暑假作业05 句子成分和句子结构 -【暑假分层作业】2025年高一年级英语暑假培优练（译林版2020）

限时练习：45 min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业05句子成分和句子结构 一、定义 句子是一个完整的意义单位，由不同的句子成分构成。其中，最重要的成分就是主语和谓语，分别表明句子的主体和主体的动作或状态。此外，句子成分还包括宾语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等，它们共同组成了英语中的基本句型，并承担不同的表意功能。 二、句子成分 1. 主语：主语是句子的主体，通常是名词或代词，表示动作的执行者或被描述的主体。 2. 谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明。 3. 宾语：宾语是动作的对象或承受者。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。 4. 表语: 用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态，通常出现在系动词之后。 5. 定语：修饰名词或代词，说明其特征、性质、数量、所属等。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等充当。 6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式等。 7. 补语：补充说明主语或宾语的信息，使其意义更加完整。通常跟在动词或宾语后面。补语可以分为两类：主语补语和宾语补语。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．Competition is healthy for the society, but pushing it too far ________ mental illness. A．results from B．as a result C．as a result of D．results in 2．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside his bed to keep himself __________ of his own dreams. A．reminded B．having reminded C．reminding D．being reminded 3．The film was made ______ on a true old story. A．base B．to be based C．based D．basing 4．A good teacher has to be armed with the ability to stay students ________ on their learning goals. A．focusing B．being focused C．focused D．to be focused 5．— Do you think Nancy will make an excellent teacher? — No, I don’t. The job of being a teacher ______ patience and carefulness, but she is careless and impatient. A．reminds B．requires C．records D．reduces 6．With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view. A．stood; focusing B．standing; focusing C．standing; focused D．stood; focused 7．I entered the cat section of the shelter, observing all the ears turning as my footsteps echoed down the hall. Then I was drawn to a cage with a large message written in red marker: “ , He Bites!” A．Proposal B．Warning C．Patience D．Safety 8．Goubuli Steamed Buns delight the palate with its __________ flavor, thin yet chewy skin and succulent meat __________ making it a classic Tianjin snack. A．sparkly...filling B．savory…filling C．sparkly...base D．savory...base 9．Having been attacked by terrorists, ______ A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists 二、单句语法填空 10．High school students learn to solve problems (individual) by working on individual projects. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．In modern times, men and women enjoy (equal) in many walks of life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．No matter how (advance) modern equipment is, letters will not be replaced in expressing people’s feelings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13． (challenge) as the activity was, everyone enjoyed it and all the participants learned a lot from it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．I made a (propose) that we should have it debated for several times at the meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The art museum garden is very attractive will open next week. 16．She (tip) the waitress a dollar to thank for her good service. （所给词的适当形式填空） 17．Over the next few weeks, we made it to the playground ever day and (stick) to practising together.（所给词的适当形式填空） 一、句型转换 1．We set about discussing when and how we should finish the task. (句型转换) →We    when and how we should finish the task. 2．My teachers arranged some homework in class. I have finished all the homework. (用定语从句合并句子) →I have finished all the homework . 3．I have lazy students in my class and hardworking students in my class. (改写省略句) → 4．