利用主旨“拿捏”高考阅读理解 课件-2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

利用主旨 “拿捏” 高考阅读理解 “踏破铁鞋无觅处” 2022 2023 2024 2025 1 课前预习 复习：如何找到文章主旨？（文章第几段？题干？） 完成：2022-2024年精选阅读理解题，并对答案。 2 2022-2024年精选阅读理解题 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” ...“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 1．Why did BART start the kiosk program? A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use. C．To meet passengers’ needs. D．To reduce its running costs. 2．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? 3．What has Trost been doing recently? 4．What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline. C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase. 3 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. ... Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. ... Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. ... BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. ... 5．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 7．What can be concluded about BMF employees? 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management. C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards. 4 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. ...Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 17．How do Americans look at grizzlies? A．They cause mixed feelings in people.B．They should be kept in national parks. C．They are of high scientific value. D．They are a symbol of American culture. 18．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? 19．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? 20．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Food should be provided for grizzlies. B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C．A special path should be built for grizzlies. D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 5 （2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 6 21．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A．By following instructions. B．By using a tool. C．By turning the box around. D．By removing the lid. 22．Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A．Using a key to unlock a door. B．Telling parrots from other birds. C．Putting a ball into a round hole. D．Grouping toys of different shapes. 23．What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? 24．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D．Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters 7 合作探究 小组合作：参照答案，针对每篇文章的问题的题干和正确答案，找出其与文章主旨的联系并概括。 8 提问例子的作用 推理判断 情感态度 概括提炼 即提问论据的作用，也就是“论证论点”；往往出现在例子的前面一句话，或这个段落的第一句话；且与文章主旨有关。 作者对主旨的情感态度： 好 主旨的发展前景： 好 标题党/复述大意 主旨大意 即“如何寻找主旨大意” “立德树人” 积极正向的价值观和人生观 9 2022年 2023年 2024年 实践探究 10 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 高考直通车 11 13．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner. C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher. 14．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A．To compare Weiner with them. B．To give examples of great works. C．To praise their writing skills. D．To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 15．What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A．Its views on history are well-presented. B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C．It includes comments from readers. D．It leaves an open ending. 16．What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A．Objective and plain. B．Daring and ambitious. C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Humorous and straightforward. 观察与预测 12 （5月联考B篇）Terns (燕鸥) chirping and wolves howling are among a pionering composition that integrates sounds fom nature with traditional instruments. Bird songs and animal calls will interact with orchestral music on an album by Stewart Copeland. Wild Concerto, released on 18 April, is a "cooperation between nature and music". A croaking frog, a blackfooted albatross (信天翁), and a red deer will "perform" with Copeland, alongside 70 musicians from the Kingdom Orchestra. ... Wild Concerto is inspired by the artemis mirtio from poet e.p. cummings, one that respects the spiritual side of nature. ... He hopes the album will raise people's awareness of creatures whose sounds cannot be clearly captured due to noise pollution: "Two-thirds of the species in my library are now basically extinct. Twenty-five or thirty years ago, when I wanted to record one hour of primitive sound, it took about three or four hours to do that with minimal editing, compared to 2,000 recording hours today, because there are so many man-made sounds in the environment..." 24. What is the feature of the album Wild Concerto? 25. What does the underlined word "manipulated" in paragraph 2 mean? 26. What do we know about Copeland? 27. What does the author think of Copeland's efforts? A. Time-consuming and fruitless. B. Notable and remarkable. C. Unproductive and innovative. D. Meaningless and conventional. 旧题新做 13 （5月联考C篇）Dancing lowers the depression associated with Parkinson's disease, and the benefits can be seen in multiple ways, a new study shows. "It was very cool to see dance had a positive effect on the mood circuits in the brain, which we could see in the imaging from MRI brain scans," says Joseph DeSouza, author of the study. ... The researchers found that after each dance class, reported depression rates dropped, and the effect was increasing from class to class, with significant improvements after 8 months. "We showed that SCG's BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal decreases while dancing, which means the SCG was not functioning as fast as it would if you had depression," says DeSouza. "Parkinson's disease is often accompanied by depression long before motor symptoms appear." Dance is thought to have a double benefit, with music activating the brain's reward centers, and the movement acting on sensory and motor circuits. DeSouza, dancing with participants for 14 years, says that while dancing is not a treatment for Parkinson's disease by itself, the benefits are clear. "We're not trying to cure it with dance," he says. "What we're trying to do is to have people live a better quality of life. This goes for both the patients, and their families that take care of them." 28. What do we know about the results of the two detection methods? 29. How did the researchers conduct the study? 30. What did the researchers find about the SCG? A. It is in charge of motor system. B. It can be measured by the GDS. C. Dancing slows down its functioning. D. Depression weakens its BOLD signal. 31. What is the best title of the text? A. Dancing Away Parkinson's Blues B. Dancing: Multiple Benefits To Be Seen C. Dancing With Your Mood Circuits D. Dancing: A Journey To Mental Well-being 思考其与主旨的关系 14 （5月联考D 篇)Old buildings tend to be regarded as throwaways and suitable for being torn down. Most people have not fully realized the "green values" that are linked with the upkeep of existing buildings. Actually, keeping and making use of old architectures is one of the most environmentally-sound things we can do-more than the construction of any new structures that claim to be "green". Aged communities, which have developed and changed organically over an extended period, possess unique cultures of their own. The buildings within them are irreplaceable to their environment. Opting not to sustain such architectures essentially is like sentencing a special community to disappearance. Building "green" can be about preserving time-honored local building traditions that respect regional cultures, rather than just using the latest and greatest technologies. The building materials and craftsmanship (工艺) are also entitled to respect, not simply due to the environmental cost of the extraction (开采), transportation and production of them, but on account of the reality that some of such materials and the craftsmanship related will no longer exist. My little river cottage in West Virginia, which is constructed with chestnut sourced from the period prior to the die-off of the chestnut trees, is such that the material in question may never again be obtained. However, the prospective purchaser planned to tear it down, which, in my view, is not only a mark of disrespect for the material but also goes against the concept of sustainable development. As the Preservation Green Lab report demonstrates, it takes 10 to 80 years for a new building that is 30 percent more efficient than an average-performing existing building to overcome the negative climate change consequences linked to the construction, which emphasizes the necessity of ongoing utilization (使用) of pre-existing buildings and communities, effectively preventing or minimizing the utilization of forests, farms, wildlife habitats, and open areas for novel construction undertakings. As Carl Elefante of Quim-Evans Architects brilliantly said, "The greenest building is one that is already built." Hopefully, the public will come to a uniform opinion that buildings currently existing are worthy of more care and attention. 15 32. How do most people deal with old buildings? 33. Why does the author mention his little river cottage in Paragraph 3? A. To explain the complexity of building houses. B. To demonstrate the necessity of building materials. C. To display the attachment to the old constructions. D. To highlight the virtue of keeping old constructions. 34. What do the data in Paragraph 4 imply about old buildings? A. They are more efficient than the new buildings. B. They can help avoid more environmental pollution. C. They can clear away the bad effects on farms nearby. D. They consumed less energy in the construction process. 思考“具体例子”的作用 16 找到正确答案 50%备选中选择正答 确认全文的走向，树立正确、积极的社会观、人生观 总结归纳 主旨的作用 17 正确答案具有哪些特征？ 总结归纳阅读理解的几项做题原则。 课后探究 18 Thank you! 19 $$