【复习进阶】专题03 非谓语动词“破译密码”-【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）
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| 学段 | 高中 |
|---|---|
| 学科 | 英语 |
| 教材版本 | - |
| 年级 | 高二 |
| 章节 | - |
| 类型 | 教案-讲义 |
| 知识点 | 非谓语动词 |
| 使用场景 | 寒暑假-暑假 |
| 学年 | 2025-2026 |
| 地区（省份） | 全国 |
| 地区（市） | - |
| 地区（区县） | - |
| 文件格式 | ZIP |
| 文件大小 | 2.06 MB |
| 发布时间 | 2025-05-27 |
| 更新时间 | 2025-05-27 |
| 作者 | 提分君英语工作坊 |
| 品牌系列 | 上好课·暑假轻松学 |
| 审核时间 | 2025-05-27 |
| 下载链接 | https://m.zxxk.com/soft/52317593.html |
| 价格 | 3.00储值（1储值=1元） |
| 来源 | 学科网 |
内容正文：
复习进阶 专题03 非谓语动词“破译密码”
内容导航
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
高考考点聚焦
(
考点一
非谓语动词作主语
)
（一）动名词作主语
基本用法：动名词作主语表示抽象的、一般性的行为或经验，谓语动词用单数形式 。
Collecting stamps from different countries has been his hobby for years.
多年来，收集不同国家的邮票一直是他的爱好。
名师点津：动名词短语 “Collecting stamps from different countries” 作主语，谓语动词 “has been” 用单数
动名词作主语固定句型
1. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。It is no use/good doing….
It is a waste of time doing….
It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
2.用于There is no doing…固定句型。
There is no denying that the Internet has brought great convenience to our lives.（不可否认的是，互联网给我们的生活带来了巨大的便利。）
There is no denying that hard work is the key to success.（不可否认，努力是成功的关键。）
（二）动词不定式作主语
基本用法：动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的行为，或尚未发生的动作，谓语动词同样用单数 。
例句：To learn a foreign language well takes a lot of time and effort.（学好一门外语需要花费大量的时间和精力。
名师点津：
动词不定式短语 “To learn a foreign language well” 作主语，“takes” 为单数谓语）
形式主语 it：当动词不定式作主语较长时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语后置，构成 “It + be + adj./n. + to do sth.” 句型 。
例句：It is important to protect the environment for future generations.（为子孙后代保护环境很重要。“it” 是形式主语，“to protect the environment for future generations” 是真正主语）
（三）动名词与动词不定式作主语的区别
动名词作主语侧重抽象、习惯；动词不定式作主语侧重具体、某次行为。
Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼，抽象概念）；
To swim in this river this afternoon will be great fun.（今天下午在这条河里游泳会很有趣，具体某次行为）
(
口诀助记
非谓做主两兄弟，动名不定各有戏。
动名抽象常习惯，不定具体某一次。
遇到长句不用急，it 来帮忙把位替。
no use/good/useless 后，动名词跟莫迟疑。
)
易错点分析
主谓不一致：单个的非谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
易错示例：✘ Playing basketball and listening to music are my favorite hobby.
（应将 “are” 改为 “is”，因为 “Playing basketball and listening to music” 看作一个整体）
动名词与不定式作主语含义混淆：在语境中错误选择动名词或不定式作主语。
易错示例：✘ Smoking is not allowed here. To smoke is harmful to your health.
（前句用动名词表示抽象概念正确，后句也应保持一致用 “Smoking”，强调抽烟有害健康这个抽象概念）
形式主语使用不当：该用 it 作形式主语时未使用，导致句子结构头重脚轻。
易错示例：✘ To finish all the homework before dinner in such a short time seems impossible for me.
（应改为 “It seems impossible for me to finish all the homework before dinner in such a short time.”）
1．（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期末）It is no use (try) to play erhu if you are not going to give it your best shot.
2．（22-23高一下·江苏镇江·期末）In a society where (be) thin is often seen as a kind of beauty, teenagers sometimes go to extremes in order to slim down quickly.
· 思路点拨：
1. 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：如果你不打算发挥出最好的水平，那么演奏二胡是没有用的。it is no use doing sth. (做某事是没有用的)，动名词作主语。it做形式主语。故填trying。
2. 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：在一个通常被视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端措施迅速减肥。分析句子结构，where引导定语从句，此处作从句主语应用动名词短语作主语，being thin变瘦，符合题意。故填being。
· 答案1. trying 2. being
(
考点二
非谓语动词作宾语
)
（1） 动名词作宾语
常常跟动名词做宾语的动词
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅；
admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想；
avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练；
deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏；
forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险；
can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡；
She admitted making a mistake in the math exam.（她承认在数学考试中犯了一个错误）
We should practice speaking English every day to improve our oral skills.（我们应该每天练习说英语来提高口语技能）
介词后接动名词：在一些固定搭配或短语中，介词后面的动词要用动名词形式 。
He is good at playing the guitar.（他擅长弹吉他，“at” 为介词，后接动名词 “playing”）
They are looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.（他们期待着参观长城，“to” 在这里是介词，不是动词不定式符号）
动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。
be used to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； spend...(in) doing sth.； There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.; have a good/wonderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等动词词组也要接动名词作宾语。
（二）动词不定式作宾语
常常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
希望学会想决心
hope/wish/expect, learn, want, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装
manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划
offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙
ask/beg, agree , help
She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.他闭上眼睛，假装睡着了。
名师点津：
有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如，discover, explain, wonder等。
I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples.我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。
He has no choice but to leave.他除了离开别无选择。
“疑问词 + 动词不定式” 作宾语：
在某些动词（如 know, show, tell, ask, find out 等）后，可以用 “疑问词（what, how, when, where, which 等）+ 动词不定式” 结构作宾语 。
I don't know how to solve this problem.（我不知道如何解决这个问题）
Can you tell me where to buy this book?（你能告诉我在哪里可以买到这本书吗？）
（三）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语的动词
意义基本相同：如 begin, start, continue 等，接动名词和动词不定式作宾语时，意义差别不大 。
It began to rain/raining when we were on our way home.（我们回家的路上开始下雨了）
意义不同：
be used to do被用来做
be used to doing习惯于；适应于；
forget to do sth 忘记去做某事；
forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事；
remember to do sth记住去做某事；
remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事；
regret to do sth遗憾去做某事；
regret doing sth后悔做过某事；
stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事；
stop doing sth停止做一件事；
try to do sth努力/试图做某事；
try doing sth尝试着做某事；
mean to do sth已与/企图做某事；
mean doing sth意味着做某事；
go on to do sth（做完某事）接着做另一件事；go on doing sth继续做同一件事；
can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事；
can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事；
(
非谓作宾口诀
非谓作宾有规律，两种形式要牢记。
动名专属要背熟，介词之后动名续。
只能不定也不少，“疑问词 + 不定” 可入句。
有些动词两均可，意义相同或相异。
记忘后悔停与试，不同搭配细分析。
)
1.（23-24高一上·广东东莞·期末）My aunt attempted (promote) her book by sharing it with friends and family.
2.（23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）The pouring rain that night made it hard for witnesses (identify) the murderer.
（24-25高一上·江苏南通·期末）After (bite) by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent to the hospital by her friends immediately.
4.．（22-23高一上·吉林延边·期末）UNESO runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from (disappear).
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作宾语。
1. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：我姑姑试图通过与朋友和家人分享来宣传她的书。 固定搭配：attempt to do sth.试图做某事，不定式作宾语。根据句意，故填to promote。
2. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：那天晚上的倾盆大雨使目击者很难辨认出凶手。根据“made it hard for witnesses”可推知，此处用固定结构“make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，意为“使某人做某事……”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，空处应用identify的不定式形式。故填to identify。
3. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：苏珊被灌木丛中的蛇咬伤后，立即被朋友送到医院。分析句子可知，“After”为介词，空格处应用动名词作宾语，“Susan”和“bite”为被动关系，故应用动名词的被动语态“being done”，“bite”的过去分词为“bitten”，故空格处应用“being bitten”。故填being bitten。
4. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：联合国教科文组织开展了一个项目，防止世界各地的世界文化遗产消失。短语prevent sb./sth. from doing意为“防止某人/某物做某事”，空处应用disappear“消失”的动名词形式，作from的宾语。故填disappearing。
· 答案1. to promote 2. to identify 3. being bitten 4. disappearing
(
考点
三三
非谓语动词作状语
)
（1） 分词作状语
分词作状语主动用现在分词（Ving 形式），强调被动用过去分词
时间状语
分词结构相当于时间状语从句
（现在分词）：Hearing the good news, she jumped with joy.
（=When she heard the good news, she jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，她高兴得跳了起来）
（过去分词）：Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.（=When the earth is seen from the space, it looks like a blue ball. 从太空看，地球像一个蓝色的球体）
原因状语
说明主句动作发生的原因
（现在分词）：Being ill, he didn't go to school.
（=Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. 因为生病了，他没去上学）
（过去分词）：Surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say.
（=As they were surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say. 他们对这个结果感到惊讶，不知道说什么好）
条件状语
表示假设条件，类似条件状语从句。
（现在分词）：Working hard, you will succeed.
（=If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功）
（过去分词）：Given more time, we could have finished the work.
（=If we had been given more time, we could have finished the work. 如果给我们更多时间，我们本可以完成这项工作）
结果状语
分词结构表示意料之中的结果。
（现在分词）：The heavy rain lasted a week, causing great damage to the crops.（大雨持续了一周，给庄稼造成了巨大损失）
伴随状语
分词结构伴随主句动作同时发生。
（现在分词）：He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.（他坐在椅子上，看报纸）
（过去分词）：The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.（老师站在那里，被学生们围着）
（二）动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语
作目的状语
不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。
To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind.