The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several self-catering apartments. (改为同义句) The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, / , there are several self-catering apartments. 5．He is singing a Japanese song happily in the room. Can you hear that? (现在分词改写) →Can you hear a Japanese song happily in the room? 6．The topic of the speech contest will be announced to all of you ahead of time.(句型转换) The topic of the speech contest will be announced to all of you . 7．He was careless and as a result, he died. （同义句转换） →He died his carelessness. →His carelessness his death. →His death his carelessness. 二、完成句子 8．Mr Lee made a that a new high-speed railway should be built. (用适当的词填空) 9．In the end he had to walk — run to the office. (根据句意填空) 10．How many students are there in your school ?（用all的相关短语填空） 11．Mr Samuel, president of our company, is now many branches across China. （用“in+n. +of”型短语完成句子） 三、英汉互译 12．最重要的是，你要重视你所拥有的，因为你的生命是有限的。(most importantly) (汉译英) 13．有清晰的方向感会让你保持专注和积极。（sense of direction）(汉译英) 14．他总是利用任何时间来克服一些具有挑战性的问题。（take advantage of）(汉译英) 15．The city and residents rebuilt it, taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture. (英译汉) 16．He seemed more like a human than a machine. (英译汉) 17．Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed! (英译汉) 一、短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. When I was in my second year of senior high school, a girl 1 (call) Jeanie in my class made a big name for herself. She had successfully passed 2 interviews for a famous women’s university in the USA． 3 hearing the news, I told the girl that I admired her very much. Then, she smiled at me and said the words 4 I will never forget: “You can also do it ! If you have dreams, you should realize them. Without action，dreams are still dreams.”Her words gave me so much 5 (encourage). She encouraged me to take action to realize my dreams. From then on, I spent a lot of time 6 (prepare) an article for a competition. After several days' hard work, I finished it and handed it in. Day in and day out, I kept waiting and waiting, 7 I heard nothing. I was very 8 (disappoint) then. One day, however, a classmate of mine pointed to an English newspaper and said 9 (excite),“Emma，your name is in the newspaper!”My heart beat heavily. With shock and joy, I picked up the newspaper. The thing I thought was 10 (possible) had really happened. 二、完形填空 When I was 15 years old, I was a straight A student. I was always 11 with a great group of friends, and I would hang out with them every weekend. Then I moved to a new place just before high school, and everything 12 overnight. While trying to 13 my new surroundings, I also started tenth grade. Going to public school in a big city, however, was harder than before. I started 14 not well in class. Although I tried hard, my mind would go 15 the moment I took the exam. All my 16 didn’t pay off, and I failed. As a result, I became 17 and turned to video games. My English teacher noticed I was 18 . He suggested I should go to the after-school classes for the kids who needed help. 19 to get a passing grade, I went. And that was where I met Oliver. 20 , he became my best friend and I was back on 21 . Little by little, my 22 improved. It seemed that reshaping ourselves in a new environment wasn’t that terrible as 23 . As the year progressed, I made many friends and won many awards as well. 24 , I saw that my depression slowly 25 . Having a friend really helped, even more than video games. 11．A．covered B．surrounded C．filled D．greeted 12．A．improved B．finished C．changed D．failed 13．A．adapt to B．escape from C．move in D．react against 14．A．