精品解析：上海市2024-2025学年高三下学期5月调研英语试题

上海英语调研卷 （2025年5月） (考试时间105分钟，满分115分) (试卷共10页，答题纸共2页) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Things To Do When Moving House There’s a lot to remember when it comes to moving into your new home — from all the big physical stuff right down to the small bits of paperwork — so it’s no wonder that there are some things that get left behind. Never forget to label the boxes This might sound like an obvious one ___1___ when you’re rushing, little things like labelling a box can easily be forgotten. And although it seems like a small mistake ___2___ (make), the impact it can have on your move at the other end can be quite a big one. Use the correct packing materials Not using the right packing materials can lead to the fragile items ___3___ (damage). Boxes that aren’t strong enough for their contents can easily collapse under their weight, or bin bags of clothes can tear open leaving your items ___4___(litter) all over the floor and at worst broken or damaged. Another common issue is using boxes that previously contained food stuff that leave a nasty odour(气味) on your belongings if they have picked ___5___ up from their original contents! Take what you need and leave out the unneeded ones ___6___ you eventually get into the swing of packing, it can be hard to stop - and while that’s good, it’s also bad if you end up getting carried away and packing things you might need on the day of the move. This problem compounds if you have ‘helpers’ packing with you ___7___don’t know what you want to take with you. Plan to avoid moving on a Friday ___8___ the temptation that you could have the whole weekend to sort your home out, Fridays are busy days for removal companies so you might end up paying a higher price or struggling to find an available mover.  The other risk of moving on a Friday is if anything goes wrong, many solicitors or estate agents are closed over the weekend meaning sometimes problems ___9___ (not resolve) until the following week, this can mean unplanned costs. Inform people about your move You’ve completed the most challenging part by moving from A to B, but what remains uncertain is how many people who need to know you’ve moved house actually do. ___10___ you should visit the Post Office and fill in a form to redirect all mail starting from your move date is strongly advisable. 【答案】1. but 2. to make 3. being damaged 4. littered 5. it 6. Once 7. who##that 8. Despite 9. won’t be resolved 10. That 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了搬家时需注意的事项，包括给箱子贴标签、使用合适的包装材料、整理必要物品、避免周五搬家以及通知相关人员变更地址等。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：这听起来可能很明显，但当你匆忙时，像给箱子贴标签这样的小事很容易被忘记。前后句为转折关系，需用连词but。故填but。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这看起来是一个容易犯的小错误，但它对搬家过程的影响可能很大。此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰mistake，表示“所犯的错误”。故填to make。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不使用正确的包装材料可能导致易碎物品被损坏。lead to后接名词或动名词作宾语，逻辑主语fragile items与damage为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填being damaged。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：承重不足的箱子可能因不堪重负而坍塌，而装衣服的垃圾袋一旦撕裂，物品便会散落一地，甚至破损或毁坏。leave sth. done表示“使某物处于某种状态”，litter与逻辑主语items之间为动宾关系，需用过去分词作宾补，表被动。故填littered。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：另一个常见问题是使用之前装有食物的箱子，这些箱子可能从原内容物中沾染难闻气味。pick up后缺少宾语，空处指代前文odour，需用it。故填it。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：一旦你开始进入打包状态，可能很难停下来。根据语境，空处引导条件状语从句，需用连词once，强调“一旦进入打包节奏，就会难以停止”，句首首字母大写。故填Once。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如果有“帮手”和你一起打包，而他们不知道你想带走什么，问题会更严重。先行词helpers指人，从句缺主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管你可能想利用整个周末整理新家，但周五是搬家公司的业务高峰期，最终可能被迫支付更高费用，甚至找不到有空档的搬家公司。前后文之间是让步关系，空后为名词短语the temptation，表“尽管”需用介词despite，句首首字母大写。故填Despite。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：周五搬家的另一个风险是，如果出了问题，许多律师或房地产经纪人周末不办公，这意味着有时问题要到下周才能解决，由此可能产生计划外的费用。根据时间状语until the following week可知，此处用一般将来时，resolve和逻辑主语problems之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填won’t be resolved。 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：强烈建议你应该去邮局填一张表格，从搬家之日起转发所有邮件。空处引导主语从句，从句结构完整，需用that引导，句首首字母大写。故填That。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alternatives B. challenging C. cycles D. entry-level E. feature F. flow G. inferior H. promising I. purifying J. samples K. transitions Lithium-ion (Li+) batteries are widely used in devices like smartphones and electric vehicles. However, the limited supply of lithium poses a challenge as the world ___11___ to renewable energy. A future dependent on renewables may require up to 200 times more battery capacity than currently available, highlighting the need for ___12___. Sodium-ion (Na+) batteries, using sodium instead of lithium, are emerging as a(n) ___13___option. Sodium is abundant in seawater and salt mines, making it more sustainable and cost-effective. Advances in electrode(电极) materials have made it possible for sodium-ion batteries to store energy comparable to ___14___ lithium-ion batteries, with a density of around 170 Wh/kg, although still behind lithium-ion batteries’ 200 Wh/kg. To further improve performance, researchers have focused on ___15___ the anode(负极) material. The carbon electrode, originally used as anodes, continues to ___16___ in the battery performance, with hard carbon’s porous structure enhancing sodium-ion storage. A novel combination of sodium, vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen (NaVPO) has been developed to facilitate improved sodium-ion storage and ___17___.Another breakthrough involves the use of organic compounds, such as TAQ, in cathodes(正极), which have proven to be stable and capable of retaining substantial energy over thousands of charge-discharge ___18___. While sodium-ion batteries are still ___19___ to lithium-ion batteries in terms of performance, increasing interest from companies like CATL and BYD is driving the technology forward. While CATL’s second-generation marks a significant advance, challenges remain, such as lower energy efficiency, higher costs, and reliance on expensive materials. Ongoing research and innovation may eventually contribute to sodium-ion batteries ____20____ lithium-ion batteries in both performance and economic feasibility. 【答案】11. K 12. A 13. H 14. D 15. I 16. E 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着世界向可再生能源过渡，锂的有限供应构成了挑战，因此转向了更有前途的钠离子电池。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，随着世界向可再生能源过渡，锂的有限供应构成了挑战。根据句意可知，此处意为“世界向可再生能源过渡”，故应用动词transitions“过渡”在句中作谓语动词，主语为the world，故选K。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：未来依赖可再生能源可能需要比目前可用电池容量多200倍的电池容量，这凸显了对替代品的需求。根据前文“A future dependent on renewables may require up to 200 times more battery capacity than currently available”可知，此处意为“需要寻找锂离子电池的替代品”，故应用名词alternatives“替代品”在句中作宾语，故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：钠离子电池，使用钠而不是锂，正在成为一种有前途的选择。根据句意可知，此处表示“钠离子电池是一种有前途的选择”，故应用形容词promising“有前途的”作定语，修饰名词option，故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：电极材料的进展使得钠离子电池能够存储与入门级锂离子电池相当的能量。根据句意可知，此处表示钠离子电池的能量密度与入门级锂离子电池相当，故应用形容词entry-level“入门级的”作定语，修饰名词lithium-ion batteries，故选D。 【15题详解】 考查动名词。句意：为了进一步提高性能，研究人员专注于净化负极材料。根据句意可知，此处意为“净化负极材料”，故应用动名词purifying“净化”作宾语，故选I。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：最初用作负极的碳电极继续在电池性能中发挥重要作用，硬碳的多孔结构增强了钠离子的储存能力。根据后文“with hard carbon’s porous structure enhancing sodium-ion storage”可知，硬碳的多孔结构增强了钠离子的储存能力，因此最初用作负极的碳电极继续在电池性能中发挥重要作用，故此处应用动词feature“发挥重要作用”构成不定式to do结构，to do在句中作宾语，故选E。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：一种新型的钠、钒、磷和氧（NaVPO）的组合已被开发出来，以促进改进的钠离子存储和流动。根据句意可知，此处意为“钠离子的储存和流动”，故此处应用名词flow“流动”在句中作宾语，故选F。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：另一个突破涉及在正极中使用有机化合物，如TAQ，这些化合物已被证明是稳定的，并且能够在数千次充放电循环中保持大量能量。根据句意可知，此处意为“充放电的循环”，故应用名词cycles“循环”在句中作宾语，故选C。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然钠离子电池在性能上仍不如锂离子电池，但来自CATL和BYD等公司的兴趣日益增加正在推动这项技术向前发展。此处意为“钠离子电池在性能上仍不如锂离子电池”，故应用形容词inferior“较差的，次的”在句中作表语，故选G。 【20题详解】 考查动名词。句意：正在进行的研究和创新可能最终有助于钠离子电池在性能和经济可行性方面挑战锂离子电池。根据句意可知，此处意为“钠离子电池在性能和经济可行性方面能够挑战锂离子电池”，故应用动名词challenging“挑战”在句中作宾语，故选B。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Psychology of Outrage (愤怒) Outrage stems from accumulated stress and the persistent thoughts that transform discomfort into hostility (伤害). While pain or frustration alone does not necessarily lead to rage, perceiving a situation as unjust, ____21____, or personal significantly increases emotional intensity. Often, anger functions as a defense mechanism, allowing individuals to ____22____ deeper and more vulnerable emotions such as fear, insecurity, or embarrassment. For instance, when faced with criticism, responding with stimulation or frustration can feel like a more manageable reaction than ____23____ personal shortcomings or facing emotional wounds. Although anger may seem like an instinctive response, it is, at its core, a ____24____ reaction shaped by personal insights and interpretations. Many conflicts do not arise from direct harm but rather from how individuals ____25____ and interpret a given situation. Recognizing these cognitive ____26____ is essential in preventing unnecessary emotional distress. By altering one’s thought process — replacing ____27____ or exaggerated assumptions with more neutral and constructive statements — one can effectively ____28____ anger and enhance communication. For example, instead of labeling someone as “careless” or “thoughtless,” conveying specific concerns in a(n) ____29____ and clear manner fosters mutual understanding and resolution. Angry thoughts generally fall into two primary categories: blamers and should-based expectations. For one thing, blamers tend to assume ill intent and ____30____ minor mistakes. Statements such as “You never appreciate my efforts” exaggerate the issue. This kind of thinking fuels outrage and prevents problem-solving. ____31____, should-based thinking invites frustration by establishing unrealistic or rigid ____32____. The entitlement fallacy (谬误) leads individuals to believe that their desires must always be prioritized and fulfilled, while the fairness fallacy falsely assumes that all relationships must be perfectly ____33____ at all times. These false beliefs cause unnecessary disappointment, leading to avoidable conflicts and emotional strain. Effectively managing anger requires a combination of self-awareness, emotional regulation, and deliberate, thoughtful responses. Identifying the ____34____ causes of anger allows individuals to approach conflicts with greater clarity and calmness. While anger is a(n) ____35____ and natural emotion, learning its core issue and mastering its regulation leads to deeper connections, improved well-being, and a healthier approach to handling life’s challenges. 21. A. aggressive B. intentional C. cognitive D. instinctive 22. A. delete B. express C. remain D. mask 23. A. acknowledging B. shading C. indicating D. intensifying 24. A. should-based B. emotion-focused C. thought-driven D. desire-affected 25. A. perceive B. consider C. accept D. behave 26. A. transitions B. pressures C. stimulus D. feelings 27. A. changes B. prejudices C. conclusions D. accusations 28. A. maximize B. minimize C. expand D. narrow 29. A. calm B. clean C. pleasing D. emotional 30. A. overestimate B. overlook C. overstate D. overreact 31. A. By contrast B. In the same way C. On the contrary D. For another 32. A. imaginations B. expectations C. desperations D. fascinations 33. A. just B. perfect C. harmonious D. consistent 34. A. all B. root C. real D. same 35. A. manageable B. approachable C. inevitable D. valuable 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了愤怒的心理学，是什么导致的愤怒，以及如何减少愤怒。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然痛苦或挫折本身不一定会导致愤怒，但将某种情况视为不公正、故意的或私人的会显著增加情绪强度。A. aggressive攻击性的；B. intentional故意的；C. cognitive认知的；D. instinctive本能的。根据空前和空后的两个形容词“unjust”和“personal”可知，此处应与unjust和personal并列，此处表示将情况视为不公正、故意的或私人的行为会加剧情绪，强调对方有意为之会加剧愤怒，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：愤怒通常作为一种防御机制，允许个体掩饰更深、更脆弱的情感，如恐惧、不安或尴尬。