要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。
作结果状语
a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。
I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。
She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.
她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.
这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
作原因状语
不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。
They were surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。
She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.
得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难懂。
The picture is pleasant to look at.
这张画很好看。
作独立成分
下列结构常用作独立成分：
to tell the truth说实话； to be honest诚实地说； to put it briefly前言之；
to be frank坦白地说； to begin/start with首先； to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是；
to put it in a nutshell简而言之
（二）独立主格结构
独立主格结构指带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。它在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系。其作用相当于状语从句。有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。
独立主格结构的构成
名词/代词+形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
名词/代词+现在分词
Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
名词/代词+过去分词
More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
名词/代词（主格）+不定式
Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s
俩个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
名词/代词+副词
Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking.午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
名词/代词+名词
He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
with 复合结构
构成：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
With you to help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
名师点津：
从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
(
非谓作
状
口诀
非谓作状有五类，时因条果与伴随。
主动现分被动过，逻辑主语要认准。
主不一致莫着急，独立主格来救急。
)
易错点分析
1. 逻辑主语错误：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，否则句子错误。
易错示例：✘ Looking out of the window, the garden was beautiful.
（“looking” 的逻辑主语应该是人，而不是 “the garden”，应改为 Looking out of the window, I saw a beautiful garden.）
2. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。
易错示例：✘ Given more time, and we can finish the work.
（应去掉 “and”，“Given more time” 是过去分词短语作条件状语，与句子主语 “we” 构成被动关系；加上 “and” 后就变成了并列句，语法错误）
3. 独立主格结构使用不当：需要使用独立主格结构时，却未使用，造成句子逻辑混乱。
易错示例：✘ After finishing my homework, my mother allowed me to watch TV.
（“finishing” 的逻辑主语应该是 “我”，而不是 “my mother”，应改为 After I finished my homework, my mother allowed me to watch TV. 或者使用独立主格结构 My homework finished, my mother allowed me to watch TV.）
1. （23-24高一下·江苏盐城·期末）The tunes are easy (sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.
2. （23-24高一下·河南信阳·阶段练习）The railway integrates (融合) the entire process’ design, construction and operation, (result) in an all-round “3D digital Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway”.
3. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末） (give) one more time, Mr Keating is willing to inspire students’ talents and potentials.
4. （23-24高一下·重庆·期末） (absorb) in painting, the children didn’t notice evening approaching.
5. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末） I studied all night, only (discover) in the morning that I had forgotten that the exam was delayed. (
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作状语。
1.考查不定式。句意：曲调很容易唱，歌词往往会让你陷入深思。sth. be easy to do是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，因此空格处用不定式to sing，是不定式的主动表被动，故填to sing。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该铁路集设计、施工、运营全流程于一体，是一条全方位的“3D数字化福厦高铁”。本句已有谓语动词integrates，设空处应作非谓语， result和其逻辑主语（The railway integrates (融合) the entire process’ design, construction and operation）之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填 resulting。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：再给一次机会，基汀老师愿意激发学生的才能和潜力。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，give“给予”和Mr Keating逻辑上是被动关系，应用give的过去分词形式，作条件状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Given。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们全神贯注地画画，没有注意到夜晚即将来临。设空处用作句子的状语，动词absorb和主语the children之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，表示的意思是“全神贯注于”。位于句首首字母大写。故填Absorbed。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意：我学习了一整夜，结果早上才发现我忘了考试推迟了。根据“I studied all night”和“in the morning that I had forgotten that the exam was delayed”可知，此处应用only to do表示意料之外的结果。动词discover意为“发现”。故填to discover。
· 答案1. to sing 2.resulting 3. Given 4. Absorbed 5. to discover
(
考点
四
非谓语动词作补语
)
（一）现在分词作补语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作补语时，强调动作正在进行或主动关系。
现在分词作补语
感官动词
常用于感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel 等）后 。
I saw her dancing in the room.（我看见她正在房间里跳舞，“dancing” 表示 “她” 正在进行的动作，且 “她” 与 “跳舞” 是主动关系）
使役动词
常用于使役动词（have, keep, leave 等）后 。
Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（刷牙时不要让水一直流着，“running” 体现水持续流动的状态，“水” 与 “流” 是主动关系）
固定搭配
catch sb. doing sth.（撞见某人正在做某事）”“find sb. doing sth.（发现某人正在做某事）” 。
The teacher caught the boy cheating in the exam.（老师发现那个男孩考试作弊）
（二）过去分词作补语
基本用法：过去分词作补语表示被动或完成的意义，常用于感官动词、使役动词（如 have, get, make 等）以及 “with + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构中 。
过去分词作补语
感官动词
常用于感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel 等）后 。
When I entered the room, I found the window broken.（我进入房间时，发现窗户破了，“broken” 表明窗户是被打破的，存在被动关系）
使役动词
常用于使役动词（have, keep, leave 等）后 。
I want to have my hair cut tomorrow.（我明天想剪头发，“hair” 与 “cut” 是被动关系）
with + 宾语 + 过去分词
With the work done, we went home happily.（工作完成了，我们开心地回家了，“work” 和 “done” 是被动完成关系）
（三）动词不定式作补语
动词不定式作补语
带 to 的不定式作补语
在一些动词（如 ask, tell, want, allow, encourage, advise 等）后，用带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，表示让某人去做某事 。
例句：My parents often encourage me to study hard.（我父母经常鼓励我努力学习，“me” 是宾语，“to study hard” 是宾语补足语）
不带 to 的不定式作补语
在使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等）后，不定式作宾补时要省略 to ，但在被动语态中，to 要还原 。
（主动语态）：The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
（老板让工人们每天工作 12 小时，省略 to）
（被动语态）：The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.
（工人们被老板要求每天工作 12 小时，to 还原）
(
非谓语作补语口诀
非谓作补三兄弟，现分过分不定式。
现分主动正进行，感官使役常见形。
过分被动已完成，多种结构都可行。
不定补语分两种，to 带 to 无要看清。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 to 还原。
)
易错点分析
1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断宾语与非谓语动词之间的主动或被动关系，导致误用。
易错示例：✘ I heard my name calling.（“name” 和 “call” 是被动关系，应改为 I heard my name called.）
2. 不定式 to 的误用：在该省略 to 或该带 to 的情况下用错。
易错示例：✘ The teacher let him to answer the question.（“let” 后接不带 to 的不定式，应改为 The teacher let him answer the question.）
易错示例：✘ He was seen go into the room.（被动语态中感官动词后的 to 要还原，应改为 He was seen to go into the room.）
3. 补语逻辑关系错误：非谓语动词作补语时，没有保证其与宾语在逻辑上合理搭配。
易错示例：✘ I found him to be reading a book.
（“find sb. doing sth.” 是固定用法，应改为 I found him reading a book.）
1.（23-24高一下·江苏·期末）Michael noticed the little boy spinning the basketball around to keep himself (entertain).
2. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）Finally, drug users find themselves (trap) in a prison form which they can’t escape.
3. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）The dragon is about 70 meters long and weighs more than 200 pounds, with its body (wrap) with pearl grass.
4. （22-23高一下·重庆·期末）This experiment enabled scientists (prove) that despite their poorly developed small eyes, bats still can see during the day.
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作补语。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔注意到这个小男孩为了自娱自乐而旋转着篮球。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，逻辑主语himself与entertain构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填entertained。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，吸毒者发现自己被困在牢笼中，无法逃脱。本句谓语为find，此处为非谓语动词，且themselves与trap“卡住，使陷入困境”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语themselves的补足语。故填trapped。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：这条龙大约 70 米长，200 多磅重，它的身体被珍珠草包裹着。此处使用了“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，its body和wrap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故填wrapped。。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项实验使科学家们能够证明，尽管蝙蝠的小眼睛发育不良，但它们在白天仍然可以看到东西。enable sb to do sth是固定句型，动词不定式作宾补。故填to prove。
5.
· 答案1. entertained 2. trapped 3. wrapped 4. to prove
(
考点
五
非谓语动词作定语
)
（一）现在分词作定语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作，单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语则置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句 。
单个现在分词：The running boy is my brother.
（正在奔跑的男孩是我的弟弟，“running” 表示主动且正在进行的动作）
现在分词短语：The girl standing under the tree is my classmate.
（=The girl who is standing under the tree is my classmate. 站在树下的女孩是我的同学）
特殊情况：有些现在分词作定语不表示正在进行，而是表示事物的性质或特点，如 “an exciting story（一个令人兴奋的故事）”“a tiring journey（一次累人的旅程）” 。
（二）过去分词作定语
基本用法：过去分词作定语表示被动或完成的动作，单个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词前，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词后，同样可转换为定语从句 。
单个过去分词：The broken window needs to be repaired.（破碎的窗户需要修理，“broken” 表示被动和完成）
过去分词短语：The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.（=The book which was written by Lu Xun is very popular. 鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎）
形容词化的过去分词：像 “interested（感兴趣的）”“surprised（惊讶的）”“frightened（害怕的）” 等，在句中作定语时主要起描述性质的作用 ，如 “an interested look（一个感兴趣的表情）”。
（三）动词不定式作定语
基本用法：动词不定式作定语通常表示将来的动作，且与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系 。
动宾关系：I have a lot of homework to do.（“do” 和 “homework” 是动宾关系，我有很多作业要做）
主谓关系：She is always the first to come and the last to leave.（“come” 和 “leave” 与 “she” 是主谓关系，她总是第一个来，最后一个走）
同位关系：He made a plan to study abroad.（“to study abroad” 是 “plan” 的同位语，他制定了一个出国留学的计划）
(
非谓语作定语口诀
非谓定语有三种，现分过分不定式。
现分主动正进行，有时也把性质呈。
过分被动已完成，部分形化要记清。
不定将来动宾连，特殊情况心中明。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 to 还原。
)特殊结构：当被修饰词是序数词、最高级或被 the only, the very 等修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语 ，如 “He is the best man to do the job.（他是做这项工作的最佳人选）”。
易错点分析
1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与被修饰词之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。
易错示例：✘ The boy written a letter is my cousin.
