02.Unit 1 This is me(语法知识)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)

2025-05-27
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语外研版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 1 This is me
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 现在完成时
使用场景 同步教学
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 232 KB
发布时间 2025-05-27
更新时间 2025-05-27
作者 天空英语
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-05-27
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024) Unit 1 This is me语法知识 必备知识清单 单元语法释疑 现在完成时的基本用法 一、基本结构 现在完成时的基本结构遵循“主语 + have/has + 过去分词(V - ed)+ 其他”这一模式。这种结构是理解和运用现在完成时的基础,通过这种公式化的方式,能够更清晰地把握该时态的构成。 1.肯定句:以“She has finished her homework.(她完成了作业。)”为例,此句中主语“she”是第三人称单数,所以使用“has”,“finished”是“finish”的过去分词形式,表明动作“完成作业”从过去某个时间开始,到现在已经完成,对现在产生了影响,即作业现在处于已完成的状态。 2.否定句:“He hasn’t visited the museum yet.(他还没参观过博物馆。)”在这个句子里,同样因为主语“He”是第三人称单数,借助“has”来构成否定形式“hasn't”,“visited”为“visit”的过去分词。“yet”常用于否定句和疑问句中,强调到目前为止这个动作还没有发生。 3.一般疑问句:“Have you ever been to Beijing?(你去过北京吗?)”当把陈述句变为一般疑问句时,将“have/has”提到主语之前。这里主语“you”是非第三人称单数,所以用“Have”。“ever”表示“曾经”,常出现在现在完成时的一般疑问句中,询问对方是否有过某种经历。 4.特殊疑问句:“How long has she lived here?(她住这儿多久了?)”特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的基础上,在句首添加特殊疑问词。此句中特殊疑问词“How long”用于询问时间长度,询问从过去开始到现在“她住在这里”这个动作持续的时长。 注意:过去分词的变化存在两种情况。规则变化同一般过去时,大部分动词在词尾直接加“ - ed”,例如“work”变为“worked” 。然而,还有一些动词的过去分词属于不规则变化,这就需要特殊记忆了,比如“go”的过去分词是“gone”,“eat”的过去分词是“eaten”。这些不规则变化的动词在英语学习中较为常见,需要同学们牢记,以便准确运用现在完成时。 二、核心用法 用法 1:着重体现过去发生的动作对于当下所产生的影响 / 结果(在此,特别强调 “现在” 这一时间节点)。 标志词:already,用于肯定句中,表示 “已经”;yet,用于否定句和疑问句里,意思为 “还(未)”;just,意为 “刚刚”;ever,表达 “曾经”;never,即 “从未”;before,指 “以前”。例如: I have lost my key.(我钥匙丢了。)(在这个句子中,“丢钥匙” 这一动作发生在过去,而由此产生的结果是现在 “找不到钥匙”,此句着重强调了过去动作所带来的结果。) Has Tom come back?(汤姆回来了吗?)(此句所关心的重点是 “现在汤姆是否在这儿”,而并非 “汤姆何时回来”,突出对现在状态的关注。) She has just cleaned the room.(翻译为:她刚打扫了房间。)(该句表明,由于她刚刚完成了打扫房间这个动作,所以现在 “房间是干净的”,充分体现出过去动作所产生的影响一直持续到现在。) 用法 2:用于描述过去就已经开始,并且一直持续到当前时刻的动作或者状态,这类动作或状态具有可延续性。 标志词:常见的有 “for + 时间段” 形式,例如 “for 3 days”,意味着动作或状态从某个起始点开始,持续了3天的时长;还有 “since + 时间点 / 从句”,像 “since 2020” 表示从2020年这个时间点起,“since he left” 则是以 “he left” 这个从句所描述的事件发生时间点为起始。例如: We have lived in Shanghai for 5 years.(我们在上海住了 5 年。)(“住” 这个动作是从5年前就开始了,一直持续到现在,并且基于语境,这种居住状态还有可能继续持续下去。) He has been ill since last Monday.(他从上周一开始生病。)(此句中,“生病” 属于一种状态,具有可延续性,所以采用 “since + 时间点”(即上周一开始)来表明这种状态的起始时间,并一直延续到现在。) It has been 3 years since she joined the club.(她加入俱乐部 3 年了。)(当遇到像 “join” 这样的瞬间动词时,需要将其转换为具有延续性的状态,也就是 “be in”。这里所使用的句型为 “It is/has been + 时间 + since 过去时”,以此来正确表达从过去某个时间点开始,到现在所经历的时长。) 三、高频考点:从瞬间动词向延续性动词的转换 在英语语法的运用中,对于瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分至关重要。 [错误示例] He has died for 2 years. 这里“die”属于瞬间动词,它所表示的动作在瞬间就已完成,无法持续一段时间,所以此句表达有误。 [正确表达]He has been dead for 2 years. 这里使用了状态动词“be dead”,“be dead”表示一种状态,这种状态是可以持续的,因而能够与表示一段时间的“for 2 years”搭配使用,这样的表达才符合语法规则。 [转换举例] 瞬间动词(动作) 延续性动词(状态) 例句对比 buy(买) have(拥有) She has had the book for a week.(√) She has bought the book for a week.(×) join(加入) be in/be a member He has been in the team since 2022.(√) leave(离开) be away They have been away for 3 days.(√) [对比:现在完成时 vs 一般过去时] 区别 现在完成时 一般过去时 时间焦点 强调 “现在的结果” 强调 “过去的动作” 时间状语 模糊时间(already, since, so far) 具体时间(yesterday, last week) 例句释义 I have seen the film.(已知道内容) I saw the film yesterday.(单纯叙述) 附:现在完成时口诀记忆 “完成时,两用法:过去影响到现在,持续动作未中断。 for 接段,since 接点,瞬间动词要转换。 already 肯定 yet 否,ever/never 表经历。” 核心知识回顾 易混淆标志词对比 1. ago vs before (1) ago 结构:时间段 + ago(如 5 minutes ago, two years ago)。 作用:表示从现在算起的 “多久以前”,是具体时间点,仅用于一般过去时。 例句: 正确:He left ten minutes ago.(他十分钟前离开的。)(动作 left 发生在过去的 “十分钟前”,与现在无关。) 错误:He has left ago.( ago 不能与现在完成时连用。) (2)before 结构:可单独使用(位于句尾)或接宾语(如 before now, before the exam)。 作用:表示 “在过去的某个时间点之前”,是不明确的时间范围,用于现在完成时(强调对现在的影响)。 例句: 正确:I have seen this movie before.(我以前看过这部电影。)(看过的经历对现在的影响:我现在知道电影内容。) 正确:She had finished homework before 9 pm.(她九点前完成了作业。)( 过去完成时,强调在过去某时间点前已完成。) 对比: He ate an apple ago.(错误,需改为just now或具体时间 + ago) He has eaten an apple before.(正确,强调现在不饿) 2. just now vs just (1)just now 相当于 “a moment ago”,表示 “刚刚(发生)”,是明确的过去时间点,仅用于一般过去时。 位置:句尾,无需与其他词连用。 例句: 正确:The bus left just now.(公交车刚刚开走了。)(动作 left 发生在 “刚刚”,现在车已不在) 错误:She has arrived just now.(just now 不与现在完成时连用) (2) just 表示 “刚刚(完成)”,强调动作刚刚结束且结果影响现在,用于现在完成时,位于 have/has 之后。常与 already 隐含搭配(如 “刚做完 = 已经做完”)。 例句: 正确:We have just finished the crowded task.(我们刚完成这项繁琐的任务。)(现在可以休息了,结果影响现在) 正确:He has just secretly sent a message.(他刚刚暗自发送了一条消息。)( 消息已发出,现在可能等待回复) 对比: She called just now.(她刚才打电话了。)→ 过去动作,现在可能没接通 She has just called.(她刚打完电话。)→ 现在通话结束,可能需要回电 【典型错题】 [错题1] 误:I have met him two days ago. 正:I met him two days ago. / I have met him before. 解析:ago 是具体过去时间点,必须用一般过去时;若用现在完成时,需改为 before(不强调具体多久前)。 [错题 2] 误:Has he left just now? 正:Did he leave just now? / Has he just left? 解析:just now 对应一般过去时(助动词用 did);现在完成时用 just(位于 has 后)。 综合实战演练 一、单项选择 1.Since I ________ helping as a volunteer in the school library last term, I _______ both reading books and helping others. A.start; enjoyed B.have started; have enjoyed C.have started; enjoyed D.started; have enjoyed 2.