A. delete删除；B. express表达；C. remain保持；D. mask掩饰。根据后文的举例“For instance, when faced with criticism, responding with stimulation or frustration can feel like a more manageable reaction than ___3___ personal shortcomings or facing emotional wounds.”可知，后文举例说明用刺激或挫折回应比面对个人缺点或情感创伤更易管理，故愤怒是一种防御机制，可以用来掩饰情感，故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，面对批评时，用刺激或挫折回应比承认个人缺点或面对情感创伤更易管理。A. acknowledging承认；B. shading遮蔽；C. indicating表明；D. intensifying加剧。根据后文的“or facing emotional wounds.”可知，此处应与后文的“面对情感创伤”并列，故此处指承认个人缺点，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然愤怒看似本能反应，但本质上是一种由思想驱动的反应，由个人见解和解释塑造。A. should-based基于“应该”的；B. emotion-focused以情绪为中心的；C. thought-driven由思想驱动的；D. desire-affected受欲望影响的。根据后文“shaped by personal insights and interpretations” 可知，这种反应是由个人见解和解释塑造的，故它是一种由思想驱动的反应，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多冲突并非源于直接伤害，而是源于个体如何感知和解释特定的情境。A. perceive感知；B. consider考虑；C. accept接受；D. behave行为。根据空后的“and interpret”可知，此空与后文的“解释”并列，表示冲突源于个体如何感知和解释特定的情境，强调对情境的主观认知，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：认识到这些认知刺激对于防止不必要的情绪困扰至关重要。A. transitions转变；B. pressures压力；C. stimulus刺激物；D. feelings感受。根据前文“Many conflicts do not arise from direct harm but rather from how individuals ___5___ and interpret a given situation.”可知，前文提到许多冲突并非源于直接伤害，而是源于个体如何感知和解释特定的情境，故此处指认识到这些导致冲突的刺激物，从而来避免不必要的情绪困扰，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过改变思维过程——用更中性和有建设性的陈述替换指责或夸大的假设——可以有效地减少愤怒并促进交流。A. changes变化；B. prejudices偏见；C. conclusions结论；D. accusations指责。根据后文“with more neutral and constructive statements — one can effectively ___8___ anger and enhance communication”可知，后文提到用中立和有建设性的陈述能有效地促进交流，故此处指用这些有效的陈述来替换指责或者夸大的假设，指责与夸大假设并列，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. maximize最大化；B. minimize减少；C. expand扩大；D. narrow缩小。根据后文“enhance communication”可知，改变思维过程不仅能促进交流，还能减少愤怒，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，以冷静和清晰的方式传达具体关切，而不是将某人标记为“粗心或者轻率”，有助于相互理解和解决问题。A. calm冷静的；B. clean干净的；C. pleasing令人愉快的；D. emotional情绪化的。根据前文“instead of labeling someone as “careless” or “thoughtless,””可知，不将别人标记为“粗心或者轻率”，而是以冷静和清晰的方式来传达关切，calm与clear并列，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：责备者倾向于假设恶意并夸大小错误。A. overestimate高估；B. overlook忽视；C. overstate夸大；D. overreact反应过度。根据后文“Statements such as “You never appreciate my efforts” exaggerate the issue.” 可知，后文提到“你不感激我的努力”这句话夸大了问题，故此处指责备者倾向于夸大小错误，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：另一方面，基于“应该”的思维通过设定不切实际或僵化的期望来引发挫败感。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In the same way同样地；C. On the contrary相反；D. For another另一方面。根据前文“For one thing”可知，前文提到，一方面责备者倾向于假设恶意并夸大小错误，故此处介绍另一方面，基于“应该”的思维通过设定不切实际或僵化的期望来引发挫败感，故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. imaginations想象；B. expectations期望；C. desperations绝望；D. fascinations迷恋。根据前文“should-based thinking invites frustration”可知，基于“应该”的思维引发了挫败感，是通过设定不切实际或僵化的期望导致的，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：权利谬误是个人相信他们的欲望必须总是被优先考虑和满足，而公平谬误错误地认为所有关系都必须完全公平的。A. just公正的；B. perfect完美的；C. harmonious和谐的；D. consistent一致的。根据前文“the fairness fallacy falsely assumes that”可知，本句讲“公平”谬误的含义，可得出公平谬误应该讲所有的关系必须是完全公平的，故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：识别愤怒的根本原因可以让个体更清晰、冷静地处理冲突。A. all所有的；B. root根本的；C. real真实的；D. same相同的。根据后文“allows individuals to approach conflicts with greater clarity and calmness”可知，能让个人更清楚冷静地处理冲突是识别愤怒的根本原因，只有识别了愤怒的根本原因才能让个人更清晰冷静地处理冲突，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然愤怒是一种不可避免且自然的情绪，但学会其核心问题并掌握其调节方法可以带来更深层次的联系、更好的健康和更健康的处理生活挑战的方法。A. manageable可管理的；B. approachable可接近的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. valuable有价值的。根据空后“and natural”可知，愤怒是一种自然的情绪，是一种不可避免的情绪，故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A At the remote Little Dome C site in Antarctica, a research team from scientific institutions across ten European nations has achieved a historic milestone for climate science. As part of the European-funded Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice project, the team completed a multi-year drilling campaign, reaching a depth of 2,800 meters, where the Antarctic ice sheet meets the bedrock. The extracted ice preserves an unprecedented(史无前例的) record of Earth’s climate history, providing continuous information on atmospheric temperatures and original samples of ancient air with greenhouse gases, spanning over 1.2 million years and possibly beyond. “This is a great moment for climate science. This is the longest continuous ice core record of past climate, and we hope it can reveal the interlink between our planet’s carbon cycle and temperature,” comments Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, professor at the University of Manitoba. For the first time, scientists expect to unveil critical details about Earth’s atmospheric history that extend beyond 800,000 years ago. Elementary analyses indicate the uppermost 2,480 meters contain a high-resolution climate record going back 1.2 million years, with up to 13,000 years compressed into one meter of ice, reports Julien Westhoff, chief scientist in the field. The lowest 210 meters of the ice core consist of even older ice that is heavily deformed, possibly mixed or refrozen, and of unknown origin. Advanced analyses could reveal the glaciation processes of East Antarctica, which researchers aim to unravel. Around one million years ago, glacial-interglacial cycles slowed from 41,000- to 100,000-year intervals. The reasons behind this shift remain one of climate science’s enduring mysteries. Researchers believe it is linked to greenhouse gases, extracted from trapped air bubbles in the ice. “Denmark, together with Germany and France, provided the ice core drill used to drill the ice core. We are proud of the successfully drilled ice core. It goes beyond our expectations, and we look forward to analyzing this information with the entire European team,” concludes Dorthe. 36. Which of the following statements about the research team at Little Dome C is TRUE? A. It was funded by the European Union. B. It found climate records under ice first. C. It spent years drilling in Antarctica. D. It reached the deepest underground. 37. According to Dorthe, what is the significance of the ice core record? A. It is the first ice core record scientists discovered from Antarctica. B. It provides the longest continuous record of the past climate of the Earth. C. It contains the oldest ancient air samples scientists have ever found. D. It presents the association between temperature and the carbon cycle. 38. Scientists hope to uncover ________ from the lowest 210 meters of the ice core. A. where the composition of glaciers came from B. what the concentration of greenhouse gases is C. why the glacial-interglacial cycles slowed D. how the glaciers form their current condition 39. What can be the best title for this passage? A. Historic Milestone in Climate Science. B. European Team Drills Deepest Ice Core. C. Antarctica’s Ice Reveals Climate Mysteries. D. Greenhouse Gases and Glacial Cycles. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述欧洲多国科研团队在南极洲 Little Dome C 站点完成深度 2800 米的冰芯钻探，获取超 120 万年气候记录，为气候科学研究带来历史性突破的内容。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“the team completed a multi-year drilling campaign(这个团队完成了多年的钻探活动)”可知，团队花了数年时间在南极洲钻探。故选 C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“This is the longest continuous ice core record of past climate(这是最长的连续气候冰芯记录)”可知，冰芯记录的意义在于 提供地球过去气候最长的连续记录。故选 B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The lowest 210 meters of the ice core consist of even older ice that is heavily deformed, possibly mixed or refrozen, and of unknown origin. Advanced analyses could reveal the glaciation processes of East Antarctica, which researchers aim to unravel.(冰芯最低的210米是由更古老的冰组成的，这些冰严重变形，可能是混合的或重新冻结的，来源不明。先进的分析可以揭示东南极洲的冰川作用过程，这是研究人员的目标)”可推知，科学家们希望揭示冰川是如何从冰芯最低的210米处形成目前的状况的。故选D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“At the remote Little Dome C site in Antarctica, a research team from scientific institutions across ten European nations has achieved a historic milestone for climate science..(在遥远的Little Dome C基地，一个来自10个欧洲国家的科研机构组成的研究小组取得了气候科学的一个历史性里程碑)”可知，主要讲述欧洲多国科研团队在南极洲 Little Dome C 站点完成深度 2800 米的冰芯钻探，获取超 120 万年气候记录，为气候科学研究带来历史性突破的内容。所以短文的最佳标题为“气候科学的历史性里程碑”。故选A项。 B The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. After you enter a prompt, the AI model analyzes your input and generates a response based on the patterns it has learned through its training. More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, or offensive, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University. Be specific Generic prompts like “Write a story” will produce generic results. What kind of story do you want? What genre? Is it for adults or children? Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and concise will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. “Act as if…” Asking the AI to behave as if were a type of person, process, or object can be an easy way to start generating better prompts. The AI will attempt to emulate that role and tailor its answers accordingly. For example, imagine you wanted help create a recipe based on the ingredients you have in your kitchen. If you added “act as if you are my personal trainer” first, the AI will consider this context in its response, suggesting a healthy recipe or a meal designed to refuel after a workout. ____________________ Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/that contains…” etc. 40. This passage is found in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be found there? A. Core principles for responsible Gen AI use. B. Restrictions on the usage of Gen AI. C. Various samples of well-structured prompts. D. Guides to writing essays with Gen AI. 41. Which of the following subtitles can be filled in blank? A. Consider tone and audience B. Tell it how you want your output to be presented C. Ask it to create your prompts or what else it needs from you D. Correct mistakes and give feedback 42. Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. Which of the following prompts is the most proper when using Gen AI? A. Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. B. Write an article about the essence of basketball, citing several stories of famous stars. C. Discuss advantages of doing sports, specifically basketball, with reference to literature. D. Make up a story about one’s experience in basketball, showing the importance of sports. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何有效地使用生成式人工智能（Gen AI）工具，包括输入提示（prompts）的技巧、注意事项以及如何提高输出质量。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. (你输入到生成式人工智能（Gen AI）工具中的信息、句子或问题（“提示”）会对你收到的输出质量产生很大影响。)”以及第二段“It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, or offensive, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University (必须牢记的是，人工智能生成的内容可能不准确、具有误导性、完全是编造的，或者具有攻击性，因此在使用或发布任何包含人工智能内容的作品之前，一定要仔细审查。滥用生成式人工智能是一种严重的学术不端行为，可能会被大学开除。)”可知，大学指南网页上可能会包含负责任使用生成式人工智能的核心原则、对生成式人工智能使用的限制等内容，且根据第三段“Be specific (要具体)”以及下文具体介绍如何输入提示，可推测指南网页上可能会给出结构良好的提示示例，但不会包含使用生成式人工智能撰写论文的指南，因为这可能涉及学术不端行为，且指南更侧重于如何正确使用工具，而非具体内容的创作。故选D项。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据空格后“Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/that contains…” etc. (生成式人工智能可以产生许多不同类型的输出，包括代码、故事、报告、摘要、对话、商业通信等等。明确你想要的输出类型会产生更好的结果。在描述了你想要的东西之后，试着加上“以……的形式呈现”和你喜欢的输出。或者以“创建一个关于/包含……的[输出格式]”等作为提示的开头。)”可知，本段主要介绍了如何告诉生成式人工智能你希望如何呈现输出结果，B项“Tell it how you want your output to be presented (告诉它你希望如何呈现输出结果)”符合本段主旨，适合作为本段小标题。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. (更具描述性的提示可以提高输出的质量。)”以及Be specific中“Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and concise will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. (添加这种上下文，并做到具体、清晰和简洁，将有助于产生更有用的输出。更具体也可以减少不准确回复的可能性。)”可知，使用生成式人工智能时，输入的提示应该具体、清晰且具有描述性，以提高输出质量。根据题干“Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. (假设你是学校篮球队的队长。你将通过分享你的个人经历来发表一篇关于体育重要性的演讲。)”可知，想要发表一篇关于体育重要性的演讲，并分享个人经历，A项“Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. (写一篇激励人心的篮球队演讲，分享个人经历，倡导运动。)”