专题二 第五讲 形容词和副词-【勤径学升】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版2019）

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VW " !"¦D 0 ND 2?/+9+#+$& I@F`D~©P¦D 0 GH +#, 0 XY " # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # +#, - "!% - 9.解析 考查副词。mean在此处是动词，应用副词修饰，所以 空处填 originally。 答案 originally 10.解析 考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词 homes,应用形 容词，所以空处填spacious。 答案 spacious 11.解析 考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应， 表示在设计和装饰方面更简单，所以空处填simpler。 答案 simpler [核心考点梳理] 考点一 即时演练 1.sharply 2.wealthy 3.gently 考点二 即时演练 1.largest 2.highest 3.better 4.smaller 5.lower 6.finest 即时演练 1.eventually 2.daily 3.undoubtedly [巩固训练冲关] 考点三 I.语法填空 [语篇导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以 在火星表面制造氧气的设备Moxie。 1.解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语has produced可知， 空处应为非谓语动词，与A small device之间为主动关系，作 结果状语，用现在分词形式。故填bringing。 答案 bringing 2.解析 考查冠词。空处应为冠词，修饰名词journal,特指《科 学发展》杂志，应用定冠词。故填 the。 答案 the 3.解析 考查副词。空处应为副词，修饰形容词 harsh,作状 语。故填extremely。 答案 extremely 4.解析 考查时态。空处为谓语动词，根据 found和句意可 知，应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填 continued。 答案 continued 5.解析 考查名词复数。根据动词 using可知，空处应用名 词，作宾语；resource表示“资源”,为可数名词，应用复数形 式。故填 resources。 答案 resources 6.解析 考查形容词。空处应为形容词原级，作表语； changeable为形容词，意为“易变的，可变化的”。故填 changeable。 答案 changeable 7.解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语动词is可知，空处应 用非谓语动词，作表语；主语是aim,一般用动词不定式作表 语，说明主语的内容。故填 to show。 答案 to show 8.解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制 性定语从句，修饰先行词 some special pumps,在从句中作主 语，应用关系代词which。故填 which。 答案 which 9.解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处应为谓语动词，根 据上一句的uses和下一句的is sent out及句意可知，应用一 般现在时，表示客观事实；heat可作动词，意为“加热”,与主 语The gas之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且谓语为第三 人称单数。故填 is heated。 答案 is heated 10.解析 考查介词。空处应为介词，后接名词短语a great achievement;动词短语 regard .⋯ as ⋯.意为“把⋯⋯视 为⋯⋯"。故填 as。 答案 as Ⅱ.写作运用 1.I'm more than delighted that you show such great interest in China 2.I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture 3.show you around some famous historical places of interest 4.Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can 专题三 不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词 第六讲 代词、冠词和介词 [高考真题感知] 1.解析 考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”,所以此处应用定 冠词。故填 the。 答案 the 2.解析 考查冠词。touch作名词时表示微量，a touch of为固 定搭配，表示“一点儿，少许”。 答案 a 3.解析 考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数 language,因此，空 处考虑使用冠词起限定作用，根据 language后的 used for the medical training instructions可知，此处表特指，所以空 处应该填定冠词 the。 答案 the 4.解析 考查冠词。此处特指草根北京人的文化，所以空处 填 the。 答案 the 5.解析 考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋 友",应用不定冠词，friend 以辅音音素开头，应用a。故 填A。 答案 A 6.解析 考查冠词。times在此表示“倍数",常用于“A+be +⋯times+the+size/length/height/⋯+of+B”结构，表示 “A是B的⋯⋯倍”。故填 the。 答案 the 7.解析 考查冠词。特指 International Tea Day这一节日，所 以用定冠词。故填 the。 答案 the 8.解析 考查代词。代词 one意为“一个人”,在 some of后应 用复数形式。故填 ones。 答案 ones 9.解析 考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词。 故填its。 答案 its 10.解析 考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词 their作定语， 修饰空后的名词contents,表示“不会使小笼包开裂，或者 溢出小笼包里的任何东西”。 答案 their 11.解析 考查代词。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。 故填its。 答案 its · 419· ·英语·WY 语法回 第五讲 形容词和副词 高考真题感知 [对应答案P418 高考真题练 微技能点拨 l.(2024·新课标I卷)n cold weather,the structure stays (close)to 语法填空“六”谨记 protect the plants. 1.看到空格处修饰的 2.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the large)United States 是名词，要想到用 national park-2.2 million acres-until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern 形容词。 Alaska,which became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 2.看到空格处修饰的 3.(2023·新高考全国【卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing 是动词、形容词、副 constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, (taste)soup 词或整个句子，要 and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 想到用副词。 4.(2o23·新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer 3.看到与than连用， basket is (rare)enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always 要想到用形容词或 left wanting more next time. 副词的比较级。 5,(2023·新高考I卷)Since June20l7,right before the arrival of the two new pandas.MengMeng and Jiao Qing.I have been helping the panda keepers at 4.