专题三 第六讲 代词、冠词和介词-【勤径学升】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版2019）

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VW " !"¦D 0 ND 2?/+9+#+$& I@F`D~©P¦D 0 GH +#, 0 XY " # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +#, - "!% - 9.解析 考查副词。mean在此处是动词，应用副词修饰，所以 空处填 originally。 答案 originally 10.解析 考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词 homes,应用形 容词，所以空处填spacious。 答案 spacious 11.解析 考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应， 表示在设计和装饰方面更简单，所以空处填simpler。 答案 simpler [核心考点梳理] 考点一 即时演练 1.sharply 2.wealthy 3.gently 考点二 即时演练 1.largest 2.highest 3.better 4.smaller 5.lower 6.finest 即时演练 1.eventually 2.daily 3.undoubtedly [巩固训练冲关] 考点三 I.语法填空 [语篇导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以 在火星表面制造氧气的设备Moxie。 1.解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语has produced可知， 空处应为非谓语动词，与A small device之间为主动关系，作 结果状语，用现在分词形式。故填bringing。 答案 bringing 2.解析 考查冠词。空处应为冠词，修饰名词journal,特指《科 学发展》杂志，应用定冠词。故填 the。 答案 the 3.解析 考查副词。空处应为副词，修饰形容词 harsh,作状 语。故填extremely。 答案 extremely 4.解析 考查时态。空处为谓语动词，根据 found和句意可 知，应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填 continued。 答案 continued 5.解析 考查名词复数。根据动词 using可知，空处应用名 词，作宾语；resource表示“资源”,为可数名词，应用复数形 式。故填 resources。 答案 resources 6.解析 考查形容词。空处应为形容词原级，作表语； changeable为形容词，意为“易变的，可变化的”。故填 changeable。 答案 changeable 7.解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语动词is可知，空处应 用非谓语动词，作表语；主语是aim,一般用动词不定式作表 语，说明主语的内容。故填 to show。 答案 to show 8.解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制 性定语从句，修饰先行词 some special pumps,在从句中作主 语，应用关系代词which。故填 which。 答案 which 9.解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处应为谓语动词，根 据上一句的uses和下一句的is sent out及句意可知，应用一 般现在时，表示客观事实；heat可作动词，意为“加热”,与主 语The gas之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且谓语为第三 人称单数。故填 is heated。 答案 is heated 10.解析 考查介词。空处应为介词，后接名词短语a great achievement;动词短语 regard .⋯ as ⋯.意为“把⋯⋯视 为⋯⋯"。故填 as。 答案 as Ⅱ.写作运用 1.I'm more than delighted that you show such great interest in China 2.I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture 3.show you around some famous historical places of interest 4.Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can 专题三 不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词 第六讲 代词、冠词和介词 [高考真题感知] 1.解析 考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”,所以此处应用定 冠词。故填 the。 答案 the 2.解析 考查冠词。touch作名词时表示微量，a touch of为固 定搭配，表示“一点儿，少许”。 答案 a 3.解析 考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数 language,因此，空 处考虑使用冠词起限定作用，根据 language后的 used for the medical training instructions可知，此处表特指，所以空 处应该填定冠词 the。 答案 the 4.解析 考查冠词。此处特指草根北京人的文化，所以空处 填 the。 答案 the 5.解析 考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋 友",应用不定冠词，friend 以辅音音素开头，应用a。故 填A。 答案 A 6.解析 考查冠词。times在此表示“倍数",常用于“A+be +⋯times+the+size/length/height/⋯+of+B”结构，表示 “A是B的⋯⋯倍”。故填 the。 答案 the 7.解析 考查冠词。特指 International Tea Day这一节日，所 以用定冠词。故填 the。 答案 the 8.解析 考查代词。代词 one意为“一个人”,在 some of后应 用复数形式。故填 ones。 答案 ones 9.解析 考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词。 故填its。 答案 its 10.解析 考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词 their作定语， 修饰空后的名词contents,表示“不会使小笼包开裂，或者 溢出小笼包里的任何东西”。 答案 their 11.解析 考查代词。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。 故填its。 答案 its · 419· ·英语·WY 高考一轮总复习!英语! !" !7" VW " !"¦D 0 ªI«< +#'+-0-'0 . ,,#+(%+&#/2 8+,+#$*C,626$* . 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VW " !"0€% 0 N0€%&~XP0 ) ®‚Dƒ '0 . ) xyO@¥s¦D #/0# I '/+(/ 0 GH #/0# " '/+(/ 0 XY " #/0# # '/+(/ 7" VW " !"0€% 0 5,ƒ0€%<¥sD ) ‚Dƒ H0& : W+0&R) ) NE|}~0€%&-P0 ) LMZ ) @¥ s¦D '/$ z{ 0 GH '/$ 0 XY " # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # '/$ - *$% - 13.