— When ________ you ________ skiing on the mountains in the French Alps? — Three years ago. I ________ that special experience so far. A.did; learn; have not forgotten B.did; learn; didn’t forget C.have; learnt; have not forgotten D.have; learnt; didn’t forget 3.Astronauts (宇航员) on the Chinese Space Station _______ some plants already, and it helps us learn about living in space. A.grew B.were growing C.have grown D.will grow 4.— Where is your father?     — He ________ Australia. A.goes B.went C.has been in D.has gone to 5.As an exchange student, Alan ________ Shijiazhuang for three years. A.has been to B.has been in C.has gone to D.has been 6.—Ms White, how long can I _________ the dictionary?   —No rush, take your time! A.have B.borrow C.lend D.keep 7.Denise _________ the Liaoning Provincial Museum for hours and she will be back at five o’clock. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has gone in 8.—Lucy ________ London. How can I get in touch with her? —Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she comes back. A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to 9.—How long can I ________ this magazine? —For two days. A.borrow B.keep C.see D.lend 10.-________ you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? -No, never. A.Do B.Can C.Have D.Has 11.Nice to see you again. We ________ each other for a long time. A.won’t see B.don’t see C.didn’t see D.haven’t seen 12.—It is ten years ________ we met each other. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A.when; have made B.since; have made C.when; have been D.since; have been 13.How time flies! It has been ten years since I ________ him in Xuzhou. A.meet B.met C.have met D.will meet 14.My brother __________ Dalian for two months. A.has left B.has come to C.has gone to D.has been in 15.Denise __________ work. She will be back at five o’clock. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has gone 16.In the past five years, great changes _________ in our hometown. A.happened B.have happened C.took place D.have taken place 17.The girl _________ several books since then. A.wrote B.has written C.writes D.had written 18.—It’s not easy to be an excellent soccer player even when you ________ over and over again. —I can’t agree with you more. A.practiced B.have practiced C.will practice D.are practicing 19.—It’s raining! When did it start? —I don’t know exactly. In fact, the weather report says that it ________ for two days. A.lasts B.has lasted C.lasted D.will last 20.Ever since then, she ________ a popular reporter. A.be B.is C.was D.has been 21.—When will you return the book? —Sorry, I __________ reading it. Can I give it back to you tomorrow? A.wasn’t finishing B.don’t finish C.haven’t finished D.won’t finish 22.In the past year, he many bad habits and made progress in math. A.changes B.has changed C.is changing D.will change 23.Look at the young teacher, she ________ English for ten years. A.teaches B.is teaching C.has taught D.taught 24.—Sarah, is your mother a teacher? —Yes, she is. She ________ English in China for 12 years. A.will teach B.is teaching C.taught D.has taught 25.In the past few years, Dr. Sun ________ great success in the field of science. A.has achieved B.achieved C.had achieved D.achieves 26.—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the class ________ for 10 minutes. A.is on B.has been on C.begins D.has begun 27.Elizabeth ________ this book ________ she was a teenager. A.has bought; since B.bought; since C.has had; since D.has bought; from 28.I ________ the storybook from the reading room this morning, and I can ________ it for a week. A.lent; keep B.kept; borrow C.borrowed; keep D.borrowed; lend 29.—How long ________ they ________? —Sorry, I don’t know. But I know that Peter is going to ________ a nurse next week. A.did, marry; marry to B.did, get married; marry with C.have, got married; marry D.have, been married; marry 30.Her son __________ the army for two months. She misses him very much. A.has joined B.has been in C.joined D.was 31.—How long have you ________ the basketball team of the school? —For about two years. A.been in B.been C.joined D.played 32.The old man ________ for five years. A.died B.has died C.has dead D.has been dead 33.Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum (扬州中国大运河博物馆) ________ for about three years, but I ________ there. A.has opened; haven’t gone B.has been open; haven’t been C.has been open; haven’t gone D.has opened; haven’t been 34.________ you ever ________ UFOs? A.Have; seen B.Did; see C.Will; see D.Do; see 35.—____ she ever________ Tower Bridge? —Yes. She________ it two years ago. A.Did; visit; visited B.Has; visited; visited C.Is; visiting; has visited D.Does; visit; visits 36.I ________ think he ________ ever visited the island. A./; hasn’t B.don’t; was C.don’t; has D.don’t; will 37.What’s the best gift John __________ ever received? A.have B.has C.had D.having 38.— ________ you ever_________ to Beijing before?      —No, never. A.Did; go B.Have; been C.Will; go D.Do; go 39.He ________ with us since he returned last month. A.has lived B.lived C.had lived D.lives 40.He ________ with us since he returned last month. A.has lived B.lived C.had lived D.lives 二、单词拼写 41.Jack (be) to Qingdao with his parents twice. 42.— May I speak to Nick? — Sorry, he (go) to Paris and will be back in two days. 43.Millions of people (lay) off in the steel industry since 2000. 