看到定冠词the,要 the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence)speaking English. 想到用最高级。 6.(2023·新高考l卷)So,what are they learning? (basic）,how to 5.看到and,or,but等 describe a panda's life. 并列连词前或后用 7.(2023·全国乙卷)The (remark)development of this city.which is 的比较级，要想到 consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern 用比较级。 world,means there is always something new to discover here,and I could be 6.看到语境中暗含比 photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 8.(2023·全国甲卷) (difference)from traditional fables,Carson's 较含义，要想到用 story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 比较级（二者之间） 9.(2023·浙江卷)The term“hutong'”, (original)meaning "water 或最高级（三者及 well"in Mongolian.appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 以上)。 lO.(2023·浙江卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly,.lined by (space)homes and walled gardens. 11.(2023·断江w)Their siheyuans were far smaller in scale and (simple)in design and decoration,and the hutongs were narrower. 核心考点梳理 [对应答案P419 考点一 形容词与副词的基本用法 和家人团聚，聊起过去的时光其是一件美妙 L.形容词和副词的句法功能 的事。 Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may 词性 功能 seem strange,but they are important. 在句中作定语、表语、补语和状语（说 一些文化用餐礼仪可能看起来很奇怪，但很 形容词 明主语的状态、性质和特征等) 重要。 在句中作状语，修饰动词（短语）、形 The aim of education is to teach young people to 副词 think for themselves and not follow others 容词、副词、介词短语和句子等 blindly. It's a wonderful thing to be back together with 教育的目的是要教会年轻人独立思考，不要盲目 my family and talk of the old times. 地听从他人。 249® 回高考一轮总复习·英语，WY 名师点津 [即时演练] 有些副词如fortunately、luckily,surprisingly、 单句语法填空 honestly,actually,personally,obviously 1.(202I·浙江卷)But30 years later,.the BM 评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句 difference between urban and rural people in 子进行说明或解稀，表示说话人的态度与看 many countries had narrowed (sharp). 法。通常置于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 2.(2020·新高考全国I卷)In the18 th and19th centuries. Obviously,a good habit can help us to speed (wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art. up to reach our destinations. 3.Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench. 很明显，一个好的习惯可以帮助我们加速到 hands trembling as he (gentle)placed 达目的地。 his fingers on the keys. 2.常用的连接性副词 考点二比较级和最高级的用法 高考对形容词和副词的比较等级的考查主要 though一般用于句末， yet置于句首，意为 体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较 意为“然而，可是”，表示 “但是，然而”，表示 意义的语境，推出用比较级或最高级：二是考查 转折 转折 些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。 1.等级用法的固定句型 however 意为“然 meanwhile意为“在此 (1)同级比较：“as十形容词副词的原级十as”; 而”，表示让步和转 期间”，表示两个动作同 其否定形式：“not as/so十形容词，刷词的原级十 折，常用逗号与句子 时发生 as”。 其他成分隔开 Although he was disabled,he tried to lead as therefore/consequently/ instead意为“反而， normal a life as possible. thus意为“因此，所以” 代替”，表示相对的 虽然他是残疾人，但他努力过上尽可能正常的 表示结果 情况 生活。 (2)比较级：“形容词/副词的比较级十than” moreover/furthermore. anyway.'anyhow意 “more,less十多音节或某些双音节的形容词或 additionally/besides意为 为“无论如何，即使 副词十than”。常见的修饰比较级的词汇有any、 “此外”，表示递进 这样”，表示让步 much,even,far,by far、alot,a great deal等， The book is far more interesting than the books I A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the have ever read. damage it caused had driven away a number of 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了 birds.Besides,the number of snakes had (3)最高级：“the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+ declined as well. 比较范围(in/of/among短语)”“one of the十形 那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水 容词的最高级十名词的复数形式”。常用来修饰 造成的损失赶走了许多鸟类。此外，蛇的数量也 最高级的词汇有by far、almost以及序数词等。 减少了。 Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best Jim tried his best.However.he failed the test. possible education. 吉姆尽力了，然而还是没有通过考试。 雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。 ®250 语法回 名师点津 Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller one,which is very easy for me to carry. (1)规则变化 这两个照相机中，我更喜欢较小的一个，对我来 词形类别 变化构成 原极 比较级 最高级 说它容易携带。 tall taller tallest 一校加er发-s 3.比较级形式表达最高级的含义 long longer longest (1)“否定词+比较级”“否定词十such/soas”, 以-e结尾的，只 nice nicer nicest 表示最高级含义。 fine finer f日e4I Your story is perfect.I've never heard a better 单音节 以堂续闲青节站 胡和少 big big灯 big果est one before. 见庄末尾只有 你的故事太完美了。我从来没有听过比这更好 数双音 个辅音字母的，兔 hot hotter hottest 听的故事。 