解析 考查代词。此处是说她的房子也反映了她自己，应 用反身代词herself。 12.解析 考查代词。与前面的 it will always stick in the [巩固训练冲关] visitor's memory 呼应，这里表示“It sure sticks in my I.语法填空 memory ”,因此，本空填名词性物主代词mine。 [语篇导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瓷器的发 展历史、制作工艺以及其在中国和世界经济文化交流中的重 要性。 答案 mine 答案 herself 14.解析 考查介词。空处指的是“作为”,应用介词 as。故 填as。 1.解析 考查名词。空前是形容词，所以空处应用名词作宾 语，process意为“过程”,为可数名词，根据a series of可知， 用复数形式。故填 processes。 答案 processes 答案 as 2.解析 考查连词。此处是固定搭配：both⋯and⋯意为“⋯⋯ 和⋯⋯都”。故填 and。15.解析 考查介词。固定短语 be similar to,意为“和⋯⋯相 似”。故填 to。 答案 and 答案 to 16.解析 考查介词。think to oneself为固定搭配，表示“心 想，暗想”,符合语境。故填 to。 3.解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语 从句，从句句意完整，用连接副词引导，根据句意，表达“⋯⋯ 的原因”之意，用 why引导。故填 why。 答案 to 答案 why 17.解析 考查介词。by hand“用手工”,是固定搭配。故 填by。 4.解析 考查形容词。空后是名词，所以空处应用形容词作定 语，根据句意，此处应用最高级。故填earliest。 答案 by 答案 earliest 18.解析 考查介词。from⋯to⋯为固定搭配，表示“从⋯⋯到 ⋯⋯"。 答案 to 5.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是 with引导的复合结构， processing techniques和mature之间是主动关系，应该用现 在分词形式。故填 maturing。 19.解析 考查介词。take responsibility for“对⋯⋯负责”,是 固定短语。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们 必须承担起拯救环境的责任。 答案 maturing 6.解析 考查介词。此处是固定搭配：in quantity意为“大量 地”。故填in。 答案 for 答案 in 20.解析 考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示北京作为中国 的首都，所以空处填as。 答案 as 7.解析 考查名词。空前是定冠词，所以空处应用名词作表 语，represent的名词形式是 representative意为“代表”,此处 为瓷器的代表，用单数形式。故填 representative。 答案 representative [核心考点梳理] 一、代词 8.解析 考查冠词。此处特指“中国古代劳动人民”,前应用定 冠词修饰。故填 the。 考点一 答案 the 即时演练 1.its 2.me 3.them 4.themselves 考点二 即时演练 9.解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。export 作本句谓语，和 主语porcelain之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据since可 知，用现在完成时，主语porcelain为第三人称单数。故填 has been exported。 1.it 2.It 3.it 4.it 答案 has been exported 考点三 10.解析 考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故 即时演练 填dramatically。 1.other 2.those 3.both 4.another 二、冠词 答案 dramatically Ⅱ.写作运用 考点一 1.How is everything going 即时演练 2.which is easy for you to understand 1.the 2.a 3.a 4.the 3.including a fascinating collection of masterpieces 考点二 4.you will have a good knowledge of this form of art 即时演练 5.give it a try 1.the 2.the 3.a 4.a 5.the 6.I hope you wll like the book and find it helpful 三、介词 专题四 理清常用句式并列句、三大从句和特殊句式 考点一 第七讲 定语从句 即时演练 [高考真题感知] 1.by 2.in 3.by 4.by 5.Without 考点二 即时演练 1.解析 考查定语从句。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为 way,所以应用关系代词 that或 which。故填 that/which。 答案 that/which 1.as 2.from 3.on 4.on 5.of 考点三 即时演练 2.解析 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句的关系词，先行词为 Tang Xianzu,在非限制性定语从句中作主语，表示人，用关 系代词 who引导。故填 who。 答案 who · 420· 1.with 2.to 3.for 4.from 5.to · ·WY 回高考一轮总复习·英语，WY using 5. (resource)on the surface of Mars Ⅱ，写作运用 and transforming them chemically into something 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中形容词和 useful for a human mission,"Jeffrey Hoffman,a 副词的使用。 retired astronaut,said. Dear David. "The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent I've learned it from the Internet that you want carbon dioxide and much more 6. to make friends with a Chinese student so as to (change)than on Earth and the temperature can learn the Chinese language and culture.1. vary by 100 degrees,”Hoffman said..