debating B．sleeping C．listening D．performing 15．A．wild B．blank C．silent D．free 16．A．hope B．efforts C．wisdom D．wishes 17．A．addicted B．amazed C．depressed D．interested 18．A．struggling B．cheating C．missing D．recovering 19．A．Proud B．Afraid C．Confident D．Eager 20．A．Completely B．Suddenly C．Gradually D．Unfortunately 21．A．track B．purpose C．business D．duty 22．A．health B．grades C．strength D．skills 23．A．suggested B．planned C．intended D．expected 24．A．Worse still B．Looking back C．To be frank D．Generally speaking 25．A．existed B．balanced C．disappeared D．suffered 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 限时练习：45 min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业05句子成分和句子结构 一、定义 句子是一个完整的意义单位，由不同的句子成分构成。其中，最重要的成分就是主语和谓语，分别表明句子的主体和主体的动作或状态。此外，句子成分还包括宾语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等，它们共同组成了英语中的基本句型，并承担不同的表意功能。 二、句子成分 1. 主语：主语是句子的主体，通常是名词或代词，表示动作的执行者或被描述的主体。 2. 谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明。 3. 宾语：宾语是动作的对象或承受者。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。 4. 表语: 用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态，通常出现在系动词之后。 5. 定语：修饰名词或代词，说明其特征、性质、数量、所属等。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等充当。 6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式等。 7. 补语：补充说明主语或宾语的信息，使其意义更加完整。通常跟在动词或宾语后面。补语可以分为两类：主语补语和宾语补语。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．Competition is healthy for the society, but pushing it too far ________ mental illness. A．results from B．as a result C．as a result of D．results in 【答案】D 【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：竞争对社会的健康发展有益，但过于激烈会导致精神疾病。A. results from由……导致；B. as a result结果；C. as a result of作为……的结果；D. results in导致。根据“pushing it too far ”可知，过于激烈导致精神疾病，故选D。 2．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside his bed to keep himself __________ of his own dreams. A．reminded B．having reminded C．reminding D．being reminded 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Michael在床边挂了一张姚明的照片，提醒自己不要忘记自己的梦想。此处是“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，remind和himself之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 3．The film was made ______ on a true old story. A．base B．to be based C．based D．basing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影是根据一个真实的老故事拍摄的。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，短语be based on意为“基于/根据……”，base和The film逻辑上是被动关系，因此用base的过去分词形式，作方式状语。故选C。 4．A good teacher has to be armed with the ability to stay students ________ on their learning goals. A．focusing B．being focused C．focused D．to be focused 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个好的老师必须有能力让学生专注于他们的学习目标。空处是宾补，和宾语students之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故选C。 5．— Do you think Nancy will make an excellent teacher? — No, I don’t. The job of being a teacher ______ patience and carefulness, but she is careless and impatient. A．reminds B．requires C．records D．reduces 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——你认为南希会成为一名优秀的教师吗？——不，我不这么认为。教师这份工作需要耐心和细心，但她既粗心又没有耐心。A. reminds提醒，使想起；B. requires需要，要求；C. records记录；D. reduces减少，降低。根据“The job of being a teacher”以及“patience and carefulness”可知，这里表达的是教师这份工作需要具备耐心和细心这些特质，用动词require作谓语，描述教师这份工作对特质的需求是最合适的。故选B项。 6．With mountains ________ at the far side and flocks of birds flying overhead, I can’t help but have my eyes ________ on such breath-taking view. A．stood; focusing B．standing; focusing C．standing; focused D．stood; focused 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：远处群山矗立，头顶飞鸟成群，我不禁将目光投向了这令人屏息的美景。第一空为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，mountain和stand之间为主动关系，因此需用现在分词形式作宾补，并与空格后的flying并列；第二空是“have+宾语+宾补”结构，focus和my eyes之间是被动关系，此处需用过去分词作宾补。