符合题意，既具体又清晰，且与题干中的需求相匹配。故选A项。 C A study of families who have lived through conflict in Syria suggests that genetic imprints of their trauma (创伤) have been passed to their children and grandchildren. The research focuses on the controversial idea that trauma can leave ‘epigenetic marks’ on a person’s genes that can be passed onto following generations. Researchers compared data from 10 families who fled violent events in Syria in the 1980s, and 22 families who fled after the uprising in 2011, with a control group of 16 Syrian families who had not been exposed to war-related violence. The team analysed epigenetic marks — chemical tags on DNA sequences that result from environmental factors including stress — in more than 850,000 DNA regions. Epigenetic marks do not alter DNA sequences but can affect how genes work. The authors found that adults and children who had been directly exposed to violence in the 1980s and after 2011 had distinctive epigenetic marks in certain DNA regions. In the case of one woman who had witnessed violence in the 1980s, these tags persisted in her daughter and grandchildren. The researchers did not find any of these epigenetic marks among people in the control group. There were 131 participants in total. Nevertheless, researchers disagree on whether methylation marks on DNA can pass between generations. This is because during early stages of mammalian development, the genome undergoes the equivalent of a memory reset that clears out DNA methylation tags. But recent studies in animals suggest that the methylation of some DNA sites could escape being reprogrammed, says Dajani. Kobor says that there might be explanations other than inheritance to explain the presence of 14 methylation marks of trauma in offspring. There is “a possibility that the trauma of the mums is reflected in their parenting, and that then creates these marks in the next generation”, he says. Another possibility, Kobor says, is that DNA sequences in offspring that are inherited maternally might react to environmental stress in similar ways to what was seen in the mother, and end up with the same methylation tags. But Dajani notes that the families in the 1980s group of participants were not blood relatives. This makes it less likely that shared genetics or parenting effects alone produced the consistent methylation marks in all ten families, she says. “There is a need to be cautious because of the tissue choice and the small sample size and the uncertain clinical implication,” says Yehuda. But the work is “ambitious”, and “it’s important when you get findings like this to try to replicate them”, she adds. 43. According to the research, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The participants in the research all suffered from violent events in Syria. B. The epigenetic marks on DNA will result in changes in the genes’ sequences. C. Researchers have observed no epigenetic marks on DNA of the control group. D. Evidence implies there’re transitions of genetic imprints between generations. 44. The conclusion of the research is debatable mostly because ________. A. epigenetic marks on DNA will be eliminated B. there exist other trustful explanatory theories C. the methods of the research are questionable D. no other similar research supports the results 45. Which of the following chains reflects the theories of Kobor? A. DNA* ⇒ DNA → DNA* B. DNA* ⇒ DNA* → DNA* C. DNA ⇒ DNA* → DNA D. DNA ⇒ DNA → DNA* NB ⇒ Transition of DNA. → Development of DNA (individual). * Epigenetic marks on DNA. 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scientists generally reject Dajani’s conclusion about epigenetic marks’ pass. B. There exists evidence supporting rival hypothesis against Dajani’s results. C. More scientists would participate in the study of genetic imprints of trauma. D. Dajani’s conclusion lacks sufficient evidence and requires further research. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要探讨叙利亚冲突中家庭创伤的代际遗传可能性，揭示了创伤可能跨越代际传递的复杂机制，同时反映了科学界对此问题的分歧与探索。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A study of families who have lived through conflict in Syria suggests that genetic imprints of their trauma (创伤) have been passed to their children and grandchildren.(一项针对叙利亚冲突的家庭研究表明，他们的创伤遗传印记可能已传递给子女和孙辈。)”以及第三段“In the case of one woman who had witnessed violence in the 1980s, these tags persisted in her daughter and grandchildren.(一名20世纪80年代经历暴力的女性的案例中，该女性的表现遗传标记在其女儿和孙辈中持续存在。)”可知，研究和案例表明，创伤的相关遗传印记可能通过代际传递。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Kobor says that there might be explanations other than inheritance to explain the presence of 14 methylation marks of trauma in offspring. There is “a possibility that the trauma of the mums is reflected in their parenting, and that then creates these marks in the next generation”, he says.( Kobor说道，除了遗传之外，可能还有其他解释来解释后代中14个甲基化标记的存在。他说：“有一种可能是，妈妈们的创伤会反应在它们养育孩子的过程中，然后在下一代身上留下这些印记。”)”可知，Kobor认为可能除了遗传外，可能还有着其他的解释，故研究结论可能存在争议是因为可能还存在其他合理的解释。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Another possibility, Kobor says, is that DNA sequences in offspring that are inherited maternally might react to environmental stress in similar ways to what was seen in the mother, and end up with the same methylation tags.( Kobor说，另一种可能性是，母系遗传的后代中的DNA序列可能会以与母亲相似的方式对环境压力做出反应，并最终产生相同的甲基化标签。)”可知，母亲DNA*通过遗传传递DNA，后代因环境产生标记DNA*，且分句其符号的解释，“⇒”表示代际传递，“→”表示个体发展，“*”代表表观标记可知，A项“DNA* ⇒ DNA → DNA*”符合Kobor提出的理论。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““There is a need to be cautious because of the tissue choice and the small sample size and the uncertain clinical implication,” says Yehuda. But the work is “ambitious”, and “it’s important when you get findings like this to try to replicate them”, she adds.( Yehuda说到：“由于组织的选择、小样本量和不确定的临床意义，因此有必要谨慎。”但她补充说，这项工作是“艰巨的”，“当你得到这样的发现时，尝试复证它们是很重要的。”)”可知，Yehuda认为，这项工作是艰巨的，因此尝试复证这些发现是很重要的，故可推知更多的科学家可能参与到创伤遗传印记的研究。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Mother’s Day is celebrated in many countries as a time to express love and appreciation for mothers. It’s a day when families gather, children give flowers and cards, and special meals are shared. But behind this warm tradition is a story of effort, love, and even disappointment. ___47___ She was deeply inspired by her own mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, who had cared for wounded soldiers during the American Civil War and later organized mothers’ groups to promote health and peace. After her mother died in 1905, Anna wanted to create a day that would honor the sacrifices mothers make for their children. Anna Jarvis worked hard to turn this idea into reality. She wrote letters to politicians, gave speeches, and campaigned for the creation of a national holiday. ___48___ In 1914, her efforts paid off when President Woodrow Wilson signed a proclamation designating the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day in the United States. At first, Mother’s Day was celebrated by writing heartfelt letters and spending time with family. However, as the years passed, businesses began to use the holiday as a way to promote and sell gifts like cards, flowers, and chocolates. ___49___ Jarvis was so upset by this change that she actually spent the rest of her life protesting what the holiday had become. Today, people around the world celebrate Mother’s Day in different ways, but the original meaning remains important. ___50___ A. In fact, she even used her own money to organize events and print leaflets. B. She hoped the day would be a quiet, personal way to express gratitude, not a reason for shopping. C. It was created by Anna Jarvis, a woman from West Virginia in the early 1900s. D. The goal was never to buy expensive gifts, but to honor mothers’ love and sacrifice. E. Some countries combine it with religious traditions or cultural festivals. F. Commercial advertisements often encouraged people to spend more, rather than reflect more. 【答案】47. C 48. A 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了母亲节的起源、发展及其背后的故事，强调了母亲节最初的意义是表达对母亲的爱和感激，而非商业化的购物节。 【47题详解】 根据下文“She was deeply inspired by her own mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, who had cared for wounded soldiers during the American Civil War and later organized mothers’ groups to promote health and peace. After her mother died in 1905, Anna wanted to create a day that would honor the sacrifices mothers make for their children. (她深受自己母亲安·里夫斯·贾维斯的启发，母亲在美国内战期间照顾受伤的士兵，后来组织母亲团体促进健康与和平。1905年母亲去世后，安娜想设立一个节日来纪念母亲为孩子所做的牺牲。)”可知，此空应引出安娜·贾维斯这个人物，并说明她是母亲节的创始人。C选项“It was created by Anna Jarvis, a woman from West Virginia in the early 1900s. (它是由20世纪初来自西弗吉尼亚州的一位女性安娜·贾维斯创立的。)”引出下文，符合语境。故选C项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Anna Jarvis worked hard to turn this idea into reality. She wrote letters to politicians, gave speeches, and campaigned for the creation of a national holiday. (安娜·贾维斯努力将这个想法变为现实。她给政客们写信，发表演讲，并呼吁设立一个全国性的节日。)”可知，此空应进一步说明安娜为设立母亲节所做的努力。A选项“In fact, she even used her own money to organize events and print leaflets. (事实上，她甚至用自己的钱来组织活动和印刷传单。)”承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“However, as the years passed, businesses began to use the holiday as a way to promote and sell gifts like cards, flowers, and chocolates. (然而，随着时间的推移，商家开始利用这个节日来推销和销售贺卡、鲜花和巧克力等礼物。)”以及下文“Jarvis was so upset by this change that she actually spent the rest of her life protesting what the holiday had become. (贾维斯对这个变化感到非常沮丧，以至于她余生都在抗议这个节日的商业化。)”可知，此空应描述商家如何利用母亲节进行商业化推广，以及这种推广带来的负面影响。F选项“Commercial advertisements often encouraged people to spend more, rather than reflect more. (商业广告经常鼓励人们多花钱，而不是多思考。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Today, people around the world celebrate Mother’s Day in different ways, but the original meaning remains important. (今天，世界各地的人们以不同的方式庆祝母亲节，但最初的意义仍然很重要。)”可知，此空应强调母亲节最初的意义。D选项“The goal was never to buy expensive gifts, but to honor mothers’ love and sacrifice. (目标从来都不是买昂贵的礼物，而是为了纪念母亲的爱和牺牲。)”承接上文，说明了母亲节的真正意义。故选D项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Pitt Has Revolutionized the Medical Drama Medical dramas are like pizza — they’re usually enjoyable, even when not perfect. Since ER (《急诊室故事》) peaked in the 1990s, many shows tried to copy it using flashy styles, but didn’t quite succeed. That changed with The Pitt, a popular new Max series starring ER actor Noah Wyle. It’s now seen as the best medical drama in years. My interest in The Pitt started when Michael Crichton’s estate filed a lawsuit against Warner Bros., claiming the show was an unlicensed remake of ER. Crichton had created ER based on his time in medical school. Though he later stepped away from the show, this lawsuit — and the return of actors and producers from ER — made me think The Pitt might return to serious, realistic hospital storytelling. What makes The Pitt different is its unique format. The first season has 15 episodes, all covering a single ER shift in real time. This lets the show show deep detail and realism. Instead of big dramatic plots, it focuses on specific trauma cases and the steady work doctors do. Watching skilled staff save lives and keep the ER going is what makes the show so powerful. Noah Wyle plays Dr. Michael Robinavitch, or Robby, a very different character from his ER role. Robby is rougher and more experienced, dealing with PTSD from working in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The show handles this issue with care. Robby also faces everyday and long-term challenges — sometimes serious, sometimes simple, like trying (and failing) to take a bathroom break. The Pitt’s real-time format makes every moment feel important. Even small scenes, like a doctor needing the restroom, are memorable. A major future storyline about a shooting at a music festival is coming, but the show stays grounded in realism — not extreme drama like Grey’s Anatomy or even ER. If The Pitt keeps focusing on realism instead of over-the-top stories, it could completely change what people expect from medical dramas. For now, it shows that telling simple, honest stories can be more powerful than anything flashy. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： The Pitt, another perfect medical drama after several poor imitations of ER, focuses on trauma cases, drawing viewers in with its detailed look at emergency room work. The main doctor faces both modern and timeless challenges. The real-time format shows that simple, realistic stories are more powerful than dramatic plots, making it a standout in medical dramas. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美剧《匹兹堡医护前线》以实时叙事的真实急诊室案例为核心，摒弃浮夸剧情，通过细腻的职业刻画和医生面临的现代困境，被认为是近年来最好的医疗剧。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Since ER (《急诊室故事》) peaked in the 1990s, many shows tried to copy it using flashy styles, but didn’t quite succeed. ②That changed with The Pitt, a popular new Max series starring ER actor Noah Wyle. ③It’s now seen as the best medical drama in years. ④This lets the show show deep detail and realism. ⑤Instead of big dramatic plots, it focuses on specific trauma cases and the steady work doctors do. ⑥Robby also faces everyday and long-term challenges — sometimes serious, sometimes simple, like trying (and failing) to take a bathroom break. ⑦The Pitt’s real-time format makes every moment feel important. ⑧Even small scenes, like a doctor needing the restroom, are memorable. ⑨For now, it shows that telling simple, honest stories can be more powerful than anything flashy. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点进行整合，概括美剧《匹兹堡医护前线》在医疗剧中的地位、剧情焦点及表现形式的特色；将第6个要点进行重组，说明剧中主角的塑造；将第7、8、9三个要点进行整合，介绍该剧的形式创新及其达到的效果。 3. 遣词造句 The Pitt, another perfect medical drama after several poor imitations of ER, focuses on trauma cases, drawing viewers in with its detailed look at emergency room work. The main doctor faces both modern and timeless challenges. The real-time format shows that simple, realistic stories are more powerful than dramatic plots, making it a standout in medical dramas. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The Pitt, another perfect medical drama after several poor imitations of ER, focuses on trauma cases, drawing viewers in with its detailed look at emergency room work. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] The real-time format shows that simple, realistic stories are more powerful than dramatic plots, making it a standout in medical dramas. (运用了that引导宾语从句、现在分词作状语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 故地重游，童年伙伴的欢声笑语依然在老街上回转悠扬。(echo) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When I revisit / return to the familiar place, the laughter and voices of childhood friends still echo on / through the old street. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及时态。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“故地重游”为“Revisit / Return to the familiar place”；“童年伙伴的欢声笑语”为“the laughter and voices of childhood friends”作主句主语；“在老街上回转悠扬”为“ echo on / through the old street.”主语是复数，谓语动词用复数，revisit/return的逻辑主语不是主句主语，故处理为when引导的时间状语从句，句子隐含的主语是I。故翻译为：When I revisit / return to the familiar place, the laughter and voices of childhood friends still echo on / through the old street. 53. 令她忧心忡忡的是，不久后她将独面世事，再无家荫庇护。（before）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What concerns her a lot is that it won’t be long before she has to face the world on her own / alone without the shelter / protection of her family. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和名词性从句。“令她忧心忡忡的”可以用what引导的主语从句表示，翻译为what concerns her a lot，作主语，“是”用be动词is，后面跟that引导的表语从句；“不久后将……”用固定句型it won’t be long before表示；“她将独面世事”翻译为she has to face the world on her own / alone；“无”用介词without；“家荫庇护”翻译为the shelter / protection of her family。故整句翻译为What concerns her a lot is that it won’t be long before she has to face the world on her own / alone without the shelter / protection of her family. 54. 这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构和whose引导的非限制性定语从句。“这位老中医已行医三十载”为主句，主语“这位老中医”用名词短语“this old Chinese doctor”表达；“行医”用动词短语“practice medicine”表达，结合语境和时间状语，这里用现在完成进行时，即“have/has been doing…”表示从过去持续到现在并会继续持续下去的动作；“三十载”作时间状语，用介词短语“for thirty years”表达。因此，主句译为“this old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years”。“（这位老中医的）病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽”作从句，用一般现在时。主语“（这位老中医的）病患”用“this old Chinese doctor’s patients”表达，因此，“this old Chinese doctor ”做先行词，与之后名词之间为所属关系，用whose引导从句，即“whose patients”；“无不称赞”用动词短语“all praise”表达，“其妙手回春”用短语“his remarkable skills in healing”表达；“对他感激不尽”与之前“无不称赞”为并列谓语短语，用短语“be deeply grateful to him”表达，结合从句主语，be用“are”，与之前并列谓语用“and”连接。因此从句译为“whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him”。故翻译为：This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 55. 长江蜿蜒穿越群山平原，见证了历史的潮起潮落，承载着世世代代人们的梦想奔向远方。(wind) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Yangtze River, winding through mountains and plains, has seen the rise and fall of history, carrying the dreams of generations as it flows toward the distant horizon. 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词作状语、时态和短语。分析汉语可知，主句应为“长江见证了历史的潮起潮落。”，从句应为“（随着它）奔向远方”，其余语句应为修饰成分。“长江”可译为The Yangtze River；“见证了”，作为谓语，表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时has seen；“历史的潮起潮落”可译为the rise and fall of history；“蜿蜒穿越”可译为wind through，因wind和主语The Yangtze River之间是主动关系，可用现在分词winding作定语；“群山平原”可译为mountains and plains；“承载着……奔向远方”可译为carry... as it flows toward the distant horizon，因已有谓语动词，同样需用非谓语动词形式表达，因与逻辑主语The Yangtze Rive 为主谓关系，所以carry用现在分词形式作状语；“世世代代人们的梦想”可译为the dreams of generations，故整句话可译为：The Yangtze River, winding through mountains and plains, has seen the rise and fall of history, carrying the dreams of generations as it flows toward the distant horizon. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 以下是小未和小星的一则日常对话： 两人的不同观点折射他们看待事物的不同视角。你如何看待这两种视角？请写一篇文章谈谈你的看法。 Word Box Excerpted from the Cambridge Dictionary. indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ adj. 不可或缺的 prevail /prɪˈveɪl/ vi. 流行；战胜；压倒 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In the dialogue between Wei and Xing, their contrasting views reflect different perspectives on what shapes children. Wei emphasizes parents’ indispensable role, while Xing highlights peers’ influence. I believe both perspectives are valid. Parents, who offer early education and constant support, lay the foundation for a child’s values and behaviors. Their love and guidance are crucial in a child’s formative years. On the other hand, peers, with whom children spend much time growing up, introduce new ideas and social norms. Peer pressure can motivate or misguide children. In conclusion, neither view should be dismissed. Recognizing the unique impacts of parents and peers, which together contribute to a child's holistic development, is essential. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。小未和小星的不同观点折射他们看待事物的不同视角，要求考生就如何看待这两种视角谈谈自己的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 不同的：different→diverse 观点：perspective→opinion 强调：emphasize→stress 至关重要的：crucial→vital 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Their love and guidance are crucial in a child’s formative years. 拓展句：What is crucial in a child’s formative years is the love and guidance they get. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the dialogue between Wei and Xing, their contrasting views reflect different perspectives on what shapes children.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Parents, who offer early education and constant support, lay the foundation for a child’s values and behaviors.（运用了who引导的定语从句） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 57. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The deadline has been postponed to next Sunday. B. Leo didn’t have to stay up all night yesterday. C. Leo hasn’t completed his study report yet. D. The advisor forgot to inform his students the deadline. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: What’s wrong with you, Leo? You look pale. M: I didn’t sleep at all last night so I could submit my study report today. Turns out, my advisor told me the deadline is next Sunday. Q: What can we learn about Leo’s study report? 58. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man is unfamiliar with the band. B. The woman isn’t excited about the concert. C. The man and the woman both enjoy the band’s music and are excited about the concert. D. The man is only interested in seeing the new material, not the old songs. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m really looking forward to the concert next week. I’ve been a fan of that band for years! W: They’re amazing, aren’t they? I heard they have some new material they’re going to perform live for the first time. It’ll be a great experience. Q: What can we infer from the conversation? 59. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ridiculous. B. Humorous. C. Indifferent. D. Overwhelmed. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: What does your WeChat ID mean? Is “Cap” your English name? W: Are you serious? It’s short for Capricorn, the zodiac sign for people like me, born between December 22 and January 19 each year, fool. Q: What does the woman think of the man? 60. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He should find a new set of keys. B. He should stop using keys altogether. C. He should attach his keys to something so they don’t get lost again. D. He should try a different method of storing his keys. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I can’t believe I lost my keys again! W: You should really think about getting a keychain that you can attach to your bag. Q: What is the woman suggesting? 61. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She thinks the man should take a longer break to relax completely. B. She recommends taking a break but staying somewhat focused on work. C. She believes the man should quit his job and find a new career path. D. She suggests that the man not take any breaks to avoid falling behind in work. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m thinking about taking a break for a few days. I need to recharge. W: That’s a good idea. Everyone needs time to rest and recover. Just make sure you don’t get too distracted from your work. Q: What advice is the woman giving? 62. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He thinks the woman is overestimating her abilities. B. He believes the woman is underprepared for the presentation. C. He is confident that the woman will succeed because of her preparation. D. He feels the woman should skip the presentation if she’s so nervous. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m so nervous about my presentation tomorrow. I don’t know if I can handle it. M: You’ve been preparing for weeks. You know your material inside and out, and you’re going to do great! Just trust yourself. Q: What is the man’s attitude towards the woman’s presentation? 63. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man should purchase the laptop now before it sells out. B. The man should wait for a sale or discount to get a better deal. C. The man should borrow money from a friend to buy the laptop. D. The man should buy a second-hand laptop instead. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I really want to buy this new laptop, but I’m not sure if I can afford it. W: Maybe you should wait for a discount. Often, tech stores have sales during the holidays. Q: What is the woman suggesting? 64. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman has already bought a gift for her mom. B. The man doesn’t know when Mother’s Day is. C. The woman will be spending Mother’s Day with her entire family. D. The woman is planning to celebrate Mother’s Day in a simple and personal way. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: I almost forgot! Tomorrow is Mother’s Day. Do you have any special plans for your mom? W: Yes, I’m planning to take her out to her favorite restaurant and then give her a handmade card. She loves those kinds of personal touches. Q: What can we infer from the conversation? 65. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He believes people who go to the gym are motivated by New Year’s resolutions. B. He thinks the gym will be more crowded than usual all year. C. He feels that most people who join the gym in January will stick to their fitness goals. D. He is unsure why the gym has become crowded recently. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Have you noticed how much more crowded the gym has become lately? M: Yeah, it’s because of New Year’s resolutions. Everyone starts working out in January, but most of them give up by February. Q: What does the man imply? 66. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She thinks he should stay where he is, surrounded by his friends and family. B. She believes the man should take the new job to experience something new and grow. C. She thinks the man should wait for another job offer before making any decisions. D. She feels the man is too focused on personal relationships and should prioritize career opportunities. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I don’t know if I should take this new job offer. It’s in a different city, and I’m not sure about leaving my friends and family behind. W: It’s a tough decision, but sometimes, big changes are exactly what we need to grow. Maybe you should take the opportunity and see where it leads. Q: What is the woman’s perspective on the man’s situation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 67. A. To promote ticket sales for David Tao’s upcoming concert. B. To offer backstage details about the concert’s technical setup. C. To inform concert-goers about important event rules and preparations. D. To evaluate previous concerts by David Tao held in indoor venues. 68. A. A printed copy of the venue map and detailed dress code. B. An official ID and their concert e-ticket, printed or digital. C. A backpack with water, snacks, and a portable umbrella. D. Proof of vaccination and a digital health QR code. 69. A. The venue has limited seating and is assigned on a first-come basis. B. The artist is known to start performing earlier than scheduled. C. Security checks are expected to take time and could cause delays. D. The gates close exactly at the start of the performance. 【答案】67. C 68. B 69. C 【解析】 【原文】 This weekend, fans of David Tao will gather for what promises to be an unforgettable live concert experience. Scheduled to take place at the city’s largest outdoor stadium, the event has attracted thousands of concert-goers. In preparation, the organizers have released several important guidelines to ensure safety and smooth entry. First, attendees must bring a valid government-issued photo ID along with their e-ticket, either printed or stored on a mobile device. Second, large personal items—including backpacks, picnic bags, and camera tripods—are strictly prohibited, as are outside food and beverages. Security checks at the entrance are expected to be extensive, so early arrival is strongly recommended. Gates open at 5:30 p.m., and the performance is set to begin promptly at 7:00. Another important reminder: since the venue is fully outdoors and temperatures tend to drop quickly after sunset, light jackets or long-sleeved clothing are suggested. In the event of sudden weather changes, umbrellas are not allowed inside, so fans are advised to bring ponchos or raincoats instead. Finally, to avoid traffic congestion near the stadium, concert-goers are encouraged to take advantage of the extra buses and subway trains that will run before and after the show. Questions: 11. What is the main purpose of the passage? 12. According to the passage, what should attendees bring to the event? 13. Why are fans advised to arrive early for the concert? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 70. A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven. D. Nine. 71. A. Cleaning, feeding, and comforting the rescued animals. B. Providing medical treatment and preparing supplies. C. Transporting animals from the site to the shelter. D. Taking photographs and filing official rescue reports. 72. A. They found the work too demanding and chose not to return. B. They enjoyed the teamwork and were inspired to continue helping. C. They were unsure whether they made any real difference. D. They felt overwhelmed and preferred to support from a distance. 【答案】70. C 71. A 72. B 【解析】 【原文】Last Sunday, I joined a team of volunteers from a local animal rescue center for a full-day mission to save abandoned and injured animals. There were eight of us in total, including both experienced rescuers and first-time volunteers like me. At around 8:00 a.m., we received a report about stray animals near an abandoned warehouse in the industrial district. When we arrived, we found a variety of animals needing help: three puppies, a mother cat with two kittens, and an injured bird—seven animals altogether. Some were hiding under old furniture, while others looked weak or frightened. Using soft towels and animal carriers, we carefully transported them back to the shelter. Once at the center, our team divided responsibilities. Some members handled intake and medical checks, while I helped clean cages, distribute food, and soothe the more nervous animals. It was physically tiring, but watching the animals gradually relax and accept our care made it all worth it. The vet later confirmed that all seven animals were stable and expected to recover well. This experience gave me a completely new understanding of animal rescue work. It’s not just about picking up strays — it’s about patience, teamwork, and building trust. I’ve already signed up to join next Saturday’s shift, and I hope more people will consider getting involved. Questions: 14. How many animals did the team rescue during the mission? 15. What was the speaker mainly responsible for at the rescue center? 16. What can we infer about the speaker’s attitude toward the experience? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 73. A. That they should both quit their jobs and travel. B. That the woman could stay home while he works. C. That they hire someone to help with housework. D. That they each live in different cities during the week. 74. A. She sees it as a chance to rest after years of working. B. She is unsure and wants more time to decide. C. She thinks housework is easier than her current job. D. She prefers to continue working and stay independent. 75. A. Dividing chores strictly based on schedules. B. Letting the woman handle most domestic tasks. C. Sharing both financial and household duties equally. D. Avoiding any division and taking turns randomly. 76. A. They support each other and make decisions together. B. They are often unsure about how to handle conflict. C. They disagree on most big life topics. D. They are still not sure if they should get married. 【答案】73. B 74. D 75. C 76. A 【解析】 【原文】M: So… I was thinking. After we get married, maybe you’d want to stay home — you know, relax a bit, take care of things around the house. I can work full-time and support both of us. W: That’s sweet, but… to be honest, I don’t really want to be a full-time housewife. I love my job. It challenges me and makes me feel independent. M: Yeah? I guess I always imagined I’d be the one providing. Old habits, maybe. But I don’t want to stop you from doing what you love. W: Aww, thank you. And hey — I’m not saying I won’t help at home. I just think we should both pitch in — both with income and with chores. Feels fairer that way. M: You're right. Honestly, I’m not the best at household stuff, but I can learn. Maybe we can turn folding laundry into a competition? W: Haha, only if I get to win every time. But seriously, I don’t expect perfection. I just want us to be a team. No “his” or “hers” jobs. Just ours. M: Wow. You make everything sound so... doable. Like, we’re in this together, no matter what. W: Because we are. And besides, I think we’ll be kind of amazing. We’ve already survived IKEA furniture without breaking up. M: True! That bookshelf nearly ended me. But yeah… we’ve got this. W: Always. You and me — partners in life, and yes, in laundry too. M: Deal. I’m the luckiest guy on Earth. W: You’d better be. Questions: 17. What does the man initially suggest about their future roles? 18. How does the woman feel about the idea of staying home full-time? 19. What solution do they seem to agree on regarding chores and responsibilities? 20. What does the conversation reveal about their relationship? 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语模拟试卷五月听说部分现在开始。2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语模拟试卷五月听说部分现在开始。One, listening comprehension section a directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you've heard. Now you have one hundred seconds to read all the choices on page one and two. One, what's wrong with you, leo? You look, pal, I didn't sleep at . all last night so I could submit my study report today. Turns out my adviser told me the deadline is next sunday. Question, what can we learn about leo study report? Two, i'm really looking forward to the concert next week. I've been a fan of that band for years. They're amazing, aren't they? I heard they have some new material. They're going to perform live for the first time. It'll be a great experience. Question, what can we infer from the conversation? Three, what does your wecht ID mean? Is cap your english name? Are you serious? Is short for cap corn, the soda sign for people like me, born between december twenty seconds and january sixth each year. Full . question. What does the woman think of the man? For I can't believe I lost my keys again. You should really . think about getting a key chain that you can attach to your bag. Question, what is the woman suggesting? Five, i'm thinking about taking a break for a few days. I need to recharge. That's a good idea. Everyone needs time to rest and recover. Just make sure you don't get too distracted from your work. Question, what advice is the woman giving? Six, i'm so nervous about my presentation tomorrow. I don't know if I can handle IT. You've been preparing for weeks. You know your material inside and out and you're going to do great. Just trust yourself. Question, what is the man's attitude towards the woman's presentation? Seven, I really want to buy this new laptop, but i'm not sure if I can afford IT. Maybe you should wait for a discount. Often text stores have sales during the holidays. Question, what is the woman suggesting? Eight, I almost forgot. Tomorrow is mother's day. Do you have any special plans for your mom? Yes, i'm planning to take her out to her favorite restaurant and then give her a handmade card. He loves those kinds of personal touches. Question, what can we infer from the conversation? Nine, have you noticed how much more crowded the gym has become lately? Yeah, it's because of new year's resolutions. Everyone starts working out in january, but most of them give up by february. Question, what does the man imply? Ten, I don't know if I should take this new job offer is in a different city, and i'm not sure about leaving my friends and family behind. It's a tough decision, but sometimes big changes are exactly what we need to grow. Maybe you should take the opportunity and see where IT leads. Question, what is the woman's perspective on the man's situation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passengers and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passengers and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you've heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. This weekend, fans of David tow will gather for what promises to be an unforgettable live concert experience scheduled to take place at the city's largest outdoor stadium. The event has attracted thousands of concert goers. In preparation, the organizers ers have released