“One aim is (我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and 7. show we can run Moxie in all I would like to be your friend. sCas0ns.” 2. (我将尽可能地经常给你 The device,Moxie,uses some special pumps, 写信介绍中国文化).When you have an 8. take in carbon dioxide.The gas opportunity to come to China,I'll teach you how 9. (heat)to 800'C and pressed to separate to speak Chinese and 3. (带你参 the carbon and oxygen.Carbon monoxide is sent 观一些著名的历史名胜).4. out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind. (无论如何，我将尽可能多地帮助你).How do you Despite the challenges,Moxie has proved think☒ durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and I'm looking forward to your reply. scientists regard the test results 10. Yours sincerely, great achievement. Li Hua 专题三不可忽视的小词一代词、冠词和介词 近几年，高考对不可忽视的小词（冠词、代词和介词）的考查主要集中在其基本用法上，因此这类试题 一般较为简单。考生在解题时要牢记：根据语境，句意判断人称和数，仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代 的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格；冠词经常考查不定冠词a、an的泛指和定冠词the的特指及固 定搭配：介词的固定搭配是解答介词相关题目的关键 第六讲 代词、冠词和介词 高考真题感知 [对应客案P41] 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Then,when you use one section, 语法填空“二”谨记 other stays fresh. 1.根据泛指或特指选择冠词 2.(2023·新高考l卷)The meat should be fresh with touch 如果空格后的名词或“形 of sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot,clear and delicious. 容词十名词”前设有形容词性 3.(2023·新高考l卷)Not the panda5,even though language 物主代词、不定代词、名词所 used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 4.(2023,浙红卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class 有格或指示代词等限定词时 冠词 culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace. 很可能填冠词。 and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect 2.根据固定句式或固定搭配 culture of grassroot Beijingers. 选择冠词 5.(2022·金国甲卷) friend of his,Wu Fan. 英语中有很多带有冠词 volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 的固定句式或短语，记住这些 6.(2022·新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times 句式和短语也有利于解决此 size of Yellowstone National Park.the GPNP will be 类问题。 one of the first national parks in the country. 254 语法回 续表 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拔 7.(2022· 全国乙卷)May2 Ist this year marks the first 语法填空“二”谨记 International Tea Day,which was named officially by the 1.熟记常用的不定代词，如 United Nations on November 27th,2019.To celebrate one,all,both、either、neither、 festival,a number of events took place at the Chinese each、many、much,little,few Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. other、another,nothing等。 8.(2024·断江1月卷)Who knows,perhaps some of the more 2.人称、物主、反身代词：“成 forward-looking (one)may yet come out with a whole 分”是关键 range of "just for you"pack sizes with special offers as well. (1)如果句中缺少主语，则 9.(2024·全国甲卷)This area,with (it)unique and 用人称代词的主格： breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved for all (2)如果句中缺少宾语或表 people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park. 语，则用人称代词的宾格： 代词 10.(2023·新高考I卷)Nanxiang aside,the best xiao long bao have a (3)如果句中缺少定语，则 fine skin,allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket 用形容词性物主代词： without tearing or spilling any of (they)contents. (4)如果宾语或表语又反射 1L.(2o22·全回乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was 到句中的主语，则用反身 officially unveiled(at the ceremony,opening (it) 代词。 first exhibition:The Avenue of Truth-A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. 12.(2021·新高考I卷)As the song goes,this long and winding road"will never disappear",and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in (I). l3.(2021·浙江卷)She was extremely pretty,and her house was a reflection of (she),everything in good taste and in perfect order. 14.(2024·新课标Iw)The Glasshouse stands a great “四种方法”确定介词 achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the 1.根据介词短语与谓语的逻 southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing( 辑关系。 )the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants 2.根据语境含义并结合介词 from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 用法 richness of gardening in England. 3.