故选C。 7．I entered the cat section of the shelter, observing all the ears turning as my footsteps echoed down the hall. Then I was drawn to a cage with a large message written in red marker: “ , He Bites!” A．Proposal B．Warning C．Patience D．Safety 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我走进收容所的猫咪区，当我的脚步声在走廊里回响时，我看到所有猫咪的耳朵都转了过来。然后我被一个笼子吸引住了，笼子上用红色记号笔写着一条很大的信息：“警告，它会咬人！” A. Proposal提议、建议；B. Warning警告、警示；C. Patience耐心；D. Safety安全。根据后文“He Bites!”指写着会咬人的警告。故选B。 8．Goubuli Steamed Buns delight the palate with its __________ flavor, thin yet chewy skin and succulent meat __________ making it a classic Tianjin snack. A．sparkly...filling B．savory…filling C．sparkly...base D．savory...base 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：狗不理包子以其美味的味道，薄而有嚼劲的皮和多汁的肉馅使其成为经典的天津小吃。第一空sparkly耀眼的；savory可口的，味美的，修饰后文flavor应用savory，故排除A、C选项；第二空filling填充料，馅料；base基地，根据上文“succulent meat”可知指包子多汁的肉馅，故选B。 9．Having been attacked by terrorists, ______ A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：由于受到恐怖分子的袭击，这座高楼倒塌了。根据“Having been attacked by terrorists”可知，分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语为同一个主语，再根据句意可知，由于这座高楼受到恐怖分子的袭击，这座高楼倒塌了。故选B项。 二、单句语法填空 10．High school students learn to solve problems (individual) by working on individual projects. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】individually 【详解】考查副词。句意：高中学生通过个人项目学习单独解决问题。空处修饰动词solve，应用副词形式，故填individually。 11．In modern times, men and women enjoy (equal) in many walks of life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】equality 【详解】考查名词。句意：在现代，男性和女性在生活的许多方面都享有平等的权利。根据句意可知，此处表示“享有平等的权利”，应用名词equality“平等”作动词enjoy的宾语，equality为不可数名词。故填equality。 12．No matter how (advance) modern equipment is, letters will not be replaced in expressing people’s feelings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：无论现代设备多么先进，文字在表达人们的感情方面都不会被取代。空处作表语，应填形容词形式，故填advanced。 13． (challenge) as the activity was, everyone enjoyed it and all the participants learned a lot from it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Challenging 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然这个活动很有挑战性，但每个人都很喜欢，所有的参与者都从中学到了很多东西。as引导的让步状语从句使用了部分倒装，空处作表语，challenge的形容词形式challenging“有挑战性的”符合题意，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Challenging。 14．I made a (propose) that we should have it debated for several times at the meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：我提议我们在会议上多次讨论这个问题。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，propose的名词形式是proposal“提议，建议”，作宾语。故填proposal。 15．The art museum garden is very attractive will open next week. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：艺术博物馆的花园非常吸引人，它将于下周开放。 garden is very attractive will open next week. 是一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词The art museum,先行词在从句中作定语，表示“……的”，故填whose。 16．She (tip) the waitress a dollar to thank for her good service. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】tipped 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：她给女服务员一美元小费以感谢她的周到服务。句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，空处使用动词过去式tipped。故填tipped。 17．Over the next few weeks, we made it to the playground ever day and (stick) to practising together.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查时态。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我们每天都去操场，坚持一起练习。空处于and前面的made并列，作谓语，所以为一般过去时。故填stuck。 一、句型转换 1．We set about discussing when and how we should finish the task. (句型转换) →We    when and how we should finish the task. 【答案】 set out to discuss 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们开始讨论何时以及如何完成这项任务。