several important guidelines to ensure safety and smooth entry. First, attendees must bring a valid government issued photo I, D, along with every ticket either printed or stored on a mobile device. Second, large personal items, including backpacks, picnic bags and camera tripods, are strictly prohibited as our outside food and beverages security checks at the entrance are expected to be extensive, so early arrival is strongly recommended. Gates open at five thirty P. M, and the performance is set to begin promptly at seven o'clock. Another important reminder, since the venue is fully outdoors and temperatures tend to drop quickly after sunset, light jackets or long sleeved clothing are suggested in the event of sudden weather changes. Umbrellas are not allowed inside, so fans are advised to bring ponchos or raincoats instead. Finally, to avoid traffic congestion near the stadium, concert goers are encouraged to take advantage of the extra buses and subway trains that will run before and after the show. Now listen again, please. This weekend, fans of David toe will gather for what promises to be an unforgetable live concert experience scheduled to take place at the city's largest outdoor stadium. The event has attracted thousands of concert goers. In preparation, the organizers have released several important guidelines to ensure safety and smooth entry. First, attendees must bring a valid government issued photo ID along with AE ticket, either printed or stored on a mobile device. Second, large personal items, including backpacks, picnic bags and camera tripods, are strictly prohibited as our outside food and beverages security checks at the entrance are expected to be extensive, so early arrival is strongly recommended. Gates open at five thirty pm, and the performance is set to begin promptly at seven o'clock. Another important reminder, since the venue is fully outdoors and temperatures tend to drop quickly after sunset, light jackets or long sleeved clothing are suggested in the event of sudden weather changes, umbrellas are not allowed inside, so fans are advised to bring ponchos or raincoats instead. Finally, to avoid traffic congestion near the stadium, concert goers are encouraged to take advantage of the extra buses and subway trains that will run before and after the show. Questions eleven, what is the main purpose of the passage? Twelve, according to the passage, what should attends bring to the event? Thirteen, why are fans advised to arrive early for the concert? Now you can turn to page four questions. Fourteen through sixteen are based on the following past. Someday, I joined a team of volunteers from a local animal rescue center for a full day mission to save abandoned and injured animals. There were eight of us in total, including both experiences, rescuers and first time volunteers like me. At around eight AM, we received report about stray animals near an abandoned warehouse in the industrial district. When we arrived, we found a variety of animals needing help, three puppies, a mother cat with two kittens and an injured bird, seven animals. Altogether, some were hiding under old furniture, while others looked weak or frightened. Using soft toys and animal Carriers, we carefully transported them back to the shelter. Once at the centre, our team divided responsibility, lit E. S. Some members handled intake and medical checks while I helped clean cages, distribute food and suit the more nervous animals. IT was physically tiring, but watching the animals gradually relax and accept our care made IT all worth IT. The vet later confirmed that all seven animals were stable and expected to recover well. This experience gave me a completely new understanding of animal rescue work. It's not just about picking up stray, it's about patients, teamwork and building trust. I've already signed up to join next saturday shift, and I hope more people will consider getting involved. Now listen again, please. Last sunday, I joined the team of volunteers from a local animal rescue centre for a full day mission to save abandoned and injured animals. There were eight of us in total, including both experienced rescuers and first time volunteers like me. At around AAM, we received a report about stray animals near an abandoned warehouse in the industrial district. When we arrived, we found a variety of animals needing help, three puppies, a mother cat with two kittens and an injured bird. Seven animals. Altogether, some were hiding under old furniture, while others looked weak or frightened. Using soft toys and animal Carriers, we carefully transported them back to the shelter. Once at the centre, our team divided responsibility, ie. S some members handled intake and medical checks while I helped clean cages, distribute food and suit the more nervous animals. IT was physically tired, but watching the animals gradually relax and accept our care made IT all worth IT. The vet later confirmed that all seven animals were stable and expected to recover well. This experience gave me a completely new understanding of animal rescue work. It's not just about picking up res, it's about patients, teamwork and building trust. I've already signed up to join next saturday shift, and I hope more people will consider getting involved. Questions fourteen, how many animals did the team rescue during the mission? Fifteen, what was the speaker mainly responsible for at the rescue centre? Sixteen, what can we infer about the speaker's attitude told the experience. Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. So I was thinking, after we get married, maybe you'd want to stay home, you know, relax a bit, take care of things around the house. I can work full time and support both of us. That's sweet. But to be honest, I don't really want to be a full time housewife. I love my job. IT chAllenges me and makes me feel independent. Yeah, I guess I always imagined i'd be the one providing old habits maybe, but I don't want to stop you from doing what you love. Thank you. And hey, i'm not saying I won't help at home. I just think we should both pitching both with income and with chores feels fairly that way. You're right. Honestly, i'm not the best at household stuff, but I can learn maybe we can turn folding laundry into a competition. haha, only if I get to win every time, but seriously, I don't expect can I just want us to be a team, know his or whose jobs, just ours. Wow, you make everything sounds so doable, like we in this together no matter what. because we are. And besides, I think we will be kind of amazing. We've already survived E. K. A furniture . without breaking up. True, that bookshelf nearly ended me. But yeah, we've got this always. You and me partners in life. And yes, in laundry too. Deal, i'm the lucky guy on earth. You'd Better be. Now listen again, please. So I was thinking, after we get married, maybe you'd want to stay home, you know, relax a bit, take care of things around the house. I can work full time and support both of us. That sweet. But to be honest, I don't really want to be a full time housewife. I love my job. IT chAllenges me and makes me feel independent. Yeah, I guess I always imagined i'd be the one providing old habits maybe but I don't want to stop you from doing what you love. Ah thank you. And hey, i'm not saying I won't help at home. I just think we should both pitching both with income and with chores feels fair that way. You're right. Honestly, i'm not the best at household stuff, but I can learn maybe we can turn folding laundry into a competition. Ha, only if I get to win every time. But seriously, I don't expect perfection. I just want us to be a team. Know his or hers jobs, just ours. Wow, you make everything sounds so doable, like wearing this together no matter what. because we are. And besides, I think we will be kind of amazing. We've already survived E. K. A furniture without breaking up. True, that bookshelf nearly ended me. But yeah, we've got . this always. You and me partners in life. And yes, in laundry too. Deal, i'm the luckiest guy on earth. You'd Better be. Questions seventeen, what does the man initially suggest about their future roles? Eighteen, how does the woman feel about the idea of staying hopefull time? Nineteen, what solution do they seem to agree on regarding chores and responsibility, ie. S. Twenty, what does the conversation reveal about their relationship? 听力。部分到此结束。 上海英语调研卷 （2025年5月） (考试时间105分钟，满分115分) (试卷共10页，答题纸共2页) I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Things To Do When Moving House There’s a lot to remember when it comes to moving into your new home — from all the big physical stuff right down to the small bits of paperwork — so it’s no wonder that there are some things that get left behind. Never forget to label the boxes This might sound like an obvious one ___1___ when you’re rushing, little things like labelling a box can easily be forgotten. And although it seems like a small mistake ___2___ (make), the impact it can have on your move at the other end can be quite a big one. Use the correct packing materials Not using the right packing materials can lead to the fragile items ___3___ (damage). Boxes that aren’t strong enough for their contents can easily collapse under their weight, or bin bags of clothes can tear open leaving your items ___4___(litter) all over the floor and at worst broken or damaged. Another common issue is using boxes that previously contained food stuff that leave a nasty odour(气味) on your belongings if they have picked ___5___ up from their original contents! Take what you need and leave out the unneeded ones ___6___ you eventually get into the swing of packing, it can be hard to stop - and while that’s good, it’s also bad if you end up getting carried away and packing things you might need on the day of the move. This problem compounds if you have ‘helpers’ packing with you ___7___don’t know what you want to take with you. Plan to avoid moving on a Friday ___8___ the temptation that you could have the whole weekend to sort your home out, Fridays are busy days for removal companies so you might end up paying a higher price or struggling to find an available mover.  The other risk of moving on a Friday is if anything goes wrong, many solicitors or estate agents are closed over the weekend meaning sometimes problems ___9___ (not resolve) until the following week, this can mean unplanned costs. Inform people about your move You’ve completed the most challenging part by moving from A to B, but what remains uncertain is how many people who need to know you’ve moved house actually do. ___10___ you should visit the Post Office and fill in a form to redirect all mail starting from your move date is strongly advisable. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alternatives B. challenging C. cycles D. entry-level E. feature F. flow G. inferior H. promising I. purifying J. samples K. transitions Lithium-ion (Li+) batteries are widely used in devices like smartphones and electric vehicles. However, the limited supply of lithium poses a challenge as the world ___11___ to renewable energy. A future dependent on renewables may require up to 200 times more battery capacity than currently available, highlighting the need for ___12___. Sodium-ion (Na+) batteries, using sodium instead of lithium, are emerging as a(n) ___13___option. Sodium is abundant in seawater and salt mines, making it more sustainable and cost-effective. Advances in electrode(电极) materials have made it possible for sodium-ion batteries to store energy comparable to ___14___ lithium-ion batteries, with a density of around 170 Wh/kg, although still behind lithium-ion batteries’ 200 Wh/kg. To further improve performance, researchers have focused on ___15___ the anode(负极) material. The carbon electrode, originally used as anodes, continues to ___16___ in the battery performance, with hard carbon’s porous structure enhancing sodium-ion storage. A novel combination of sodium, vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen (NaVPO) has been developed to facilitate improved sodium-ion storage and ___17___.Another breakthrough involves the use of organic compounds, such as TAQ, in cathodes(正极), which have proven to be stable and capable of retaining substantial energy over thousands of charge-discharge ___18___. While sodium-ion batteries are still ___19___ to lithium-ion batteries in terms of performance, increasing interest from companies like CATL and BYD is driving the technology forward. While CATL’s second-generation marks a significant advance, challenges remain, such as lower energy efficiency, higher costs, and reliance on expensive materials. Ongoing research and innovation may eventually contribute to sodium-ion batteries ____20____ lithium-ion batteries in both performance and economic feasibility. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Psychology of Outrage (愤怒) Outrage stems from accumulated stress and the persistent thoughts that transform discomfort into hostility (伤害). While pain or frustration alone does not necessarily lead to rage, perceiving a situation as unjust, ____21____, or personal significantly increases emotional intensity. Often, anger functions as a defense mechanism, allowing individuals to ____22____ deeper and more vulnerable emotions such as fear, insecurity, or embarrassment. For instance, when faced with criticism, responding with stimulation or frustration can feel like a more manageable reaction than ____23____ personal shortcomings or facing emotional wounds. Although anger may seem like an instinctive response, it is, at its core, a ____24____ reaction shaped by personal insights and interpretations. Many conflicts do not arise from direct harm but rather from how individuals ____25____ and interpret a given situation. Recognizing these cognitive ____26____ is essential in preventing unnecessary emotional distress. By altering one’s thought process — replacing ____27____ or exaggerated assumptions with more neutral and constructive statements — one can effectively ____28____ anger and enhance communication. For example, instead of labeling someone as “careless” or “thoughtless,” conveying specific concerns in a(n) ____29____ and clear manner fosters mutual understanding and resolution. Angry thoughts generally fall into two primary categories: blamers and should-based expectations. For one thing, blamers tend to assume ill intent and ____30____ minor mistakes. Statements such as “You never appreciate my efforts” exaggerate the issue. This kind of thinking fuels outrage and prevents problem-solving. ____31____, should-based thinking invites frustration by establishing unrealistic or rigid ____32____. The entitlement fallacy (谬误) leads individuals to believe that their desires must always be prioritized and fulfilled, while the fairness fallacy falsely assumes that all relationships must be perfectly ____33____ at all times. These false beliefs cause unnecessary disappointment, leading to avoidable conflicts and emotional strain. Effectively managing anger requires a combination of self-awareness, emotional regulation, and deliberate, thoughtful responses. Identifying the ____34____ causes of anger allows individuals to approach conflicts with greater clarity and calmness. While anger is a(n) ____35____ and natural emotion, learning its core issue and mastering its regulation leads to deeper connections, improved well-being, and a healthier approach to handling life’s challenges. 21. A. aggressive B. intentional C. cognitive D. instinctive 22. A. delete B. express C. remain D. mask 23. A. acknowledging B. shading C. indicating D. intensifying 24. A. should-based B. emotion-focused C. thought-driven D. desire-affected 25. A. perceive B. consider C. accept D. behave 26. A. transitions B. pressures C. stimulus D. feelings 27. A. changes B. prejudices C. conclusions D. accusations 28. A. maximize B. minimize C. expand D. narrow 29. A. calm B. clean C. pleasing D. emotional 30. A. overestimate B. overlook C. overstate D. overreact 31. A. By contrast B. In the same way C. On the contrary D. For another 32. A. imaginations B. expectations C. desperations D. fascinations 33. A. just B. perfect C. harmonious D. consistent 34. A. all B. root C. real D. same 35. A. manageable B. approachable C. inevitable D. valuable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A At the remote Little Dome C site in Antarctica, a research team from scientific institutions across ten European nations has achieved a historic milestone for climate science. As part of the European-funded Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice project, the team completed a multi-year drilling campaign, reaching a depth of 2,800 meters, where the Antarctic ice sheet meets the bedrock. The extracted ice preserves an unprecedented(史无前例的) record of Earth’s climate history, providing continuous information on atmospheric temperatures and original samples of ancient air with greenhouse gases, spanning over 1.2 million years and possibly beyond. “This is a great moment for climate science. This is the longest continuous ice core record of past climate, and we hope it can reveal the interlink between our planet’s carbon cycle and temperature,” comments Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, professor at the University of Manitoba. For the first time, scientists expect to unveil critical details about Earth’s atmospheric history that extend beyond 800,000 years ago. Elementary analyses indicate the uppermost 2,480 meters contain a high-resolution climate record going back 1.2 million years, with up to 13,000 years compressed into one meter of ice, reports Julien Westhoff, chief scientist in the field. The lowest 210 meters of the ice core consist of even older ice that is heavily deformed, possibly mixed or refrozen, and of unknown origin. Advanced analyses could reveal the glaciation processes of East Antarctica, which researchers aim to unravel. Around one million years ago, glacial-interglacial cycles slowed from 41,000- to 100,000-year intervals. The reasons behind this shift remain one of climate science’s enduring mysteries. Researchers believe it is linked to greenhouse gases, extracted from trapped air bubbles in the ice. “Denmark, together with Germany and France, provided the ice core drill used to drill the ice core. We are proud of the successfully drilled ice core. It goes beyond our expectations, and we look forward to analyzing this information with the entire European team,” concludes Dorthe. 36. Which of the following statements about the research team at Little Dome C is TRUE? A. It was funded by the European Union. B. It found climate records under ice first. C. It spent years drilling in Antarctica. D. It reached the deepest underground. 37. According to Dorthe, what is the significance of the ice core record? A. It is the first ice core record scientists discovered from Antarctica. B. It provides the longest continuous record of the past climate of the Earth. C. It contains the oldest ancient air samples scientists have ever found. D. It presents the association between temperature and the carbon cycle. 38. Scientists hope to uncover ________ from the lowest 210 meters of the ice core. A. where the composition of glaciers came from B. what the concentration of greenhouse gases is C. why the glacial-interglacial cycles slowed D. how the glaciers form their current condition 39. What can be the best title for this passage? A. Historic Milestone in Climate Science. B. European Team Drills Deepest Ice Core. C. Antarctica’s Ice Reveals Climate Mysteries. D. Greenhouse Gases and Glacial Cycles. B The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. After you enter a prompt, the AI model analyzes your input and generates a response based on the patterns it has learned through its training. More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, or offensive, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University. Be specific Generic prompts like “Write a story” will produce generic results. What kind of story do you want? What genre? Is it for adults or children? Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and concise will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. “Act as if…” Asking the AI to behave as if were a type of person, process, or object can be an easy way to start generating better prompts. The AI will attempt to emulate that role and tailor its answers accordingly. For example, imagine you wanted help create a recipe based on the ingredients you have in your kitchen. If you added “act as if you are my personal trainer” first, the AI will consider this context in its response, suggesting a healthy recipe or a meal designed to refuel after a workout. ____________________ Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/that contains…” etc. 40. This passage is found in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be found there? A. Core principles for responsible Gen AI use. B. Restrictions on the usage of Gen AI. C. Various samples of well-structured prompts. D. Guides to writing essays with Gen AI. 41. Which of the following subtitles can be filled in blank? A. Consider tone and audience B. Tell it how you want your output to be presented C. Ask it to create your prompts or what else it needs from you D. Correct mistakes and give feedback 42. Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. Which of the following prompts is the most proper when using Gen AI? A. Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. B. Write an article about the essence of basketball, citing several stories of famous stars. C. Discuss advantages of doing sports, specifically basketball, with reference to literature. D. Make up a story about one’s experience in basketball, showing the importance of sports. C A study of families who have lived through conflict in Syria suggests that genetic imprints of their trauma (创伤) have been passed to their children and grandchildren. The research focuses on the controversial idea that trauma can leave ‘epigenetic marks’ on a person’s genes that can be passed onto following generations. Researchers compared data from 10 families who fled violent events in Syria in the 1980s, and 22 families who fled after the uprising in 2011, with a control group of 16 Syrian families who had not been exposed to war-related violence. The team analysed epigenetic marks — chemical tags on DNA sequences that result from environmental factors including stress — in more than 850,000 DNA regions. Epigenetic marks do not alter DNA sequences but can affect how genes work. The authors found that adults and children who had been directly exposed to violence in the 1980s and after 2011 had distinctive epigenetic marks in certain DNA regions. In the case of one woman who had witnessed violence in the 1980s, these tags persisted in her daughter and grandchildren. The researchers did not find any of these epigenetic marks among people in the control group. There were 131 participants in total. Nevertheless, researchers disagree on whether methylation marks on DNA can pass between generations. This is because during early stages of mammalian development, the genome undergoes the equivalent of a memory reset that clears out DNA methylation tags. But recent studies in animals suggest that the methylation of some DNA sites could escape being reprogrammed, says Dajani. Kobor says that there might be explanations other than inheritance to explain the presence of 14 methylation marks of trauma in offspring. There is “a possibility that the trauma of the mums is reflected in their parenting, and that then creates these marks in the next generation”, he says. Another possibility, Kobor says, is that DNA sequences in offspring that are inherited maternally might react to environmental stress in similar ways to what was seen in the mother, and end up with the same methylation tags. But Dajani notes that the families in the 1980s group of participants were not blood relatives. This makes it less likely that shared genetics or parenting effects alone produced the consistent methylation marks in all ten families, she says. “There is a need to be cautious because of the tissue choice and the small sample size and the uncertain clinical implication,” says Yehuda. But the work is “ambitious”, and “it’s important when you get findings like this to try to replicate them”, she adds. 43. According to the research, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The participants in the research all suffered from violent events in Syria. B. The epigenetic marks on DNA will result in changes in the genes’ sequences. C. Researchers have observed no epigenetic marks on DNA of the control group. D. Evidence implies there’re transitions of genetic imprints between generations. 