根据特殊的结构关系，如接 l5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The 复合宾语就只能用with或 Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways without. Romeo and Fuliet. 4.根据介词与动词、形容词、 16.(2024·北京w)1 thought myself,“Why would he 名词等的搭配。 carry all his books? 介词 17.(2023·新高考I卷)There,you'll find them prepared differently-more dumpling and less soup-and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled. 18.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutongs royal palaces,it is home to more than 3.000 years of glorious history even down to its layout. with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. l9.(2023·全国甲w)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society.and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment. 20.(2023·浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history the capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic events. 255是 回高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 气核心考点梳理 [对应客案PM20] 一、代词 考点一人称代词、物主代词，反身代词 [即时演练 1.基本用法 单句语法填空 1.(2021·全画乙卷)Ecotourism has (it) 人称代词 物主代词 类别 反身代词 origin with the environmental movement of 主格宾格 形容词性名词性 主语、 宾语、 the 1970s. 宾语 功能 主语 定语 表语 表语， 2."I loved piecing information together uncovered 表语 宾语 同位语 in books,archaeological studies and other 第 单数 me my mine myself resource materials.It was like a detective's 人称 复数 we our ours ourselves work for (I),”says Wu Xuan,30, 第二 单数 you you your yours yourself now a director of China Media Group. 人称 复数 3.Yet the teenage dream seems to conflict with the you you your yours yourselves experience of real life;when the same question he him his his himself was put to 18-and 19-year-olds,almost half of 第三 单数 she her her hers herself (they)replied that teenagers should 人称 it its its itself not leave home before the age of 18. 复数 they them their theirs themselves 4.It can therefore be useful for people to learn and 2.反身代词的习惯用法 practice martial arts to be able to physical defend (they). by oneself(独自地) 与介词 for oneself(替自己：为自己) 考点二t的用法 搭配 of oneself(自动地) 1,it的基本用法 in oneself(本质上：本身) 用法 例句 apply oneself to(专心致志于) It is early spring,but it behave oneself(举止得体) 指天气、季节、时 is already hot. dress oneself(打扮：自己穿衣) 间、距离、环境等 现在是初春，但是天气已 与动词 devote oneself to(致力于；献身于) 经很热了。 搭配 help oneself to(随便吃用) enjoy oneself(玩得痛快) 指代前面提过的事 That vase is valuable.It is 物、群体、想法、内 more than 200 years old. seat oneself(就座：入席) 容等或代替指示 那个花瓶很贵重，它有 make yourself at home(别拘束) 代词 200多年的历史。 256 语法回 续表 3.t的常用短语或句型 When it comes to learning English,reading 用法 例句 widely is of great importance. 指不知性别的婴儿 The baby cried because 当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。 或身份不明确的人 it was hungry. You can count on/rely on'depend on it that he (由于某种原因而 这个婴儿饿得席哭。 will help you out. 不知对方是谁) 你可以相信他能帮助你摆脱困境。 I have made it clear that it用来代替不定 I can't help it if he is always complaining. nobody is allowed to 式、动名词短语或 若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。 smoke here. 名词性从句作形式 We finally made it to the airport though it was 我已经说得很清楚了，不 主语或形式宾语 rainy. 允许任何人在此吸烟。 尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。 2.t作形式主语或形式宾语的常用句型 As someone puts it.practice makes perfect. It is a pity/shame that.(真可借…) 正如某人所说，熟能生巧。 It is no wonder that.(难怪…) Please see to it that you fasten the safety belt It seems/.appears that.,(似乎/看来…) when driving. It looks/seems as if as though... 开车时确保系好安全带 起来好像…) I take it that you don't agree with the manager. It happens that.(碰巧…) 我想你不同意经理的意见 It occurs to/comes to/strikes hits sb. It is has been three years since he joined the it作形 that…(某人突然想起…) army. 式主语 It is said/reported that(据说/据报 他参军已经三年了。 道…） It was three years before he returned home. 