原句中的谓语部分使用了动词短语set about doing something意为“开始着手做某事”，短语set out to do something表示相同的意思，改写句中可以使用这个短语替换，保持时态一致。所以表示“开始讨论”使用set out to discuss。故填set；out；to；discuss。 2．My teachers arranged some homework in class. I have finished all the homework. (用定语从句合并句子) →I have finished all the homework . 【答案】that my teachers arranged in class 【详解】考查定语从句。原句意：我的老师在课堂上布置了一些作业。我已经完成了所有的作业。把第二句作主句，其中the homework作先行词，把第一句My teachers arranged some homework in class作从句，先行词在从句中作宾语，且先行词由关系代词all修饰，定语从句应由关系代词that引导。故填that my teachers arranged in class。 3．I have lazy students in my class and hardworking students in my class. (改写省略句) → 【答案】I have both lazy and hardworking students in my class. 【详解】考查省略句。句意：我班上有懒惰的学生，也有用功的学生。题目要求用省略句改写，也就是省略重复的部分，即省略宾语students和介词短语 in my class，再根据句意，用both and来连接lazy和hardworking。故答案为I have both lazy and hardworking students in my class. 4．The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several self-catering apartments. (改为同义句) The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, / , there are several self-catering apartments. 【答案】 what’s more most importantly 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：酒店本身可容纳80位客人，此外，还有几间自助式公寓。原句中“in addition”意为“另外，此外”，表示对原有信息的补充，可替换成what’s more“而且，另外，更重要的是”或者most importantly“最重要的是”。故填①what’s more；②most importantly。 5．He is singing a Japanese song happily in the room. Can you hear that? (现在分词改写) →Can you hear a Japanese song happily in the room? 【答案】 him singing 【详解】考查复合宾语、现在分词。句意：你能听见他在房间里正在快乐地唱一首日语歌曲吗？动词hear后可接复合宾语，宾格him作宾语，现在分词singing作宾语补足语，和宾语之间是主动进行的关系。故空1填him；空2填singing。 6．The topic of the speech contest will be announced to all of you ahead of time.(句型转换) The topic of the speech contest will be announced to all of you . 【答案】 in advance 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：演讲比赛的题目将提前通知大家。ahead of time意为“提前”，根据空格数可知，此处应用介词短语in advance表示同样的意思作状语。故填①in②advance。 7．He was careless and as a result, he died. （同义句转换） →He died his carelessness. →His carelessness his death. →His death his carelessness. 【答案】 as a result of resulted in resulted from 【详解】考查时态、介词和动词短语搭配。句意：他粗心大意，结果死了。分析原句可知，“粗心大意”和“死亡”之间有因果关系，且句子描述的时过去事实，应用一般过去时。又根据第一个替换句的句子结构可知，空处应填介词短语的固定搭配as a result of，表示“由于，因为”，符合句意；根据第二个替换句的句子结构可知，空处应填动词短语的一般过去时形式resulted in，作谓语，表示“导致”，符合句意；再分析第三个替换句可知，空处应填动词短语的一般过去时形式resulted from，作谓语，表示“ 由......引起”，符合句意。故填①as②a③result④of⑤resulted⑥in⑦resulted⑧from。 二、完成句子 8．Mr Lee made a that a new high-speed railway should be built. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：李先生建议修建一条新的高速铁路。空后that a new high-speed railway should be built是that引导的同位语从句，再根据空前的a可知，此处应该用名词proposal“建议”。故答案为proposal。 9．In the end he had to walk — run to the office. (根据句意填空) 【答案】or rather 【详解】考查短语。句意：最后，他不得不步行——确切地说，是跑着去办公室的。根据句意可知，确切说他是跑着去办公室的。“确切地说”是or rather，故 填or rather。 10．How many students are there in your school ?（用all的相关短语填空） 【答案】 in all 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：你们学校总共有多少学生？结合句意，表达“总计，总共”用in all。故填in all。 11．Mr Samuel, president of our company, is now many branches across China. （用“in+n. +of”型短语完成句子） 【答案】 in possession / charge of 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：我们公司的总裁塞缪尔先生现在负责中国各地的许多分公司/我们公司的总裁塞缪尔先生现在在中国各地设有许多分公司。根据句意可知，空处填介词短语in possession of“拥有”或者in charge of“负责”作表语。故填in possession / charge of。 三、英汉互译 12．最重要的是，你要重视你所拥有的，因为你的生命是有限的。(most importantly) (汉译英) 【答案】Most importantly, you should value what you have since your life is limited. 【详解】考查副词、动词、形容词、宾语从句和原因状语从句。“最重要的是”可用副词最高级most importantly，作状语；主语“你”用代词you，“应该”可用情态动词should，后跟动词原形，“重视”可用动词value；“你所拥有的”可用what引导宾语从句，从句描述当前的情况，时态用一般现在时，可表述为what you have；“因为你的生命是有限的”可用since引导原因状语从句，从句描述客观情况，时态用一般现在时，主语“你的生命”用名词短语your life，系动词“是”用is，表语“有限的”可用形容词limited。