节 双写被辅香字哮 (2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级 fatter fattest 再加er轰st 含义： 以“辅音宇号十y” happy happier happiest ①比较级十thn十any other十可数名词单数 站尾的，先支y为 ②比较级十than十all the other+可数名词复数 再加cr或 ensy easier ③比较级+than十any of the other十可数名 其他双 more most difficult 词复数 音节词 在算面如mre difficult difficult The Yangtze River is longer than any other 和多音 less least river/than all the other rivers/than any of the 节词 beauufull beautiful other rivers in China. (2)不规则变化 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 原级 比较级 最高级 4.倍数表达法 good/well hetter hest 常见的倍数表达句型主要有： bad/ill/badly worse worst (1)A十is十倍数十比较级十than十B many./much more most (2)A十is十倍数十as十原级十as+B old older elder oldest/eldest (3)A十is+倍数十the+名词(size.'length/height/,.) little less least +of+B farther(具体) arthest(具体) (4)The+名词(size /length height,)+of+A far further(抽象) furthest(拾象) +is+倍数+that+of+B (5)A十is十倍数+what引导的名词性从句 2.含有比较级的常用句型 Smoking is harmful to people's health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. (1)“比较级十and+比较级”“more and more-十 吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交 原级”，表示“越米越…”。 通事故的多7倍。 Holiday flight tickets are getting more and more [即时演练] cheap. 单句语法填空 假期的机票越米越便宜了。 1.(2022·全田乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and (2)“the十比较级，the十比较级”，意为“越…， the large)tea-producing country, 就越…”。 China has a responsibility to work with other The more you listen and read,the better you countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. speak and write. 2.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years.Cao has 你听得越多，读得越多，你的口语和写作就越好。 walked through 34 countries in six continents, (3)“the十比较级十of(the)十名词'代词”，表示 and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, “(两者中)较…的”。 Africa's (high)mountain. 251盈 回高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 3.(2021·全回甲卷)After spending some time 续表 looking at all the defensive equipment at the 类别 例词 wall,we decided it was time for some action and 词尾的 confidenceconfident, what (good)than to ride on a piece of ce变为-t difference--different history! 4.(2021·浙江w)When the house was built,it music musical. person was much (small)than it is today. 词尾 personal,nation--national, 5.(2021·浙江卷)This may be due to some 加-al education-educational. tradition-"traditional disadvantages for people living in the countryside,including (low)levels of 词尾 friend-→friendly,week→weekly, income and education,higher costs of healthy 加-ly love-→lovely foods.and fewer sports facilities. 词尾 wood-.wooden.wool-woollen 6.(2020·全回Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted 加-en to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all 词尾加 attract-attractive,talk great artists to come and present their ive.-ative talkative,protect-protective (fine)work.so that he could choose the best. 考点三形容词和副词的词形转换 energy--energetic,fool-foolish, science-scientific 1.形容词的构词规律 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成 类别 例词 其他常见 形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再 变化 词尾加y cloud--cloudy,luck--lucky, 加-y(如sun→sunny,fun- funny):以-e结尾的名词要去掉e health→healthy 再加-y(如noise-→noisy,ice→icy, 词尾加 gift→gifted,talent→talented, taste--tasty) -(e)d advanceadvanced 2.副词的构词规律 frighten-frightening, 类别 例词 appeal-→appealing: loudloudly, sudden 词尾 reward-"rewarding 形容词十后 suddenly. 加-ing “以-e结尾的动词要去掉e再加-ing 缀-ly sincere-sincerely (如invite→inviting,surprise→ happy→happily, heavy surprising.convince--convincing) heavily, 以辅音字母 meaning-meaningful/meaningless, angry"angrily, 加-y结尾的 care-careful/careless, 形容词，把y lucky→luckily, noisy harm-.harmful/harmless, →noisily 变成i再加ly 词尾加 home→homeless, shy-→shyly(shy中y的发 -ful/-less colour-colourful colourless, 音为/a1/,直接加-ly) use→useful'useless, terrible-→terribly,possible→ thank--thankful/thankless, possibly,gentle--gently, peace-"peaceful/peaceless 词尾为-ble/le probable probably. 的形容词，去 comfortable--comfortably. comfort--comfortable. 掉e,再加-y responsible-→ responsibly, 词尾 knowledge--knowledgeable, suitable-suitably 加-able accept-"acceptable. *whole--wholly(去e加-ly) respect-→respectable 词尾为-ue的 词尾 danger-dangerous,courage- 形容词，去掉 true→truly 加-ous courageous.humour--humourous e再加-ly 252 语法回 续表 续表 类别 例词 名师点津 易混的形容词和副词 词尾为1的形 full→fully,dull→dully 容词，直接加y near adj.adv. nearly adv.几乎， basic→basically, 近的/在附近 差不多 词尾为-ic的 scientific-scientifically, 形容词， loosely ad.不精 specific-specifically, loose adj.松的 加-ally 确地 automatic--automatically roughly ad,粗略 rough ad,粗糙的 名师点津 地：大体地 易混的形容词和副词 somehow ad.