过了三年他才回家。 It is certain that…(…是一定的) [即时演练 It is no use good doing(做…没 单句语法填空 有用1好处) 1.Besides,almost every country has made It takes sb.some time to do.(做… a must that students learn English in 需要某人若干时间) colleges. 2 takes more than three hours of driving “主语+think/,believe/,suppose/consider/ on the mountain roads to get there,and the feel make/keep...+it+adj.n.+for/of journey requires driving skills and courage. sb.todo…/that从句” 3.Every new year in the heartland of industrial it作形 “主i语+think/believe/suppose/consider/ China,thousands upon thousands of motor- 式宾语 feel.'make/keep...+it+useless/worth/ cyclists brave the weather and hit the road. determined to make home. worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste 4.However,the railway quickly proved to be a of time/money energy...+doing..." great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using every day. 257® 回高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 考点三不定代词 3.both、all,either、any、neither和none的用法 l.other、.the other、another、others和the others的用法 范围 都 任一 都不 不能单独使用，常与复数名词连用， 两者 both either neither 如果前面有the、some、any,eacb、 other every、no以及形容词性物主代词 三者或三者以上 all any none 时，也可与可数名词单数连用。 4.something、,anything和nothing的用法 表示泛指，相当于“other十复数名 others 词”，可构成some...others…,意为 不定代词 句式 意义 一些……另一些…”。 肯定句 某事，某物 something “the other十可数名词单数”特指 疑问句 某事，某物 两者中的另一个，可构成one…he 条件句、否定句、 other.,意为“一个…另一个…” 任何东西（事物） the other/ anything 疑问句 the other的复数形式为the others the others 或“the other十复数名词”，特指在 肯定句 任何东西（事物） 某些人或物中，除去一部分后，其 nothing 陈述句 没有一点儿东西 余的人或物。 名师点津 指三者或三者以上中的另一个，表 固定搭配：anything but(根本不)、nothing 示泛指，后接可数名词单数：也可 another but(只不过，仅仅)、all but(差不多)、none but 以用于“another十数词十可数名 词复数”表示“另外几个…”。 (仅仅，只有)。everything意为“每件事物，所 有事物”，强调整体，与ot连用时表示部分否 2.one(s)、that和those的用法 定，意为“并不是所有事物都…”。 在文中为避免重复，one(s),that和those等都 可以用来代替上文出现的名词。 [即时演练] one代替的是前面提到 单句语法填空 的同类异物中的任何一 1.Just an hour after completing her first aid 个，相当于“aan十可数 one(s) course.Mamta was waiting at a bus stop when 名词单数”：ones用来 aan十可数名 she heard a crash and saw a motorcyclist flying 代替前面出现的可数名 词单数=one: 词复数，也表泛指。 through the air-his helmet was going one way the十可数名 and his motorbike the 4 代替前面提到的同类异 词单数 2.However.quite a few others,especially 物中特指的事物，所代 that/the one; 替的名词可以是可数名 the+不可数 in the countryside,would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have "Double Happiness". that 词单数，也可以是不可 名词=that: the十可数名 3.And the hutong today is fading into the shade 数名词，其前面通常不 for 能有修饰语，但可以有 词复数=the tourists and local people. 后置定语。 ones/those: 4.As far as I am concerned,cycling is a good solution. 可数名词复数 For one thing,bicycles don't need any petrol and 代替前面提到的同类异 =ones they are energy-saving.For bicycles are 物中特指的事物，只能 those environmentally friendly because they won't give off 指代可数名词复数，相 waste gas. 当于the ones, 258 语法回 二、冠词 考点一冠词的基本用法 The operation is a success and the patient is now l.不定冠词a、an out of danger. (1)在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音 手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。 2.定冠词the 以元音音素开头的单词前用an。如a (1)特指某人或某事。 university,a useful animal,a European car,an The village where I was born has taken on a new hour、an honest boy,anX-ray、an ugly man、an look in the past ten years. honor等. 在过去十年里，我出生的那个小村庄已经垦现出 Judging from his words,he must be an 新的面貌。 honest man. (2)用于序数词和形容词副词最高级以及形容 从他的话判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。 i词(only、very、same等)之前。 As is known to us,Russia is a European country. As is known to all,China is the biggest developing 众所周知，俄罗斯是一个欧洲国家。 country in the world. (2)不定冠词aan放在可数名词单数前，泛指一 众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 个人或一个事物。