故可译为：Most importantly, you should value what you have since your life is limited. 13．有清晰的方向感会让你保持专注和积极。（sense of direction）(汉译英) 【答案】Having a clear sense of direction will keep you focused and positive. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“有清晰的方向”使用动词短语have a clear sense of direction，作主语，表示一般性、概念性的行为，使用动名词形式，“让你保持……”使用“keep you+形容词”结构，形容词作宾补，“专注和积极”使用并列的形容词focused and positive，结合句中“会”可知使用一般将来时，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为Having a clear sense of direction will keep you focused and positive. 14．他总是利用任何时间来克服一些具有挑战性的问题。（take advantage of）(汉译英) 【答案】He always takes advantage of any time to rise to some challenging problems. 【详解】考查动词短语。“总是”使用always，“利用”使用动词短语take advantage of，“任何时间”译为any time，“克服一些具有挑战性的问题”使用动词短语rise to some challenging problems，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，句子表示经常发生的事情，使用一般现在时，故翻译为：He always takes advantage of any time to rise to some challenging problems. 15．The city and residents rebuilt it, taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture. (英译汉) 【答案】市政府和居民将它重建，并且特地融入诸多中国建筑元素。 【详解】考查句子结构。本句为主谓宾状句型，主语The city and residents可译为“市政府和居民”，谓语rebuilt意为“重建”，宾语it译为“它”；现在分词短语taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture可译为“并且特地融入诸多中国建筑元素”，作状语。故可翻译为：市政府和居民将它重建，并且特地融入诸多中国建筑元素。 16．He seemed more like a human than a machine. (英译汉) 【答案】他看起来更像一个人而不是一台机器。 【详解】考查动词短语、名词和固定结构。主语He译为“他”，动词短语seemed like译为“看起来像”，表示比较的固定结构more A than B译为“与其说是B不如说是A”，a human译为“一个人”，a machine译为“一台机器”。故可译为：他看起来更像一个人而不是一台机器。 17．Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed! (英译汉) 【答案】虽然我很尴尬，但他的话让我放松了很多！ 【详解】考查时态和从句。本句为although引导的让步状语从句，主从句都为一般过去时，Although I was embarrassed翻译为“虽然我很尴尬”，为主系表结构。his words made me a lot more relaxed!翻译为“但他的话让我放松了很多”为主谓宾宾补结构。故翻译为：虽然我很尴尬，但他的话让我放松了很多！ 一、短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. When I was in my second year of senior high school, a girl 1 (call) Jeanie in my class made a big name for herself. She had successfully passed 2 interviews for a famous women’s university in the USA． 3 hearing the news, I told the girl that I admired her very much. Then, she smiled at me and said the words 4 I will never forget: “You can also do it ! If you have dreams, you should realize them. Without action，dreams are still dreams.”Her words gave me so much 5 (encourage). She encouraged me to take action to realize my dreams. From then on, I spent a lot of time 6 (prepare) an article for a competition. After several days' hard work, I finished it and handed it in. Day in and day out, I kept waiting and waiting, 7 I heard nothing. I was very 8 (disappoint) then. One day, however, a classmate of mine pointed to an English newspaper and said 9 (excite),“Emma，your name is in the newspaper!”My heart beat heavily. With shock and joy, I picked up the newspaper. The thing I thought was 10 (possible) had really happened. 【答案】 1．called 2．the 3．After/On 4．that/which 5．encouragement 6．preparing 7．but 8．disappointed 9．excitedly 10．impossible 【导语】本文是记叙文。作者通过自身故事说明只要多行动、肯努力，梦想一定会变成现实。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我在高中的第二年，我班里一个名叫Jeanie的女孩很出名。girl与call之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 2．考查冠词。句意：她成功地通过了美国一所著名的女子大学的面试。此处特指美国一家著名的女子大学的面试，故用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 3．考查介词。句意：一听到这个消息(听到这个消息后)，我就告诉这个女孩我非常羡慕她。此处表示“一做某事”，使用介词on，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句，也可以用介词after表示“在……之后”，注意首字母大写。故填After / On。 4．考查定语从句。句意：然后，她对我微笑，说了一些我永远不会忘记的话。所填词引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词是words，指物，应用that或which引导，故填that/which。 5．考查名词。句意：她的话给了我如此多的鼓励。空处作give的宾语，前面有so much修饰，故用不可数名词encouragement。