44.His grandfather has been (die) for five years. 45.My brother (know) him since he was a child. 46.—What’s up, Sandy? —Look! What a mess! Somebody (break) that window. 47.The little girl (read) many books since she was five years old. 48.We are tired out now because we (ride) the bike for such a long time. 49.Mr Wang (teach) in this school for twenty years. 50.So far they (receive) many applications for the job. 51.I (not see) my English-speaking friends for a long time. I miss them. 52.Recently, an increasing number of people (fall) in love with Hanfu. 53.Yeah! Our team has (win) the basketball match! 54.Shenzhen (change) a lot in the past few years. 55.I simply gave in to him, and I (regret) it ever since. 56.I’ve (see) almost all of the places of interest around Xi’an. 57.They (try) many times to capture our city. 58.Have you (hear) that joke before? 59.I (count) the books twice. 60.Many schools (build) since 5 years ago. 61.Have you (write) the report? 62.Alice has her diary somewhere so that her sister can’t find it. (hide) 63.—Are you interested in the ending of the movie? —No, because she (tell) me the story twice. 64.—What do you think of this song? —It’s so beautiful that I (listen) to it many times. 65.Shenzhen (develop)from a small fishing village into a modern city since 40 years ago. 三、完成句子 66.到目前为止,我学到了很多东西。而且我在英语周期间的经历非常精彩。 , I a lot and my experience during the English Week is so amazing. 67.It is three years since he left Beijing. It three years since he left Beijing. 68.山姆说他已经学习计算机编程两年了。 Sam says he computer programming for two years. 69.从那以后,我和我的老同学保持着联系。 Since then, I with my former classmates. 70.Jack显然已经下定决心出国深造。 Jack has clearly to further his study abroad. 71.他的奶奶已经病了十年了。 His grandma ill for ten years. 72.She has blown out the candles. (变一般疑问句) she the candles? 73.I have been here for twelve years. (改为同义句) I twelve years ago. 74.他们到过兰州。 They to Lanzhou. 75.Jason去年生了一场大病。自那以后,他就过上了健康的生活。 Jason was seriously ill last year. Since then, he . 76.I haven’t got a letter from her since she went to the USA.(保持句意不变) I haven’t her since she went to the USA. 77.I came to Dalian two days ago. (同义句转化) I Dalian for two days. 78.My classmate borrowed a book two weeks ago. My classmates the book two weeks. 79.Alice hasn’t done any shopping yet. Alice hasn’t yet. 80.He came to China ten years ago. Now he is still in China. (合并为一句) He China ten years. 81.He became a teacher in 2015. He a teacher one year ago. 82.The meeting began 5 minutes ago. (同义句转化) The meeting for 5 minutes. 83.The homeless cat died 2 days ago. (同义句转化) The homeless cat for 2 days. 84.I have lived in the city since I was a young child. I have lived in the city since . 85.The Smiths got married 20 years ago. (同义句转换) The Smiths married for 20 years. 86.他已经去过太空博物馆两次了。 He the space museum twice. 87.但是她从未参加过任何一次征文比赛。 But she never any essay competition yet. 88.Miss Gao has taught Chinese in the school for 5 years. (改为同义句) Miss Gao has taught Chinese in the school . 89.我好久都没有收到Nelly叔叔的来信了。 I haven’t Uncle Nelly for a long time. 90.他们已经寻找狗两天了。 They’ve the dog for two days. 参考答案 一、 1.D 【解析】句意:自从我上学期开始在学校图书馆做志愿者以来,我既喜欢读书,也喜欢帮助别人。 考查动词时态。第一空,根据“last term”可知,从句时态应用一般过去时,谓语动词应用过去式started;第二空,“I ... both reading books and helping others”是主句,根据 “since”引导从句的时态规则,主句要用现在完成时,其结构为have/has +过去分词;主语为“I”,助动词应用“have”,动词“enjoy”的过去分词是“enjoyed”。故选D。 2.A 【解析】句意:——你什么时候在法国阿尔卑斯山学习滑雪?——三年前。到目前为止,我还没有忘记那次特殊的经历。 考查动词时态。根据回答“Three years ago.”可知,问句应该用一般过去时,助动词用did,动词learn用原形。时间状语so far意为“到目前为止”,表示从过去到现在,应用现在完成时,其构成为“have/has+过去分词”,主语是1,助动词用have,否定形式为have not后接过去分词forgotten。故选A。 3.C 【解析】句意:中国空间站上的宇航员已经种植了一些植物,这有助于我们了解太空生活。 考查动词时态。根据“already”是现在完成时的标志词可知,此处用现在完成时(have/has done),故选C。 4.D 【解析】句意:——你父亲在哪里?——他去了澳大利亚。 考查现在完成时。goes去,单三形式;went去,过去式;has been in一直在某地;has gone to去了某地还没回来。根据“Where is your father?”可知,爸爸不在说话的地方,此处说的是去了澳大利亚还没回来,应该用has gone to。故选D。 5.B 【解析】句意为:作为交换生,Alan在石家庄已经三年了。 考查has been to,has been in和has gone to的区别。has been to表示去过某地;has been in表示在某地待了多久;has gone to表示去了某地,目前还未回。根据“ Alan ... Shijiazhuang for three years”可知,此处强调时长,故选B。 6.D 【解析】句意:——怀特小姐,这本字典我可以借多久?——不急,慢慢来! 考查延续性动词以及短暂性动词。have有,延续性动词;borrow借入,非延续性动词;lend借出,非延续性动词;keep保留,延续性动词。how long“多久”,与延续性动词一起搭配,排除B和C选项。根据“how long can I … the dictionary”可知,此处指可以保留字典的时段,故选D。 7.C 【解析】句意:Denise已经在辽宁省博物馆待了几个小时,并且她将在五点回来。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地;has gone to去了某地;has been in待在某地;has gone in错误形式。根据“for hours”可知,此处指Denise在博物馆待了几个小时。故选C。 8.A 【解析】句意:——露西去了伦敦。我怎样才能联系上她?——别担心。她一回来就会给你打电话。 考查has/have been to与has/have gone to的区别。has/have been to意为“去过某地”;has/have gone to意为“去了某地”。根据“How can I get in touch with her”和“She will phone you as soon as she comes back.”可知,露西去了伦敦,现在还未回来,又因为Lucy是第三人称单数,应该用has gone to。故选A。 9.B 【解析】句意:——我可以借这本杂志多久?——两天。 考查延续性动词。borrow借入,短暂性动词;keep保存,延续性动词;see看,短暂性动词;lend借出,短暂性动词。根据“How long”和“For two days.”可知,表示动作的延续,所以空处应用延续性动词,故选B。 10.C 【解析】句意:——你看过电影《乱世佳人》吗?——没有,从没看过。 考查现在完成时态。根据谓语动词“seen”可知,此处需用助动词have或has和seen构成现在完成时,因为主语是you,为第二人称,所以用have。故选C。 11.D 【解析】句意:很高兴再次见到你。我们有很长时间没有见面了。 考查时态。won’t see将不会见;don’t see现在没见,用于一般现在时;didn’t see之前没见,用于一般过去时;haven’t seen还没见,用于现在完成时。根据题干中“for a long time”提示可知,空处需用现在完成时,表示从过去到现在未见。故选D。 12.D 【解析】句意:——自从我们相遇以来已经十年了。——时间过得真快!我不敢相信我们已经做了十年的朋友。 