were removed from the endangered species list in 1999. As many as 40,000 individuals may now be flying freely in North America. Without the cooperation of climbers, peregrine falcons might still be struggling to gain a foothold in Yosemite. Instead, the birds’ recovery is a rare success story where humans prioritized the needs of other species above their own. 33．What caused the drop in the number of peregrine falcons? A．World War II. B．The chemicals. C．City development. D．Air pollution. 34．How did the climbers help the Bird Research Group? A．They carried the eggs back for testing. B．They reported their finding to people. C．They found the nest in the EI Capitan. D．They risked their lives protecting eggs. 35．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Peregrine falcons are looking for their homes. B．People rarely put their own needs in the first place. C．People have helped Peregrine falcons recover successfully. D．Peregrine falcons are still on the endangered species list now. 36．Where can we probably read the passage? A．A news report. B．A research paper. C．A travel leaflet. D．A nature magazine. Passage 10 （24-25高一下·辽宁抚顺·开学考试）February 9, Sunday of 2025, was not a holiday in the US, but it might seem like one to Americans. Many were attending parties to watch Super Bowl LIX of this year. The Super Bowl is the championship game of professional American football held by the National Football League (联赛), or NFL, which has 32 teams mainly based in large cities across the US. The first professional league was formed in 1920,when players of four teams met in Canton, Ohio. The group first called itself the American Professional Football Association but changed the name two years later to the National Football League. In 1960, a Texas businessman pushed the effort to create the American Football League, or AFL. The two leagues competed with each other to sign top football players from universities around the country. In 1965, established NFL players began negotiating (谈判) to play for the competing league, AFL. So, officials of the two leagues decided to work together. This agreement established a championship game between the two leagues. It was officially called the AFLNFL World Championship Game but became known as the Super Bowl. The first Super Bowl was played in 1967 in Los Angeles, California. The Green Bay Packers defeated (战胜) the Kansas City Chiefs. It was far from an exciting game. Many of the seats in the sports center were vacant. That changed with the Super Bowl played two years later. Experts say the public finally accepted the new league when the New York Jets defeated the Baltimore Colts. After that game in 1969, officials of the two leagues decided to create a new National Football League. They divided the teams into two competing conferences (体育协会), the American Conference, or AFC, and the National Conference, NFC． Each year, the conference champions play in the Super Bowl. Today, the Super Bowl is a major sporting event, attracting tens of thousands of people around the globe. 37．Why was February 9, Sunday of 2025 important for many Americans? A．It was a national holiday. B．It was the day of the Super Bowl. C．It marked the start of the NFL season. D．It was the date of the NFL’s founding. 38．What led to the creation of the Super Bowl? A．The competition between NFL and AFL for top players. B．The wish for making new rules for championship game. C．The need to attract fans to professional football games. D．The decision to join the NFL and AFL into one league. 39．What does the underlined word “vacant” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Taken. B．Booked. C．Empty. D．Adaptable. 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．How the Super Bowl Became a Big Deal B．The Rise of Professional Football in the US C．How the NFL and AFL Changed Sports Forever D．The Development of American Football Leagues Passage 11 （24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试）In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a buzzword in the global tech community. It is a branch of computer science that aims to create systems capable of performing tasks that would normally require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI can be divided into two main categories: Narrow AI and General AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform a specific task, such as voice recognition or image analysis. It is the type of AI that powers virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa. General AI, on the other hand, is a more advanced form of AI that can understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a broad range of tasks at a human level. This type of AI is still in the development stage and is the focus of much research. The applications of AI are vast and varied. In the medical field, AI is used to analyze medical images, predict disease outbreaks, and assist in drug discovery. In the transportation sector, AI powers self-driving cars, which have the potential to reduce traffic accidents and improve transportation efficiency. In the education field, AI can provide personalized learning experiences for students by analyzing their learning patterns and adjusting the content accordingly. However, the rise of AI also brings some challenges. One of the most significant concerns is the potential loss of jobs. As AI systems become more capable, they may replace human workers in certain industries. There are also ethical issues related to AI, such as the use of AI in surveillance (监视), the potential for AI to be used in weapons, and the question of who is responsible when an AI system makes a mistake. Despite these challenges, the future of AI is bright. Many experts believe that AI will lead to significant improvements in our quality of life and will help solve some of the world’s most pressing problems. As we continue to develop and refine AI technologies, it is important to consider both the benefits and the risks, and to ensure that AI is used in a way that benefits all of humanity. 41．What is the main goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI)? A．To replace human intelligence. B．To create systems that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence. C．To make computers faster than humans. D．To provide entertainment through virtual assistants. 42．Which of the following is an example of Narrow AI? A．A self-driving car that can navigate complex traffic conditions. B．A virtual assistant that can answer specific questions. C．A system that can understand and solve any problem like a human. D．A robot that can perform surgery. 43．What is one of the major challenges associated with the rise of AI? A．Increased efficiency in transportation. B．The potential for job displacement. C．Improved accuracy in medical diagnostics. D．Enhanced educational experiences. 44．What is the future outlook for AI according to the passage? A．It will lead to significant improvements in quality of life. B．It will cause more problems than it solves. C．It will replace all human jobs. D．It will only be used in the medical field. Passage 12 （24-25高一下·河南郑州·开学考试）The word is an important building block for understanding spoken language. When a person hears a word, the brain will consider hundreds, if not thousands, of possibilities and rule out most of them in less than a second. McMurray has been studying word recognition in children and in older adults for many years. His research has shown differences in how people across all ages recognize spoken language. But those differences were so small and this made it difficult to categorize (分类). So, McMurmy and his research team turned to people who use cochlear implants, tools used by the deaf or severely hard-of-hearing. The experiments showed that the cochlear-implant users — even with a different way to hear — used the same basic process when choosing spoken words as normal hearing people. The researchers termed three word-recognition dimensions (维度): Wait and See; Sustained Activation; Slow Activation. Most cochlear-implant participants (参与者) used Wait and See to some degree, the researchers found, meaning they waited for as much as a quarter of a second after hearing the word to firmly decide which word they heard. The researchers also learned that some cochlear-implant participants chose Sustained Activation, in which listeners struggled for a bit between words before settling on what they thought was the word they heard, or they used Slow Activation, meaning they were slower to recognize words. Importantly, every listener seemed to use a combination (组合), with a different degree of each method. The dimensions match the patterns by which people without hearing problems, from youth to older ages, recognize words, as was shown in a study carried out by McMurray’s team before. The researchers now hope to use the findings to develop methods that may help people who are at the extreme ends of a particular word-recognition dimension. About 15% of adults in the United States have hearing loss, which could lead to some problems, such as cognitive decline, fewer social interactions, and greater isolation. “We aim to help them in a more correct way than simply asking them, ‘How well are you listening; do you struggle to understand speech in the real world?’ ” McMurray says. 45．Why did the researchers study cochlear-implant users? A．To group their way of word recognition. B．To teach them to understand spoken language. C．To find why they rule out most of words they hear. D．To judge whether they can get correct words. 46．What can we know about cochlear-implant users? A．They use a combination of different dimensions for word recognition. B．The process of their word recognition is different from that of normal people. C．Most of them like to use Slow Activation for word recognition. D．They are sometimes faster at recognizing words than normal people. 47．What will the findings be used for? A．Understanding the hearing problems in the elderly. B．Helping people with word-recognition difficulties. C．Developing new teaching methods for deaf children. D．Improving the design of cochlear implants for better hearing. 48．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Word-Recognition Dimensions. B．Basic Methods of Recognizing Words. C．Advantages of Using Cochlear Implants. D．Differences in Recognizing Spoken Language. Passage 13 （24-25高一下·广东·开学考试）Zoos divide opinion: there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species. To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day, over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct. Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild. Zoos have special breeding programmes to help those animals at risk. These breeding programmes are proving extremely successful. As Irene Shapiro from Zoo and Wildlife Support says, “the Puerto Rican Parrot has grown in numbers from just thirteen to about eighty-five and the Golden Lion Tamarin Monkey, which has almost ceased (停止) to exist twenty years ago, has been reintroduced back into the wild.” Unfortunately, not everyone understands this important role zoos play. For example, Brian Featherstone from the Anti-Zoo Forum says, “I can’t believe we take animals from the wild and put them in cages for the entertainment of the public! We should view them on film or TV in their natural environment.” However, this misses the point. A zoo does more than display animals to the public. It ensures their survival. Without zoos you would not be able to see many of these animals on TV or anywhere else! 49．What’s the writer’s attitude towards zoos? A．He shows no opinion either for or against them. B．He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel. C．He believes they play an important environmental role. D．He expresses a desire that more of them be built. 50．The underlined word “vanish” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______. A．remain B．disappear C．become rarer D．get killed 51．According to the passage the world’s tiger population _______. A．will rise by 5% next year B．is relatively stable C．is 95% smaller than in the past D．has fallen to 95% 52．According to the writer, the most important function of the zoo is to _______. A．make a lot of money B．entertain visitors C．ensure animals’ survival D．educate the public Passage 14 （24-25高一下·河南·开学考试）Fake reviews (虚假评论) are found across a wide range of popular shopping websites. These reviews are often traded between fake review dealers and businesses willing to pay. Sometimes, businesses get good reviews in exchange for offering buyers rewards (奖励) such as gift cards. But AI tools allow people to produce reviews faster and in greater numbers, technology industry experts say. The Transparency Company is a technology company and public protection group that uses software to discover fake reviews. For a recent report, the company examined 73 million reviews in three areas: home, legal and medical services. Nearly 14 percent of the reviews were likely fake. The company expressed a “high degree of confidence” that 2．3 million reviews were partly or totally AI-produced. The Federal Trade Commission（FTC）, which banned (明令禁止) the trade of fake reviews in 2024, said these reviews were for businesses like garage door fixers and sellers of fake designer bags. Last September, FTC took legal action against an AI writing tool and content producer, accusing the company of offering a service that could pollute the marketplace with fake reviews. Several major tech companies are developing policies for how AI-produced content fits into their systems for removing fake reviews on their shopping websites. Some companies already use special programs and teams to block or remove a large number of doubtful reviews and accounts. Kay Dean, who runs a public protection group called Fake Review Watch, said, “If these tech companies are so devoted to removing fake reviews on their platforms, why can I find hundreds or even thousands of fake reviews on any given day?” The Coalition for Trusted Reviews, an organization set up by some big shopping websites in 2023, said that even though people may put AI to illegal use, the technology could also present “an opportunity to push back against those who want to use reviews to mislead others”. 53．What does the first paragraph intend to show? A．Why shopping websites reward. B．How fake reviews come into being. C．How businesses discover fake reviews. D．Why fake review dealers want fake reviews. 54．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By comparing facts. B．By providing examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 55．What is Kay Dean’s attitude to some major tech companies’ efforts? A．Grateful. B．Dissatisfied. C．Uncaring. D．Inspired. 56．What does Coalition for Trusted Reviews want to express in the last paragraph? A．AI has two sides in managing fake reviews. B．AI will totally remove fake reviews one day. C．AI is not advanced enough to affect reviews. D．AI should be banned from review platforms. Passage 15 （24-25高一下·山东聊城·开学考试）A recent report from a United Nations group warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. Instead, technology should be used to support learning. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost, ” the report says. Technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really influences students.The new report says that many of the studies showing that technology helps students come from rich countries and that some of the studies supporting technology come from companies that sell technology to schools. As classes moved online, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s a larger problem. People and countries with less money are often left out. It is true that technology can help in many ways, like allowing students to learn in more interesting ways, helping teachers explain difficult ideas and helping students with special needs.But it can also be very distracting (分散注意力的). When students use phones in class, it can disturb (扰乱) their learning. One study that was carried out in 14 countries showed that even just having a smartphone nearby can be distracting. Even so, only less than 25% of the world’s countries don’t allow students to use phones in schools. The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers.Working with other classmates also helps students learn.Most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers. 57．What is the goal of the new UN report? A．To stress the importance of digital technology. B．To improve how technology is used in education. C．To encourage more schools to use technology in class. D．To pay more attention to the development of technology. 58．What is a relatively bigger problem for online class? A．Students cannot fully focus their attention. B．The Internet speed is much slower in many homes. C．Schools have to spend extra money on the Internet. D．The advantages of technology fail to be shared fairly. 59．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A．A recent UN report says that technology should not be used in classrooms. B．One study showed that over a quarter of the world’s countries mustn’t use phones in schools. C．The UN report says that the best way to learn is working with teachers instead of working with classmates. D．Technology can have influence both in good and bad ways. 60．What is the best title of the text? A．A UN Group Calls for Limit on Technology in Schools B．Countries Work Together to Improve Education C．Technology Plays an Important Role in Our Life D．Smartphones Help Students a Lot in Online Learning 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019） 专题08阅读理解提分引擎(题型解法与长难句拆解指南) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺 高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破 模拟精炼：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升 考点聚焦 考点（一） 阅读理解题型解法 考点（二） 阅读理解长难句拆解技巧 考点（三） 阅读理解避坑指南秘诀 考点（四） 阅读理解题易错点及应对指南 考点（五） 阅读理解提分解题策略 考点（六） 阅读理解实战模拟精炼 重点速记 考点（一） 阅读理解题型解法 高考英语阅读理解要想提分,需掌握各类题型解法,以下是详细介绍： 阅读理解题型解法: （一）事实细节题 解题方法： （1）寻读法。先看试题，再读文章，对有关信息进行快速定位，将相关信息整合、甄别、分析、对比， 排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此方法适用于图形表格类题材。 （2）注意事项：抓住事件的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，答案要符合原文，不可望文生义。同时，注意句子的逻辑关系，关注表因果、转折等关系的功能词。 （二）猜测词义题 解题方法: （1）根据定义或解释说明：在有 be，be called，call 等判断词的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号处， 可根据已知部分猜测生词含义。 （2）根据对比关系：在 but,however,yet等表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,可根据前后词的 对比关系猜词。 （2） 通过因果关系：利用 because，since，as，so 等连接原因状语从句或结果状语从句的连词， 依据已知部分通过因果关系猜词。 （4）根据生活常识：运用逻辑推理能力和自身生活经验及常识，联系上下文能读懂的部分来猜词。 （5）根据同等关系：当一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，且词义属于同一范畴， 中间常用并列连词 and 或 or 连接时，可根据同等关系猜词。 （5）根据列举的事例：通过文中列举的事例来猜测生词的含义。 （三）主旨大意题 解题方法： 通过串联首段和各段首句来把握文章主旨，优先选择包含 “首段核心词 + 尾段态度词” 的选项， 排除含单一细节的选项。 注意事项：要避免以段落细节代替全文中心，需从整体上把握文章内容。 （四）推理判断题 解题方法： 在原文依据旁用 “⇒” 标注推论，从原文出发，合理推断，避免主观臆断。 注意事项：不可过度推理，答案应基于原文信息，是对原文内容的合理引申。 考点（二） 阅读理解长难句拆解技巧 长难句拆解指南: （一）“主谓宾拆解法” 三步通关 抓主干：用横线划出主语和谓语动词，明确句子核心。 如 “The team ___ discovered a new method...”， 先找出 “team” 是主语，“discovered” 是谓语动词。 拆修饰：用括号括起从句、分词短语等修饰成分，简化句子结构。 例如 “who spent years researching” 这样的定语从句，可将其视为修饰成分括起来，暂时不看，以突出句子主干。 标逻辑：用符号标记转折（▲）、因果（★）、例证（◆）等关系。 如 “▲However,★due to climate change, ◆such as rising temperature...”， 通过标记逻辑关系词，更清晰地理解句子之间的关系。 每日训练：选取 3 个真题长难句，用不同颜色笔区分主干与修饰，如主语用黄色、 谓语用红色、从句用绿色，拍照留存对比进步，以增强对长难句的理解和分析能力。 考点（三） 阅读理解避坑指南秘诀 高考英语阅读理解的避坑指南秘诀： （一）认清干扰项特点 无中生有： 选项内容在文章中没有任何依据，是命题者凭空捏造的。 如:2023年新高考I卷中，题目问 “Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?” 有选项说 “To protect the plants.”，但原文未提及植物需要保护，属于无中生有。 （1）偷换概念：选项中的关键词与原文相似，但意思被改变。 比如原文说的是某种产品的 “quality”（质量）很好，选项中却换成了 “quantity”（数量）很多。 （2）因果倒置：选项中因果关系与原文相反。 若原文是 “A 导致 B”，选项可能变成 “B 导致 A”。 （3）绝对化表述：使用 “all”“always”“never”“must” 等极端词的选项，通常要谨慎对待， 因为这类表述过于绝对，不符合原文的意思。 （4）范围扩大或缩小：选项比原文描述的范围更宽泛或更具体。 如原文说的是 “some students”（一些学生），选项变成了 “all students”（所有学生），这就属于范围扩大。 （5）主观推测：选项内容是基于原文的过度推理，并非直接信息。如原文只是说某人做了某件事， 选项却推断出这个人有某种特定的性格特点，而原文中并没有相关暗示。 （6）混淆信息：采用原文的部分词汇，但改变了句意，将不同地方的信息拼凑在一起，造成误导。 （二）掌握正确阅读方法和答题步骤 阅读方法：运用略读了解文章主旨大意和结构框架，通过扫读快速定位关键信息，对于重点内容进行精读，分析句子结构和逻辑关系。 答题步骤：先看题干，明确题目类型和要求，划出关键词；然后带着问题读文章，根据关键词定位相关信息；最后结合原文内容，仔细分析选项，排除干扰项，选择正确答案。 （三）其他注意事项 （1）注意文章结构和逻辑关系：了解总分、对比、举例、数据引用等不同结构段落的特点和作用，关注转折、因果、并列等逻辑关系词，有助于更好地理解文章和把握考点。 （2）合理分配时间：简单的细节定位题耗时不超过1分钟，难题如主旨推断题控制在2.5分钟以内，避免在某一道题上花费过多时间，影响整体答题进度。 （3）认真检查:核对选项是否答非所问，特别注意代词指代是否准确，避免因粗心大意而丢分。 考点（四）熟悉各题型易错点及应对方法 （1）主旨大意题 易错点：容易被细节干扰，误把段落大意当作文章主旨；对文章整体把握不够，选择的选项过于片面或过于宽泛。 应对方法：重点阅读首段和尾段，关注每段的首句或尾句，寻找主题句。同时，要学会归纳总结，排除那些只涉及局部信息的选项。 （2）细节理解题 易错点：忽略题干中的限定词，导致定位错误；对原文信息理解不准确，被选项中的干扰信息迷惑。 应对方法：用题干中的关键词回文定位，找到原文出处后，仔细核对选项与原文的细节，注意同义替换，确保信息准确无误，不曲解、不夸大。 （3） 推理判断题 易错点：过度推理，加入自己的主观想法，超出了原文所给信息的范围；对文章中的暗示信息理解不到位，无法进行合理推断。 应对方法：识别关键词，分析上下文逻辑关系，寻找如情感词、因果关系等暗示信息。 答案必须基于文中信息，避免过度推测。 （4）词义猜测题 易错点：脱离上下文语境，仅凭对单词的常规理解来选择答案；对上下文的提示信息把握不准确，导致猜错词义。 应对方法：结合上下文，寻找解释、对比、因果等提示信息，还可以根据词根、前后缀来推测词义。 将选项代入原文，看是否符合语境和逻辑。 （5）指代关系题 易错点：没有准确理解上下文逻辑，找错指代对象；对代词的语法功能和指代规则不熟悉。 应对方法：向前寻找指代对象，通常是前一句的某个名词或概念，确保指代对象在逻辑上与代词一致。 （6）作者态度题 易错点：不能准确把握作者的情感倾向，被文中其他人的观点所干扰；对表示态度的词汇理解不准确，导致判断错误。 应对方法：关注文中的情感词，如 “fortunately”“surprisingly”“unfortunately”“doubtfully” 等，分析作者用词的褒贬色彩，从而判断作者的态度，排除极端选项。 考点（五） 阅读理解提分解题策略 高考英语阅读理解提分引擎的提分解题策略 （一）题型通用技巧 先看题干，明确题型和重点： 快速浏览题目，判断题目类型，如细节题、主旨题、推断题、词义猜测题等。 明确题目所问内容，圈出关键词，如人名、地名、数字、时间、关键动词或名词等， 带着问题去读文章，有针对性地寻找答案。 （二）学会定位，结合原文作答： 根据题干中的关键词，在文章中找到与之相关的段落或句子，这就是答案的定位区域。 仔细阅读定位区域的上下文，理解其含义，与选项进行对比分析，选择与原文意思最相符的选项。 注意，答案一定是基于原文内容，不能凭主观臆断或常识来答题。 （三）善用排除，缩小选择范围： 对于不确定的题目，可通过排除法缩小选择范围。排除与原文内容不符、与题目要求无关、 过于绝对或不合理的选项。有些选项可能只包含部分正确信息，或者偷换概念、以偏概全，要仔细辨别。 （四）阅读方法技巧 1、略读：快速浏览文章标题、首尾段、每段首句以及图片、图表等，了解文章的主旨大意、结构框架 和主要内容，明确文章的题材和体裁，为进一步阅读做好准备。 2、扫读：在略读的基础上，根据题目要求，有针对性地在文中寻找特定的信息，如人名、地名、数字、日期等。眼睛快速扫视文章，忽略无关信息，只关注与题目相关的内容，提高阅读效率。 3、精读：对于文章中的关键段落、长难句以及与题目相关的细节内容，要进行精读。仔细分析句子结构，理解每个单词和短语的含义，把握句子之间的逻辑关系，从而准确理解文章的深层含义。 考点（六） 阅读理解实战模拟精炼 Passage 01 （24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试）Songbirds do have a perfect voice. Every species of bird wakes up at a very particular time in the morning and begins to sing. This is because each species has its own specific waking stimulus (刺激), which is linked to the brightness of the sunlight. Like human beings who have to learn to speak, birds also have to learn how to sing. They do this in several stages. First, they practice voices and sounds, which is comparable to the early stage in human language development. During the second stage, the birds practice their song for eight to nine months, until memory and practice match up. The singing is strengthened during the final stage. Although nightingales got their name as a result of their singing at night, not all nightingales sing at night. Generally, both males and females sing during the day. The night song is used mainly for seeking partners. After succeeding in attracting a female, the male nightingale falls silent and doesn’t start his song again until the early morning. Birds are seasonal singers. We only hear numerous kinds of bird concerts between spring and high summer. This is the time when birds are looking for partners, and when the males aim to mark out their territory (地盘). Even after finding a partner, males continue to sing when they are showing their offspring (幼崽) how to sing. Birds don’t all sing as well as others, not even within a species (物种). The song of a bird in  London will be quite different from that of a bird in Paris or Berlin. Although the members of each bird species share a vocabulary of sounds, dialectal (方言的) differences are quite common. The individual dialects are not natural but are learnt while birds are still young, just as children adopt the dialect of their parents. The young birds always sing as well or as badly as their teachers, whose style and talent are different from area to area. 1．Why do different species of birds sing at different times in the morning? A．They have different models of memory. B．They prefer different weather conditions. C．They react to the brightness differently. D．They have different reference objects of waking up. 2．What’s the main reason for the male nightingale’s singing at night? A．To enlarge its territory. B．To teach its offspring. C．To drive enemies away. D．To draw females’ attention. 3．What mainly determines a bird’s sound of singing? A．Its inborn talent. B．Its learning ability. C．Its species’ popularity. D．Its growing environment. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The Science of Birds’ Singing B．Language Development of Birds C．The Seasonal Change of Birdsongs D．The Difference of Dialects in Bird Communication 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了鸟类歌唱的科学，包括不同鸟类歌唱时间不同的原因、夜莺夜间歌唱的主要原因、决定鸟类歌唱声音的主要因素等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is because each species has its own specific waking stimulus (刺激), which is linked to the brightness of the sunlight. (这是因为每种鸟类都有自己特定的唤醒刺激，这与阳光的亮度有关。)”可知，不同种类的鸟在早上不同的时间唱歌是因为它们对阳光的亮度反应不同。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The night song is used mainly for seeking partners. (夜曲主要用于寻找伴侣。)”可知，雄性夜莺在夜间歌唱的主要原因是吸引雌性的注意。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Although the members of each bird species share a vocabulary of sounds, dialectal (方言的) differences are quite common. The individual dialects are not natural but are learnt while birds are still young, just as children adopt the dialect of their parents. (虽然每种鸟类的成员都有一套共同的声音词汇，但方言的差异是很常见的。个体方言不是天生的，而是在鸟类还小的时候学到的，就像孩子采用父母的方言一样。)”可知，决定鸟类歌唱声音的主要因素是它的生长环境。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Songbirds do have a perfect voice. Every species of bird wakes up at a very particular time in the morning and begins to sing. (鸣禽确实有一副好嗓子。每种鸟类都在早上一个特定的时间醒来，开始唱歌。)”可知，文章主要讲述了关于鸟类歌唱的科学，包括不同鸟类歌唱时间不同的原因、夜莺夜间歌唱的主要原因、决定鸟类歌唱声音的主要因素等，所以A项“The Science of Birds’ Singing (鸟类歌唱的科学)”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 02 （24-25高一下·河北衡水·开学考试）Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (反应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol (皮质醇) in our sweat. This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 volunteers and their dogs took part. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own feelings can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph.D．student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 5．Why did volunteers in the study do public speaking and math tasks? A．To test their social skills. B．To see how dogs would help them. C．To show their ability to reduce pressure. D．To raise their stress and cortisol levels. 6．What happened when dogs smelled stress in the study? A．Their response was faster. B．They stayed away from their owners. C．They focused less on food. D．They barked to warn owners of danger. 7．What might be the reason dogs developed the ability to sense stress? A．To avoid danger. B．To protect their food. C．To hunt more effectively. D．To better understand humans. 8．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A guidebook for dog training. B．A scientific research report. C．A newspaper about animal adventures. D．A magazine about wildlife protection. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了狗能嗅出人类的压力这一有趣的发现。文章介绍了相关的研究过程、狗的这种能力对其生存的意义等内容，说明狗与人类之间有着深厚的情感联系。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat.(这些志愿者在没有任何准备的情况下进行公开演讲和解决数学难题的测试。他们的担忧使汗液中出现了更多的皮质醇)”可知，让志愿者做这些是为了增加他们的压力和皮质醇水平。故选D。 6．细节理解题。 根据第三段“When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position(当狗闻到这种有压力的汗液时，它们的好奇心降低，对位置不确定的食物碗也不那么感兴趣了)”可知，狗闻到压力时，对食物的关注度会降低。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk.(嗯，这可能是因为感知压力有助于狗在过去生存。如果它们能判断出群体中的另一个成员何时感到担忧和压力，它们就知道自己可能处于危险之中)”可知，狗发展出感知压力的能力可能是为了避免危险。故选A。 8．推理判断题。主要讲述了狗能嗅出人类的压力这一有趣的发现。文章介绍了相关的研究过程、狗的这种能力对其生存的意义等内容，说明狗与人类之间有着深厚的情感联系。属于科学研究报告。故选D。 Passage 03 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·开学考试）Making a film is like solving a complex puzzle. While actors and the story are what we see on screen, many people work behind the scenes to make the movie come alive. Each person has a unique role to play in bringing the final product to life. The director is often regarded as the leader of the project. They guide the actors, determine the visual composition of each scene, and collaborate (合作) closely with the cinematographer to select the most effective camera angles and lighting. The cinematographer, also known as the director of photography, is responsible for capturing the film’s visual aesthetic. They manipulate (熟练操作) light and shadow to create the desired mood and atmosphere. Another key person is the production designer, who oversees the film’s overall look. They make sure every detail, from the sets to the costumes, matches the story’s setting and tone. For example, if the film is set in a historical period, the production designer ensures that the props, clothing, and environments accurately reflect that time. They work with art directors, set decorators, and costume designers to create a cohesive (协调的) and believable world. Sound designers and editors also play a crucial role. They enhance the film’s emotional impact by adding sound effects, background noises, and music. Without their contributions, even the most exciting scenes would lack depth and intensity. Finally, the editor carefully assembles (整合) the footage, selecting the best takes and arranging them to create a compelling narrative (扣人心弦的叙事). This process, which can take months, is essential for making sure the film flows smoothly and keeps the audience engaged. 9．Who directly works with actors to decide how scenes should look? A．The cinematographer. B．The production designer. C．The director. D．The sound editor. 10．The underlined word “aesthetic” in Paragraph 2 most closely means _____________. A．emotional impact B．visual style C．historical accuracy D．story structure 11．If a film’s 1920s setting feels unrealistic, which role likely failed their job? A．The editor. B．The production designer. C．The cinematographer. D．The sound designer. 12．Why might editing take months to complete? A．Actors need time to prepare their performances. B．Selecting the best shots and organizing them carefully takes time. C．Creating realistic sound effects requires multiple tries. D．Directors want to give creative improvements enough time. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．B 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电影制作中不同的职业的不同作用。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“The director is often regarded as the leader of the project. They guide the actors, determine the visual composition of each scene, and collaborate (合作) closely with the cinematographer to select the most effective camera angles and lighting.(导演通常被认为是这个项目的负责人。他们指导演员，确定每个场景的视觉构图，并与摄影师密切合作，选择最有效的镜头角度和灯光)”可知，导演直接和演员一起决定场景应该是什么样子。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They manipulate (熟练操作) light and shadow to create the desired mood and atmosphere.(他们操纵光影来创造出想要的情绪和氛围)”可知，电影摄影师操纵光影来创造出想要的情绪和氛围，说明他们负责捕捉电影的视觉风格。故划线词意思是“视觉风格”。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Another key person is the production designer, who oversees the film’s overall look. They make sure every detail, from the sets to the costumes, matches the story’s setting and tone.(另一个关键人物是制作设计师，他负责监督电影的整体外观。他们确保每一个细节，从布景到服装，都符合故事的背景和基调)”可知，如果一部电影的背景设定在20世纪20年代，感觉不太现实，制作设计师可能是失败的。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally, the editor carefully assembles (整合) the footage, selecting the best takes and arranging them to create a compelling narrative (扣人心弦的叙事). This process, which can take months, is essential for making sure the film flows smoothly and keeps the audience engaged.