（“boy” 和 “write” 是主动关系，应改为 The boy writing a letter is my cousin.）
2. 动词不定式逻辑关系判断错误：在分析动词不定式作定语时，未能准确判断其与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，导致理解错误。
易错示例：✘ I need a pen to write.
（“write” 和 “pen” 是动宾关系，应改为 I need a pen to write with. 这里 “with” 不能省略）
3. 定语位置错误：不清楚单个分词和分词短语作定语的位置规则，将位置放错。
易错示例：✘ The girl is my sister standing under the tree.
（应改为 The girl standing under the tree is my sister. 现在分词短语作定语要后置）
1.（23-24高一下·山东淄博·期末）China’s National Highway 318, (stretch) over 5,000 kilometres, runs from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang.
2.（22-23高一下·广东惠州·期末）Their work made it possible to double the number of visitors (permit) inside.
3.（23-24高一下·福建三明·期中）Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm?
4．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末）When I was in Xi’an, I went to visit an ancient temple (date) back to the Han Dynasty.
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查可数名词复数形式的变化规则以及不可数名词的形式。
1.考查非谓语动词，句意：中国318国道绵延5000多公里，从上海到西藏樟木。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是runs，空处应用非谓语动词。动词stretch与其逻辑主语China’s National Highway 318之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填stretching。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的工作使允许参观的人数增加了一倍。此处permit与visitors构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填permitted。
3.考查非谓语。句意：这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护邻居免受伤害吗？名词responsibility后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to keep。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我在西安的时候，我去参观了一座可以追溯到汉代的古庙。“(date) back to the Han Dynasty”作后置定语，动词短语date back to(追溯到)没有被动语态和进行时态，在句中通常用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。
· 答案1. stretching 2. permitted 3. to keep 4.dating
(
考点
六
非谓语动词作表语
)
（一）现在分词作表语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作表语，用于说明主语的性质、特征或具有的特点，通常具有 “令人……” 的含义，主语多为事物 。
The movie we watched last night was really exciting.（我们昨晚看的电影非常令人兴奋，“exciting” 描述电影让人产生兴奋的感觉）
The story he told is very interesting.
（他讲的故事很有趣，“interesting” 体现故事本身具备有趣的特质）
常见词汇：常见的作表语的现在分词有 amusing（有趣的）、boring（无聊的）、charming（迷人的）、disappointing（令人失望的）、frightening（可怕的）等 。
（二）过去分词作表语
基本用法：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态或感受，常具有 “感到……” 的意思，主语多为人 。
After a long day's work, I felt exhausted.（经过一天的长时间工作，我感到筋疲力尽，“exhausted” 描述 “我” 的感受和状态）
She was surprised at the unexpected news.（她对这个意外的消息感到惊讶，“surprised” 体现主语的情绪状态）
名师点津：
部分过去分词作表语时，已转化为形容词，可用于修饰名词 ，如 “an interested look（一个感兴趣的表情）”“a worried expression（一个担忧的表情）” 。
（三）动词不定式作表语
基本用法：动词不定式作表语，一般表示主语的具体内容、目的或将来的动作 。
例句：My dream is to become a famous doctor in the future.（我的梦想是将来成为一名著名的医生，“to become a famous doctor” 是 “dream” 的具体内容）
The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the plan for next semester.（这次会议的目的是讨论下学期的计划，“to discuss the plan for next semester” 说明会议的目的）
名师点津：
当主语是 “one's wish, plan, duty, job, idea, goal” 等表示计划、想法、职责类的名词时，常用动词不定式作表语 。
(
非谓语作表语口诀
非谓作表有三种，现分过分不定式。
现分表性 “令人感”，事物为主常相伴。
过分表状 “人感受”，描述情绪心体验。
不定表内或目的，未来动作也常见。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 to 还原。
)
易错点分析
1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确区分现在分词和过去分词作表语时的不同含义，导致误用。
易错示例：✘ I am very exciting about the trip.
（“exciting” 用于描述事物，此处应表示 “我” 的感受，改为 I am very excited about the trip.）
2. 动词不定式逻辑关系混乱：在使用动词不定式作表语时，未能准确把握其与主语之间的逻辑联系，导致句子表意不清。
易错示例：✘ His plan is study hard next term.
（应改为 His plan is to study hard next term. “to study hard” 是 “plan” 的具体内容，不能缺少 “to” ）
3. 忽略主表搭配合理性：选择非谓语动词作表语时，没有考虑主语和表语在语义和逻辑上是否匹配。
易错示例：✘ The noise is to feel annoyed.
（逻辑不通，可改为 The noise is annoying. 用现在分词 “annoying” 描述噪音令人烦躁的性质 ）
1.（23-24高一上·福建莆田·期末）Her next goal is (start) a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
2.（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Still, practical problems remain (solve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots.
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作表语。
1.考查非谓语。句意：她的下一个目标是创办一个慈善网站，为贫困国家的儿童筹集资金。由next goal 以及句意可知，此空应填不定式作表语。故填to start。
2.考查不定式和被动语态。句意：尽管如此，实际问题仍有待解决，比如确保出行安全，因为许多出租车将在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。remain是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，由“such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots”可知，句子表示“实际问题仍有待解决”，空格处用不定式表将来，且问题是被解决，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be solved。故填to be solved。
· 答案1. to start 2. to be solved 3. B
1．The (license) process involves legal contracts between parties.
2． Schools play a role in (socialize) children.
3．Without an umbrella, she found herself (catch) in the rain.
4．With the story (fold), readers are definitely satisfied with the happy ending.
5．We need to establish a committee of experts to preserve the cultural heritage and prevent it from (harm).
6．It is an annual custom in the town (decorate) the streets with colorful lights.
7．The committee (establish) last year holds a meeting every month.
8．My teacher recommended (read) the book before seeing the movie.
9．It was impossible for the little boy (carry) such a heavy box.
10．Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices (hear) in the world.
11．The first medieval universities are generally- considered (establish) in Italy, France and England in the late 11th and 12th centuries.
12．People using mobile phones outdoors during storms are more likely to suffer internal injuries if (strike) by lightning.
13．The spirit of Jimmy fighting with the robber is worthy (praise).
14．There is no doubt that (expose) to too much radiation poses a threat to health.
15．Mary is sitting on a park bench, (bury) in her book.
16．I read the letter she handed me with my head (lower), so that she wouldn’t see the tears rolling down my cheeks.
17．Spielberg is such a famous director that we’re all looking forward to (see) his new films.
18．Though the job was very difficult, he still managed (finish) it.
19．Teenagers (bring) up in the countryside seem to be more independent than those living in cities.
20．He is said (quit) his job as an office boy in Athens before he went to Brazil.
21．Weather (permit), we will play tennis this Saturday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22． (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy got a chance to become famous.
23．Deeply (affect) by the film, they couldn’t hold back their tears.
24．Wood gives off much smoke while (burn).
【答案】burning
25．It occurred to me (attend) an important meeting when I was about to go home.
26．She stood there with her arms (fold ), looking very angry.
27．Greenhouse gases are said (be) the main cause of global warming.
28．The director, (impress) by his performance, decided to have a talk with him.
29．Tom found an ATM and put his bank card in, only (tell) that the card was out of service.
30．Facing import and export costs, the company is looking for ways (survive).
31． (hear) that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Johnson hurried to the hospital.
32．I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not (want) to be heard.
33． Listen! I’m sure you can hear the birds (sing) in the garden right now.
34．At present, these animals are well protected from (hunt).
35． (locate) in the south of China, Guangdong Province has a long history.
。
36．Luofu Mountain appears like a fairyland, (make) a beautiful scene.
37．During the operation, she sat in the (wait) room for over an hour worrying about him.
38．The athlete is said (commit) a great deal of time and effort to training, which has resulted in her excellent performance in the competition.
39．In “The Million Pound Bank Note”, the main character was given a million-pound bank note unexpectedly, (result) in his significant life changes.
40． (observe)the monkeys’ behaviors, the scientists followed them into the forest at the same time.
真题感知
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
5.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45and____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
6.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware).
7.【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
8.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
9.【2024浙江1月卷】The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
10.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
11.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.... ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
12.【2023年全国乙卷】 She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use.
13.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
14.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
15.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
16.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
17.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
18.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
19.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
20.【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
21.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
22【2023年浙江1月卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
23.【2023年北京卷】When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
24.【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
提升专练
1． (face) with dangers, we must keep calm.
2． (compare) the two proposals, we found the latter is more practical.
3． (equip) with advanced knowledge, we can struggle against nature.
4． (overcome) by great interest, the boy looked out of the window.
5． (devote) to his family life, he has always been a good husband and father.
6．I must ask you to (company) me to the police station.
7．Rooms (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.
8．She gave me a book with instructions (help) me learn the language.