考查状语从句的连词及现在完成时态。when当……时,since自从;have made已经交了,现在完成时,是非延续性动词;have been已经成为,是延续性动词。根据“How time flies!”可知,是说“自从我们相遇已经十年了。”,结合“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时的句子”可知,第一空用since。根据“for ten years”可知,此句是现在完成时,动词要用延续性动词,主语是we,所以第二空用have been。故选D。 13.B 【解析】句意:时间过得真快!自从我在徐州见到他以来,已经有十年了。 考查动词时态。根据英语语法,since前的主句为现在完成时,since后的从句用一般过去时,故选B。 14.D 【解析】句意:我哥哥已经在大连两个月了。 考查时态。根据“for two months”可知,时态用现在完成时,其构成为:have/has+动词过去分词,句中的动词应用延续性动词。left(leave的过去分词)、come(come的过去分词)、gone(go的过去分词)都是非延续性动词,均不符合题意;has been in意为“在某地多久”,可以与时间段连用。故选D。 15.B 【解析】句意:丹尼斯上班去了,将在五点回来。 考查动词辨析。has been to 意为“去某处”,回来了; has gone to 意为“去某处”,没回来;has been in意为“去某处待了多久”;has gone去了。根据“She will be back at five o’clock.”可知,此处指的是“去了某地还没有回来”,选项B符合句意。故选B。 16.D 【解析】句意:在过去的五年里,我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。 考查时态。happen表示碰巧偶然发生;take place指有计划有目的地发生。家乡的变化应是有计划发生的,因此用take place,根据“in the past five years”可知,此处用现在完成时,故选D。 17.B 【解析】句意:从那以后,这个女孩写了几本书。 考查时态辨析。根据“since then”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,主语the girl,助动词应为has。故选B。 18.B 【解析】句意:——即使你一遍又一遍地练习,要成为一名优秀的足球运动员也不容易。——我完全同意你的观点。 考查动词时态。根据“when you…over and over again”可知,练习这个动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能继续持续下去,用现在完成时have/has done的结构,故选B。 19.B 【解析】句意:——下雨了!什么时候开始的?——我并不确切知道。事实上,天气预报说它已经持续了两天。 考查时态辨析。lasts持续,单三形式,用于一般现在时;has lasted已经持续,现在完成时;lasted持续,动词过去式,用于一般过去时;will last将持续,用于一般将来时。根据“It’s raining! When did it start?”及“I don’t know exactly. In fact, the weather report says that it…for two days.”可知,下雨的事件发生在过去,现在还在持续,应用现在完成时,其结构have/has+done,主语为it,助动词应用has。故选B。 20.D 【解析】句意:从那时起,她就是一位受欢迎的记者。 考查动词时态。根据“Ever since then”可知,这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语,强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,时态用现在完成时have/has done,主语是she,助动词用has。故选D。 21.C 【解析】句意:——你什么时候还书?——对不起,我还没看完。我明天可以还给你吗? 考查动词时态。根据“When will you return the book?”以及“Can I give it back to you tomorrow?”可知,看书的动作发生在过去,从过去某个时间就已经开始阅读,一直持续到现在还没有结束,故时态要用现在完成时。故选C。 22.B 【解析】句意:在过去的一年里,他改变了许多坏习惯,在数学上取得了进步。 考查动词时态。根据“In the past year”可知,空处用现在完成时have/has done,主语是he,助动词用has。故选B。 23.C 【解析】句意:看那位年轻的老师,她已经教了十年英语了。 考查动词时态辨析。teaches教,一般现在时,动词三单形式;is teaching正在教;has taught已经教了,现在完成时;taught过去教,过去式。结合“for three years”可知,该句应现在完成时,表示过去的动作一直持续到现在,其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”,主语为she,助动词用has,teach用过去分词形式taught。故选C。 24.D 【解析】句意:——Sarah,你的妈妈是教师吗?——是的。她已经在中国教英语12年了。 考查动词用法。根据“for 12 years”可知,妈妈“教英语”这个动作从过去一直持续到现在,有可能继续持续下去,应使用现在完成时“have/has done”,结合主语为第三人称,所以选用has taught。故选D。 25.A 【解析】句意:在过去的几年里,孙博士在科学领域取得了巨大的成功。 考查时态。根据“In the past few years”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,谓语结构为have/has done。故选A。 26.B 【解析】句意:——你为什么这么急?——因为已经上课10分钟了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for 10 minutes”可知,句子应使用现在完成时态,结构为have/has done。而且句子和一段时间连用,谓语动词用延续性动词,begin对应的延续性动词为be on。故选B。 27.C 【解析】句意:伊丽莎白从她是青少年起就有这本书。 考查现在完成时和时间状语从句。第一空根据“Elizabeth…this book”可知,此处是指拥有这本书很久了,应用现在完成时的延续性动词,选项AD“has bought”是瞬时性动词,不符合题意;B选项“bought”是一般过去时,不符合题意;C选项“has had”是延续性动词,符合题意;第二空根据“this book…she was a teenager.”可知,此处是自从她是青少年起,用since引导时间状语从句。故选C。 28.C 【解析】句意:今天早上我从阅览室借了一本故事书,我可以保存一个星期。 考查动词辨析。keep保存,延续性动词;borrow...from从某处借某物;lend...to把某物借给某人。根据“from the reading room”可知,从阅览室借了一本故事书,第一空borrowed符合句意;根据“for a week”可知,第二空需要延续性动词,keep符合句意,故选C。 29.D 【解析】句意:——他们结婚多久了?——对不起,我不知道。但是我知道皮特下个月将会娶一名护士。 考查动词时态。marry“结婚”,动词;marry sb表示“嫁/娶某人”;get married表示“结婚”。根据“How long”可知表示“多长时间”,常和现在完成时连用,且谓语动词应是延续性动词,marry是短暂性动词,其对应的持续性动词是be married;空二指“下个月皮特将要娶一名护士”,be going to do“打算做某事”。故选D。 30.B 【解析】句意:她的儿子参军两个月了。她非常想念他。 考查现在完成时。has joined表示“已经加入”,强调动作的完成;has been in表示“已经在某地待了多长时间”,强调状态的持续;joined表示“加入”,是一般过去时;was表示“是”,是一般过去时。根据“the army for two months”可知,强调状态的持续,应用现在完成时,B选项符合,故选B。 31.A 【解析】句意:——你加入学校篮球队多久了?——大约两年了。 考查现在完成时及词义辨析。been in加入;been是;joined加入;played演奏。根据“How long”可知,此处表示一段时间,应用延续性动词;根据“How long have you…the basketball team of the school?”的句意并结合选项可知,此处指加入学校篮球队,用be in。故选A。 32.D 【解析】句意:那位老人已经去世五年了。 考查现在完成时。die去世,是瞬间性动词;dead死亡的,是形容词,不能单独作谓语,排除C项;be dead去世,是延续性动词。根据“for five years”可知,此处与时间段连用,用延续性动词,用现在完成时,故选D。 33.B 【解析】句意:扬州中国大运河博物馆已经开放大约三年了,但是我还没去过。 考查现在完成时。根据“for about three years”可知,第一空使用延续性动词,open的延续性动词形式是be open,排除A和D选项;have gone to意思是“已经去了”;have been to意思是“已经去过”。根据“but”可知,前后意思转折,即:博物馆已经开放了一段时间,但是我还没有去过。故选B。 34.A 【解析】句意:你曾经看过UFO吗? 考查动词时态。根据ever可知,句子应用现在完成时,故选A。 35.B 【解析】句意:——她参观过塔桥吗?——是的。她两年前去过那里。 考查动词时态。由ever可知第一空是现在完成时,表示曾经做过某事,要用have done的形式来表示,又因she是第三人称单数,要用has的形式;由two years ago可知第二空是一般过去时,visited。故选B。 36.C 【解析】句意:我想他从未去过那个岛。 考查宾语从句否定转移及时态。根据“ever”可知,从句要用现在完成时,主句是I think,从句表示否定要用否定转移,即否定要转移到主句上,故选C。 37.B 【解析】句意:约翰收到过最好的礼物是什么? 考查动词时态。根据“ever”可知,本句是现在完成时(have/has done),主语John是单数,助动词用has。故选B。 38.B 【解析】句意:——你以前来过北京吗?——没有,从未去过。 考查动词时态。根据“ever”可知,时态是现在完成时,主语是you,助动词用have,have been to“曾经到过”,故选B。 39.A 【解析】句意:自从他上个月回来以来,他一直和我们住在一起。 考查现在完成时。has lived现在完成时;lived一般过去时;had lived过去完成时;lives一般现在时。根据“since he returned last month.”可知,这里用现在完成时。故选A。 40.A 【解析】句意:自从他上个月回来以来,他一直和我们住在一起。 考查时态。根据“since he returned last month.”可知,此处表示自从他上个月回来以来,他一直和我们住在一起,过去的动作一直持续到现在,时态为现在完成时,其构成为:主语+have/has+过去分词。故选A。 二、 41.has been 【解析】句意:杰克和他的父母去过青岛两次。根据“twice”可知去过两次,已经回来了,用have been to,主语Jack后接助动词has。故填has been。 42.has gone 【解析】句意:——我可以和Nick通话吗?——抱歉,他去巴黎了,两天之内会回来。根据语境和“and will be back in 2 weeks.”