(最后，剪辑师仔细地整理这些镜头，挑选出最好的片段，并将它们编排成一个引人入胜的故事。这个过程可能需要几个月的时间，但对于确保电影顺利进行并保持观众的注意力至关重要)”可知，需要几个月才能完成编辑，是因为选择最好的镜头并仔细组织它们需要时间。故选B。 Passage 04 （24-25高一下·广东佛山·开学考试）I remember my first true introduction to art fondly. It was my second year of university and I was a confused 19-year-old at the time, unsure of what academic path I wanted to pursue. I knew that I had always been fascinated by things that made me question the world around me, and my art history class was the first time I really got to get my feet wet. My professor, a post-graduate with natty (齐整的) hair, entertained us with her stories of travel and revealed the arts of the world to us, something that had not been touched on since my primary school years. The grand story of time was told in broken Greek sculptures, figures whose amazingly detailed limestone carvings were often missing arms and heads to the brittle ravages (无情的破坏) of time. We explored the patterns of the Medieval era and the early Renaissance religious symbolism of Michelangelo and Botticelli. We analyzed the mustard (芥末黄) and chiaroscuro (明暗对比) glare of the Baroque paintings of Caravaggio and El Greco, and we were amazed by the sandcastle-naturalism of the Spanish architect Gaudi. The history of art has fascinated me ever since. I never had a talent for art myself, but I always did have a well-grounded appreciation for those who did . In primary school, we explored art through music and painting classes; but once we entered secondary school, art was an elective course and quickly limited to the dustbins of my memory. It was only after that humble art history class that I realized what I had been missing. I strongly believe that a well-rounded society needs everyone to have an early education in the arts. A healthy society needs all its members to open their eyes — and their minds — so that they can learn what is true and beautiful, just as the famous Greek philosopher Plato said, “The reflection of beauty causes the soul to grow wings”. 13．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase in the first paragraph? A．The author got lost in the art history class due to the confusion. B．The author was starting to figure out the exact academic path. C．The author was starting to learn to appreciate art. D．The author wet his feet because of carelessness. 14．Why did the author mention the professor? A．To show his love for Greek sculptures. B．To show the beginning of his love for art. C．To tell readers the professor’s love for grand stories. D．To tell readers what the Renaissance religious symbolism is. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards art education? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Opposed. D．Doubtful. 16．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To advocate the popularity of art history. B．To propose a change in the education of art history. C．To urge people to explore more art classes in an early age. D．To arouse people’s awareness of the importance of early art education. 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．B 16．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者初识艺术的经历，以及作者对艺术教育的看法。 13．词句猜测题。根据上文“I remember my first true introduction to art fondly. (我深情地记得我第一次真正接触艺术的经历。)”和“I knew that I had always been fascinated by things that made me question the world around me (我一直对那些让我对周围世界产生疑问的事物着迷。)”可知，艺术史课程正是作者第一次真正涉足这个领域的尝试。get my feet wet表示“作者开始接触并尝试新事物”，即开始学习欣赏艺术。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“My professor, a post-graduate with natty hair, entertained us with her stories of travel and revealed the arts of the world to us, something that had not been touched on since my primary school years. (我的教授是一位头发整洁的研究生，她用旅行故事逗我们开心，并向我们揭示了世界的艺术，这是自小学以来从未涉及过的内容。)”可知，作者提到教授是因为教授向作者揭示了世界的艺术，这成为作者爱上艺术的开始。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I strongly believe that a well-rounded society needs everyone to have an early education in the arts. A healthy society needs all its members to open their eyes — and their minds — so that they can learn what is true and beautiful (我坚信，一个全面发展的社会需要每个人都早期接受艺术教育。一个健康的社会需要其所有成员睁开眼睛——以及他们的思想——这样他们才能学习什么是真实和美丽的)”可知，作者强烈认为一个健康的社会需要所有成员都接受早期艺术教育，这表明作者对艺术教育是支持的。故选B。 16．推理判断题。文章讲述了作者初识艺术的经历，以及最后一段“I strongly believe that a well-rounded society needs everyone to have an early education in the arts. A healthy society needs all its members to open their eyes — and their minds — so that they can learn what is true and beautiful (我坚信，一个全面发展的社会需要每个人都早期接受艺术教育。一个健康的社会需要其所有成员睁开他们的眼睛——以及他们的心灵——这样他们才能学会什么是真实和美好的)”提到作者对艺术教育的看法，即作者认为一个健康的社会需要所有成员都接受早期艺术教育，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是唤起人们对早期艺术教育重要性的认识。故选D。 Passage 05 （24-25高一下·广西南宁·开学考试）At six o’clock sharp the curtain rises at Southside Cultural Center, in Reno. Two hundred audience members, including the mayor of Reno, look to the stage. Dozens of actors break out into the first number of The Lion King. But this is not your typical production. The gifted cast is made up of homeless children living at the Volunteers of America family shelter in Reno. The children have been given a chance to live their dreams onstage, thanks to volunteer acting coach Nasya Mancini. “I see so much of myself in these kids,” says Nasya. “I tell them their current circumstance doesn’t have to be their destiny (命运). If they are determined,they can do anything they want.” Determination is something Nasya knows all about. She was born prematurely and was given little chance of survival. But Nasya kept fighting. Her very name means “miracle” in Hebrew. Nasya was small,but quickly proved that her talents were as big as her will to survive. She started dancing at two. By six she’ d been spotted by an acting coach, who encouraged her parents to enroll her in drama classes. “There was something about being onstage,” Nasya says. “It made my spirit come alive.” She decided that she was going to be an actor. However, her enthusiasm didn’t sit well with some of her schoolmates. They teased her, “You’re a shrimp. You’re not even pretty.” Nasya came home in tears. Her mother hugged her and told her to ignore it.By high school, Nasya was winning awards in theater competitions. She also provided community service by teaching drama to the children at the shelter. Nasya wanted the kids at the shelter to discover the confidence that acting could give. The best way to do that, she decided, was to put on a big play. The production was a hit. The kids took several curtain calls. Donations to the shelter rolled in. Nasya reminds the kids of something she knows with every part of her spirit to be true: “Believe in yourself. The world is your stage.” 17．What was special about the play The Lion King? A．It was performed by homeless kids. B．It was starred by Nasya Mancini. C．It was staged at the local shelter. D．It was funded by the mayor of Reno. 18．Which of the following best describes Nasya? A．Creative and modest. B．Confident and demanding. C．Determined and humorous. D．Talented and caring. 19．Why did Nasya decide to put on the play? A．To complete her community service. B．To build the kids’ confidence. C．To win a local theater competition. D．To collect public donations. 20．What is the best title for the text? A．Volunteers Make a Difference. B．Rising from Shelter to Stage. C．Sharing Her Dream with Homeless Teens. D．The Lion King Is Roaring Back. 【答案】17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nasya Mancini虽然是早产儿，但是她意志力坚强，决心成为一名演员，最终她的梦想实现了，她还帮助无家可归的儿童在舞台上实现他们的梦想。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The gifted cast is made up of homeless children living at the Volunteers of America family shelter in Reno.(演员阵容由居住在里诺美国志愿者家庭庇护所的无家可归的儿童组成)”可知，《狮子王》这部戏的特别之处在于是由无家可归的孩子表演的。故选A。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段“Nasya was small, but quickly proved that her talents were as big as her will to survive. She started dancing at two.(纳西娅虽然个子很小，但很快就证明了她的才华和她的生存意志一样强大。她两岁开始跳舞)”以及倒数第二段中“She also provided community service by teaching drama to the children at the shelter. Nasya wanted the kids at the shelter to discover the confidence that acting could give.(她还通过向庇护所的孩子们教授戏剧来提供社区服务。纳西娅希望庇护所的孩子们能够发现表演可以带来的自信)”可知，娜西亚有才华，有爱心。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Nasya wanted the kids at the shelter to discover the confidence that acting could give. The best way to do that, she decided, was to put on a big play.(纳西娅希望庇护所的孩子们能够发现表演可以带来的自信。她决定，最好的办法就是上演一出大戏)”可知，娜西亚决定上演这出戏是为了建立孩子们的信心。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The gifted cast is made up of homeless children living at the Volunteers of America family shelter in Reno. The children have been given a chance to live their dreams onstage, thanks to volunteer acting coach Nasya Mancini.(演员阵容由居住在里诺美国志愿者家庭庇护所的无家可归的儿童组成。感谢志愿表演教练纳西娅·曼奇尼的帮助，孩子们有机会在舞台上实现自己的梦想)”结合文章主要讲述了Nasya Mancini虽然是早产儿，但是她意志力坚强，决心成为一名演员，最终她的梦想实现了，她还帮助无家可归的儿童在舞台上实现他们的梦想。可知，C选项“与无家可归的青少年分享她的梦想”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 06 （24-25高一下·江西宜春·开学考试）It was January in Kansas. The snowstorm hit, cutting off our power. So, though it was around noon, we were put into darkness. No television, no heat, no light. This was back in the days when people had only radios to listen to. Granddad Charlie gathered up his winter coat, scarf, and gloves, and disappeared into the snow. A few minutes later, he returned, with wood under his arms. Looking at my brother and me, he said. “Come on, boys. Time to build a fire.” But the curiosity for the fire wasn’t enough to keep the attention of a 7-year-old boy and a 5-year-old boy, and we were soon annoying Grandpa repeatedly as to what was next. “There’s no TV, Grandpa,” I complained, “What are we going to do?” “Let’s go camping.” Grandpa answered. We ran upstairs to get our sleeping bags, pillows, and stuffed animals back (毛绒玩具靠背). When we returned, Grandpa had rearranged the furniture, clearing an open space in front of the fire. In short order, we had a fine campground. “Now then,” Grandpa began, opening a strange-looking game board, “who’s up for a little game of checkers?” For the next hour or so, Grandpa taught us on the fine art of placing checkers. I became a fair player after losing four games in a row. Then, surprisingly, I beat Grandpa. When I asked him if he had let me win, he merely smile. Checkers was soon followed up with hangman. Afterward, Grandpa found his old, weathered guitar and sang us some campfire songs, the words to which my brother and I did not know but to which we sang along. And right then, something terrible happened. The power came back on. Mom and Dad gave a cheer. But for my brother and me, it was the end of a grand adventure. We stood there, speechless. Grandpa looked at us, smiled, and then slowly, he walked across the room and turned the light off. 21．