9．Over time, this could make the shark a danger to people (live) in the area.
10．While the doctor concentrates on (examine) Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick.
11． (judge) from the evidence presented, it appears that the accused is not guilty.
12．The (frighten) boy left the room without saying a word.
13．They had no alternative but (put) the meeting off.
14．All things (consider), the planned trip will have to be put off.
15．Japanese government describes the water to be released “treated” and not “radioactive”.
16．Astronaut farmers must ensure that the plants growing in such artificial conditions are safe to consume have no side effects and are pleasant (eat).
17．Products and activities (feature) traditional elements combined with modern designs which are called the “new Chinese style”, are becoming increasingly popular.
18．Cultural expectations may also be (blame)—girls may be more likely to catch maths anxiety, perhaps because of stereotypes (刻板印象)that giris are naturally not very good at maths. 19． (judge) from my experience, a proper balance is not easy to achieve.
20．It is known for its long history (date) back 100 years. (
21．Locally (know) as “mosquito writing” , Nushu looks like dancing Chinese characters at first glance.
22．They were fully entitled to ask him tough questions, (give) that he was a rule maker. 23．With the College Entrance Examination (approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted into key universities.
24．The library is now a multimedia zone, (load) with information in many formats.
25． (inspire) by my headteacher, I am determined to stick to my dream until I achieve it.
26．With numerous places of interest, Beijing is a city (leave) a lasting impression on its visitors.
27．The terrible earthquake struck Chile in 1960, (claim) 1,000 plus lives.
28．The movie (shoot) by a famous director last year has gained incredible popularity.
29．This soldier became the only one (escape) from the enemy.
30．The house (hide) from sight behind some trees, was our destination.
31．The school organized a field trip, with all the expenses (sponsor) by a company. 32．He had his leg (break) while restoring the roof, which made everyone worried about him.
33．She walked through the garden, (shoot) a video of the beautiful blooms.
34．The castle is located close to the sea, (surround) by tropical mountain forests. 35．Mr. Green is believed (do) an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
36．Some of the schools in Shanghai have moved one step closer to (connect) with the global education community.
37．The dog, properly (train), will be made a good watchdog.
38．When he woke up, he found himself (seat) on a chair, with his hands tied back.
39． How could he get the plan (carry) out without any one to support him?
40．Weather (permit), the Whites will have a picnic by the seaside this weekend.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
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复习进阶 专题03 非谓语动词“破译密码”
内容导航
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
高考考点聚焦
(
考点一
非谓语动词作主语
)
（一）动名词作主语
基本用法：动名词作主语表示抽象的、一般性的行为或经验，谓语动词用单数形式 。
Collecting stamps from different countries has been his hobby for years.
多年来，收集不同国家的邮票一直是他的爱好。
名师点津：动名词短语 “Collecting stamps from different countries” 作主语，谓语动词 “has been” 用单数
动名词作主语固定句型
1. It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。It is no use/good doing….
It is a waste of time doing….
It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
2.用于There is no doing…固定句型。
There is no denying that the Internet has brought great convenience to our lives.（不可否认的是，互联网给我们的生活带来了巨大的便利。）
There is no denying that hard work is the key to success.（不可否认，努力是成功的关键。）
（二）动词不定式作主语
基本用法：动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的行为，或尚未发生的动作，谓语动词同样用单数 。
例句：To learn a foreign language well takes a lot of time and effort.（学好一门外语需要花费大量的时间和精力。
名师点津：
动词不定式短语 “To learn a foreign language well” 作主语，“takes” 为单数谓语）
形式主语 it：当动词不定式作主语较长时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语后置，构成 “It + be + adj./n. + to do sth.” 句型 。
例句：It is important to protect the environment for future generations.（为子孙后代保护环境很重要。“it” 是形式主语，“to protect the environment for future generations” 是真正主语）
（三）动名词与动词不定式作主语的区别
动名词作主语侧重抽象、习惯；动词不定式作主语侧重具体、某次行为。
Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼，抽象概念）；
To swim in this river this afternoon will be great fun.（今天下午在这条河里游泳会很有趣，具体某次行为）
(
口诀助记
非谓做主两兄弟，动名不定各有戏。
动名抽象常习惯，不定具体某一次。
遇到长句不用急，it 来帮忙把位替。
no use/good/useless 后，动名词跟莫迟疑。
)
易错点分析
主谓不一致：单个的非谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
易错示例：✘ Playing basketball and listening to music are my favorite hobby.
（应将 “are” 改为 “is”，因为 “Playing basketball and listening to music” 看作一个整体）
动名词与不定式作主语含义混淆：在语境中错误选择动名词或不定式作主语。
易错示例：✘ Smoking is not allowed here. To smoke is harmful to your health.
（前句用动名词表示抽象概念正确，后句也应保持一致用 “Smoking”，强调抽烟有害健康这个抽象概念）
形式主语使用不当：该用 it 作形式主语时未使用，导致句子结构头重脚轻。
易错示例：✘ To finish all the homework before dinner in such a short time seems impossible for me.
（应改为 “It seems impossible for me to finish all the homework before dinner in such a short time.”）
1．（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期末）It is no use (try) to play erhu if you are not going to give it your best shot.
2．（22-23高一下·江苏镇江·期末）In a society where (be) thin is often seen as a kind of beauty, teenagers sometimes go to extremes in order to slim down quickly.
· 思路点拨：
1. 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：如果你不打算发挥出最好的水平，那么演奏二胡是没有用的。it is no use doing sth. (做某事是没有用的)，动名词作主语。it做形式主语。故填trying。
2. 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：在一个通常被视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端措施迅速减肥。分析句子结构，where引导定语从句，此处作从句主语应用动名词短语作主语，being thin变瘦，符合题意。故填being。
· 答案1. trying 2. being
(
考点二
非谓语动词作宾语
)
（1） 动名词作宾语
常常跟动名词做宾语的动词
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅；
admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想；
avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练；
deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏；
forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险；
can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡；
She admitted making a mistake in the math exam.（她承认在数学考试中犯了一个错误）
We should practice speaking English every day to improve our oral skills.（我们应该每天练习说英语来提高口语技能）
介词后接动名词：在一些固定搭配或短语中，介词后面的动词要用动名词形式 。
He is good at playing the guitar.（他擅长弹吉他，“at” 为介词，后接动名词 “playing”）
They are looking forward to visiting the Great Wall.（他们期待着参观长城，“to” 在这里是介词，不是动词不定式符号）
动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。
be used to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.； spend...(in) doing sth.； There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.; have a good/wonderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等动词词组也要接动名词作宾语。
（二）动词不定式作宾语
常常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
希望学会想决心
hope/wish/expect, learn, want, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装
manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划
offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙
ask/beg, agree , help
She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.他闭上眼睛，假装睡着了。
名师点津：
有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如，discover, explain, wonder等。
I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples.我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。
He has no choice but to leave.他除了离开别无选择。
“疑问词 + 动词不定式” 作宾语：
在某些动词（如 know, show, tell, ask, find out 等）后，可以用 “疑问词（what, how, when, where, which 等）+ 动词不定式” 结构作宾语 。
I don't know how to solve this problem.（我不知道如何解决这个问题）
Can you tell me where to buy this book?（你能告诉我在哪里可以买到这本书吗？）
（三）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语的动词
意义基本相同：如 begin, start, continue 等，接动名词和动词不定式作宾语时，意义差别不大 。
It began to rain/raining when we were on our way home.（我们回家的路上开始下雨了）
意义不同：
be used to do被用来做
be used to doing习惯于；适应于；
forget to do sth 忘记去做某事；
forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事；
remember to do sth记住去做某事；
remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事；
regret to do sth遗憾去做某事；
regret doing sth后悔做过某事；
stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事；
stop doing sth停止做一件事；
try to do sth努力/试图做某事；
try doing sth尝试着做某事；
mean to do sth已与/企图做某事；
mean doing sth意味着做某事；
go on to do sth（做完某事）接着做另一件事；go on doing sth继续做同一件事；
can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事；
can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事；
(
非谓作宾口诀
非谓作宾有规律，两种形式要牢记。
动名专属要背熟，介词之后动名续。
只能不定也不少，“疑问词 + 不定” 可入句。
有些动词两均可，意义相同或相异。
记忘后悔停与试，不同搭配细分析。
)
1.（23-24高一上·广东东莞·期末）My aunt attempted (promote) her book by sharing it with friends and family.
2.（23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）The pouring rain that night made it hard for witnesses (identify) the murderer.
（24-25高一上·江苏南通·期末）After (bite) by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent to the hospital by her friends immediately.
4.．（22-23高一上·吉林延边·期末）UNESO runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from (disappear).
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作宾语。
1. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：我姑姑试图通过与朋友和家人分享来宣传她的书。 固定搭配：attempt to do sth.试图做某事，不定式作宾语。根据句意，故填to promote。
2. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：那天晚上的倾盆大雨使目击者很难辨认出凶手。根据“made it hard for witnesses”可推知，此处用固定结构“make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，意为“使某人做某事……”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，空处应用identify的不定式形式。故填to identify。
3. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：苏珊被灌木丛中的蛇咬伤后，立即被朋友送到医院。分析句子可知，“After”为介词，空格处应用动名词作宾语，“Susan”和“bite”为被动关系，故应用动名词的被动语态“being done”，“bite”的过去分词为“bitten”，故空格处应用“being bitten”。故填being bitten。
4. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：联合国教科文组织开展了一个项目，防止世界各地的世界文化遗产消失。短语prevent sb./sth. from doing意为“防止某人/某物做某事”，空处应用disappear“消失”的动名词形式，作from的宾语。故填disappearing。
· 答案1. to promote 2. to identify 3. being bitten 4. disappearing
(
考点
三三
非谓语动词作状语
)
（1） 分词作状语
分词作状语主动用现在分词（Ving 形式），强调被动用过去分词
时间状语
分词结构相当于时间状语从句
（现在分词）：Hearing the good news, she jumped with joy.