可知,此题时态为现在完成时:have/has gone to,Nick是第三人称单数。故填has gone。 43.have laid 【解析】句意:自2000年以来,钢铁行业已有数百万人下岗。根据“since 2000”可知,此处用现在完成时have/has done的结构,主语是复数形式,助动词用have,故填have laid。 44.dead 【解析】句意:他的祖父已经死了五年了。根据“for five years”可知,“for+一段时间”表示一个动作或者状态持续的时间,常用于现在完成时,而且谓语动词是延续性动词。die意为“死”,短暂性动词,与其对应的延续性动词为be dead。故填dead。 45.has known 【解析】句意:我哥哥从小就认识他。根据“since he was a child”可知,主句用现在完成时,主语是My brother,助动词用has,know的过去分词是known。故填has known。 46.has broken 【解析】句意:——怎么了,Sandy?——看!多么混乱!有人打破了那扇窗户。break“打碎”,根据“What a mess!”可知,此处表达造成的影响,空处应用现在完成时,结构为have/has done,主语somebody为不定代词,谓语动词用单数has,break“打破”的过去分词为broken。故填has broken。 47.has read 【解析】句意:这个小女孩从五岁起就读了很多书。根据“since she was five years old”和提示词汇可知,“since+句子”常用于现在完成时,主语The little girl为单数,谓语用“has+过去分词”的结构,read为动词过去分词。故填has read。 48.have ridden 【解析】句意:我们现在精疲力尽,因为我们骑了这么长时间的自行车。根据“for such a long time”可知用现在完成时have/has done,主语是we,助动词用have,动词ride“骑,乘”过去分词为ridden,故填have ridden。 49.has taught 【解析】句意:王先生已经在这所学校教了二十年书了。根据“for twenty years”可知此处用现在完成时,主语是Mr Wang,结构是has+done,teach的过去分词是taught。故填has taught。 50.have received 【解析】句意:到目前为止,他们已经收到了许多这份工作的申请。根据“So far they…many applications for the job.”及提示词可知,句子时态为现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,句子主语they,助动词应用have,receive“收到”,其过去分词形式为received。故填have received。 51.haven’t seen 【解析】句意:我好久没有见到我的那些说英语的朋友了。我想念他们。根据“for a long time”和提示词可知,句子使用现在完成时,用have/has+过去分词的结构。因主语为I且提示词有not,故用haven’t。故填haven’t seen。 52.have fallen 【解析】句意:最近,越来越多的人爱上了汉服。根据“Recently”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,主语是“an increasing number of people”,助动词用have,fall的过去分词为fallen。故填have fallen。 53.won 【解析】句意:是啊!我们队赢得了篮球比赛!win“赢”,根据has可知,句子时态为现在完成时,结构为has+动词过去分词,win的过去分词为won。故填won。 54.has changed 【解析】句意:深圳在过去的几年里变化很大。根据“in the past few years”可知,本句是现在完成时,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has changed。 55.have regretted 【解析】句意:我只是向他屈服了,从那以后我一直后悔。根据“ever since”可知,句子使用现在完成时(have/has done),表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。主语是I,助动词用have,动词regret的过去分词是regretted。故填have regretted。 56.seen 【解析】句意:我几乎参观了西安周围所有的名胜古迹。根据“I’ve”可知,I’ve=I have,因此本句应用现在完成时,see“看见”,动词,其过去分词为seen。故填seen。 57.have tried 【解析】句意:他们曾多次试图占领我们的城市。根据“many times”可知,此处应用现在完成时“have/has done”,主语是“They”,助动词应用have,try的过去分词是tried。故填have tried。 58.heard 【解析】句意:你以前听过那个笑话吗?根据“Have”可知此处用现在完成时,空处填hear的过去分词heard。故填heard。 59.have counted 【解析】句意:我把书数了两遍。根据“twice”可知,此处是指已经数了两遍书,时态应用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,主语为I,助动词用have,动词count的过去分词为counted。故填have counted。 60.have been built 【解析】句意:自从五年前以来,已经建了许多学校。根据“since 5 years ago”可知,句子是现在完成时,动词应用have/has done结构,主语“Many schools”是复数形式且表示物,所以助动词用have,且要用被动语态。故填have been built。 61.written 【解析】句意:你写好报告了吗?根据“Have you... ”可知,句子属于现在完成时的一般疑问句,其结构为:Have+主语+过去分词+其他?所以空格上所填词为过去分词。write的过去分词为written。故填written。 62.hidden 【解析】句意:Alice把她的日记藏在了某个地方,这样她的妹妹就找不到了。hide“藏”,动词原形,根据has可知,句子为现在完成时态,结构为has+done,hide的过去分词为hidden。故填hidden。 63.has told 【解析】句意:——你对电影的结局感兴趣吗?——不,因为她已经告诉我这个故事两次了。根据“twice”可知,此处应用现在完成时“have/has done”,主语是第三人称单数,助动词应用has。故填has told。 64.have listened 【解析】句意:——你觉得这首歌怎么样?——它很好听,我已经听了很多遍了。根据“many times”可知so…that引导的结果状语从句应采用现在完成时,主语为I,助动词用have,listen的过去分词为listened。故填have listened。 65.has developed 【解析】句意:40年前,深圳从一个小渔村发展成为一座现代化的城市。根据“since 40 years ago”可知本句用现在完成时。结构是have/has+动词的过去分词。主语Shenzhen“深圳”,助动词用has。develop的过去分词是developed。故填has developed。 三、 66. So far have learned 【解析】短语“So far”,表示“到目前为止”;后面接现在完成时,主语是I,助动词用have,学习:learn,过去分词是learned。故填So far ;have learned。 67. has been 【解析】句意:他离开北京已经三年了。根据“It ... three years since he left Beijing.”可知,此处用“It is+时间段+since从句”表示“自……发生以来已经一段时间了”,主句可以用现在完成时形式替换。另外,主语是单数第三人称,应用has。故填has;been。 68. has already learnt 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处时态为现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,主语为he,助动词应用has,用副词already“已经”修饰动词过去分词learnt“学习”。故填has;already;learnt。 69. have kept/stayed in touch 【解析】根据题干可知,空处缺少“保持着联系”,应用短语keep/stay in touch表示,根据“Since then”可知,此处表示动作从过去某个时间一直延续到现在,句子要用现在完成时,结构为have/has done,主语为I,助动词用have。故填have;kept/stayed;in;touch。 70. made up his mind 【解析】make up one’s mind“下定决心”,结合空前助动词has,动词需用过去分词形式,构成现在完成时;主语是Jack,对应的one’s由his替代。故填made;up;his;mind。 71. has been 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“已经病了”的英文。根据“for ten years.”可知,空处需现在完成时,主语是“His grandma”,使用第三人称单数形式,助动词用“has”,be ill“生病”,be的过去分词为“been”。故填has;been。 72. Has blown out 【解析】句意:她吹灭了蜡烛。句子含有现在完成时,变一般疑问句时,把助动词has放句首,其他不变。故填Has;blown;out。 73. came here 【解析】句意:我在这里已经12年了。改为同义句,即“我12年前来到了这里”,come here表示“到这里”;由“twelve years ago”可知,时态为一般过去时,动词come要用过去式came。故填came;here。 74. have been 【解析】根据汉语提示和题干可知,句子缺少的是“到过”这一中文意思,且句子陈述的是一般事实;have/has been to意为“到过某地”;且因主语“they”,故用have。故填have;been。 75. has lived a healthy life 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,缺少“过健康的生活”,live a healthy life符合句意;结合“Since then”可知,句子时态是现在完成时,助动词用has,live改为lived。故填has;lived;a;healthy;life。 76. heard from 【解析】句意:自从她去美国后,我一直没有收到她的信。根据要求此空格中需要填入的是动词短语“收到某人来信”hear from相当于get a letter from;句子是现在完成时,结构是:has/have +过去分词;前面已经有了haven’t,因此要填入动词的过去分词。故填heard;from。 77. have been in 【解析】句意:我两天前来到大连。根据“for two days”可知,改写句子应用现在完成时态,结构是have/ has done,主语为I,因此用have;come“来”,为非延续性动词,与一段时间连用要变为延续性动作be in,be的过去分词是been。故填have;been;in。 78. have kept for 【解析】句意:我的同学两个星期前借了一本书。此句可以改为“我的同学已经保留这本书两周了”。