What can we know from the first 3 paragraphs? A．The children were curious about building the fire. B．The children were excited about the power failure. C．The children didn’t like the fire and went camping. D．The story happened on a cold winter snow evening. 22．Why did Grandpa turn off the light at last? A．To create a sense of holiday. B．To keep a camp atmosphere. C．To save as much energy as he can. D．To remind the family to go to bed. 23．Which of the following best describes Grandpa? A．Imaginative and brave. B．Experienced and generous. C．Intelligent and curious. D．Caring and understanding. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．An Unforgettable camping B．Our Harmonious Family C．Our Respectable Grandpa D．A Terrible Snowstorm 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．D 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了停电时爷爷陪兄弟俩度过有趣时光。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But the curiosity for the fire wasn't enough to keep the attention of a 7-year-old boy and a 5-year-old boy, and we were soon annoying Grandpa repeatedly as to what was next.(但对火的这份好奇还不足以拴住一个7岁男孩和一个5岁男孩的注意力，我们很快就不断缠着爷爷问接下来要做什么)”可知，孩子们对生火是好奇的，只是这种好奇不足以让他们长时间保持注意力。所以能从前三段知道孩子们对生火感到好奇。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And right then, something terrible happened. The power came back on.(就在那时，可怕的事情发生了。电来了)”以及最后一段 “Mom and Dad gave a cheer. But for my brother and me, it was the end of a grand adventure. We stood there, speechless. Grandpa looked at us, smiled, and then slowly, he walked across the room and turned the light off.(爸爸妈妈欢呼起来。但对我和弟弟来说，这是一场伟大冒险的结束。我们站在那里，说不出话来。爷爷看着我们，笑了笑，然后慢慢地，他穿过房间，把灯关掉了)”可知，爷爷看到作者他们因为电来了冒险要结束而难过。由此可推知，关掉灯是为了保持露营的氛围，让他们能继续享受这段时光。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据第四段““Let’s go camping.” Grandpa answered.(“我们去露营吧。”爷爷回答道)”以及“And right then, something terrible happened. The power came back on.(就在那时，可怕的事情发生了。电来了)”以及最后一段 “Mom and Dad gave a cheer. But for my brother and me, it was the end of a grand adventure. We stood there, speechless. Grandpa looked at us, smiled, and then slowly, he walked across the room and turned the light off.(爸爸妈妈欢呼起来。但对我和弟弟来说，这是一场伟大冒险的结束。我们站在那里，说不出话来。爷爷看着我们，笑了笑，然后慢慢地，他穿过房间，把灯关掉了)”可知，在停电时，爷爷带着孩子们生火、露营、玩游戏、唱歌等，让孩子们度过了一段有趣的时光，并且在电来了孩子们失望时，爷爷关掉灯照顾孩子们的情绪，由此可推知，爷爷是体贴的和善解人意的。故选D。 24．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕停电时爷爷带着作者和弟弟生火、露营、玩游戏等一系列经历展开，重点突出了这段特别的露营经历让作者他们 难忘，所以“An Unforgettable camping(一次难忘的露营)”能很好地概括文章内容，作为标题合适。故选A。 Passage 07 （24-25高一下·河南·开学考试）David Rush broke his 181st record, giving him a new kind of record — the record for the most Guinness World Records held at the same time. Rush, who’s 40, began working to set world records to show how important it is to keep doing our best and push our own limits, even when things are hard. In 2015, Rush decided to set a record by juggling (玩杂耍) with his eyes covered. After practicing for several weeks, Rush managed to juggle blindfolded for 6 minutes and 34 seconds. That was Rush’s first Guinness World Record. He even broke this record twice in a row (连续). Rush enjoys the hard work of training to break records, during which he finds it helps him stay in shape, and that it’s fun to try new things. Many of the records Rush sets are unusual. He’s balanced 101 rolls of toilet paper on his head. He’s caught 59 marshmallows (棉花软糖) in his mouth in one minute. Rush’s family supports him in his efforts. His three children enjoy practicing with him. In 2021, his wife allowed Rush to wrap (用……包裹) her in plastic wrap to set a new record. Most of Rush’s records get set at his home, with volunteers helping out, carefully recording the event. But Rush’s main job is giving encouraging speeches at businesses and schools. Technology is very important in today’s world, and that makes him a big fan of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) in education. He wants students to believe that even if they struggle with science or math, they can still become an engineer or anything they want to become. In all, Rush has broken over 300 Guinness World Records, but many of these records have been broken again. He visited the main office of Guinness World Records in London, England. During his visit, he set 15 world records in a single day. 25．What mainly drives Rush to set records? A．His curiosity about new things. B．His goal to win most world titles. C．His preference for blindfolded juggling. D．His determination to challenge himself. 26．What do we know about Rush’s Guinness World Records? A．He broke his own record in blindfolded juggling. B．He failed in balancing toilet paper rolls on his head. C．He first set a record in wrapping his kids in plastic wrap. D．He set two records in catching marshmallows in his mouth. 27．What message does Rush express in his speeches at schools and businesses? A．The necessity of physical fitness. B．The importance of becoming famous. C．His encouragement to go after dreams. D．His dissatisfaction with breaking records. 28．Which can be the most suitable title for the text? A．Holding a World Record by Chance. B．Setting a Record by Setting Records. C．The Journey of a Record-breaking Family. D．The Science Behind Guinness World Records. 【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了David Rush不断打破吉尼斯世界纪录的故事，他以此激励人们挑战自我、追求梦想。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Rush, who’s 40, began working to set world records to show how important it is to keep doing our best and push our own limits, even when things are hard.(40岁的Rush开始努力创造世界纪录，以表明即使在困难的时候，我们也要尽力而为，挑战自己的极限，这是非常重要的)”可知，是他挑战自己的决心主要驱使Rush去创造纪录。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段“After practicing for several weeks, Rush managed to juggle blindfolded for 6 minutes and 34 seconds. That was Rush’s first Guinness World Record. He even broke this record twice in a row.(经过几个星期的练习，Rush成功地蒙着眼睛杂耍了6分钟34秒。这是Rush的第一个吉尼斯世界纪录。他甚至连续两次打破了这个纪录)”可知，关于Rush的吉尼斯世界纪录，我们知道他打破了自己蒙眼杂耍的纪录。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据第四段“But Rush’s main job is giving encouraging speeches at businesses and schools.(但Rush的主要工作是在企业和学校发表鼓舞人心的演讲)”和“He wants students to believe that even if they struggle with science or math, they can still become an engineer or anything they want to become.(他希望学生们相信，即使他们在科学或数学上遇到困难，他们仍然可以成为工程师或任何他们想成为的人)”可知，Rush在学校和企业的演讲中表达了他鼓励人们追逐梦想这一信息。故选C。 28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了David Rush不断打破吉尼斯世界纪录的故事，他以此激励人们挑战自我、追求梦想，他创造了保持最多吉尼斯世界纪录的新纪录，由此可知，B项：“Setting a Record by Setting Records.(通过创造纪录来创造纪录)”这一标题最适合这篇文章。故选B。 Passage 08 （24-25高一下·河北张家口·开学考试）Scientists have come up with an unusual idea for how to solve global warming - cool the Earth by putting ice into the upper atmosphere (大气层) to make it drier. Water vapour (水汽) is a natural greenhouse gas that traps heat. Researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NASA believe that if they add ice up high in the air, it could dry out the upper atmosphere and reduce its ability to trap human-caused warmth. So far, it’s just an early idea that scientists could add to their last toolbox against climate change, said NOAA physicist Dr Joshua Schwarz, lead author of the study published in scientific journal Science Advances. “This is about exploring what might be possible in the future and identifying research directions,” he said, explaining scientists didn’t have the technology to put the idea into practice yet. The means is one of a few suggested by scientists that aim to reduce the effect of climate change by mending the world’s atmosphere. The way it could possibly work is that hi-tech planes could put ice particles about 17km high, where the air slowly rises. The researchers believe that the ice and cold air would rise to where it’s coldest, making the water vapour turn to ice and fall, drying out the stratosphere (平流层) in the process. Putting two tons of ice per week could reduce global heating by about five percent of the warming caused by fossil fuels. But researchers were unsure how they would put the ice and whether the practice could cause side-effects. 29．What is the text mainly about? A．Scientists solved global warming. B．Scientists found the causes of global warming. C．Scientists got to know the result of global warming. D．Scientists thought of a possible way to solve global warming. 30．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The air at a height of 17km rises fast. B．This is the only way scientists advised. C．Advance in plane can make the ideas possible. D．The means is supported by few scientists. 31．What stops scientists from carrying out the idea? A．They don’t have enough money. B．They are not allowed by the law. C．They are faced with extreme climate. D．They haven’t found the way to put the ice. 32．Where is the text most likely from? A．A newspaper. B．A notebook. C．A science fiction. D．A textbook. 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．D 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇科普类说明文，主要讲述了科学家提出了一种通过向高层大气投放冰来减少全球变暖的潜在方法。 29．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists have come up with an unusual idea for how to solve global warming — cool the Earth by putting ice into the upper atmosphere to make it drier. (科学家提出了一个不寻常的想法来解决全球变暖问题 - 通过向高层大气投放冰来冷却地球，使其变得更干燥。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是科学家提出了一种可能的解决全球变暖的方法。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The way it could possibly work is that hi-tech planes could put ice particles about 17km high, where the air slowly rises. (这种方法可能的工作原理是，高科技飞机可以将冰颗粒投放到约17公里的高空，那里的空气缓慢上升。)”可知，飞机的技术进步使得这一想法成为可能。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But researchers were unsure how they would put the ice and whether the practice could cause side-effects. (但研究人员不确定如何投放冰，以及这种做法是否会产生副作用。)”可知，科学家尚未找到投放冰的方法。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据文章整体内容，尤其是第三段“This is about exploring what might be possible in the future and identifying research directions, (这是关于探索未来可能的方向并确定研究方向的。)”以及文章的科学性和报道性质，可以推断本文最可能来自报纸。故选A。 