以 somewhat adv.有点 某种方式（或方 later adj. 以后 late adj./adv. (的)：后来（的） 法)：不知怎么地 迟（的）：晚（的） latest adj.最近 的，最新的 [即时演练 ago adv. 单句语法填空 before adt.以前 以前（以现在为起点） 1.(2022·新高考1卷)The GPNP's main goal is to everywhere adv. somewhere adu,.某处 improve connectivity between separate populations 到处 and homes of giant pandas,and high adj./adv. highly adv. 高度 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in 高的：在高处 地：很：非常 the wild. wide adj.adv. widely ad.广泛 2.(2021·金回甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two 宽阔的/充分地 地：普遍地 hours,but we stopped at the different gates and deep adj.adv. deeply adi.深刻 深深的（地） 地：深沉地 watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the free adi./adv. freely adv. 自由 local people going about their (day) 免费的（地） 地：畅通地 routines. close adj./adv. closely adu.仔细 3.(2021·新高考I卷)The hot spring at the foot 接近（的）：紧挨者（的） 地：紧密地 of the mountain is something you must try after hard adi.adv. hardly adv. the climb.It will (undoubted)help you 努力的（地） 乎不 get refreshed! 巩固训练冲关 [对应答案419] 1.语法填空 reported that Moxie produced breathable oxygen in 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人】个适当的单词 seven-hour-long tests conducted in various weather 或括号内单词的正确形式。 and atmospheric conditions last year.The research (2024·吉林省白山市高三一模)A small also found that even in 3. (extreme)harsh device.Moxie.has produced oxygen on the surface weather conditions like a Martian dust storm, of Mars,1. bring the chances of Moxie 4. continue to produce high surviving on the red planet a step closer.Research purity oxygen. published in 2. journal Science Advances "This is the first demonstration of actually 253® 回高考一轮总复习·英语，WY using 5. (resource)on the surface of Mars Ⅱ，写作运用 and transforming them chemically into something 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中形容词和 useful for a human mission,"Jeffrey Hoffman,a 副词的使用。 retired astronaut,said. Dear David. "The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent I've learned it from the Internet that you want carbon dioxide and much more 6. to make friends with a Chinese student so as to (change)than on Earth and the temperature can learn the Chinese language and culture.1. vary by 100 degrees,”Hoffman said..“One aim is (我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and 7. show we can run Moxie in all I would like to be your friend. sCas0ns.” 2. (我将尽可能地经常给你 The device,Moxie,uses some special pumps, 写信介绍中国文化).When you have an 8. take in carbon dioxide.The gas opportunity to come to China,I'll teach you how 9. (heat)to 800'C and pressed to separate to speak Chinese and 3. (带你参 the carbon and oxygen.Carbon monoxide is sent 观一些著名的历史名胜).4. out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind. (无论如何，我将尽可能多地帮助你).How do you Despite the challenges,Moxie has proved think☒ durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and I'm looking forward to your reply. scientists regard the test results 10. Yours sincerely, great achievement. Li Hua 专题三不可忽视的小词一代词、冠词和介词 近几年，高考对不可忽视的小词（冠词、代词和介词）的考查主要集中在其基本用法上，因此这类试题 一般较为简单。考生在解题时要牢记：根据语境，句意判断人称和数，仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代 的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格；冠词经常考查不定冠词a、an的泛指和定冠词the的特指及固 定搭配：介词的固定搭配是解答介词相关题目的关键 第六讲 代词、冠词和介词 高考真题感知 [对应客案P41] 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Then,when you use one section, 语法填空“二”谨记 other stays fresh. 1.根据泛指或特指选择冠词 2.(2023·新高考l卷)The meat should be fresh with touch 如果空格后的名词或“形 of sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot,clear and delicious. 容词十名词”前设有形容词性 3.(2023·新高考l卷)Not the panda5,even though language 物主代词、不定代词、名词所 used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 4.(2023,浙红卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class 有格或指示代词等限定词时 冠词 culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace. 很可能填冠词。 and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect 2.根据固定句式或固定搭配 culture of grassroot Beijingers. 选择冠词 5.(2022·金国甲卷) friend of his,Wu Fan. 英语中有很多带有冠词 volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 的固定句式或短语，记住这些 6.(2022·新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times 句式和短语也有利于解决此 size of Yellowstone National Park.the GPNP will be 类问题。 one of the first national parks in the country. 254