时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has done,主语为复数形式的my classmates,助动词应用have;keep意为“保留”,应用过去分词形式kept;时间状语用介词for连接。故填have;kept;for。 79. gone shopping 【解析】句意:爱丽丝还没有买东西。do some shopping“买东西”,同义表达为go shopping“去买东西”,助动词hasn’t后接过去分词gone,构成现在完成时。故填gone;shopping。 80. has been in for 【解析】句意:他十年前来到中国。现在他还在中国。此处表达的意思为“他在中国已经十年了”,表示过去发生持续到现在的动作应为现在完成时,主语是He,谓语构成为has done形式,have been in意为“在某地待了……”,可跟一段时间连用,此处用for加一段时间ten years。故填has;been;in;for。 81. has been since 【解析】句意:他在2015年成为了一名教师。原句为一般过去时,根据“He...a teacher...one year ago.”可知此处要改为现在完成时:have/has done,用连词since表达“自从”。主语he是第三人称单数,助动词用has,在表达持续状态或持续时间时,应使用been。故填has;been;since。 82. has been on 【解析】句意:会议五分钟前就开始了。根据“for 5 minutes”可知,转换后句子用现在完成时,且用延续性动词,began“开始”,动词,原形为begin,begin的延续性动词为be on,现在完成时的结构为have/has done,主语“The meeting”为三单形式,因此用has,be的过去分词为been。故填has;been;on。 83. has been dead 【解析】句意:那只流浪猫两天前死了。根据“for 2 days”可知,改写后的句子应用现在完成时“have/has done”,主语是“The homeless cat”,因此助动词用has;原句中的“died”是短暂性动词,应改为be dead,be的过去分词为been。故填has;been;dead。 84. my childhood 【解析】句意:从我小时候起,我一直住在这座城市里。since my childhood“从我小时候起”,与since I was a young child同义。故填my;childhood。 85. have been 【解析】句意:史密斯夫妇20年前结婚了。“for 20 years”表示一段时间,用现在完成时的结构“have done”,动词用延续性动词be married;谓语动词变成have been married。故填have;been。 86. has already been to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,横线处缺少“已经去过”的英文表述,且此句为现在完成时,“已经”翻译为“already”,“去过”翻译为“have/has been to”,主语He为第三人称单数,则此处用has,故填has;already;been;to。 87. has taken part in 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,句子是现在完成时,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用has;take part in“参加”。故填has;taken;part;in。 88. since 5/five years ago 【解析】句意:高老师在这所学校教了5年语文。要求改为同义句,“for+一段时间”相当于“since+一段时间+ago”,所以for 5 years = since 5 years ago。故填since;5/five;years;ago。 89. heard from 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空格处为“收到……来信”,用“hear from”表示;结合“for a long time”和“haven’t”可知,此处应用现在完成时,haven’t后应接动词过去分词heard。故填heard;from。 90. searched/looked for 【解析】根据汉语知空白处表示“寻找”,search/look for“寻找”,根据“They’ve”可知,此句用现在完成时,其构成为“has/have done”,故填searched/looked;for。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024) Unit 1 This is me语法知识 必备知识清单 单元语法释疑 现在完成时的基本用法 一、基本结构 现在完成时的基本结构遵循“主语 + have/has + 过去分词(V - ed)+ 其他”这一模式。这种结构是理解和运用现在完成时的基础,通过这种公式化的方式,能够更清晰地把握该时态的构成。 1.肯定句:以“She has finished her homework.(她完成了作业。)”为例,此句中主语“she”是第三人称单数,所以使用“has”,“finished”是“finish”的过去分词形式,表明动作“完成作业”从过去某个时间开始,到现在已经完成,对现在产生了影响,即作业现在处于已完成的状态。 2.否定句:“He hasn’t visited the museum yet.(他还没参观过博物馆。)”在这个句子里,同样因为主语“He”是第三人称单数,借助“has”来构成否定形式“hasn't”,“visited”为“visit”的过去分词。“yet”常用于否定句和疑问句中,强调到目前为止这个动作还没有发生。 3.一般疑问句:“Have you ever been to Beijing?(你去过北京吗?)”当把陈述句变为一般疑问句时,将“have/has”提到主语之前。这里主语“you”是非第三人称单数,所以用“Have”。“ever”表示“曾经”,常出现在现在完成时的一般疑问句中,询问对方是否有过某种经历。 4.特殊疑问句:“How long has she lived here?(她住这儿多久了?)”特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的基础上,在句首添加特殊疑问词。此句中特殊疑问词“How long”用于询问时间长度,询问从过去开始到现在“她住在这里”这个动作持续的时长。 注意:过去分词的变化存在两种情况。规则变化同一般过去时,大部分动词在词尾直接加“ - ed”,例如“work”变为“worked” 。然而,还有一些动词的过去分词属于不规则变化,这就需要特殊记忆了,比如“go”的过去分词是“gone”,“eat”的过去分词是“eaten”。这些不规则变化的动词在英语学习中较为常见,需要同学们牢记,以便准确运用现在完成时。 二、核心用法 用法 1:着重体现过去发生的动作对于当下所产生的影响 / 结果(在此,特别强调 “现在” 这一时间节点)。 标志词:already,用于肯定句中,表示 “已经”;yet,用于否定句和疑问句里,意思为 “还(未)”;just,意为 “刚刚”;ever,表达 “曾经”;never,即 “从未”;before,指 “以前”。例如: I have lost my key.(我钥匙丢了。)(在这个句子中,“丢钥匙” 这一动作发生在过去,而由此产生的结果是现在 “找不到钥匙”,此句着重强调了过去动作所带来的结果。) Has Tom come back?(汤姆回来了吗?)(此句所关心的重点是 “现在汤姆是否在这儿”,而并非 “汤姆何时回来”,突出对现在状态的关注。) She has just cleaned the room.(翻译为:她刚打扫了房间。)(该句表明,由于她刚刚完成了打扫房间这个动作,所以现在 “房间是干净的”,充分体现出过去动作所产生的影响一直持续到现在。) 用法 2:用于描述过去就已经开始,并且一直持续到当前时刻的动作或者状态,这类动作或状态具有可延续性。 标志词:常见的有 “for + 时间段” 形式,例如 “for 3 days”,意味着动作或状态从某个起始点开始,持续了3天的时长;还有 “since + 时间点 / 从句”,像 “since 2020” 表示从2020年这个时间点起,“since he left” 则是以 “he left” 这个从句所描述的事件发生时间点为起始。例如: We have lived in Shanghai for 5 years.(我们在上海住了 5 年。)(“住” 这个动作是从5年前就开始了,一直持续到现在,并且基于语境,这种居住状态还有可能继续持续下去。) He has been ill since last Monday.(他从上周一开始生病。)(此句中,“生病” 属于一种状态,具有可延续性,所以采用 “since + 时间点”(即上周一开始)来表明这种状态的起始时间,并一直延续到现在。) It has been 3 years since she joined the club.(她加入俱乐部 3 年了。)(当遇到像 “join” 这样的瞬间动词时,需要将其转换为具有延续性的状态,也就是 “be in”。这里所使用的句型为 “It is/has been + 时间 + since 过去时”,以此来正确表达从过去某个时间点开始,到现在所经历的时长。) 三、高频考点:从瞬间动词向延续性动词的转换 在英语语法的运用中,对于瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分至关重要。 [错误示例] He has died for 2 years. 这里“die”属于瞬间动词,它所表示的动作在瞬间就已完成,无法持续一段时间,所以此句表达有误。 [正确表达]He has been dead for 2 years. 这里使用了状态动词“be dead”,“be dead”表示一种状态,这种状态是可以持续的,因而能够与表示一段时间的“for 2 years”搭配使用,这样的表达才符合语法规则。 [转换举例] 瞬间动词(动作) 延续性动词(状态) 例句对比 buy(买) have(拥有) She has had the book for a week.(√) She has bought the book for a week.(×) join(加入) be in/be a member He has been in the team since 2022.(√) leave(离开) be away They have been away for 3 days.(√) [对比:现在完成时 vs 一般过去时] 区别 现在完成时 一般过去时 时间焦点 强调 “现在的结果” 强调 “过去的动作” 时间状语 模糊时间(already, since, so far) 具体时间(yesterday, last week) 例句释义 I have seen the film.(已知道内容) I saw the film yesterday.(单纯叙述) 附:现在完成时口诀记忆 “完成时,两用法:过去影响到现在,持续动作未中断。 for 接段,since 接点,瞬间动词要转换。 already 肯定 yet 否,ever/never 表经历。” 核心知识回顾 易混淆标志词对比 1. ago vs before (1) ago 结构:时间段 + ago(如 5 minutes ago, two years ago)。 作用:表示从现在算起的 “多久以前”,是具体时间点,仅用于一般过去时。 例句: 正确:He left ten minutes ago.(他十分钟前离开的。)(动作 left 发生在过去的 “十分钟前”,与现在无关。) 错误:He has left ago.