Passage 09 （24-25高一上·山东滨州·期末）Once plentiful around the world, the number of peregrine falcons (游隼) began to fall after World War II with the introduction of pesticides like dieldrin, aldrin and DDT. Dieldrin and aldrin killed the birds directly, while DDT weakened chicks eggshells, lowering their chances of survival. In the US, the falcons’ number reached a low point of 324 pairs in 1974 - a sharp decline from more than 3,800 pairs before the mid-20th century. Peregrine falcons were placed on the endangered species list in 1970. The US Environmental Protection Agency banned (禁止) the use of DDT in 1972. Two years later, the agency banned most use of aldrin and dieldrin, with an exception for white ant control. Before long, the bans worked. Four climbers made a surprising discovery while climbing Yosemite’s EI Capitan in 1978: an active peregrine falcon nest, which had not been seen in the area for decades. They reported their find to the Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group, who quickly took action. They came up with an ambitious plan and asked the climbers if they wanted to help. At their request, the climbers once again climbed EI Capitan, but this time, they collected samples of eggs from the nest and brought them back down for testing. The eggs were delicate and thin, so researchers decided to incubate (孵化) them in a lab, and then rock climbers risked their lives returning the chicks to the nest. Peregrine falcons were removed from the endangered species list in 1999. As many as 40,000 individuals may now be flying freely in North America. Without the cooperation of climbers, peregrine falcons might still be struggling to gain a foothold in Yosemite. Instead, the birds’ recovery is a rare success story where humans prioritized the needs of other species above their own. 33．What caused the drop in the number of peregrine falcons? A．World War II. B．The chemicals. C．City development. D．Air pollution. 34．How did the climbers help the Bird Research Group? A．They carried the eggs back for testing. B．They reported their finding to people. C．They found the nest in the EI Capitan. D．They risked their lives protecting eggs. 35．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Peregrine falcons are looking for their homes. B．People rarely put their own needs in the first place. C．People have helped Peregrine falcons recover successfully. D．Peregrine falcons are still on the endangered species list now. 36．Where can we probably read the passage? A．A news report. B．A research paper. C．A travel leaflet. D．A nature magazine. 【答案】33．B 34．A 35．C 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了游隼因化学物质减少，后因人类保护措施数量恢复的变化历程。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Once plentiful around the world, the number of peregrine falcons (游隼) began to fall after World War II with the introduction of pesticides like dieldrin, aldrin and DDT. Dieldrin and aldrin killed the birds directly, while DDT weakened chicks eggshells, lowering their chances of survival. (曾经在世界各地大量繁殖的游隼，在第二次世界大战后，随着狄氏剂、艾氏剂和滴滴涕等杀虫剂的使用，游隼的数量开始下降。)”可知二战后随着狄氏剂、艾氏剂和滴滴涕等农药的使用，游隼数量开始下降，这些农药都属于化学物质，所以是化学物质导致其数量下降，故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段“At their request, the climbers once again climbed EI Capitan, but this time, they collected samples of eggs from the nest and brought them back down for testing. (在他们的要求下，登山者们再次爬上了EI Capitan，但这一次，他们从巢中收集了卵的样本，并把它们带回了地面进行测试。)” 可知登山者从巢中收集了卵的样本并带回进行测试，故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Peregrine falcons were removed from the endangered species list in 1999. As many as 40,000 individuals may now be flying freely in North America. (游隼于1999年从濒危物种名单中删除。现在可能有多达4万个在北美自由飞行。)”可知游隼从濒危物种名单中移除，说明人们的努力使游隼成功恢复数量，故选C。 36．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Peregrine falcons were removed from the endangered species list in 1999. As many as 40,000 individuals may now be flying freely in North America. Without the cooperation of climbers, peregrine falcons might still be struggling to gain a foothold in Yosemite. Instead, the birds’ recovery is a rare success story where humans prioritized the needs of other species above their own. (游隼于1999年从濒危物种名单中删除。现在可能有多达4万人在北美自由飞行。如果没有攀登者的合作，游隼可能还在挣扎着在优胜美地站稳脚跟。相反，鸟类的恢复是一个罕见的成功故事，人类优先考虑其他物种的需求而不是自己的需求。)” 可知文章主要讲述了游隼数量因化学物质减少，后因人类保护措施数量恢复的过程，是关于自然生物的内容，故推断最可能出现在自然杂志上，故选D。 Passage 10 （24-25高一下·辽宁抚顺·开学考试）February 9, Sunday of 2025, was not a holiday in the US, but it might seem like one to Americans. Many were attending parties to watch Super Bowl LIX of this year. The Super Bowl is the championship game of professional American football held by the National Football League (联赛), or NFL, which has 32 teams mainly based in large cities across the US. The first professional league was formed in 1920,when players of four teams met in Canton, Ohio. The group first called itself the American Professional Football Association but changed the name two years later to the National Football League. In 1960, a Texas businessman pushed the effort to create the American Football League, or AFL. The two leagues competed with each other to sign top football players from universities around the country. In 1965, established NFL players began negotiating (谈判) to play for the competing league, AFL. So, officials of the two leagues decided to work together. This agreement established a championship game between the two leagues. It was officially called the AFLNFL World Championship Game but became known as the Super Bowl. The first Super Bowl was played in 1967 in Los Angeles, California. The Green Bay Packers defeated (战胜) the Kansas City Chiefs. It was far from an exciting game. Many of the seats in the sports center were vacant. That changed with the Super Bowl played two years later. Experts say the public finally accepted the new league when the New York Jets defeated the Baltimore Colts. After that game in 1969, officials of the two leagues decided to create a new National Football League. They divided the teams into two competing conferences (体育协会), the American Conference, or AFC, and the National Conference, NFC． Each year, the conference champions play in the Super Bowl. Today, the Super Bowl is a major sporting event, attracting tens of thousands of people around the globe. 37．Why was February 9, Sunday of 2025 important for many Americans? A．It was a national holiday. B．It was the day of the Super Bowl. C．It marked the start of the NFL season. D．It was the date of the NFL’s founding. 38．What led to the creation of the Super Bowl? A．The competition between NFL and AFL for top players. B．The wish for making new rules for championship game. C．The need to attract fans to professional football games. D．The decision to join the NFL and AFL into one league. 39．What does the underlined word “vacant” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Taken. B．Booked. C．Empty. D．Adaptable. 40．What can be the best title for the text? A．How the Super Bowl Became a Big Deal B．The Rise of Professional Football in the US C．How the NFL and AFL Changed Sports Forever D．The Development of American Football Leagues 【答案】37．B 38．D 39．C 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Super Bowl的诞生和发展历程。 37．细节理解题。由文章第一段“February 9, Sunday of 2025, was not a holiday in the US, but it might seem like one to Americans. Many were attending parties to watch Super Bowl LIX of this year. (2025年2月9日，星期日，这一天在美国不是节假日，但对美国人来说可能感觉像是个节日。许多人都在参加聚会，观看今年的第59届Super Bowl LIX。)”可知，2月9日对许多美国人来说很重要是因为这一天是Super Bowl的日子。故选B。 38．细节理解题。由文章第四段“In 1965, established NFL players began negotiating (谈判) to play for the competing league, AFL. So, officials of the two leagues decided to work together. This agreement established a championship game between the two leagues. It was officially called the AFLNFL World Championship Game but became known as the Super Bowl. (1965年，已在NFL效力的球员开始谈判，想要为与之竞争的美国AFL效力。于是，这两个联盟的官员决定合作。这项协议确立了两个联盟之间的冠军赛。它的正式名称是AFLNFL World Championship Game，但后来被人们称为Super Bowl。)”可知，所以NFL和AFL合并为一个联赛的决定导致了超级碗的创立。故选D。 39．词句猜测题。由文章第五段“It was far from an exciting game. Many of the seats in the sports center were vacant. That changed with the Super Bowl played two years later. Experts say the public finally accepted the new league when the New York Jets defeated the Baltimore Colts. (那远不是一场激动人心的比赛。体育中心的许多座位都vacant。但在两年后举行的Super Bowl比赛中，情况发生了变化。专家称，当 New York Jets战胜Baltimore Colts时，公众终于接受了这个新联盟。)”可知，那远不是一场激动人心的比赛，以及两年后Super Bowl的比赛情况发生了改变，专家说公众终于接受了新的联盟。由此可知，那场比赛观众并不多，所以体育场的许多座位都是空的，vacant意思是“空的”，与Empty“空的”意思相符。故选C。 40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“February 9, Sunday of 2025, was not a holiday in the US, but it might seem like one to Americans. Many were attending parties to watch Super Bowl LIX of this year. (2025 年2月9日，星期日，这一天在美国不是节假日，但对美国人来说可能感觉像是个节日。许多人都在参加聚会，观看今年的第59届超级碗比赛。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Super Bowl的诞生和发展历程，最后提到如今Super Bowl已经成为一项重要的体育赛事，吸引着全球成千上万的人。由此可知，A选项“How the Super Bowl Became a Big Deal (Super Bowl是如何成为一件大事的)”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 11 （24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试）In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a buzzword in the global tech community. It is a branch of computer science that aims to create systems capable of performing tasks that would normally require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI can be divided into two main categories: Narrow AI and General AI. Narrow AI is designed to perform a specific task, such as voice recognition or image analysis. It is the type of AI that powers virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa. General AI, on the other hand, is a more advanced form of AI that can understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a broad range of tasks at a human level. This type of AI is still in the development stage and is the focus of much research. The applications of AI are vast and varied. In the medical field, AI is used to analyze medical images, predict disease outbreaks, and assist in drug discovery. In the transportation sector, AI powers self-driving cars, which have the potential to reduce traffic accidents and improve transportation efficiency. In the education field, AI can provide personalized learning experiences for students by analyzing their learning patterns and adjusting the content accordingly. However, the rise of AI also brings some challenges. One of the most significant concerns is the potential loss of jobs. As AI systems become more capable, they may replace human workers in certain industries. There are also ethical issues related to AI, such as the use of AI in surveillance (监视), the potential for AI to be used in weapons, and the question of who is responsible when an AI system makes a mistake. Despite these challenges, the future of AI is bright. Many experts believe that AI will lead to significant improvements in our quality of life and will help solve some of the world’s most pressing problems. As we continue to develop and refine AI technologies, it is important to consider both the benefits and the risks, and to ensure that AI is used in a way that benefits all of humanity. 