（=When she heard the good news, she jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，她高兴得跳了起来）
（过去分词）：Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.（=When the earth is seen from the space, it looks like a blue ball. 从太空看，地球像一个蓝色的球体）
原因状语
说明主句动作发生的原因
（现在分词）：Being ill, he didn't go to school.
（=Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. 因为生病了，他没去上学）
（过去分词）：Surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say.
（=As they were surprised at the result, they didn't know what to say. 他们对这个结果感到惊讶，不知道说什么好）
条件状语
表示假设条件，类似条件状语从句。
（现在分词）：Working hard, you will succeed.
（=If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功）
（过去分词）：Given more time, we could have finished the work.
（=If we had been given more time, we could have finished the work. 如果给我们更多时间，我们本可以完成这项工作）
结果状语
分词结构表示意料之中的结果。
（现在分词）：The heavy rain lasted a week, causing great damage to the crops.（大雨持续了一周，给庄稼造成了巨大损失）
伴随状语
分词结构伴随主句动作同时发生。
（现在分词）：He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.（他坐在椅子上，看报纸）
（过去分词）：The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.（老师站在那里，被学生们围着）
（二）动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语
作目的状语
不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。
To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind.
要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。
作结果状语
a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。
I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。
She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.
她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.
这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
作原因状语
不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。
They were surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。
She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.
得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难懂。
The picture is pleasant to look at.
这张画很好看。
作独立成分
下列结构常用作独立成分：
to tell the truth说实话； to be honest诚实地说； to put it briefly前言之；
to be frank坦白地说； to begin/start with首先； to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是；
to put it in a nutshell简而言之
（二）独立主格结构
独立主格结构指带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。它在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系。其作用相当于状语从句。有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。
独立主格结构的构成
名词/代词+形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
名词/代词+现在分词
Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
名词/代词+过去分词
More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
名词/代词（主格）+不定式
Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s
俩个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
名词/代词+副词
Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking.午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
名词/代词+名词
He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
with 复合结构
构成：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
With you to help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
名师点津：
从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
(
非谓作
状
口诀
非谓作状有五类，时因条果与伴随。
主动现分被动过，逻辑主语要认准。
主不一致莫着急，独立主格来救急。
)
易错点分析
1. 逻辑主语错误：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，否则句子错误。
易错示例：✘ Looking out of the window, the garden was beautiful.
（“looking” 的逻辑主语应该是人，而不是 “the garden”，应改为 Looking out of the window, I saw a beautiful garden.）
2. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。
易错示例：✘ Given more time, and we can finish the work.
（应去掉 “and”，“Given more time” 是过去分词短语作条件状语，与句子主语 “we” 构成被动关系；加上 “and” 后就变成了并列句，语法错误）
3. 独立主格结构使用不当：需要使用独立主格结构时，却未使用，造成句子逻辑混乱。
易错示例：✘ After finishing my homework, my mother allowed me to watch TV.
（“finishing” 的逻辑主语应该是 “我”，而不是 “my mother”，应改为 After I finished my homework, my mother allowed me to watch TV. 或者使用独立主格结构 My homework finished, my mother allowed me to watch TV.）
1. （23-24高一下·江苏盐城·期末）The tunes are easy (sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.
2. （23-24高一下·河南信阳·阶段练习）The railway integrates (融合) the entire process’ design, construction and operation, (result) in an all-round “3D digital Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway”.
3. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末） (give) one more time, Mr Keating is willing to inspire students’ talents and potentials.
4. （23-24高一下·重庆·期末） (absorb) in painting, the children didn’t notice evening approaching.
5. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末） I studied all night, only (discover) in the morning that I had forgotten that the exam was delayed. (
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作状语。
1.考查不定式。句意：曲调很容易唱，歌词往往会让你陷入深思。sth. be easy to do是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，因此空格处用不定式to sing，是不定式的主动表被动，故填to sing。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该铁路集设计、施工、运营全流程于一体，是一条全方位的“3D数字化福厦高铁”。本句已有谓语动词integrates，设空处应作非谓语， result和其逻辑主语（The railway integrates (融合) the entire process’ design, construction and operation）之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填 resulting。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：再给一次机会，基汀老师愿意激发学生的才能和潜力。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，give“给予”和Mr Keating逻辑上是被动关系，应用give的过去分词形式，作条件状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Given。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们全神贯注地画画，没有注意到夜晚即将来临。设空处用作句子的状语，动词absorb和主语the children之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，表示的意思是“全神贯注于”。位于句首首字母大写。故填Absorbed。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意：我学习了一整夜，结果早上才发现我忘了考试推迟了。根据“I studied all night”和“in the morning that I had forgotten that the exam was delayed”可知，此处应用only to do表示意料之外的结果。动词discover意为“发现”。故填to discover。
· 答案1. to sing 2.resulting 3. Given 4. Absorbed 5. to discover
(
考点
四
非谓语动词作补语
)
（一）现在分词作补语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作补语时，强调动作正在进行或主动关系。
现在分词作补语
感官动词
常用于感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel 等）后 。
I saw her dancing in the room.（我看见她正在房间里跳舞，“dancing” 表示 “她” 正在进行的动作，且 “她” 与 “跳舞” 是主动关系）
使役动词
常用于使役动词（have, keep, leave 等）后 。
Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（刷牙时不要让水一直流着，“running” 体现水持续流动的状态，“水” 与 “流” 是主动关系）
固定搭配
catch sb. doing sth.（撞见某人正在做某事）”“find sb. doing sth.（发现某人正在做某事）” 。
The teacher caught the boy cheating in the exam.（老师发现那个男孩考试作弊）
（二）过去分词作补语
基本用法：过去分词作补语表示被动或完成的意义，常用于感官动词、使役动词（如 have, get, make 等）以及 “with + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构中 。
过去分词作补语
感官动词
常用于感官动词（see, watch, observe, notice, hear, smell, feel 等）后 。
When I entered the room, I found the window broken.（我进入房间时，发现窗户破了，“broken” 表明窗户是被打破的，存在被动关系）
使役动词
常用于使役动词（have, keep, leave 等）后 。
I want to have my hair cut tomorrow.（我明天想剪头发，“hair” 与 “cut” 是被动关系）
with + 宾语 + 过去分词
With the work done, we went home happily.（工作完成了，我们开心地回家了，“work” 和 “done” 是被动完成关系）
（三）动词不定式作补语
动词不定式作补语
带 to 的不定式作补语
在一些动词（如 ask, tell, want, allow, encourage, advise 等）后，用带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，表示让某人去做某事 。
例句：My parents often encourage me to study hard.（我父母经常鼓励我努力学习，“me” 是宾语，“to study hard” 是宾语补足语）
不带 to 的不定式作补语
在使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, feel 等）后，不定式作宾补时要省略 to ，但在被动语态中，to 要还原 。
（主动语态）：The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
（老板让工人们每天工作 12 小时，省略 to）
（被动语态）：The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.
（工人们被老板要求每天工作 12 小时，to 还原）
(
非谓语作补语口诀
非谓作补三兄弟，现分过分不定式。
现分主动正进行，感官使役常见形。
过分被动已完成，多种结构都可行。
不定补语分两种，to 带 to 无要看清。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 to 还原。
)
易错点分析
1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断宾语与非谓语动词之间的主动或被动关系，导致误用。
易错示例：✘ I heard my name calling.（“name” 和 “call” 是被动关系，应改为 I heard my name called.）
2. 不定式 to 的误用：在该省略 to 或该带 to 的情况下用错。
易错示例：✘ The teacher let him to answer the question.（“let” 后接不带 to 的不定式，应改为 The teacher let him answer the question.）
易错示例：✘ He was seen go into the room.（被动语态中感官动词后的 to 要还原，应改为 He was seen to go into the room.）
3. 补语逻辑关系错误：非谓语动词作补语时，没有保证其与宾语在逻辑上合理搭配。
易错示例：✘ I found him to be reading a book.
（“find sb. doing sth.” 是固定用法，应改为 I found him reading a book.）
1.（23-24高一下·江苏·期末）Michael noticed the little boy spinning the basketball around to keep himself (entertain).
2. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）Finally, drug users find themselves (trap) in a prison form which they can’t escape.
3. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）The dragon is about 70 meters long and weighs more than 200 pounds, with its body (wrap) with pearl grass.
4. （22-23高一下·重庆·期末）This experiment enabled scientists (prove) that despite their poorly developed small eyes, bats still can see during the day.
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作补语。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔注意到这个小男孩为了自娱自乐而旋转着篮球。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，逻辑主语himself与entertain构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填entertained。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，吸毒者发现自己被困在牢笼中，无法逃脱。本句谓语为find，此处为非谓语动词，且themselves与trap“卡住，使陷入困境”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语themselves的补足语。故填trapped。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：这条龙大约 70 米长，200 多磅重，它的身体被珍珠草包裹着。此处使用了“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，its body和wrap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故填wrapped。。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项实验使科学家们能够证明，尽管蝙蝠的小眼睛发育不良，但它们在白天仍然可以看到东西。enable sb to do sth是固定句型，动词不定式作宾补。故填to prove。
5.