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into They found an apartment in America where they space in China. lived only half a year. 杨利伟是中国第一个登上太空的人 他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅 (3)在某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或在姓氏 半年。 复数前表示一家人。 (3)表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时 As far as I know,the Greens are going to move 通常用不定冠词。 to Beijing. It was a cold winter night and the moon was 据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。 shining brightly. (4)用在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及 那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。 发明物的名词前。 (4)表示数量。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但 The little girl likes to play the violin and often 数的概念没有one强烈。 plays it after school. As the old saying goes,"Rome was not built in 这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。 aday.” (5)用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour、by 常言道：“伟业非一日之功。” the day,by the week,by the dozen,by the yard (5)不定冠词a,'an表示“某一个”，相当于some'a 等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词时， certain. 之前不用冠词，如by weight、.by height等。 A Mr Brown came to see you just now. As far as I know,he will get paid by the week. 刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。 据我所知，他会按周得到报酬。 (6)“a/an十序数词”表示“又一，再一”，“a most (6)用于the more.the more.(越…越……) 十形容词”表示“非常，很”。 结构中。 I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an.It's indeed The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you worth a second visit. will make. 我真的喜欢待在西安，它的确值得再次参观。 你越仔细，犯的错误就会越少。 He put forward a most useful suggestion at the [即时演练] meeting. 单句语法填空 在会议上他提出了一个非常实用的建议 1.(2021·全国乙卷)D九ueto growing (7)在success、failure、surprise、pleasure、 popularity of environmentally-related and adventure beauty,wonder、.comfort,danger、shock等抽象 travel,various types of trips are now being classified 名词前表示“一个…的人，一件…的事”。 as ecotourism. 259型 回高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 2.(2o21·新高考I卷)While you'rein(China,Mount 3.零冠词用于固定短语中 Huangshan is must to visit! on purpose 故意地 3.(2o20·浙江卷)A child born in the US today by chance 碰巧 has very realistie chance of living catch/on fire 着火 beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. at dawn/dusk 在黎明/黄昏 1.Every summer in ancient Hangzhou. face to face 面对面地 capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty,each in debt 负债 family cooked a new tea called Qijia tea. in fact 实际上 primarily together with fine fruits of various make room for 给…让出空间 out of date 过时的 colors. heart and soul 全心全意地 考点二固定搭配中的冠词 in danger 在危险中 1,不定冠词用于固定短语中 in return 作为回报 at a loss 不知所措：闲惑 side by side 肩并肩地 have a word with 与…谈话 from time to time 不时地 all of a sudden 突然 hand in hand 手拉手 in a hurry 匆忙地 day after day 天天地：日复一日地 as a rule 通常 day by day 一天天；渐渐地 pay a visit to 参观：拜访 out of place 不合适 as a matter of fact 事实上 on foot 步行 as a result/consequence 因此 in place 在正确位置 be on a diet 节食 4.冠词有无，意义不同 have a gift/talent for 在某方面有天赋 in charge of(负责) vs in the charge of .. have/catch a cold 感冒 (由…负责)： make a living 谋生 at table(在吃饭)vs at the table(在桌旁)： have/take a rest 休息 out of question(毫无疑问，没问题)vs out of 从某种意义上说 the question(不可能)： in a way by day(在白天)vs by the day(按天计算). give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车 do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙 即时演练 keep an eye on 留心 单句语法填空 2.定冠词用于固定短语中 1.(2021·金国甲卷)It took us about3 hours to g0 all at the moment 此刻：目前 way around the Xi'an City Wall. at the same time 同时 2.