41．What is the main goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI)? A．To replace human intelligence. B．To create systems that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence. C．To make computers faster than humans. D．To provide entertainment through virtual assistants. 42．Which of the following is an example of Narrow AI? A．A self-driving car that can navigate complex traffic conditions. B．A virtual assistant that can answer specific questions. C．A system that can understand and solve any problem like a human. D．A robot that can perform surgery. 43．What is one of the major challenges associated with the rise of AI? A．Increased efficiency in transportation. B．The potential for job displacement. C．Improved accuracy in medical diagnostics. D．Enhanced educational experiences. 44．What is the future outlook for AI according to the passage? A．It will lead to significant improvements in quality of life. B．It will cause more problems than it solves. C．It will replace all human jobs. D．It will only be used in the medical field. 【答案】41．B 42．B 43．B 44．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能及其应用和带来的一些挑战。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is a branch of computer science that aims to create systems capable of performing tasks that would normally require human intelligence.(它是计算机科学的一个分支，旨在创建能够执行通常需要人类智能的任务的系统)”可知，人工智能的主要目标是创造能够执行需要人类智能的任务的系统，故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Narrow AI is designed to perform a specific task, such as voice recognition or image analysis. It is the type of AI that powers virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa.(狭义人工智能是为执行特定任务而设计的，比如语音识别或图像分析。这是一种为Siri和Alexa等虚拟助手提供动力的人工智能)”可知，B项“可以回答特定问题的虚拟助手”属于狭义人工智能，故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段中“One of the most significant concerns is the potential loss of jobs. As AI systems become more capable, they may replace human workers in certain industries.(最重要的担忧之一是潜在的失业。随着人工智能系统变得越来越强大，它们可能会在某些行业取代人类工人)”可知，人工智能崛起带来的主要挑战之一是工作被取代的可能性，故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many experts believe that AI will lead to significant improvements in our quality of life and will help solve some of the world’s most pressing problems.(许多专家认为，人工智能将显著提高我们的生活质量，并有助于解决一些世界上最紧迫的问题)”可知，人工智能未来会显著改善我们的生活质量，故选A。 Passage 12 （24-25高一下·河南郑州·开学考试）The word is an important building block for understanding spoken language. When a person hears a word, the brain will consider hundreds, if not thousands, of possibilities and rule out most of them in less than a second. McMurray has been studying word recognition in children and in older adults for many years. His research has shown differences in how people across all ages recognize spoken language. But those differences were so small and this made it difficult to categorize (分类). So, McMurmy and his research team turned to people who use cochlear implants, tools used by the deaf or severely hard-of-hearing. The experiments showed that the cochlear-implant users — even with a different way to hear — used the same basic process when choosing spoken words as normal hearing people. The researchers termed three word-recognition dimensions (维度): Wait and See; Sustained Activation; Slow Activation. Most cochlear-implant participants (参与者) used Wait and See to some degree, the researchers found, meaning they waited for as much as a quarter of a second after hearing the word to firmly decide which word they heard. The researchers also learned that some cochlear-implant participants chose Sustained Activation, in which listeners struggled for a bit between words before settling on what they thought was the word they heard, or they used Slow Activation, meaning they were slower to recognize words. Importantly, every listener seemed to use a combination (组合), with a different degree of each method. The dimensions match the patterns by which people without hearing problems, from youth to older ages, recognize words, as was shown in a study carried out by McMurray’s team before. The researchers now hope to use the findings to develop methods that may help people who are at the extreme ends of a particular word-recognition dimension. About 15% of adults in the United States have hearing loss, which could lead to some problems, such as cognitive decline, fewer social interactions, and greater isolation. “We aim to help them in a more correct way than simply asking them, ‘How well are you listening; do you struggle to understand speech in the real world?’ ” McMurray says. 45．Why did the researchers study cochlear-implant users? A．To group their way of word recognition. B．To teach them to understand spoken language. C．To find why they rule out most of words they hear. D．To judge whether they can get correct words. 46．What can we know about cochlear-implant users? A．They use a combination of different dimensions for word recognition. B．The process of their word recognition is different from that of normal people. C．Most of them like to use Slow Activation for word recognition. D．They are sometimes faster at recognizing words than normal people. 47．What will the findings be used for? A．Understanding the hearing problems in the elderly. B．Helping people with word-recognition difficulties. C．Developing new teaching methods for deaf children. D．Improving the design of cochlear implants for better hearing. 48．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Word-Recognition Dimensions. B．Basic Methods of Recognizing Words. C．Advantages of Using Cochlear Implants. D．Differences in Recognizing Spoken Language. 【答案】45．A 46．A 47．B 48．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过人工耳蜗使用者的研究，发现了三种单词识别维度（Wait and See, Sustained Activation, Slow Activation），并指出这些维度与正常听力者的识别模式相似，进而希望利用这些发现帮助听力障碍者‌。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段“His research has shown differences in how people across all ages recognize spoken language. But those differences were so small and this made it difficult to categorize (分类). So, McMurmy and his research team turned to people who use cochlear implants, tools used by the deaf or severely hard-of-hearing. (他的研究表明，不同年龄段的人在识别口语方面存在差异。但这些差异很小，这使得很难分类。因此，麦克默米和他的研究小组转向使用人工耳蜗的人，这是聋哑人或严重听力障碍的人使用的工具)”可知，研究人员对人工耳蜗使用者进行了研究，是为了将他们识别单词的方式进行了分组。故选A。 46．细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers also learned that some cochlear-implant participants chose Sustained Activation, in which listeners struggled for a bit between words before settling on what they thought was the word they heard, or they used Slow Activation, meaning they were slower to recognize words. Importantly, every listener seemed to use a combination (组合), with a different degree of each method. (研究人员还了解到，一些植入人工耳蜗的参与者选择了持续激活，在这种情况下，听众在确定他们所听到的单词之前会在单词之间挣扎一会儿，或者他们使用慢速激活，这意味着他们识别单词的速度较慢。重要的是，每个听众似乎都在使用一种组合，每种方法的程度不同)”可知，人工耳蜗使用者似乎都在使用一种组合，每种方法的程度不同。由此可知，人工耳蜗使用者使用不同维度的组合来识别单词。故选A。 47．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers now hope to use the findings to develop methods that may help people who are at the extreme ends of a particular word-recognition dimension. About 15% of adults in the United States have hearing loss, which could lead to some problems, such as cognitive decline, fewer social interactions, and greater isolation. (研究人员现在希望利用这些发现来开发方法，帮助那些处于特定单词识别维度极端末端的人。在美国，大约15%的成年人有听力损失，这可能会导致一些问题，比如认知能力下降、社交互动减少和更大的孤立感)”及最后一段““We aim to help them in a more correct way than simply asking them, ‘How well are you listening; do you struggle to understand speech in the real world?’” McMurray says.(“我们的目标是以更正确的方式帮助他们，而不是简单地问他们，‘你的听力有多好？在现实世界中，你是否很难听懂别人说话？’”麦克默里说)”可推知，研究结果将用于帮助有单词识别困难的人。故选B。 48．主旨大意题。根据第二段“His research has shown differences in how people across all ages recognize spoken language. But those differences were so small and this made it difficult to categorize (分类). So, McMurmy and his research team turned to people who use cochlear implants, tools used by the deaf or severely hard-of-hearing. (他的研究表明，不同年龄段的人在识别口语方面存在差异。但这些差异很小，这使得很难分类。因此，麦克默米和他的研究小组转向使用人工耳蜗的人，这是聋哑人或严重听力障碍的人使用的工具)”及第三段中的“The researchers termed three word-recognition dimensions (维度): Wait and See; Sustained Activation; Slow Activation. (研究人员将单词识别分为三个维度：观望；持续激活；缓慢的激活)”可知，文章主要讨论了通过人工耳蜗使用者的研究，发现了三种单词识别维度（Wait and See, Sustained Activation, Slow Activation），并指出这些维度与正常听力者的识别模式相似，进而希望利用这些发现帮助听力障碍者。由此可知，文章的核心在于揭示不同的单词识别维度及其应用，“The Word-Recognition Dimensions (单词识别维度)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 13 （24-25高一下·广东·开学考试）Zoos divide opinion: there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species. To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day, over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct. Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild. Zoos have special breeding programmes to help those animals at risk. These breeding programmes are proving extremely successful. As Irene Shapiro from Zoo and Wildlife Support says, “the Puerto Rican Parrot has grown in numbers from just thirteen to about eighty-five and the Golden Lion Tamarin Monkey, which has almost ceased (停止) to exist twenty years ago, has been reintroduced back into the wild.” Unfortunately, not everyone understands this important role zoos play. For example, Brian Featherstone from the Anti-Zoo Forum says, “I can’t believe we take animals from the wild and put them in cages for the entertainment of the public! We should view them on film or TV in their natural environment.” However, this misses the point. A zoo does more than display animals to the public. It ensures their survival. Without zoos you would not be able to see many of these animals on TV or anywhere else! 49．What’s the writer’s attitude towards zoos? A．He shows no opinion either for or against them. B．He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel. C．He believes they play an important environmental role. D．He expresses a desire that more of them be built. 50．The underlined word “vanish” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______. A．