· 答案1. entertained 2. trapped 3. wrapped 4. to prove
(
考点
五
非谓语动词作定语
)
（一）现在分词作定语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作，单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语则置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句 。
单个现在分词：The running boy is my brother.
（正在奔跑的男孩是我的弟弟，“running” 表示主动且正在进行的动作）
现在分词短语：The girl standing under the tree is my classmate.
（=The girl who is standing under the tree is my classmate. 站在树下的女孩是我的同学）
特殊情况：有些现在分词作定语不表示正在进行，而是表示事物的性质或特点，如 “an exciting story（一个令人兴奋的故事）”“a tiring journey（一次累人的旅程）” 。
（二）过去分词作定语
基本用法：过去分词作定语表示被动或完成的动作，单个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词前，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词后，同样可转换为定语从句 。
单个过去分词：The broken window needs to be repaired.（破碎的窗户需要修理，“broken” 表示被动和完成）
过去分词短语：The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.（=The book which was written by Lu Xun is very popular. 鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎）
形容词化的过去分词：像 “interested（感兴趣的）”“surprised（惊讶的）”“frightened（害怕的）” 等，在句中作定语时主要起描述性质的作用 ，如 “an interested look（一个感兴趣的表情）”。
（三）动词不定式作定语
基本用法：动词不定式作定语通常表示将来的动作，且与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系 。
动宾关系：I have a lot of homework to do.（“do” 和 “homework” 是动宾关系，我有很多作业要做）
主谓关系：She is always the first to come and the last to leave.（“come” 和 “leave” 与 “she” 是主谓关系，她总是第一个来，最后一个走）
同位关系：He made a plan to study abroad.（“to study abroad” 是 “plan” 的同位语，他制定了一个出国留学的计划）
(
非谓语作定语口诀
非谓定语有三种，现分过分不定式。
现分主动正进行，有时也把性质呈。
过分被动已完成，部分形化要记清。
不定将来动宾连，特殊情况心中明。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 to 还原。
)特殊结构：当被修饰词是序数词、最高级或被 the only, the very 等修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语 ，如 “He is the best man to do the job.（他是做这项工作的最佳人选）”。
易错点分析
1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与被修饰词之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。
易错示例：✘ The boy written a letter is my cousin.
（“boy” 和 “write” 是主动关系，应改为 The boy writing a letter is my cousin.）
2. 动词不定式逻辑关系判断错误：在分析动词不定式作定语时，未能准确判断其与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，导致理解错误。
易错示例：✘ I need a pen to write.
（“write” 和 “pen” 是动宾关系，应改为 I need a pen to write with. 这里 “with” 不能省略）
3. 定语位置错误：不清楚单个分词和分词短语作定语的位置规则，将位置放错。
易错示例：✘ The girl is my sister standing under the tree.
（应改为 The girl standing under the tree is my sister. 现在分词短语作定语要后置）
1.（23-24高一下·山东淄博·期末）China’s National Highway 318, (stretch) over 5,000 kilometres, runs from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang.
2.（22-23高一下·广东惠州·期末）Their work made it possible to double the number of visitors (permit) inside.
3.（23-24高一下·福建三明·期中）Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm?
4．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末）When I was in Xi’an, I went to visit an ancient temple (date) back to the Han Dynasty.
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查可数名词复数形式的变化规则以及不可数名词的形式。
1.考查非谓语动词，句意：中国318国道绵延5000多公里，从上海到西藏樟木。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是runs，空处应用非谓语动词。动词stretch与其逻辑主语China’s National Highway 318之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填stretching。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的工作使允许参观的人数增加了一倍。此处permit与visitors构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填permitted。
3.考查非谓语。句意：这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护邻居免受伤害吗？名词responsibility后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to keep。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我在西安的时候，我去参观了一座可以追溯到汉代的古庙。“(date) back to the Han Dynasty”作后置定语，动词短语date back to(追溯到)没有被动语态和进行时态，在句中通常用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。
· 答案1. stretching 2. permitted 3. to keep 4.dating
(
考点
六
非谓语动词作表语
)
（一）现在分词作表语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作表语，用于说明主语的性质、特征或具有的特点，通常具有 “令人……” 的含义，主语多为事物 。
The movie we watched last night was really exciting.（我们昨晚看的电影非常令人兴奋，“exciting” 描述电影让人产生兴奋的感觉）
The story he told is very interesting.
（他讲的故事很有趣，“interesting” 体现故事本身具备有趣的特质）
常见词汇：常见的作表语的现在分词有 amusing（有趣的）、boring（无聊的）、charming（迷人的）、disappointing（令人失望的）、frightening（可怕的）等 。
（二）过去分词作表语
基本用法：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态或感受，常具有 “感到……” 的意思，主语多为人 。
After a long day's work, I felt exhausted.（经过一天的长时间工作，我感到筋疲力尽，“exhausted” 描述 “我” 的感受和状态）
She was surprised at the unexpected news.（她对这个意外的消息感到惊讶，“surprised” 体现主语的情绪状态）
名师点津：
部分过去分词作表语时，已转化为形容词，可用于修饰名词 ，如 “an interested look（一个感兴趣的表情）”“a worried expression（一个担忧的表情）” 。
（三）动词不定式作表语
基本用法：动词不定式作表语，一般表示主语的具体内容、目的或将来的动作 。
例句：My dream is to become a famous doctor in the future.（我的梦想是将来成为一名著名的医生，“to become a famous doctor” 是 “dream” 的具体内容）
The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the plan for next semester.（这次会议的目的是讨论下学期的计划，“to discuss the plan for next semester” 说明会议的目的）
名师点津：
当主语是 “one's wish, plan, duty, job, idea, goal” 等表示计划、想法、职责类的名词时，常用动词不定式作表语 。
(
非谓语作表语口诀
非谓作表有三种，现分过分不定式。
现分表性 “令人感”，事物为主常相伴。
过分表状 “人感受”，描述情绪心体验。
不定表内或目的，未来动作也常见。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 to 还原。
)
易错点分析
1. 现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确区分现在分词和过去分词作表语时的不同含义，导致误用。
易错示例：✘ I am very exciting about the trip.
（“exciting” 用于描述事物，此处应表示 “我” 的感受，改为 I am very excited about the trip.）
2. 动词不定式逻辑关系混乱：在使用动词不定式作表语时，未能准确把握其与主语之间的逻辑联系，导致句子表意不清。
易错示例：✘ His plan is study hard next term.
（应改为 His plan is to study hard next term. “to study hard” 是 “plan” 的具体内容，不能缺少 “to” ）
3. 忽略主表搭配合理性：选择非谓语动词作表语时，没有考虑主语和表语在语义和逻辑上是否匹配。
易错示例：✘ The noise is to feel annoyed.
（逻辑不通，可改为 The noise is annoying. 用现在分词 “annoying” 描述噪音令人烦躁的性质 ）
1.（23-24高一上·福建莆田·期末）Her next goal is (start) a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
2.（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Still, practical problems remain (solve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots.
· 思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作表语。
1.考查非谓语。句意：她的下一个目标是创办一个慈善网站，为贫困国家的儿童筹集资金。由next goal 以及句意可知，此空应填不定式作表语。故填to start。
2.考查不定式和被动语态。句意：尽管如此，实际问题仍有待解决，比如确保出行安全，因为许多出租车将在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。remain是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，由“such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots”可知，句子表示“实际问题仍有待解决”，空格处用不定式表将来，且问题是被解决，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be solved。故填to be solved。
· 答案1. to start 2. to be solved 3. B
1．The (license) process involves legal contracts between parties.
【答案】licensing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：许可流程涉及各方之间的法律合同。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词process，结合句意，此处表示一般性动作，所以使用license的动名词形式“licensing”作定语，licensing process意为“许可流程”为固定搭配，符合语境。故填licensing。
2． Schools play a role in (socialize) children.
【答案】socializing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校在儿童社交方面发挥着作用。介词in后接动名词形式，在句中作宾语。故填socializing。
3．Without an umbrella, she found herself (catch) in the rain.
【答案】caught
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有带伞，她发现自己被困在了雨中。“find+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，herself和catch为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填caught。
4．With the story (fold), readers are definitely satisfied with the happy ending.
【答案】unfolding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着故事的展开，读者肯定会对大团圆结局感到满意。结合句意可知此处指“随着故事的展开”，使用动词unfold“呈现，逐渐展现”，with复合结构，unfold和宾语story之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填unfolding。
5．We need to establish a committee of experts to preserve the cultural heritage and prevent it from (harm).
【答案】being harmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要成立一个专家委员会来保护文化遗产，防止其受到损害。本句谓语为need，此处为非谓语动词，且it指代the cultural heritage，与harm“损害”为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式，作from的宾语。故填being harmed。
6．It is an annual custom in the town (decorate) the streets with colorful lights.
【答案】to decorate
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：用彩灯装饰街道是镇上一年一度的习俗。“It is + 名词 + to do sth.”是一个常用的句型，其中 to do sth.是真正的主语，it 是形式主语。故填to decorate。
7．The committee (establish) last year holds a meeting every month.
【答案】established
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：去年成立的委员会每月召开一次会议。“(establish) last year”作后置定语，establish(建立，设立)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The committee之间是被动关系，用过去分词established表被动。故填established。
8．My teacher recommended (read) the book before seeing the movie.
【答案】reading
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的老师建议在看电影之前先读这本书。recommend doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，所以空处应填动名词reading作宾语。故填reading。
9．It was impossible for the little boy (carry) such a heavy box.