故填encouragement。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，我花了很多时间准备比赛的文章。spend...(in) doing sth.“花……做某事”，是固定用法。故填preparing。 7．考查连词。句意：但是，一天又一天，我一直等待，还是没有任何消息。上一句提到作者完成文章并提交，本句表示“我一直等待，还是没有任何消息”，上下文表示转折关系，用连词but，故填but。 8．考查形容词。句意：那时我很失望。主语是I，表语应该用ed结尾的形容词disappointed，修饰人，表示“感到失望的”。故填disappointed。 9．考查副词。句意：然而，有一天，我的一个同学指着一份英语报纸兴奋地说：“Emma，你的名字在报纸上。”修饰动词said，应用副词excitedly，表示“兴奋地”。故填excitedly。 10．考查形容词。句意：我认为不可能的事情真的发生了。所填词作表语，而且由句意，可知此处表示“不可能的”，使用形容词impossible。符合句意。故填impossible。 二、完形填空 When I was 15 years old, I was a straight A student. I was always 11 with a great group of friends, and I would hang out with them every weekend. Then I moved to a new place just before high school, and everything 12 overnight. While trying to 13 my new surroundings, I also started tenth grade. Going to public school in a big city, however, was harder than before. I started 14 not well in class. Although I tried hard, my mind would go 15 the moment I took the exam. All my 16 didn’t pay off, and I failed. As a result, I became 17 and turned to video games. My English teacher noticed I was 18 . He suggested I should go to the after-school classes for the kids who needed help. 19 to get a passing grade, I went. And that was where I met Oliver. 20 , he became my best friend and I was back on 21 . Little by little, my 22 improved. It seemed that reshaping ourselves in a new environment wasn’t that terrible as 23 . As the year progressed, I made many friends and won many awards as well. 24 , I saw that my depression slowly 25 . Having a friend really helped, even more than video games. 11．A．covered B．surrounded C．filled D．greeted 12．A．improved B．finished C．changed D．failed 13．A．adapt to B．escape from C．move in D．react against 14．A．debating B．sleeping C．listening D．performing 15．A．wild B．blank C．silent D．free 16．A．hope B．efforts C．wisdom D．wishes 17．A．addicted B．amazed C．depressed D．interested 18．A．struggling B．cheating C．missing D．recovering 19．A．Proud B．Afraid C．Confident D．Eager 20．A．Completely B．Suddenly C．Gradually D．Unfortunately 21．A．track B．purpose C．business D．duty 22．A．health B．grades C．strength D．skills 23．A．suggested B．planned C．intended D．expected 24．A．Worse still B．Looking back C．To be frank D．Generally speaking 25．A．existed B．balanced C．disappeared D．suffered 【答案】 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者转学后不适应新环境，而导致成绩下降，情绪低落，后因老师的指点参加了课后班，认识了Oliver，再次交到了朋友，使他慢慢回到了正轨，最终适应了新的环境。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我周围总是围绕着一群朋友。A. covered包括；B. surrounded包围，围绕；C. filled充满；D. greeted欢迎。根据句中“I would hang out with them every weekend. (我每个周末都会和他们一起出去玩)”，根据空后的a great group of friends可知，作者当时朋友很多，总是被朋友围绕着（surrounded），故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我在上高中前搬到了一个新地方，然后一夜之间一切都变了。A. improved改善；B. finished完成；C. changed改变；D. failed失败。根据空前Then I moved to a new place just before high school，以及下文“While trying to______ my new surroundings, I also started tenth grade. (当我努力适应新环境时，我也开始了十年级的学习生活。)”可知，搬离熟悉的环境，离开朝夕相处的朋友，来到一个新的环境中，一切都变了，changed符合语境。故选C项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我努力适应新环境时，我也开始了十年级的学习生活。A. adapt to适应；B. escape from逃离；C. move in搬进；D. react against反抗。根据空后my new surroundings及下一句“Going to public school in a big city, however, was harder than before. (然而，在大城市上公立学校比以前更难。)”可知，作者身处新环境，学习比以前更难，所以需要适应（adapt to）。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在课堂上表现很差。A. debating辩论；B. sleeping睡觉；C. listening听；D. performing表现。根据后文“Although I tried hard, my mind would go ______ the moment I took the exam. All my ______ didn’t pay off, and I failed. (尽管我很努力，但一参加考试，我的脑子就一片空白。我所有的努力都没有得到回报。)”