(2020·浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then,with rise of not in the least 一点儿也不 science.changes began. on the contrary 相反 3.In a sometimes callous(冷漠的)world where people in the end 最后：最终 can be so focused on what they're doing,a random on the whole 总的来说 act of kindness can make difference. to tell the truth 说实话 4.The data from this extreme weather station is in the distance 在远处 enabling scientists to directly keep on the other hand 另一方面 close eye on the jet stream and understand how to the point 中肯：切题 Himalayan climate is changing. make the most of 充分利用 5.In China,food deliverymen are always in a rush on by the way 顺便说一下 the road regardless of wind or rain.Though they go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧 make our life more convenient.this can come at in the middle of 在…中间 cost of their life. ③260 语法回 三、介词 考点一常考介词 Her parents always talk to her in German. l.at,in、on表示“时间” 她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。 (1)at表示某一时刻。 (3)wh表示“使用（某种具体的工具、手段等）”。 We see with our eyes,hear with our ears.and at12:00(在12点)、at noon(在中午)、at night walk with our legs. (在夜里)、at midnight(在半夜)、at dawn 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 daybreak(在黎明/破晓)、at sunrise sunset(在日 5.ab0ut、on表示“关于” 出/日落)，at dusk(在黄昏) about多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的 (2)n指上午，下午及晚上或月、年等较长的 情形：on多指内容属于专门性的，是严肃的或学术 时间： 性的。有时两者可通用。 in the1980s(在20世纪80年代)、in the Qing He gave a report about.'on the international Dynasty(在清朝)、in October(在十月份)、in the situation at the meeting. norning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上) 他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。 (3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间 6.from、since表示时间 (如某日、某节日、星期几等)。 (1)from表示开始的时间，意为“从…开始”， on October Ist(在l0月1号)，on a rainy day(在 多用于“from…to.till”结构中。 一个下雨天)，on the National Day(在国庆节)、 We work from Monday to Friday every week. on the morning of」uly3rd(在7月3号上午) 我们每周从周一工作到周五。 2.by、before、after、until/till、during,within表示 (2)since表示“自…以后，从…以来”。 时间 I haven't heard from him since last year. (1)by(到…时为止) 自从去年，我就没有收到过他的来信。 (2)before(在…以前) 7.with的常见用法 (3)after(在…后) 和…一起（表示关系）：具有，带有（表示状 (4)until till(直到…为止) 态)：用…，凭借…（表示方式）：由于，因为（表 (5)during(在…期间) 示原因)。 (6)within(在…之内) Would you like to go to the theatre with us? He often falls asleep during the class,which 你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？ makes his teacher very angry. The small child trembled with fear. 他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。 那个小孩吓得打哆嗦 3.between、among表示“在…之间” 8.for的用法 between表示“在…之间（两者之间）”，常和 表示“为了：给，对（表示对象、用途等）：因为， and连用：among表示“在…之间（三者或三者以 由于：向，往（表示去向）：就…而言”。 上)” The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of This is just between you and me. public education. 这事只限我们两人知道 我们大多数人最关心的是公共教有的质量问题。 4.by、n、in、with表示“使用…工具、手段、方式 9.without的用法 等” 表示“没有，缺乏：不和…在一起：不用，不 (1)by/on表示“乘、坐（交通工具）通过…方式”。 拿，不带”。 by bike(骑自行车)，by taxi(坐出租车)，by plane It is a pity that David is away on business. (乘飞机)、by ship(乘船)、go to school on one's Anyhow,you've got a great deal of time to tour bike(骑自行车上学)，on foot(步行) in New York without him. (2)n当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等 很遗感，戴维出差了。不管怎样，你有大量时间 的词。 在没有他的情况下游览纽约。 261型 回高考一轮总复习·英语·WY l0,against的用法 2.by+名词 倚靠着…（表示方位）：反对（表示态度）： by accident 偶然地 以…为背景（表示对比）。 by chance 偶然地 An agreement seems to be impossible because the by force 用暴力 majority of the committee members are against it. by hand 手工地 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员 by mistake 错误地 会成员都表示反对。 by the month 按月算 11.beyond的用法 3.beyond十名词 在…另一边，在…更远处（表示位置）：超 beyond comparison 无与伦比 出，非…所能及（表示程度）。 