( ago 不能与现在完成时连用。) (2)before 结构:可单独使用(位于句尾)或接宾语(如 before now, before the exam)。 作用:表示 “在过去的某个时间点之前”,是不明确的时间范围,用于现在完成时(强调对现在的影响)。 例句: 正确:I have seen this movie before.(我以前看过这部电影。)(看过的经历对现在的影响:我现在知道电影内容。) 正确:She had finished homework before 9 pm.(她九点前完成了作业。)( 过去完成时,强调在过去某时间点前已完成。) 对比: He ate an apple ago.(错误,需改为just now或具体时间 + ago) He has eaten an apple before.(正确,强调现在不饿) 2. just now vs just (1)just now 相当于 “a moment ago”,表示 “刚刚(发生)”,是明确的过去时间点,仅用于一般过去时。 位置:句尾,无需与其他词连用。 例句: 正确:The bus left just now.(公交车刚刚开走了。)(动作 left 发生在 “刚刚”,现在车已不在) 错误:She has arrived just now.(just now 不与现在完成时连用) (2) just 表示 “刚刚(完成)”,强调动作刚刚结束且结果影响现在,用于现在完成时,位于 have/has 之后。常与 already 隐含搭配(如 “刚做完 = 已经做完”)。 例句: 正确:We have just finished the crowded task.(我们刚完成这项繁琐的任务。)(现在可以休息了,结果影响现在) 正确:He has just secretly sent a message.(他刚刚暗自发送了一条消息。)( 消息已发出,现在可能等待回复) 对比: She called just now.(她刚才打电话了。)→ 过去动作,现在可能没接通 She has just called.(她刚打完电话。)→ 现在通话结束,可能需要回电 【典型错题】 [错题1] 误:I have met him two days ago. 正:I met him two days ago. / I have met him before. 解析:ago 是具体过去时间点,必须用一般过去时;若用现在完成时,需改为 before(不强调具体多久前)。 [错题 2] 误:Has he left just now? 正:Did he leave just now? / Has he just left? 解析:just now 对应一般过去时(助动词用 did);现在完成时用 just(位于 has 后)。 综合实战演练 一、单项选择 1.Since I ________ helping as a volunteer in the school library last term, I _______ both reading books and helping others. A.start; enjoyed B.have started; have enjoyed C.have started; enjoyed D.started; have enjoyed 2.— When ________ you ________ skiing on the mountains in the French Alps? — Three years ago. I ________ that special experience so far. A.did; learn; have not forgotten B.did; learn; didn’t forget C.have; learnt; have not forgotten D.have; learnt; didn’t forget 3.Astronauts (宇航员) on the Chinese Space Station _______ some plants already, and it helps us learn about living in space. A.grew B.were growing C.have grown D.will grow 4.— Where is your father?     — He ________ Australia. A.goes B.went C.has been in D.has gone to 5.As an exchange student, Alan ________ Shijiazhuang for three years. A.has been to B.has been in C.has gone to D.has been 6.—Ms White, how long can I _________ the dictionary?   —No rush, take your time! A.have B.borrow C.lend D.keep 7.Denise _________ the Liaoning Provincial Museum for hours and she will be back at five o’clock. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has gone in 8.—Lucy ________ London. How can I get in touch with her? —Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she comes back. A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to 9.—How long can I ________ this magazine? —For two days. A.borrow B.keep C.see D.lend 10.-________ you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? -No, never. A.Do B.Can C.Have D.Has 11.Nice to see you again. We ________ each other for a long time. A.won’t see B.don’t see C.didn’t see D.haven’t seen 12.—It is ten years ________ we met each other. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A.when; have made B.since; have made C.when; have been D.since; have been 13.How time flies! It has been ten years since I ________ him in Xuzhou. A.meet B.met C.have met D.will meet 14.My brother __________ Dalian for two months. A.has left B.has come to C.has gone to D.has been in 15.Denise __________ work. She will be back at five o’clock. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has gone 16.In the past five years, great changes _________ in our hometown. A.happened B.have happened C.took place D.have taken place 17.The girl _________ several books since then. A.wrote B.has written C.writes D.had written 18.—It’s not easy to be an excellent soccer player even when you ________ over and over again. —I can’t agree with you more. A.practiced B.have practiced C.will practice D.are practicing 19.—It’s raining! When did it start? —I don’t know exactly. In fact, the weather report says that it ________ for two days. A.lasts B.has lasted C.lasted D.will last 20.Ever since then, she ________ a popular reporter. A.be B.is C.was D.has been 21.—When will you return the book? —Sorry, I __________ reading it. Can I give it back to you tomorrow? A.wasn’t finishing B.don’t finish C.haven’t finished D.won’t finish 22.In the past year, he many bad habits and made progress in math. A.changes B.has changed C.is changing D.will change 23.Look at the young teacher, she ________ English for ten years. A.teaches B.is teaching C.has taught D.taught 24.—Sarah, is your mother a teacher? —Yes, she is. She ________ English in China for 12 years. A.will teach B.is teaching C.taught D.has taught 25.In the past few years, Dr. Sun ________ great success in the field of science. A.has achieved B.achieved C.had achieved D.achieves 26.—Why are you in such a hurry? —Because the class ________ for 10 minutes. A.is on B.has been on C.begins D.has begun 27.Elizabeth ________ this book ________ she was a teenager. A.has bought; since B.bought; since C.has had; since D.has bought; from 28.I ________ the storybook from the reading room this morning, and I can ________ it for a week. A.lent; keep B.kept; borrow C.borrowed; keep D.borrowed; lend 29.