【答案】to carry
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小男孩搬这么重的箱子是不可能的。此处为固定句型“It+be+adj+for somebody to do”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to carry。
10．Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices (hear) in the world.
【答案】heard
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：女性应该得到有尊严的对待，她们应该让世界听到她们的声音。make sth. done“使某事被做”。and后的句子谓语为should make，此处为非谓语动词，their voices与hear“听到”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填heard。
11．The first medieval universities are generally- considered (establish) in Italy, France and England in the late 11th and 12th centuries.
【答案】to have been established
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一批中世纪大学通常被认为是在11世纪末和12世纪在意大利、法国和英格兰建立的。consider sb. to do sth.“认为某人做某事”，universities与establish“建立”之间是被动关系，且establish发生在are generally- considered之前，故用to have been established，作主语补足语。故填to be established。
12．People using mobile phones outdoors during storms are more likely to suffer internal injuries if (strike) by lightning.
【答案】struck
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在暴风雨中在户外使用手机的人更有可能在被闪电击中时遭受内伤。People与strike之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故填struck。
13．The spirit of Jimmy fighting with the robber is worthy (praise).
【答案】to be praised
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉米与强盗搏斗的精神值得赞扬。短语be worthy to do sth.“值得做某事”，且praise与spirit构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be praised。
14．There is no doubt that (expose) to too much radiation poses a threat to health.
【答案】being exposed /exposure
【详解】考查动名词或者名词。句意：毫无疑问，暴露在过多的辐射中对健康构成威胁。空处在that从句中作主语，结合句意可知，此处表示经常性动作，所以使用动名词形式作主语，且表示被动意义，所以使用动名词的被动形式being exposed。也可以用名词exposure作主语。故填being exposed/exposure。
15．Mary is sitting on a park bench, (bury) in her book.
【答案】buried
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽正坐在公园的长椅上埋头看书。句中谓语是is sitting，空格处用非谓语动词，be buried in是固定短语，意为“埋头于”，因此空格处用buried作状语，故填buried。
16．I read the letter she handed me with my head (lower), so that she wouldn’t see the tears rolling down my cheeks.
【答案】lowered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我低着头读她递给我的信，这样她就不会看到我脸颊上的泪水。“降低”为动词lower，with复合结构中，my head和lower之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式lowered作宾语补足语，故填lowered。
17．Spielberg is such a famous director that we’re all looking forward to (see) his new films.
【答案】seeing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯皮尔伯格是一位如此著名的导演，我们都期待着看他的新电影。look forward to是固定短语，意思是“期待”，to为介词，后面通常接动名词作宾语，故填seeing。
18．Though the job was very difficult, he still managed (finish) it.
【答案】to finish
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管这项工作很难，但他依然成功完成了。manage to do...是固定用法，意为“成功做成某事”，不定式作宾语。所以填to finish。
19．Teenagers (bring) up in the countryside seem to be more independent than those living in cities.
【答案】brought
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在农村被抚养长大的青少年似乎比生活在城市的青少年更独立。Teenagers与bring up之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词brought作定语，填brought。
20．He is said (quit) his job as an office boy in Athens before he went to Brazil.
【答案】to have quitted
【详解】考查动词不定式的完成式。句意：据说他在去巴西之前辞去了雅典办公室文员的工作。动词quit意为“离任”，根据“before he went to Brazil”可知，动作发生在谓语之前，此处应用be said to have done表示“据说已经做了某事”。故填to have quitted。
21．Weather (permit), we will play tennis this Saturday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】permitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果天气允许，我们这个星期六打网球。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词构成独立主格，动词permit与逻辑主语weather之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。故填permitting。
22． (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy got a chance to become famous.
【答案】Offered/Having been offered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一部新电影中得到一个重要角色，安迪得到了一个成名的机会。此处offer与Andy构成被动关系，可用过去分词作状语，或表示动作先于谓语完成，用having been done形式，首字母大写。故填Offered/Having been offered。
23．Deeply (affect) by the film, they couldn’t hold back their tears.
【答案】affected
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们被这部电影深深打动了，忍不住流下了眼泪。affect作为非谓语动词使用，they承受它的动作，因此使用过去分词作状语，故填affected。
24．Wood gives off much smoke while (burn).
【答案】burning
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：木头燃烧时冒出许多烟。在while引导的时间状语从句中，主语和主句相同，可以省略从句的主语和系动词。动词burn意为“燃烧”，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填burning。
25．It occurred to me (attend) an important meeting when I was about to go home.
【答案】to attend
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我正要回家时突然想起要参加一个重要的会议。句型It occured to sb. to do sth.“突然想到做某事”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，故填to attend。
26．She stood there with her arms (fold ), looking very angry.
【答案】folded
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她抱着胳膊站在那里，看上去很生气。在with的复合结构中，动词fold意为“交叉”，和逻辑主语her arms构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词形式。故填folded。
27．Greenhouse gases are said (be) the main cause of global warming.
【答案】to be
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室气体被认为是全球变暖的主要原因。短语be said to be表示“被认为是……”。故填to be。
28．The director, (impress) by his performance, decided to have a talk with him.
【答案】impressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：导演对他的表演印象深刻，决定和他谈一谈。该句的谓语是decided，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词impress与其逻辑主语The director之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填impressed。
29．Tom found an ATM and put his bank card in, only (tell) that the card was out of service.
【答案】to be told
【详解】考查动词不定式的被动形式。句意：汤姆找到了一台自动取款机，把他的银行卡放了进去，却被告知那张卡不能用了。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意外的结果。动词tell与其逻辑主语Tom之间为被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be told。
30．Facing import and export costs, the company is looking for ways (survive).
【答案】to survive
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对进出口成本，公司正在寻找生存之道。此处是固定搭配：way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”，用不定式作后置定语修饰way。故填to survive。
31． (hear) that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Johnson hurried to the hospital.
【答案】Hearing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听说妻子在事故中受伤，约翰逊先生急忙赶往医院。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Mr. Johnson为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词作时间状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Hearing。
32．I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not (want) to be heard.
【答案】wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我看见她在他耳边嘀咕着什么，显然是不想让他听见。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，want和逻辑主语her为主谓关系，此处作伴随状语，需用现在分词形式。故填wanting。
33． Listen! I’m sure you can hear the birds (sing) in the garden right now.
【答案】singing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听！我确信你现在能听到花园里鸟儿的歌声。hear sb./sth. do sth.意为“听到某人/某物做某事”，表示听到动作发生的全过程；hear sb./sth. doing sth.意为“听到某人/某物正在做某事”，表示听到动作正在进行。根据句中的Listen和right now可知，这里表示听见鸟儿正在歌唱，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填singing。
34．At present, these animals are well protected from (hunt).
【答案】being hunted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，这些动物受到很好的保护，不会被猎杀。空处作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式。逻辑主语these animals和hunt之间是动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式。故填being hunted。
35． (locate) in the south of China, Guangdong Province has a long history.
【答案】Located
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：广东省位于中国南方，历史悠久。be located in意为“位于”，为固定搭配。本句的谓语是has，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语Guangdong Province和locate之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作状语。故填Located。
36．Luofu Mountain appears like a fairyland, (make) a beautiful scene.
【答案】making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：罗浮山宛如仙境，创造了一个美丽的场景。句中已有谓语appears，空处作非谓语动词，罗浮山看起来像仙境一样，自然而然的结果是创造了一个美丽的场景，所以空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。
37．During the operation, she sat in the (wait) room for over an hour worrying about him.
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他担心。空处作定语，强调room的用途，故用wait的动名词形式作定语，故填waiting。
38．The athlete is said (commit) a great deal of time and effort to training, which has resulted in her excellent performance in the competition.
【答案】to have committed
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：据说这位运动员投入了大量的时间和精力进行训练，这使她在比赛中取得了优异的成绩。此处为固定句型“sb. be said to do sth.”意为“据说某人做某事”，结合句意和下文中的“which has resulted in her excellent performance”可知，导致他取得优异成绩是他“已经投入大量时间和精力”，也就是commit发生在be said之前，所以使用不定式的完成式作主补。故填to have committed。
39．In “The Million Pound Bank Note”, the main character was given a million-pound bank note unexpectedly, (result) in his significant life changes.
【答案】resulting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在《百万英镑钞票》中，主人公意外地得到了一张百万英镑的钞票，结果，他的生活发生了重大变化。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词短语result in是整个主句伴随的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式，表示主动，作结果状语。故填resulting。
40． (observe)the monkeys’ behaviors, the scientists followed them into the forest at the same time.
【答案】To observe
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了观察猴子的行为，科学家们同时跟随它们进入了森林。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填To observe。
真题感知
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
58.【答案】to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
2.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
42.【答案】visibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
43.【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
5.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45and____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
44.【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
6.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware).
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
7.【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
8.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
9.【2024浙江1月卷】The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【36题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
10.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【42题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
【43题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
11.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.... ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
12.【2023年全国乙卷】 She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use.
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：她直接走进淋浴间去洗，但是没有用。此处不定式表目的，应用动词原形。故washing改为wash。
13.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【40题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，且与visit为逻辑上的主谓关系。故填visiting。
14.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
15.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
16.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
17.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
18.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
19.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
20.【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
21.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
22.【2023年浙江1月卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
23.【2023年北京卷】When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
【答案】seen
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
24.【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
【答案】to address
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
提升专练
1． (face) with dangers, we must keep calm.
【答案】Faced
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对危险，我们必须保持冷静。句中已有谓语动词must keep calm，空处用非谓语动词，be faced with“面临”是固定短语，省略be，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Faced。
2． (compare) the two proposals, we found the latter is more practical.