beyond control 失控 Everybody was touched beyond words after they beyond description 难以描述 heard her moving story. beyond doubt 毋庸置疑 听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。 beyond expression 难以表达 [即时演练 beyond(one's)reach 够不到 单句语法填空 4.in十名词 l.(2022·全国乙卷)May21 st this year marks the in bed 在床上：卧床 first International Tea Day,which was named in danger 处于危险中 officially the United Nations on in debt 负债 November 27th,2019. in difficulty 处于困难中 2.(2021·全国甲卷)1 t was built originally to in high spirits 情绪高昂 protect the city the Tang dynasty and in need 处于困难中 has now been completely restored(修复). in order 整齐：井然有序 3.(2021·断江w)The study found that between in surprise 吃惊地 1985 and 2017,average rural BMI increased in trouble 在困难中 2.I in women and men. in use 使用中 4.(2020·浙江卷)This aging of the population is 5.0n十名词 driven two factors. on a trip 在旅行 5.The bridges over rivers are certainly essential on business 出差 for the local people,for they allow people living on display/show 在展出 in these remote areas to travel to different on duty 在值班 areas. the bridges,access to essential on holiday/vacation 在度假 services. medical【reatment and school on sale 在出售 education would be extremely difficult. on strike 在罢工 考点二 介词短语 on the way 在途中 1.at+名词 6.out of-+名词 at a loss 不知所措 out of balance 失去平衡 at dinner 在吃晚餐 out of control 失去控制 at peace 处于和平状态 out of danger 脱离危险 at dawn 在黎明 out of date 过期 at war 在战争中 out of order 出故障 at work 在工作 out of work 失业 262 语法回 7.under-十名词 5.It was great importance in uniting the under consideration 在考虑中 Chinese people and culture. under construction 在建造中 考点三动词短语中的介词 under control 在控制之下 1.常考的含介词的动词固定结构和搭配 under discussion 在讨论中 (1)用于“动词十sb./sth.+of+sth.”结构的常 under pressure 在压力下 在修理中 见动词：accuse(控告)、cheat(欺骗)、cure(治 under repair 在治疗中 愈)、inform(通知)，remind(使想起)、rob(抢劫)、 under treatment 8.其他高频介词短语 warn(警告)、rid(使摆脱)、suspect(怀疑)、 against time 争分夺秒 persuade(说服)、convince(使信服)。 at the sight of 一看到… You need to convince them of your enthusiasm at the age of 在…岁时 for the job. in the face of 面对：面临 你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情 in addition(to) 另外：除了 (2)用于“动词+sb./sth.十for十sth.”结构的常 in case of 万一 见动词：blame(责备)、eriticize(批评)、forgive in charge of 负责：主管 (原谅)，excuse(原谅)、pardon(原谅)、punish(惩 in favour of 赞成：支持 罚)、scold(责备)，thank(感谢)、praise(赞扬)、 in need of 需要 respect(尊重)、admire(钦佩：赞赏)。 in no time 立刻 The school is widely admired for its excellent in a hurry 匆忙 teaching in preparation for 为…做准备 这所学校因其出色的教学而广受赞誉。 in return for 作为回报 (3)用于“动词+sb.sth.+from十(doing)sth.” of help/use 有帮助的/有用的 结构的常见动词：prevent(阻止)、stop(阻止)、 of importance 重要的 keep(阻止)、proteet(保护)、preserve(保护：保 on behalf of 代表 存)、defend(保卫)、ban(禁止)，prohibit(阻止：禁 [即时演练] 止)、shelter(保护). 单句语法填空 You need warm clothes to protect yourself from 1.(2022·新高考I卷)Giant pandas also0 serve the cold. an umbrella species(物种)，bringing 你需要穿暖些，以免着凉 protection to a host of plants and animals in the 2.常考的含介词的动词短语 southwestern and northwestern parts of China. account for 占…（比例）：解释…（原 2.(2022·全国甲w)He1ew4,700 kilometers 因) Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, act as 充当：起作用 planning to hike back to Xian in five months. 3.(2o20·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was finally humbled break away from 脱离：逃离 (谦卑)by the greatest artist earth.Mother break down 打破，消除 Nature. break up 粉碎：破碎：解散 4.They noted that as China builds itself into a bring about 引起：导致：造成 strong sporting nation and health awareness is bring down 降低：减少：使（飞机）着陆 the increase,more and more people bring up 提出（讨论）：抚养，养育 start to take part in sports and activities like call for (去)接：需要：（公开）要求 ultimate Frisbee during their spare time. carry out 履行：实施：执行 263⑧