—How long ________ they ________? —Sorry, I don’t know. But I know that Peter is going to ________ a nurse next week. A.did, marry; marry to B.did, get married; marry with C.have, got married; marry D.have, been married; marry 30.Her son __________ the army for two months. She misses him very much. A.has joined B.has been in C.joined D.was 31.—How long have you ________ the basketball team of the school? —For about two years. A.been in B.been C.joined D.played 32.The old man ________ for five years. A.died B.has died C.has dead D.has been dead 33.Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum (扬州中国大运河博物馆) ________ for about three years, but I ________ there. A.has opened; haven’t gone B.has been open; haven’t been C.has been open; haven’t gone D.has opened; haven’t been 34.________ you ever ________ UFOs? A.Have; seen B.Did; see C.Will; see D.Do; see 35.—____ she ever________ Tower Bridge? —Yes. She________ it two years ago. A.Did; visit; visited B.Has; visited; visited C.Is; visiting; has visited D.Does; visit; visits 36.I ________ think he ________ ever visited the island. A./; hasn’t B.don’t; was C.don’t; has D.don’t; will 37.What’s the best gift John __________ ever received? A.have B.has C.had D.having 38.— ________ you ever_________ to Beijing before?      —No, never. A.Did; go B.Have; been C.Will; go D.Do; go 39.He ________ with us since he returned last month. A.has lived B.lived C.had lived D.lives 40.He ________ with us since he returned last month. A.has lived B.lived C.had lived D.lives 二、单词拼写 41.Jack (be) to Qingdao with his parents twice. 42.— May I speak to Nick? — Sorry, he (go) to Paris and will be back in two days. 43.Millions of people (lay) off in the steel industry since 2000. 44.His grandfather has been (die) for five years. 45.My brother (know) him since he was a child. 46.—What’s up, Sandy? —Look! What a mess! Somebody (break) that window. 47.The little girl (read) many books since she was five years old. 48.We are tired out now because we (ride) the bike for such a long time. 49.Mr Wang (teach) in this school for twenty years. 50.So far they (receive) many applications for the job. 51.I (not see) my English-speaking friends for a long time. I miss them. 52.Recently, an increasing number of people (fall) in love with Hanfu. 53.Yeah! Our team has (win) the basketball match! 54.Shenzhen (change) a lot in the past few years. 55.I simply gave in to him, and I (regret) it ever since. 56.I’ve (see) almost all of the places of interest around Xi’an. 57.They (try) many times to capture our city. 58.Have you (hear) that joke before? 59.I (count) the books twice. 60.Many schools (build) since 5 years ago. 61.Have you (write) the report? 62.Alice has her diary somewhere so that her sister can’t find it. (hide) 63.—Are you interested in the ending of the movie? —No, because she (tell) me the story twice. 64.—What do you think of this song? —It’s so beautiful that I (listen) to it many times. 65.Shenzhen (develop)from a small fishing village into a modern city since 40 years ago. 三、完成句子 66.到目前为止,我学到了很多东西。而且我在英语周期间的经历非常精彩。 , I a lot and my experience during the English Week is so amazing. 67.It is three years since he left Beijing. It three years since he left Beijing. 68.山姆说他已经学习计算机编程两年了。 Sam says he computer programming for two years. 69.从那以后,我和我的老同学保持着联系。 Since then, I with my former classmates. 70.Jack显然已经下定决心出国深造。 Jack has clearly to further his study abroad. 71.他的奶奶已经病了十年了。 His grandma ill for ten years. 72.She has blown out the candles. (变一般疑问句) she the candles? 73.I have been here for twelve years. (改为同义句) I twelve years ago. 74.他们到过兰州。 They to Lanzhou. 75.Jason去年生了一场大病。自那以后,他就过上了健康的生活。 Jason was seriously ill last year. Since then, he . 76.I haven’t got a letter from her since she went to the USA.(保持句意不变) I haven’t her since she went to the USA. 77.I came to Dalian two days ago. (同义句转化) I Dalian for two days. 78.My classmate borrowed a book two weeks ago. My classmates the book two weeks. 79.Alice hasn’t done any shopping yet. Alice hasn’t yet. 80.He came to China ten years ago. Now he is still in China. (合并为一句) He China ten years. 81.He became a teacher in 2015. He a teacher one year ago. 82.The meeting began 5 minutes ago. (同义句转化) The meeting for 5 minutes. 83.The homeless cat died 2 days ago. (同义句转化) The homeless cat for 2 days. 84.I have lived in the city since I was a young child. I have lived in the city since . 85.The Smiths got married 20 years ago. (同义句转换) The Smiths married for 20 years. 86.他已经去过太空博物馆两次了。 He the space museum twice. 87.但是她从未参加过任何一次征文比赛。 But she never any essay competition yet. 88.Miss Gao has taught Chinese in the school for 5 years. (改为同义句) Miss Gao has taught Chinese in the school . 89.我好久都没有收到Nelly叔叔的来信了。 I haven’t Uncle Nelly for a long time. 90.他们已经寻找狗两天了。 They’ve the dog for two days. ( 1 / 1 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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02.Unit 1 This is me(语法知识)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
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02.Unit 1 This is me(语法知识)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
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02.Unit 1 This is me(语法知识)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
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