【答案】Comparing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：比较两种方案，我们发现后者更为实际。句中found为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处we与compare之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Comparing。
3． (equip) with advanced knowledge, we can struggle against nature.
【答案】Equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有了先进的知识，我们可以与自然斗争。句中已有谓语动词struggle，空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词equip与句子主语we之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词equipped作状语。故填Equipped。
4． (overcome) by great interest, the boy looked out of the window.
【答案】Overcome
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被极大的兴趣驱使，男孩向窗外望去。本句已有谓语looked out of且无连词，动词overcome用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the boy与动词overcome是被动关系，overcome用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Overcome。
5． (devote) to his family life, he has always been a good husband and father.
【答案】Devoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他全身心地投入到家庭生活中，一直是一个好丈夫和好父亲。be deveoted to“专心于”，此处使用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Devoted。
6．I must ask you to (company) me to the police station.
【答案】accompany
【详解】考查动词。句意：我必须请你陪我去警察局。表示“陪伴”应用动词accompany，且上文为短语ask sb. to do sth.。故填accompany。
7．Rooms (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, television and telephone.
【答案】varying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不同大小的房间都配有吹风机、电视和电话。vary和Rooms之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填varying。
8．She gave me a book with instructions (help) me learn the language.
【答案】to help
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她给了我一本书，里面有帮助我学习这门语言的说明。本句已有谓语动词gave，所以help用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作后置定语。故填to help。
9．Over time, this could make the shark a danger to people (live) in the area.
【答案】living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，这可能会使鲨鱼对生活在该地区的人们构成威胁。live和people之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填living。
10．While the doctor concentrates on (examine) Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick.
【答案】examining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时，我用一个魔术吸引了她的注意。提示词examine(检查)作介词宾语，用动名词形式examining。故填examining。
11． (judge) from the evidence presented, it appears that the accused is not guilty.
【答案】Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从提供的证据来看，被告似乎是无罪的。本句谓语为appears，此处为非谓语动词，judging from“从……判断”为固定短语，是现在分词短语，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Judging。
12．The (frighten) boy left the room without saying a word.
【答案】frightened
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受惊的男孩一言不发地离开了房间。left为本句谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，根据空后boy可知，空处为定语，修饰名词boy。结合句意，表示“感到害怕的”，需用过去分词化的形容词frightened。故填frightened。
13．They had no alternative but (put) the meeting off.
【答案】to put
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们别无选择，只能将会议推迟。分析句子可知，此处符合短语have no alternative but to do sth.意为“没有其他选择只能……”，应用不定式，put搭配off意为“推迟，延迟”。故填to put。
14．All things (consider), the planned trip will have to be put off.
【答案】considered
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：考虑到所有的情况，计划中的旅行将不得不推迟。此处为独立主格结构作状语，consider与逻辑主语all things之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填considered。
15．Japanese government describes the water to be released “treated” and not “radioactive”.
【答案】as
【详解】考查介词。句意：日本政府称将释放的水是“经过处理的”，而不是“放射性的”。 这里考查describe… as…，表“把……描述成为……”，为固定搭配。故填as。
16．Astronaut farmers must ensure that the plants growing in such artificial conditions are safe to consume have no side effects and are pleasant (eat).
【答案】to eat
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员农民必须确保在这种人工条件下生长的植物食用安全、无副作用且口感好， be pleasant to do为固定短语，表示“做某事是令人愉快”，符合句意，故填 to eat.
17．Products and activities (feature) traditional elements combined with modern designs which are called the “new Chinese style”, are becoming increasingly popular.
【答案】featuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词，句意：被称为“新中国风”的传统元素与现代设计相结合的产品和活动越来越受欢迎。本句已有谓语动词 are becoming，所以 feature“以……为特点”用非谓语形式，作Products and activities的后置定语，且 feature 与中心词为主谓关系，故填 featuring。
18．Cultural expectations may also be (blame)—girls may be more likely to catch maths anxiety, perhaps because of stereotypes (刻板印象)that giris are naturally not very good at maths. 【答案】to blame
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：文化期望也可能是罪魁祸首——女孩可能更容易患上数学焦虑症，也许是因为女孩天生不擅长数学的刻板印象，短语 be to blame 表示“该受责备”主动表达被动。故填 to blame。
19． (judge) from my experience, a proper balance is not easy to achieve.
【答案】Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据我的经验，一个适当的平衡是不容易达到的。judging from根据……判断，为独立结构，即：不用考虑从句和主句逻辑关系的一致性，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Judging。
20．It is known for its long history (date) back 100 years. (
【答案】dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它以100年前的悠久历史而闻名。本句已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词形式作后置定语，its long history和date为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填dating。
21．Locally (know) as “mosquito writing” , Nushu looks like dancing Chinese characters at first glance.
【答案】known
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地被称为“蚊子字”的女书乍一看像跳舞的汉字。空白处在句子中做状语，此处需要一个非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以使用know的过去分词形式known作后置定语。故填known。
22．They were fully entitled to ask him tough questions, (give) that he was a rule maker. 【答案】given
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们完全有权向他提出尖锐的问题，因为他是规则制定者。given that意为“考虑到，鉴于”，为固定搭配，此处应用过去分词given。故填given。
23．With the College Entrance Examination (approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted into key universities.
【答案】approaching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着高考的临近，我强烈建议我们应该珍惜时间，努力学习，考上重点大学。介词with后宾语the College Entrance Examination与approach之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填approaching。
24．The library is now a multimedia zone, (load) with information in many formats.
【答案】loaded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：图书馆现在是一个多媒体区，装载着多种格式的信息。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词The library和load之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填loaded。
25． (inspire) by my headteacher, I am determined to stick to my dream until I achieve it.
【答案】Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的班主任的鼓舞下，我决心坚持我的梦想，直到实现它。句中be determined to stick为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，句中I与inspire之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，句首单词首字母大写。故填Inspired。
26．With numerous places of interest, Beijing is a city (leave) a lasting impression on its visitors.
【答案】leaving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京有许多名胜古迹，是一座给游客留下深刻印象的城市。句中is为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，city与leave之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作后置定语。故填leaving。
27．The terrible earthquake struck Chile in 1960, (claim) 1,000 plus lives.
【答案】claiming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1960年，智利发生了可怕的地震，夺走了1000多人的生命。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用claim“使丧生，致命”的现在分词形式。故填claiming。
28．The movie (shoot) by a famous director last year has gained incredible popularity.
【答案】shot
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：去年由一位著名导演拍摄的这部电影获得了惊人的人气。本句已有谓语动词has gained，所以shoot用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语the movie之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填shot。
29．This soldier became the only one (escape) from the enemy.
【答案】to escape
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这个士兵成了唯一一个从敌人手中逃出来的人。句子中已经有谓语动词became，因此需要填入非谓语动词；代词one被the only修饰，所以用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to escape。
30．The house (hide) from sight behind some trees, was our destination.
【答案】hidden
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那座被一些树木遮挡住的房子是我们的目的地。本句已有谓语动词was，所以hide在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语the house之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填hidden。
31．The school organized a field trip, with all the expenses (sponsor) by a company. 【答案】sponsored
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校组织了一次实地考察，所有费用由一家公司赞助。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，空处应填非谓语动词，expenses与sponsor之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填sponsored。
32．He had his leg (break) while restoring the roof, which made everyone worried about him.
【答案】broken
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在修屋顶的时候摔断了腿，这让每个人都很担心他。have sth done为固定短语，使用过去分词作宾补结构，此处his leg与break之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。故填broken。
33．She walked through the garden, (shoot) a video of the beautiful blooms.
【答案】shooting
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：她走过花园，拍摄美丽花朵的视频。分析句子结构，主语是She，谓语部分是walked，shoot是非谓语动词，shoot和逻辑主语She之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填shooting。
34．The castle is located close to the sea, (surround) by tropical mountain forests. 【答案】surrounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：城堡靠近大海，被热带山林包围。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词surround与the castle之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词。故填surrounded。
35．Mr. Green is believed (do) an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
【答案】to have done
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：人们相信格林先生年轻时曾做过一个实验，以证明解决这个问题的新方法。sb. be believed to do“认为某人做某事”为固定句式，空处应填动词不定式形式，由when young可知，do这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故应用不定式的完成式。故填to have done。
36．Some of the schools in Shanghai have moved one step closer to (connect) with the global education community.
【答案】being connected
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：上海的一些学校已经迈出了与全球教育社区建立联系的更近一步。be connected with“与……有联系”为固定短语，介词to后be应用动名词形式。故填being connected。
37．The dog, properly (train), will be made a good watchdog.
【答案】trained
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这只狗，经过适当的训练，会成为一个好的看门狗。空处在句中为非谓语，动词train与其逻辑主语The dog构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词的形式作定语。故填trained。
38．When he woke up, he found himself (seat) on a chair, with his hands tied back.
【答案】seated
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：当他醒来时，他发现自己坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。空处在句中作宾语补足语，动词seat“使……就坐”与宾语himself构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词的形式。故填seated。
39． How could he get the plan (carry) out without any one to support him?
【答案】carried
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：在没有人支持的情况下，他怎能实施这个计划呢？空处在句中作宾语补足语，动词carry与宾语plan构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词的形式。故填carried。
40．Weather (permit), the Whites will have a picnic by the seaside this weekend.
【答案】permitting
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许，怀特夫妇本周末将在海边野餐。分析句子结构可知，逗号前面部分是独立主格结构，在句中做状语，weather与动词permit“允许”是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故填permitting。
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