remain B．disappear C．become rarer D．get killed 51．According to the passage the world’s tiger population _______. A．will rise by 5% next year B．is relatively stable C．is 95% smaller than in the past D．has fallen to 95% 52．According to the writer, the most important function of the zoo is to _______. A．make a lot of money B．entertain visitors C．ensure animals’ survival D．educate the public 【答案】49．C 50．B 51．C 52．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了动物园的争议性，支持者认为动物园对濒危物种的保护至关重要，而反对者则认为动物园囚禁动物是残忍的。作者通过列举事实和数据，强调了动物园在保护濒危物种方面的重要作用。 49．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段中的内容“Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. (如果没有动物园，许多我们喜爱和欣赏的生物将不复存在)”以及第四段中提到的动物园成功保护濒危物种的例子“Zoos have special breeding programmes to help those animals at risk. These breeding programmes are proving extremely successful. As Irene Shapiro from Zoo and Wildlife Support says, “the Puerto Rican Parrot has grown in numbers from just thirteen to about eighty-five and the Golden Lion Tamarin Monkey, which has almost ceased (停止) to exist twenty years ago, has been reintroduced back into the wild.”(动物园有特殊的繁殖计划来帮助那些处于危险中的动物。事实证明，这些繁殖计划非常成功。正如动物园和野生动物保护组织的艾琳·夏皮罗所说，“波多黎各鹦鹉的数量已经从13只增长到85只左右，而20年前几乎灭绝的金狮狨猴已经被重新引入野外。”)”可以看出，作者认为动物园在环境保护中扮演着重要角色。故选C项。 50．词句猜测题。根据划线单词的下一句“Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct.(科学家预测，到2050年，地球上四分之一的物种将灭绝)”可知，科学家预测，到2050年，地球上四分之一的物种可能会灭绝。划线单词所在的句子指的是“每一天，超过一百种动物消失”，所以vanish的意义为“消失；灭绝”，与disappear意义一致。故选B项。 51．细节理解题。根据原文第三段中的内容“Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. (令人震惊的是，老虎的数量已经下降了95%)”可知，老虎的数量比过去减少了95%。故选C项。 52．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段中的句子“A zoo does more than display animals to the public. It ensures their survival.(动物园不仅仅是向公众展示动物，它还确保了它们的生存)”可知，动物园最重要的功能是确保动物的生存。故选C项。 Passage 14 （24-25高一下·河南·开学考试）Fake reviews (虚假评论) are found across a wide range of popular shopping websites. These reviews are often traded between fake review dealers and businesses willing to pay. Sometimes, businesses get good reviews in exchange for offering buyers rewards (奖励) such as gift cards. But AI tools allow people to produce reviews faster and in greater numbers, technology industry experts say. The Transparency Company is a technology company and public protection group that uses software to discover fake reviews. For a recent report, the company examined 73 million reviews in three areas: home, legal and medical services. Nearly 14 percent of the reviews were likely fake. The company expressed a “high degree of confidence” that 2．3 million reviews were partly or totally AI-produced. The Federal Trade Commission（FTC）, which banned (明令禁止) the trade of fake reviews in 2024, said these reviews were for businesses like garage door fixers and sellers of fake designer bags. Last September, FTC took legal action against an AI writing tool and content producer, accusing the company of offering a service that could pollute the marketplace with fake reviews. Several major tech companies are developing policies for how AI-produced content fits into their systems for removing fake reviews on their shopping websites. Some companies already use special programs and teams to block or remove a large number of doubtful reviews and accounts. Kay Dean, who runs a public protection group called Fake Review Watch, said, “If these tech companies are so devoted to removing fake reviews on their platforms, why can I find hundreds or even thousands of fake reviews on any given day?” The Coalition for Trusted Reviews, an organization set up by some big shopping websites in 2023, said that even though people may put AI to illegal use, the technology could also present “an opportunity to push back against those who want to use reviews to mislead others”. 53．What does the first paragraph intend to show? A．Why shopping websites reward. B．How fake reviews come into being. C．How businesses discover fake reviews. D．Why fake review dealers want fake reviews. 54．How is paragraph 2 developed? A．By comparing facts. B．By providing examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 55．What is Kay Dean’s attitude to some major tech companies’ efforts? A．Grateful. B．Dissatisfied. C．Uncaring. D．Inspired. 56．What does Coalition for Trusted Reviews want to express in the last paragraph? A．AI has two sides in managing fake reviews. B．AI will totally remove fake reviews one day. C．AI is not advanced enough to affect reviews. D．AI should be banned from review platforms. 【答案】53．B 54．C 55．B 56．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了虚假评论在购物网站上的泛滥现象，以及科技公司和政策制定者对此采取的措施。 53．推理判断题。根据第一段“These reviews are often traded between fake review dealers and businesses willing to pay. Sometimes, businesses get good reviews in exchange for offering buyers rewards such as gift cards. But AI tools allow people to produce reviews faster and in greater numbers.(这些评论经常在虚假评论交易者和愿意支付费用的企业之间进行交易。有时，企业会提供买家奖励，如礼品卡，以换取好评。但人工智能工具让人们能够更快、更大量地生成评论。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了虚假评论是如何产生的，包括交易和通过AI工具快速生成。故选B。 54．推理判断题。根据第二段“For a recent report, the company examined 73 million reviews in three areas: home, legal and medical services. Nearly 14 percent of the reviews were likely fake. The company expressed a ‘high degree of confidence’ that 2.3 million reviews were partly or totally AI-produced.(在最近的一份报告中，该公司调查了家庭、法律和医疗服务三个领域的7300万条评论。近14%的评论可能是假的。该公司表示‘高度确信’，其中有230万条评论部分或全部是由人工智能生成的。)”可知，第二段是通过列出具体的数字来展开论述的。故选C。 55．推理判断题。根据第五段“If these tech companies are so devoted to removing fake reviews on their platforms, why can I find hundreds or even thousands of fake reviews on any given day?(如果这些科技公司如此致力于删除其平台上的虚假评论，为什么我在任何一天都能找到数百甚至数千条虚假评论？)”可知，Kay Dean对这些科技公司在删除虚假评论方面的努力表示不满，认为他们并没有有效地解决问题。故选B。 56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Coalition for Trusted Reviews, an organization set up by some big shopping websites in 2023, said that even though people may put AI to illegal use, the technology could also present ‘an opportunity to push back against those who want to use reviews to mislead others’.(可信赖评论联盟是由一些大型购物网站于2023年成立的一个组织，该组织表示，尽管人们可能会将人工智能用于非法用途，但这项技术也可能成为‘一个机会，来反击那些想要利用评论来误导他人的人’。)”可知，可信赖评论联盟在最后一段想要表达的是，人工智能在管理虚假评论方面既有可能被滥用，也有可能成为打击虚假评论的工具，即人工智能有两面性。故选A。 Passage 15 （24-25高一下·山东聊城·开学考试）A recent report from a United Nations group warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. Instead, technology should be used to support learning. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost, ” the report says. Technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really influences students.The new report says that many of the studies showing that technology helps students come from rich countries and that some of the studies supporting technology come from companies that sell technology to schools. As classes moved online, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s a larger problem. People and countries with less money are often left out. It is true that technology can help in many ways, like allowing students to learn in more interesting ways, helping teachers explain difficult ideas and helping students with special needs.But it can also be very distracting (分散注意力的). When students use phones in class, it can disturb (扰乱) their learning. One study that was carried out in 14 countries showed that even just having a smartphone nearby can be distracting. Even so, only less than 25% of the world’s countries don’t allow students to use phones in schools. The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers.Working with other classmates also helps students learn.Most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers. 57．What is the goal of the new UN report? A．To stress the importance of digital technology. B．To improve how technology is used in education. C．To encourage more schools to use technology in class. D．To pay more attention to the development of technology. 58．What is a relatively bigger problem for online class? A．Students cannot fully focus their attention. B．The Internet speed is much slower in many homes. C．Schools have to spend extra money on the Internet. D．The advantages of technology fail to be shared fairly. 59．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A．A recent UN report says that technology should not be used in classrooms. B．One study showed that over a quarter of the world’s countries mustn’t use phones in schools. C．The UN report says that the best way to learn is working with teachers instead of working with classmates. D．Technology can have influence both in good and bad ways. 60．What is the best title of the text? A．A UN Group Calls for Limit on Technology in Schools B．Countries Work Together to Improve Education C．Technology Plays an Important Role in Our Life D．Smartphones Help Students a Lot in Online Learning 【答案】57．B 58．D 59．D 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“在课堂上使用技术对学生学习的影响”这一主题展开，向读者清晰地说明技术在教育中的相关应用。 57．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. Instead, technology should be used to support learning. (报告指出，技术固然能发挥作用，但不应成为关注的焦点。相反，技术应被用于辅助学习。)”可知，这份报告想要改进技术在教育中的使用方式。故选B。 58．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s a larger problem. People and countries with less money are often left out.(然而，报告指出，约有5亿学生无法参加在线课程。这是一个更为严峻的问题。资金匮乏的个人和国家往往被排除在外。)”可知，大约5亿学生无法参加在线课程，经济条件较差的个人和国家往往被排除在外，这意味着技术带来的好处未能得到公平分享，这是在线课程面临的一个相对较大的问题。故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It is true that technology can help in many ways, like allowing students to learn in more interesting ways, helping teachers explain difficult ideas and helping students with special needs. But it can also be very distracting (分散注意力的). When students use phones in class, it can disturb (扰乱) their learning.(诚然，技术在很多方面都能提供帮助，比如让学生以更有趣的方式学习，帮助教师讲解难懂的概念，以及为有特殊需求的学生提供支持。但它也可能极具干扰性。当学生在课堂上使用手机时，会干扰他们的学习。)”可知，技术确实可以在很多方面提供帮助，比如让学生以更有趣的方式学习、帮助老师解释难懂的概念以及帮助有特殊需求的学生，但它也可能非常分散注意力，当学生在课堂上使用手机时会扰乱他们的学习。这表明技术既有好的影响也有坏的影响。故选D。 60．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A recent report from a United Nations group warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe.(联合国某组织最近发布的一份报告警示称，在课堂上使用技术可能并不像很多人认为的那样有显著帮助。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇指出联合国某组织的报告警示课堂上使用技术可能不像很多人认为的那样有帮助，技术不应成为重点，而应辅助学习，接着阐述了技术在教育应用中存在的一些问题，如难以评估对学生的影响、存在数字鸿沟、可能分散学生注意力等，最后建议学校应在书籍、教室和师资等方面多投入。整体围绕联合国报告呼吁合理限制学校对技术的使用。选项A“A UN Group Calls for Limit on Technology in Schools(一个联合国组织呼吁限制学校对技术的使用)”符合文章主旨。故选A。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$