可知，作者考试不及格是因为平时上课表现（performing）差，故选D项。   15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我很努力，但一参加考试，我的脑子就一片空白。A. wild野生的；B. blank空白的；C. silent安静的；D. free免费的。根据下文“All my ______ didn’t pay off, and I failed.(我所有的努力都没有得到回报。)”，以及本句中的“Although I tried hard”可知，作者虽然尽力考试，但是依旧不及格，可推测作者考试时大脑空白，此处考查短语go blank意为“一片空白”，故选B项。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所有的努力都没有得到回报。A. hope希望；B. efforts努力；C. wisdom智慧；D. wishes希望。根据“Although I tried hard, my mind would go ______ the moment I took the exam. (尽管我很努力，但一参加考试，我的脑子就一片空白。)”可知，此处想表达努力（efforts）没有得到回报，故选B项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果我很沮丧，开始玩电子游戏。A. addicted上瘾的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据“______ , I saw that my depression slowly ______ . (回顾过去，我发现我的沮丧慢慢消失了。)”可知，depression为复现词，作者的考试不及格，使他很沮丧（depressed），故选C项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的英语老师注意到我正处于挣扎中。A. struggling挣扎；B. cheating欺骗；C. missing想念；D. recovering恢复。根据前文“Although I tried hard, my mind would go ______ the moment I took the exam. All my ______ didn’t pay off, and I failed. As a result, I became______ and turned to video games. (尽管我很努力，但一参加考试，我的脑子就一片空白。我所有的努力都没有得到回报。结果我很沮丧，开始玩电子游戏。)”可知，在新环境中的作者努力了，但是依旧考试不及格，转而沉迷于游戏，作者此时的内心很挣扎，struggling符合语境。故选A项。 19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渴望得到及格分数，我去了。A. Proud骄傲的；B. Afraid害怕的；C. Confident自信的；D. Eager渴望的。根据空后“get a passing grade”可知，作者答应去课后班的目的是渴望（Eager）及格的成绩，故选D项。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他成了我最好的朋友，我回到了正轨。A. Completely完全地；B. Suddenly突然；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“Little by little, my______improved.(我的分数也慢慢地提高了。)”，以及文章最后一句“Having a friend really helped, even more than video games (有个朋友真的很有帮助，甚至比电子游戏更有帮助)”可推测，作者成绩逐渐提高，是得到了Oliver的帮助，在交往中，作者渐渐地（Gradually）与Oliver成为最好的朋友，故选C项。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他成了我最好的朋友，我回到了正轨。A. track轨道；B. purpose目的；C. business商业；D. duty责任。根据后文“Little by little, my______improved. (我的分数也慢慢地提高了。)”可知，作者的情况有了改善，一切慢慢回到正轨, back on track意为“重新步入正确轨道,恢复正常”。故选A项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的分数也慢慢地提高了。A. health健康；B. grades分数；C. strength力量；D. skills技能。根据前文“______to get a passing grade, I went. (渴望得到及格分数，我去了。)”，以及下文“As the year progressed, I made many friends and won many awards as well. (随着时间的流逝，我结交了许多朋友，也获得了许多奖项)”可知，作者能得奖了，说明成绩好了，此处应指“我的分数（grades）也慢慢地提高了”，故选B项。 23．考查动词词词义辨析。句意：在一个新的环境中重塑自己并没有预期的那么糟糕。A. suggested建议；B. planned计划；C. intended打算；D. expected预期。根据第二段中“While trying to______ my new surroundings, I also started tenth grade. Going to public school in a big city, however, was harder than before. (当我努力适应新环境时，我也开始了十年级的学习生活。 然而，在大城市上公立学校比以前更难。)”，及本句中reshaping ourselves in a new environment可知，作者原来预计（expected）在新环境中，自己的学习会遭遇到很大的困难，故选D项。 24．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我发现我的沮丧慢慢消失了。A. Worse still更糟糕的是；B. Looking back回首；C. To be frank坦白说；D. Generally speaking总的来说。根据前文“It seemed that reshaping ourselves in a new environment wasn’t that terrible as______. (在一个新的环境中重塑自己并没有预期的那么糟糕。)”，以及“As the year progressed, I made many friends and won many awards as well. (随着时间的流逝，我结交了许多朋友，也获得了许多奖项)”可知，回首往事，作者感知到这一年的情绪变化，经历了学习方面的进步，Looking back符合语境。故选B项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我发现我的沮丧慢慢消失了。A. existed存在；B. balanced平衡；C. disappeared消失；D. suffered遭受。根据前文“It seemed that reshaping ourselves in a new environment wasn’t that terrible as______. (在一个新的环境中重塑自己并没有预期的那么糟糕。)”，“As the year progressed, I made many friends and won many awards as well. (随着时间的流逝，我结交了许多朋友，也获得了许多奖项)”可知，这一年的情况有了改善与进步，所以可推测作者的沮丧慢慢消失了（disappeared），故选C项。 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$