44. The conclusion of the research is debatable mostly because ________. A. epigenetic marks on DNA will be eliminated B. there exist other trustful explanatory theories C. the methods of the research are questionable D. no other similar research supports the results 45. Which of the following chains reflects the theories of Kobor? A. DNA* ⇒ DNA → DNA* B. DNA* ⇒ DNA* → DNA* C. DNA ⇒ DNA* → DNA D. DNA ⇒ DNA → DNA* NB ⇒ Transition of DNA. → Development of DNA (individual). * Epigenetic marks on DNA. 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scientists generally reject Dajani’s conclusion about epigenetic marks’ pass. B. There exists evidence supporting rival hypothesis against Dajani’s results. C. More scientists would participate in the study of genetic imprints of trauma. D. Dajani’s conclusion lacks sufficient evidence and requires further research. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Mother’s Day is celebrated in many countries as a time to express love and appreciation for mothers. It’s a day when families gather, children give flowers and cards, and special meals are shared. But behind this warm tradition is a story of effort, love, and even disappointment. ___47___ She was deeply inspired by her own mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, who had cared for wounded soldiers during the American Civil War and later organized mothers’ groups to promote health and peace. After her mother died in 1905, Anna wanted to create a day that would honor the sacrifices mothers make for their children. Anna Jarvis worked hard to turn this idea into reality. She wrote letters to politicians, gave speeches, and campaigned for the creation of a national holiday. ___48___ In 1914, her efforts paid off when President Woodrow Wilson signed a proclamation designating the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day in the United States. At first, Mother’s Day was celebrated by writing heartfelt letters and spending time with family. However, as the years passed, businesses began to use the holiday as a way to promote and sell gifts like cards, flowers, and chocolates. ___49___ Jarvis was so upset by this change that she actually spent the rest of her life protesting what the holiday had become. Today, people around the world celebrate Mother’s Day in different ways, but the original meaning remains important. ___50___ A. In fact, she even used her own money to organize events and print leaflets. B. She hoped the day would be a quiet, personal way to express gratitude, not a reason for shopping. C. It was created by Anna Jarvis, a woman from West Virginia in the early 1900s. D. The goal was never to buy expensive gifts, but to honor mothers’ love and sacrifice. E. Some countries combine it with religious traditions or cultural festivals. F. Commercial advertisements often encouraged people to spend more, rather than reflect more. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Pitt Has Revolutionized the Medical Drama Medical dramas are like pizza — they’re usually enjoyable, even when not perfect. Since ER (《急诊室故事》) peaked in the 1990s, many shows tried to copy it using flashy styles, but didn’t quite succeed. That changed with The Pitt, a popular new Max series starring ER actor Noah Wyle. It’s now seen as the best medical drama in years. My interest in The Pitt started when Michael Crichton’s estate filed a lawsuit against Warner Bros., claiming the show was an unlicensed remake of ER. Crichton had created ER based on his time in medical school. Though he later stepped away from the show, this lawsuit — and the return of actors and producers from ER — made me think The Pitt might return to serious, realistic hospital storytelling. What makes The Pitt different is its unique format. The first season has 15 episodes, all covering a single ER shift in real time. This lets the show show deep detail and realism. Instead of big dramatic plots, it focuses on specific trauma cases and the steady work doctors do. Watching skilled staff save lives and keep the ER going is what makes the show so powerful. Noah Wyle plays Dr. Michael Robinavitch, or Robby, a very different character from his ER role. Robby is rougher and more experienced, dealing with PTSD from working in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The show handles this issue with care. Robby also faces everyday and long-term challenges — sometimes serious, sometimes simple, like trying (and failing) to take a bathroom break. The Pitt’s real-time format makes every moment feel important. Even small scenes, like a doctor needing the restroom, are memorable. A major future storyline about a shooting at a music festival is coming, but the show stays grounded in realism — not extreme drama like Grey’s Anatomy or even ER. If The Pitt keeps focusing on realism instead of over-the-top stories, it could completely change what people expect from medical dramas. For now, it shows that telling simple, honest stories can be more powerful than anything flashy. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 故地重游，童年伙伴的欢声笑语依然在老街上回转悠扬。(echo) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 令她忧心忡忡的是，不久后她将独面世事，再无家荫庇护。（before）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 54. 这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 55. 长江蜿蜒穿越群山平原，见证了历史的潮起潮落，承载着世世代代人们的梦想奔向远方。(wind) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 以下是小未和小星的一则日常对话： 两人的不同观点折射他们看待事物的不同视角。你如何看待这两种视角？请写一篇文章谈谈你的看法。 Word Box Excerpted from the Cambridge Dictionary. indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ adj. 不可或缺的 prevail /prɪˈveɪl/ vi. 流行；战胜；压倒 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 57. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The deadline has been postponed to next Sunday. B. Leo didn’t have to stay up all night yesterday. C. Leo hasn’t completed his study report yet. D. The advisor forgot to inform his students the deadline. 58. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man is unfamiliar with the band. B. The woman isn’t excited about the concert. C. The man and the woman both enjoy the band’s music and are excited about the concert. D. The man is only interested in seeing the new material, not the old songs. 59. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ridiculous. B. Humorous. C. Indifferent. D. Overwhelmed. 60. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He should find a new set of keys. B. He should stop using keys altogether. C. He should attach his keys to something so they don’t get lost again. D. He should try a different method of storing his keys. 61. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She thinks the man should take a longer break to relax completely. B. She recommends taking a break but staying somewhat focused on work. C. She believes the man should quit his job and find a new career path. D. She suggests that the man not take any breaks to avoid falling behind in work. 62. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He thinks the woman is overestimating her abilities. B. He believes the woman is underprepared for the presentation. C. He is confident that the woman will succeed because of her preparation. D. He feels the woman should skip the presentation if she’s so nervous. 63. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man should purchase the laptop now before it sells out. B. The man should wait for a sale or discount to get a better deal. C. The man should borrow money from a friend to buy the laptop. D. The man should buy a second-hand laptop instead. 64. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman has already bought a gift for her mom. B. The man doesn’t know when Mother’s Day is. C. The woman will be spending Mother’s Day with her entire family. D. The woman is planning to celebrate Mother’s Day in a simple and personal way. 65. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He believes people who go to the gym are motivated by New Year’s resolutions. B. He thinks the gym will be more crowded than usual all year. C. He feels that most people who join the gym in January will stick to their fitness goals. D. He is unsure why the gym has become crowded recently. 66. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She thinks he should stay where he is, surrounded by his friends and family. B. She believes the man should take the new job to experience something new and grow. C. She thinks the man should wait for another job offer before making any decisions. D. She feels the man is too focused on personal relationships and should prioritize career opportunities. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 67. A. To promote ticket sales for David Tao’s upcoming concert. B. To offer backstage details about the concert’s technical setup. C. To inform concert-goers about important event rules and preparations. D. To evaluate previous concerts by David Tao held in indoor venues. 68. A. A printed copy of the venue map and detailed dress code. B. An official ID and their concert e-ticket, printed or digital. C. A backpack with water, snacks, and a portable umbrella. D. Proof of vaccination and a digital health QR code. 69. A. The venue has limited seating and is assigned on a first-come basis. B. The artist is known to start performing earlier than scheduled. C. Security checks are expected to take time and could cause delays. D. The gates close exactly at the start of the performance. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 70. A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven. D. Nine. 71. A. Cleaning, feeding, and comforting the rescued animals. B. Providing medical treatment and preparing supplies. C. Transporting animals from the site to the shelter. D. Taking photographs and filing official rescue reports. 72. A. They found the work too demanding and chose not to return. B. They enjoyed the teamwork and were inspired to continue helping. C. They were unsure whether they made any real difference. D. They felt overwhelmed and preferred to support from a distance. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 73. A. That they should both quit their jobs and travel. B. That the woman could stay home while he works. C. That they hire someone to help with housework. D. That they each live in different cities during the week. 74. A. She sees it as a chance to rest after years of working. B. She is unsure and wants more time to decide. C. She thinks housework is easier than her current job. D. She prefers to continue working and stay independent. 75. A. Dividing chores strictly based on schedules. B. Letting the woman handle most domestic tasks. C. Sharing both financial and household duties equally. D. Avoiding any division and taking turns randomly. 76. A. They support each other and make decisions together. B. They are often unsure about how to handle conflict. C. They disagree on most big life topics. D. They are still not sure if they should get married. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $