易错点 09 主谓一致和特殊句式-2025年高考英语语法易错点综合精讲精练（新高考通用）

2025届高考语法易错点 09 主谓一致和特殊句式 目 录 一、主谓一致三大黄金法则 1. 语法一致原则（形式优先） 2. 意义一致原则（语义优先） 3. 就近/就远原则（位置决定） 二、特殊句式四大核心考点 1. 倒装句（完全倒装 & 部分倒装） 2. 强调句（It is...that...） 3. 省略句 4. There be句型延伸考点 三、高考解题三步法 Step 1：抓主干，定主语 Step 2：判原则，选谓语 Step 3：验句式，排干扰 四、高考真题高频陷阱突破 1. 主谓一致经典陷阱 2. 特殊句式命题规律 五、实战演练 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、主谓一致三大黄金法则 1. 语法一致原则（形式优先）：谓语的单复数形式必须与主语的形式严格匹配。 单数主语：不定代词(each / everyone / somebody); 动名词/不定式/从句作主语; “the+形容词”表抽象概念量，谓语动词用单数，表群体时谓语动词用复数。 复数主语：某些形单意复名词(police/cattle等); “both...and...”连接的并列主语。 ① 抽象概念作主语（需特别注意识别）： The widespread use of smartphones has fundamentally altered human communication patterns. Analyzing big data requires sophisticated algorithms and powerful computing resources. ② 特殊结构中的主语判定： What really matters in this situation is the CEO’s final decision. (主语从句) To complete such a complex project within three months seems unrealistic. (不定式短语) ③ 形复意单名词陷阱： The latest news about the breakthrough in quantum computing is spreading rapidly. Measles, though preventable by vaccine, remains a threat in some regions. 【易错警示】 The criteria for selection are (非is) strictly followed by the committee. The data show (非shows) a significant correlation between the variables. 2. 意义一致原则（语义优先） 集体名词（family/team/class）的谓语选择：强调整体→单数；强调成员→复数（My family is/ are...） 真题陷阱：集合名词无复数形式（people/police永远用复数） 数量短语：a number of +复数名词→复数；the number of +复数名词→单数；分数/百分数 + of +名词→由名词决定（60% of students are...） 【深度解析】 ① 集体名词的英美差异： The board is unanimous in its decision. (美式) The board are divided in their opinions. (英式) ② 数量表达的特殊情况： Three quarters of the earth's surface is covered by water. One in five students suffers from test anxiety. (强调个体) ③ 复合主语的语义判断： Law and order is the foundation of a stable society. (视为单一概念) The poet and novelist has just published a new work. (同一人) 3. 就近/就远原则（结构优先） 就近原则（谓语与最近主语一致）：or/either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also；There be句型（There is a book and two pens...） 就远原则（谓语与第一个主语一致）：with/as well as/along with/together with 插入语不影响主语（The teacher, like his students, is...） 【复杂结构辨析】 ① 多层并列结构： Not only the experimental results but also the theoretical framework and its practical applications are being reviewed. (就近) ② 倒装结构中的主谓一致： At the heart of the debate lie the ethical implications of genetic engineering. (完全倒装) ③ 分离主语的判定： The quality, rather than the quantity, of research papers determines academic promotion. (就远) 【高考压轴题训练】 Either the solutions proposed by the research team or the traditional approach ______ (seem) feasible for this particular case. 答案：seems (正式语体遵循语法一致) 【高考特训挑战题】 1.The number of participants who ______ (have) submitted their applications ______ (exceed) our expectations. 答案：have；has 2.What the committee members ______ (disagree) on ______ (be) the implementation timeline. 答案：disagree；is 3.Neither the controversial policy nor the reactions it ______ (have) provoked ______ (indicate) a simple solution. 答案：has；indicate 【应试策略】 1.长难句处理：先剔除定语从句、插入语等修饰成分，暴露核心主语 2.模糊情况判断：当意义和形式冲突时，优先遵循语法一致原则 3.英美差异处理：在书面表达中统一使用一种标准（建议采用美式） 二、特殊句式四大核心考点 1. 倒装句（完全倒装 & 部分倒装） 完全倒装（主谓直接颠倒）：方位副词/介词短语开头（Here comes the bus. / On the wall hangs a picture.） 表语前置（Such was the story. / Gone are the days...） 部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）： 否定词开头（Never / Hardly / Seldom / Not until...） Only+状语位于句首（Only then did I realize...） So/Such...that结构中So / Such提前 Not until...从句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装 ▶方位副词+运动动词（高考长难句典型结构）： Through the dense fog emerged the silhouette of a massive container ship. At the foot of the mountain lies a village untouched by modern civilization. ▶介词短语+状态动词（学术写作常见）： Among the key findings was a surprising correlation between sleep quality and memory retention. Within this framework resides the fundamental contradiction of the theory. 【部分倒装深度解析】 ▶否定词前置（注意从句时态呼应）： Not until the lab results were double-checked did the research team announce their discovery. Under no circumstances shall confidential patient data be disclosed. (情态动词倒装) ▶ Only+状语从句（高考高频难点）： Only when all variables are controlled can the experiment yield valid results. Only after analyzing the raw data did we notice the anomalous pattern. 【So/Such...that强调结构】 ▶社科类文本常见倒装： So compelling was the evidence that the jury reached a verdict within an hour. Such is the complexity of the issue that no simple solution exists. 【Not until...主从倒装】 Not until the final audit was completed were the financial irregularities uncovered. (主句倒装) 对比：The financial irregularities were not uncovered until the final audit was completed. (正常语序) 【高考模拟题实战】 1. Only by adopting sustainable practices ______ we hope to reverse environmental degradation. A. can B. do C. will D. might 答案：A (Only+方式状语倒装) 2. ______ the mysterious manuscript when the librarian noticed missing pages. A. Hardly had they begun to examine B. No sooner they began examining C. Scarcely they had begun examining D. Not until they began to examine 答案：A (Hardly...when...结构倒装) 【易错警示】 ▶让步状语从句as倒装（最易失分点）： Convincing as the argument may seem, it lacks empirical support. (表语提前) Try as we might, we couldn't replicate the experimental results. (动词原形提前) ▶虚拟条件句省略if倒装： Were the financial risks more apparent, investors would have withdrawn. (= If the financial risks were...) Had the alarm been activated earlier, the theft could have been prevented. 【写作提升】 Not only does this theory explain the observed phenomena, but it also provides predictive power. Rarely have we encountered such a clear-cut case of cause and effect. 2.强调句（It is...that...）高考深度解析 (1) 核心结构验证法 公式：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分 验证方法：去掉It is...that后，剩余部分必须能组成完整句子（主谓宾齐全）。 【高考真题例句分析】 原句：The sudden policy change caused market panic. 强调主语：It was the sudden policy change that caused market panic. (验证：The sudden policy change caused market panic. ✅ 完整) 强调宾语：It was market panic that the sudden policy change caused. (验证：The sudden policy change caused market panic. ✅ 完整) 【错误示例】 ❌ It was obvious that the policy caused panic. (去掉It was...that后：Obvious the policy caused panic ❌ 不完整 → 这是主语从句，非强调句） (2)高考高频易混点辨析 句型 结构特点 判断方法 例句 强调句 It is...that...(可去掉) 去掉后句子完整 It was in 2020 that the pandemic started. 主语从句 It is +形容词+ that... that后接完整句子，不可去掉It is It is clear that he lied to all of us. 定语从句 It is +名词+ that... that引导定语修饰名词 It is the book that I recommended. (3)高考长难句强调句拆解 【复杂结构强调句】 强调状语从句： It was only when the data was reanalyzed that the error became apparent. （原句：The error became apparent only when the data was reanalyzed.） 强调主语从句： It is how the algorithm processes information that determines its efficiency. （原句：How the algorithm processes information determines its efficiency.） 【陷阱题】 ❌ It is the scientist who discovered the gene. （如果是定语从句，需有上下文指代；如果是强调句，需能还原为完整句子） (4)写作应用（高分句型） 强调原因：It was due to budget constraints that the project was delayed. 强调方式：It is by adopting this method that accuracy can be improved. 倒装+强调结合（高考高分句式）：Not only was it the cost that concerned investors, but also the potential risks. 3. 省略句 常见省略情况： (1)状语从句省略（When/While/If + 分词） 1. When (you are) preparing for college entrance exams, time management is crucial. (备战高考时，时间管理至关重要。) 2. While (he was) solving the math problem, he suddenly found a shortcut. (解这道数学题时，他突然发现了简便方法。) 3. If (it is) carefully analyzed, this chemistry experiment will yield accurate results. (如果仔细分析，这个化学实验会产生准确结果。) 4. Though (she was) exhausted, she continued reviewing her notes until midnight. (尽管精疲力尽，她仍坚持复习笔记到深夜。) (2)比较从句省略（than/as后省略主谓） 1. The physics final exam was more challenging than (we had) expected. (物理期末考试比预期更具挑战性。) 2. Her essay contains as many rhetorical devices as (those in) the sample paper. (她的作文运用的修辞手法和范文一样多。) 3. He adapts to new environments faster than his classmates (do). (他比同学更快适应新环境。) 4. This research project requires less time than (it required) last semester. (这个研究项目需要的时间比上学期少。) 【高三阶段重点提示】 1. 状语从句省略时，需确保主语与主句一致（如例句1/2主语均为you / he与主句主语一致） 2. 比较从句中，若保留助动词要注意时态匹配（如例句1保留had与主句was时态呼应） 3. 写作中可适当使用省略句提升语言简洁性，但科技文写作需谨慎使用 4. There be句型延伸考点 (1)非谓语变体：there to be / there being ①there to be 用法：多用于表达“未来可能性”或“需要存在”，常见于动词后作宾语（如expect, want, like等）或介词for后。例如： We expect there to be a class meeting about college applications next week. (我们期待下周有一场关于大学申请的班会。) It’s essential for there to be enough evidence before drawing conclusions. (在得出结论前，必须有充足的证据。) ②there being 用法：多表示“已存在的事实”，作介词宾语或独立主格结构。例如： Because of there being too many variables, the experiment failed. (由于存在太多变量，实验失败了。) There being no further questions, the professor ended the lecture. (因为没有更多问题，教授结束了讲座。) 对比练习： ❌ 误：He dreamed of there to be a chance to study abroad. ✅ 正：He dreamed of there being a chance to study abroad. (dream of后接已存在的可能性，用there being) (2)主谓一致：强制就近原则 规则：当There be后接多个主语时，谓语动词与第一个主语的单复数保持一致。例如： 1. There is a textbook, three notebooks, and a calculator on my desk. (桌上有一本教科书、三个笔记本和一个计算器。) → 第一个主语a textbook是单数，用is。 2. There are two essays and a lab report to submit by Friday. (有两篇论文和一份实验报告需在周五前提交。) → 第一个主语"two essays"是复数，用are。 易错点提醒： ❌ 误：There are a student and two teachers in the office. ✅ 正：There is a student and two teachers in the office. (第一个主语a student是单数) (3)高级写作应用（高考读后续写） 原句：The forest was silent, with no animals in sight. 升级版：The forest was silent, there being no animals in sight. (用there being独立主格替换with短语，更简洁高级) 原句：We need more data to prove the theory. 升级版：For the theory to be proven, there needs to be more data. (用there to be强调“需要存在”的条件) (4)真题考点归纳 1. 非谓语判断： 介词后优先用there being（如after, despite, because of） 表“要求/希望”的动词后用there to be（如demand, require） 2. 主谓一致陷阱： 出题人常将复数主语放在第一个位置，诱导误判（如：There are a book and...✖） 三、高考解题三步法 Step 1：抓主干，定主语 【核心技巧】 1. 划去修饰成分：删除定语从句（who/that...）、介词短语（of.../with...）、非谓语结构（doing/done...）等 2. 锁定核心主语：特别注意"名词+后置定语"结构 例句分析： The development of 5G technology, together with artificial intelligence, ______ (be) changing our lifestyles. 划去修饰：删除“, together with artificial intelligence”（插入语） 真正主语：The development of 5G technology（单数） 答案：is 【易错陷阱】 ❌ 误判5G technology and artificial intelligence为复数主语 ✅ 正解：together with是插入语，不影响主谓一致 Step 2：判原则，选谓语 三大原则优先级： 1. 就近原则：or/either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also引导主语时 Neither the students nor the teacher ______ (know) the answer. 答案：knows（靠近谓语的主语是the teacher） 2. 语法一致：集体名词（family/team等）强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数 Our class ______ (be) discussing the project now. 答案：is（强调整体行动） 3. 意义一致：时间/距离/金钱等复数名词表单一概念时用单数 Ten years ______ (be) a long time to wait. 答案：is Step 3：验句式，排干扰 1. 倒装句还原语序 On the wall ______ (hang) two paintings by Van Gogh. 还原：Two paintings by Van Gogh hang on the wall. 答案：hang 2. 强调句删除测试 It is the experimental data that ______ (show) the theory's validity. 删除It is...that：The experimental data shows... 答案：shows（data是复数，但此处指"数据集"整体用单数） 3. 省略句补全成分 Physics ______ (be) more difficult than chemistry. 补全：Physics is more difficult than chemistry (is). 答案：is（学科名称作单数） 【命题规律】近5年高考中，60%主谓一致题需先删除"of/in/with..."等修饰成分，30%涉及就近原则，10%考查倒装/强调句式还原。 四、高考真题高频陷阱突破 1. 主谓一致经典陷阱 (1)“A pair of + 复数名词”→谓语用单数，例如： A pair of glasses is on the desk.（一副眼镜在桌上。） This pair of shoes fits me well.（这双鞋很合脚。） 易错点： ❌ A pair of shoes are expensive.（✖ 误用复数） ✅ A pair of shoes is expensive.（✔ 正确） (2)“Many a +单数名词”→谓语用单数（正式用语），例如： Many a student has failed this exam.（许多学生这次考试不及格。） Many a book has been written on this topic.（许多书都写过这个话题。） 【对比】Many students have failed.（普通表达，复数） Many a student has failed.（正式表达，单数） (3)其他易错主谓一致结构 结构 谓语规则 例 句 The number of... 单数 The number of applicants has increased. A number of... 复数 A number of students are absent. Each/Every... 单数 Every boy and girl has a textbook. None of... 可单可复(正式用单数) None of the answers is correct. (更正式) 2. 特殊句式命题规律 (1)倒装句（常与否定词/Only组合出题） 常见倒装结构：Not until... did... Not until midnight did he finish his homework.（直到半夜他才完成作业。） Never / Seldom / Hardly... +助动词+主语 Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。） Only + 状语（从句）+倒装 Only when he left did I realize the truth.（只有当他离开时，我才意识到真相。） (2)强调句（It is/was... that...） 判断方法：去掉It is/was... that...后，句子仍然完整。 强调句：It was the teacher that helped me.（是老师帮助了我。） → 还原：The teacher helped me.（句子完整，是强调句） 非强调句：It was clear that he was lying.（很明显他在撒谎。） → 还原：Clear he was lying.（不完整，不是强调句） (3)干扰项：强调句 vs. 定语从句/主语从句 句式 特点 例 句 强调句 去掉It is... that...后句子仍成立 It was the book that inspired me.（是这本书激励了我。）→ The book inspired me.（✔ 完整） 定语从句 that引导从句修饰名词 The book that inspired me is on the desk.（激励我的那本书在桌上。） 主语从句 that引导完整句子作主语 That he succeeded is amazing.（他成功了，这很惊人。） 【高考模拟题实战演练】 1. Not until he checked his phone ______ (realize) he had missed an important message. 解析：Not until 开头，句子需倒装，且时态为过去时（checked → did realize） 答案：did he realize 2. It was his determination, not his talent, ______ (lead) to his success. 解析：强调句结构（It was... that...），主语是"his determination"，单数 答案：that led 【总结】如何避免陷阱？ 1. 主谓一致：先找真正主语，注意特殊结构（pair of/many a/number of...） 2. 倒装句：看到Not/Never/Only开头，立刻考虑助动词提前 3. 强调句：做“删除测试”，看剩余部分是否完整 五、实战演练 （一）高考练场 1. (2024年新课标高考I卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ (the) first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2. (2024年新课标高考II卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___ (to) Romeo and Juliet. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 3. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 4. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 5. (2022·新高考全国II卷) Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。这是一个“sb. be doing sth.when...”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 6. (2022·浙江卷1月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构来判断，句子中是一个动名词做主语，一般判断为单数。根据全文时态看，这里用一般现在时或现在完成时均可。故填is viewed / has been viewed。 7. (2022·浙江卷1月) But Cobb and others _________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句中主语是Cobb and others，为复数。另外，句中有时间状语now，用现在时，和questioning一起构成现在进行时。故填are。 8. (2021·全国I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句中主语是it，为单数。另外，句中有时间状语then，用过去时。故填was。 9. (2021·全国II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填was。 10. (2021·浙江卷6月) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构分析，第二个分句中的主语是Lincoln’s home，表示单数。另外句中有since引导的时间状语从句，用完成时。故填has proved。 11. (2021·浙江卷6月) Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home _________ (paint) white. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：玛丽的侄女写道: “这个小家被漆成了白色。句子主语是表物的单数名词，又用于直接引语中，用现在时态。故填is painted。 12. (2021·浙江卷1月) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本句中的主语是单数名词a BMI，表物。再根据上文的时态判断，用现在时。故填is considered。 13. (2021·浙江卷1月) In cities, however, the gain _________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本句上文中的那一句中有时间状语between 1985 and 2017，因此这个句子中也应用过去时态。故填was。 14. (2020·全国I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：博物馆向公众开放的部分称为画廊或画室。句中的主语是表物的名词parts，是一个复数形式。故填are called。 15. (2020·全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _________ (be) on display. 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。句子中的主语是a small part，为单数。根据本句的上文可知，时态为现在时。故填is。 16. (2020·全国II卷) Because the number of possible topics _________ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 【解析】考查主谓一致。“the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式，由于时态是一般现在时，所以填is。 17. (2020·浙江卷6月) And, as more children were born, more food _________ (need), agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。根据句子结构分析，此空应该和前一句保持一致，用被动形式。另外，more food是不可数名词，谓语用单数。故填was needed。 18. (2020·浙江卷1月) The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 _________ (be) 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。根据句子结构分析，句子主语是The median age，单数形式。再根据下文的时态判断，应用现在时态。故填is。 （2） 模拟训练 1.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）In 1655, this mountain (rename) Jingshan and underwent significant ___ (expansion) during the Qianlong era, with all buildings constructed according to royal palace standards, making it an important part of the Forbidden City. 【解析】was renamed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：1655年，这座山被更名为“景山”，在乾隆时期经历了重大扩建。主语“mountain”与动词“rename”为被动关系，且根据“In 1655”可知，时间为一般过去时。主谓一致，故填was renamed。 2.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）In fact, creating meaningful friendships (require) time. According to a study by researchers at the University of Kansas, a relationship takes about 50 hours together in the ___ (shared) activities to shift from just acquaintances (相识) to casual friends. 【解析】requires 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：事实上，建立有意义的友谊需要时间。本句陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语为动名词短语creating meaningful friendships，谓语动词用require“需要”的第三人称单数形式。故填requires。 3.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）The victory of athletes from China, along with (those) from Hong Kong and China’s Taiwan region, and other Asian nations, (reflect) a newfound confidence and capability across the continent. 【解析】reflects 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：来自中国、中国香港和中国台湾地区以及其他亚洲国家的运动员的胜利，反映了整个亚洲大陆新发现的自信和能力。空处为句子的谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为The victory of athletes，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。 4.（24-25高三下·海南海口·阶段练习）The researchers behind DeepSeek (make) numerous efforts to improve its algorithms and performance. 【解析】have made 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：DeepSeek背后的研究人员为提高其算法和性能做出了大量努力。主语The researchers与动词make之间是主动关系，且动作发生在过去并对现在有影响，且根据后文have incorporated可知应用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have made。 5.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Since 2015, Li has started posting short videos on Sina Weibo, ___ (where) she, often dressed in graceful traditional garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds, harvests flowers, __________ (cook) Chinese dishes and crafts bamboo furniture. 【解析】cooks 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2015年以来，李开始在新浪微博上发布短视频，在视频中，她经常穿着优雅的传统服装，日出而起，日落而眠，播种，收割，烹饪中国菜和制作竹家具。空处和rises、rests、plants 和harvests并列，使用动词三单形式，故填cooks。 6.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Moreover, the tea ceremony (become) popular in many parts of the world, as people are (increasingly) interested in Chinese culture and alternative ways of living. 【解析】has become 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，茶道在世界许多地方变得流行起来，因为人们对中国文化和另类生活方式越来越感兴趣。become(变得)是谓语动词，根据语境可知，“茶道变得流行”这一动作从过去开始持续到现在，对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时态，主语the tea ceremony是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has become。 7.（2025·重庆·一模）Among the students (be) 66-year-old Ray Magri, (which) has been studying Chinese for five years, driven by his passion for Chinese culture. 【解析】is 考查时态，主谓一致和倒装。句意：学生中有66岁的Ray Magri，由于对中国文化的热爱，他已经学习中文五年了。句子是全部倒装，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，真正的主语是66-year-old Ray Magri，是单数，因此空格处用is。故填is。 8.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）According to Huang, the linguistic creativity on short-video platforms __________ (reach) unprecedented levels, particularly among younger generations. 【解析】has reached 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据黄安靖介绍，短视频平台上的语言创造力已经达到了前所未有的水平，尤其是在年轻一代中。reach(达到)是谓语动词，与主语the linguistic creativity之间是主动关系，结合句意，强调过去的事情造成的影响，用现在完成时态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。 9.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）The history of the teas on offer (date) back more than 1,000 years, and the crafting techniques of Enshi Yulu and Qingzhuan Tea have become national intangible cultural heritages. 【解析】dates 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：所售茶叶的历史可以追溯到1000多年前，恩施玉露和青砖茶的制作技术已成为国家非物质文化遗产。date back表示“追溯到”，在句中作谓语，讲述一般事实时态为一般现在时，主语history，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。 10.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Higher intensity physical activity (find) to be associated with lower risk of an early death from all causes, but the difference is most (noticeable) when it comes to cardiovascular disease. 【解析】noticeable 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：研究发现，高强度的体育活动与各种原因导致的早死风险较低有关，但这种差异在心血管疾病方面最为明显。设空处为谓语，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Higher intensity physical activity和谓语之间是被动语态，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数，故填is found。 11.（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）His story, which (view) more than 19 million times up till now, has gone viral (在网上快速传播的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and he wins admiration from its users ___ (for) his courage, determination and hard work. 【解析】has been viewed 考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，他的故事已经在社交媒体平台新浪微博上传播了超过1900万次，他的勇气、决心和努力赢得了用户的赞赏。该空为非限制性定语从句谓语部分，分析句子结构和意思可知，由时间状语up till now可判断，从句谓语应为现在完成时，且从句主语which指代先行词his story与从句谓语动词view之间是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been viewed。 12.（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）According to some academic studies, sugar painting (date) back to the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were made in moulds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religion ceremonies. 【解析】dates 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画可以追溯到明朝，当时在宗教仪式中，作为祭品的一部分，糖画动物和人物用模具制作。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。主语sugar painting为第三人称单数。故填dates。 13.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）Why is it always the third son who (behave) differently from his two older brothers, thus (winning) the princess? 【解析】behaves 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主？所填动词作从句的谓语动词；结合语境，这里讲述客观事实，用一般现在时，且从句主语“the third son”为第三人称单数，动词用单数形式。故填behaves。 14.（24-25高三下·山东泰安·阶段练习）Competition in the artificial intelligence sector is heating up. The rise of DeepSeek (underline) China’s growing innovation in cutting-edge technology. 【解析】underlines 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：DeepSeek的崛起突显了中国在前沿技术领域不断增长的创新能力。此处描述的是一般事实，时态应用一般现在时；句子主语 The rise of DeepSeek是第三人称单数，所以谓语用动词underline“强调，突显”的第三人称单数形式underlines。故填underlines。 15.（2025·陕西安康·三模）Watermelon is an ancient food that (believe) to have originated in Africa. Historians have found evidence of watermelon planting as far back as 4,000 years ago. 【解析】is believed 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：西瓜是一种古老的食物，被认为起源于非洲。分析句子可知，believe(认为)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词an ancient food)之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是that，指代前面的单数名词an ancient food，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填is believed。 16.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Originally, fireworks and red decorations in front of homes   (mean) to scare away a mythical beast called “nian”. 【解析】were meant 考查固定句型和主谓一致。句意：最初，在家门口放烟花和红色装饰品是为了吓跑神话中的怪兽“年”。短语be meant to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，根据上文Originally可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语为fireworks and red decorations，be动词使用were。故填were meant。 17.（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）On December 4th, 2024, a truly thrilling milestone (reach) as China’s Spring Festival was inscribed (收录) on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, marking a (notable) achievement. 【解析】was reached 考查时态与语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年12月4日，中国春节被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表名录》，这是一个令人激动的里程碑，标志着一项令人瞩目的成就。主语是“milestone（里程碑）”与动词“reach（达到）”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，并且时间状语“on December 4th, 2024”明确指出动作发生在过去，因此用过去时态。故填was reached。 18.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）Although traditionally favored by older generations, Yue opera recently __________ (see) a resurgence among young Chinese after the viral success of one theater’s adaptation of a classic’ 90s action movie — New Dragon Gate Inn.  【解析】has seen 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管越剧传统上更受老一辈人的喜爱，但自从一家剧院改编的90年代经典动作电影《新龙门客栈》在网络上爆红后，越剧最近在年轻的中国观众中迎来了复兴。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“recently”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“Yue opera”，单数，和动词“see”之间为主动关系。故填has seen。 19.（24-25高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习）When they came to school in September, the students __________ (shock) to learn that their class teacher was a P.E. teacher. 【解析】were shocked 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当他们九月回到学校时，学生们惊讶地发现他们的班主任竟然是一名体育老师。空处作谓语，根据“came”可知，使用一般过去时，主语the students和shock为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were shocked。 20.（2024·江苏·模拟预测）So far the technique (help) reduce the building’s need for air conditioning by 50%. Cool, huh? 【解析】has helped 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这项技术已经帮助该建筑减少了50%的空调需求。此处应为谓语动词，主语the technique与help为主动关系，再由So far可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has helped。 21.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）The Beijing Central Axis, the best-preserved example of traditional central axis architecture in China, (extend) 7.8 km from Yongding Gate in the south (to) the Bell and Drum Towers in the north. 【解析】extends 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：北京中轴线是中国传统中轴线建筑中保存最完好的例子，从南部的永定门延伸到北部的钟楼和鼓楼，全长7.8公里。空处为该句谓语动词，时态为一般现在时，且主语为The Beijing Central Axis，为第三人称单数，故空处应填extends。故填extends。 22.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）“This furniture (make) without veneers (饰面),” he says. 【解析】is made 考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：他说：“这些家具没有贴面。”主语furniture与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语furniture是不可数名词，因此空格处是is made。故填is made。 23.（24-25高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）Upon this solid foundation, the name of China (carve) in history through establishing the world’s first oceanic route — the Maritime Silk Road, sailing from the calm waters of the South China Sea to the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean. 【解析】was carved 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在这个坚实的基础上，开辟了世界上第一条海上航线——海上丝绸之路，从风平浪静的南海通往广袤无垠的印度洋，中国的名字由此被载入史册。主语the name of China与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Upon this solid foundation可知发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was carved。 24.（2024·湖北襄阳·一模）Weifang nut carving (date) back to the Qing Dynasty. 【解析】dates 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：潍坊坚果雕刻的历史可以追溯到清朝。此处描述从现在追溯历史，date back to“追溯到”一般用一般现在时，主语Weifang nut carving为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 25.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）“As the United States tightens its grip on Chinese tech companies ___ (both) through hardware and software restrictions, Chinese startups, not even big names, (break) such hegemony with independent innovations and smart breakthroughs,” said Wang Peng, a researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences. 【解析】are breaking 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：北京社会科学院研究员Wang Peng表示：“随着美国通过硬件和软件限制加强对中国科技公司的控制，中国的初创公司，甚至不是大公司，正在通过自主创新和智能突破打破这种霸权。”句子描述现在正在进行的事情，时态用现在进行时，主语startups是复数，因此空格处用are breaking。故填are breaking。 26.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）By staying smart, Wang said that DeepSeek (carve) out a new technical path for large models that doesn’t rely on high-end chips and saves on computing power, ___ (which) bypassed the chip trap of the US. 【解析】has carved 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：王说，通过保持智能，DeepSeek已经为大型模型开辟了一条新的技术道路，不依赖高端芯片，节省计算能力，绕过了美国的芯片陷阱。根据语境可知，描述过去的事情对现在的影响，时态用现在完成时，主语DeepSeek是不可数名词，因此空格处是has carved。故填has carved。 27.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The chatbot also revealed that the company (increase) the domestic production rate of key intellectual properties with the help of a homegrown supply chain alliance. 【解析】has increased 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该聊天机器人还透露，该公司在本土供应链联盟的帮助下，提高了关键知识产权的国产化率。根据语境可知，描述过去的事情一直延续到现在，句子时态用现在完成时，主语company是单数，因此空格处是has increased。故填has increased。 28.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）At the heart of tai chi (lie) the profound concept of yin and yang. 【解析】lies 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：太极的核心是阴阳的深刻概念。此句是全部倒装句，主语是the profound concept of yin and yang，是第三人称单数形式，且句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。故填lies。 29.（2025·湖南长沙·一模）“Book fairs like this and working with publishers globally, including those from China, __________ (be) essential for sharing knowledge,” said Martin Liu, chief operating officer and publisher at LID Publishing. 【解析】are 考查主谓一致。句意：“像这样的书展和与全球出版商的合作，包括中国的出版商，对于知识共享至关重要，”LID出版的首席运营官兼出版商Martin Liu说。句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为“Book fairs like this and working with publishers globally”，中心词为fairs，为复数名词，故谓语动词应用复数。故填are。 30.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）Over the past several months, the company (conduct) a deeper study. 【解析】has conducted 考查时态、主谓一致。句意：在过去几个月里，该公司进行了更深入的研究。conduct“实施”。根据时间状语Over the past several months可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语the company为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has conducted。 31.（24-25高三上·云南曲靖·期末）The term (increase) in usage frequency by 230% in the last two years. 【解析】has increased 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这个术语的使用频率在过去两年里增加了230%。increase(增加)是谓语动词，与主语The term之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“in the last two years”可知，讲述过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时态，主语是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has increased。 32.（24-25高三上·云南曲靖·期末）The first recorded use of ‌“brain rot” (find) in 1854 in Henry David Thoreau’s book Walden, which reports his experiences of living a simple lifestyle in the natural world. 【解析】was found 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：“brain rot”的首次有记录使用是在1854年亨利·戴维·梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》一书中被发现的，该书记录了他在自然世界中过简单生活的经历。find(发现)是主句谓语动词，与主语The first recorded use之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“in 1854”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was found。 33.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）“This sense of pride (base) on rational thinking,” said professor SuJunbin of Xiamen University. 【解析】is based 考查短语和时态。句意：“这种自豪感是基于理性思考，”厦门大学教授苏俊斌说。be based on以……为基础，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数，故填is based。 34.（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）But to look at Black Myth: Wukong purely through the lens of market sizes and tastes (be) a harm that hides the most critical fact of all: it’s a fantastic game. 【解析】is 考查主谓一致。句意：但是单纯从市场规模和口味的角度来看《黑神话：悟空》是一种伤害，这种做法掩盖了一个最为关键的事实：这是一款非常出色的游戏。to look at Black Myth: Wukong purely through the lens of market sizes and tastes是不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 35.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）This Great Big Story (make) possible by United Bank of Switzerland. 【解析】was made 考查时态语、态和主谓一致。句意：这个Great Big Story是由瑞士联合银行赞助的。此处为谓语动词，结合句意，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，make与主语“This Great Big Story”之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was made。 36.（2025·广东深圳·二模）The sinking by a US submarine happened (as) the vessel did not bear a sign indicating it was carrying POWs, who were battened (封住底舱) down below deck at the time and who __________ (leave) to drown by the Japanese soldiers on the ship. 【解析】were left 考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：被一艘美国潜艇击沉的原因是这艘船没有挂载战俘的标志，当时这些战俘被绑在甲板下面，被船上的日本士兵丢下，等着淹死。战俘是被留下，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，who指代的先行词POWs是复数，因此空格处是were left，故填were left。 37.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In the past, Chinese animation (see) as products for a younger audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities (which) struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese animation. 【解析】was seen 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去，中国动画被视为面向年轻观众的产品，其技术标准和叙事能力难以与好莱坞或日本动画相媲美。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In the past可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语Chinese animation和动词see之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was seen。 38.（2024·河北·二模）The entrance to each cave (block) by a locked door, which can only be opened by expert guides. 【解析】is blocked 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：每个洞穴的入口都被一扇锁着的门堵住了，只有专业的导游才能打开。分析句子可知，block“阻塞”是句中谓语动词，与主语The entrance“入口”之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填is blocked。 39.（24-25高三下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）“It is only when tourists feel the warmth of the city and the goodwill of its citizens 30 they blend into local life.” said Dai Bin, president of China Tourism Academy. 【解析】that 考查强调句型。句意：中国旅游研究院院长戴斌表示：“只有当游客感受到城市的温暖以及市民的友好善意时，他们才会融入当地的生活。”空处为强调句型：it is…+that…，对状语only when tourists feel the warmth of the city and the goodwill of its citizens进行强调。故填that。 40.（24-25高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）It was during this period all the navigation routes along the Chinese coast were unimpeded (畅通的). 【解析】that 考查强调句。句意：正是在这一时期，中国沿海的所有航线畅通无阻。此处为强调句：it was+被强调部分+ that/who+其他，被强调部分为during this period，故填that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高考语法易错点 09 主谓一致和特殊句式 目 录 一、主谓一致三大黄金法则 1. 语法一致原则（形式优先） 2. 意义一致原则（语义优先） 3. 就近/就远原则（位置决定） 二、特殊句式四大核心考点 1. 倒装句（完全倒装 & 部分倒装） 2. 强调句（It is...that...） 3. 省略句 4. There be句型延伸考点 三、高考解题三步法 Step 1：抓主干，定主语 Step 2：判原则，选谓语 Step 3：验句式，排干扰 四、高考真题高频陷阱突破 1. 主谓一致经典陷阱 2. 特殊句式命题规律 五、实战演练 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、主谓一致三大黄金法则 1. 语法一致原则（形式优先）：谓语的单复数形式必须与主语的形式严格匹配。 单数主语：不定代词(each / everyone / somebody); 动名词/不定式/从句作主语; “the+形容词”表抽象概念量，谓语动词用单数，表群体时谓语动词用复数。 复数主语：某些形单意复名词(police/cattle等); “both...and...”连接的并列主语。 ① 抽象概念作主语（需特别注意识别）： The widespread use of smartphones has fundamentally altered human communication patterns. Analyzing big data requires sophisticated algorithms and powerful computing resources. ② 特殊结构中的主语判定： What really matters in this situation is the CEO’s final decision. (主语从句) To complete such a complex project within three months seems unrealistic. (不定式短语) ③ 形复意单名词陷阱： The latest news about the breakthrough in quantum computing is spreading rapidly. Measles, though preventable by vaccine, remains a threat in some regions. 【易错警示】 The criteria for selection are (非is) strictly followed by the committee. The data show (非shows) a significant correlation between the variables. 2. 意义一致原则（语义优先） 集体名词（family/team/class）的谓语选择：强调整体→单数；强调成员→复数（My family is/ are...） 真题陷阱：集合名词无复数形式（people/police永远用复数） 数量短语：a number of +复数名词→复数；the number of +复数名词→单数；分数/百分数 + of +名词→由名词决定（60% of students are...） 【深度解析】 ① 集体名词的英美差异： The board is unanimous in its decision. (美式) The board are divided in their opinions. (英式) ② 数量表达的特殊情况： Three quarters of the earth's surface is covered by water. One in five students suffers from test anxiety. (强调个体) ③ 复合主语的语义判断： Law and order is the foundation of a stable society. (视为单一概念) The poet and novelist has just published a new work. (同一人) 3. 就近/就远原则（结构优先） 就近原则（谓语与最近主语一致）：or/either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also；There be句型（There is a book and two pens...） 就远原则（谓语与第一个主语一致）：with/as well as/along with/together with 插入语不影响主语（The teacher, like his students, is...） 【复杂结构辨析】 ① 多层并列结构： Not only the experimental results but also the theoretical framework and its practical applications are being reviewed. (就近) ② 倒装结构中的主谓一致： At the heart of the debate lie the ethical implications of genetic engineering. (完全倒装) ③ 分离主语的判定： The quality, rather than the quantity, of research papers determines academic promotion. (就远) 【高考压轴题训练】 Either the solutions proposed by the research team or the traditional approach ______ (seem) feasible for this particular case. 答案：seems (正式语体遵循语法一致) 【高考特训挑战题】 1.The number of participants who ______ (have) submitted their applications ______ (exceed) our expectations. 答案：have；has 2.What the committee members ______ (disagree) on ______ (be) the implementation timeline. 答案：disagree；is 3.Neither the controversial policy nor the reactions it ______ (have) provoked ______ (indicate) a simple solution. 答案：has；indicate 【应试策略】 1.长难句处理：先剔除定语从句、插入语等修饰成分，暴露核心主语 2.模糊情况判断：当意义和形式冲突时，优先遵循语法一致原则 3.英美差异处理：在书面表达中统一使用一种标准（建议采用美式） 二、特殊句式四大核心考点 1. 倒装句（完全倒装 & 部分倒装） 完全倒装（主谓直接颠倒）：方位副词/介词短语开头（Here comes the bus. / On the wall hangs a picture.） 表语前置（Such was the story. / Gone are the days...） 部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）： 否定词开头（Never / Hardly / Seldom / Not until...） Only+状语位于句首（Only then did I realize...） So/Such...that结构中So / Such提前 Not until...从句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装 ▶方位副词+运动动词（高考长难句典型结构）： Through the dense fog emerged the silhouette of a massive container ship. At the foot of the mountain lies a village untouched by modern civilization. ▶介词短语+状态动词（学术写作常见）： Among the key findings was a surprising correlation between sleep quality and memory retention. Within this framework resides the fundamental contradiction of the theory. 【部分倒装深度解析】 ▶否定词前置（注意从句时态呼应）： Not until the lab results were double-checked did the research team announce their discovery. Under no circumstances shall confidential patient data be disclosed. (情态动词倒装) ▶ Only+状语从句（高考高频难点）： Only when all variables are controlled can the experiment yield valid results. Only after analyzing the raw data did we notice the anomalous pattern. 【So/Such...that强调结构】 ▶社科类文本常见倒装： So compelling was the evidence that the jury reached a verdict within an hour. Such is the complexity of the issue that no simple solution exists. 【Not until...主从倒装】 Not until the final audit was completed were the financial irregularities uncovered. (主句倒装) 对比：The financial irregularities were not uncovered until the final audit was completed. (正常语序) 【高考模拟题实战】 1. Only by adopting sustainable practices ______ we hope to reverse environmental degradation. A. can B. do C. will D. might 答案：A (Only+方式状语倒装) 2. ______ the mysterious manuscript when the librarian noticed missing pages. A. Hardly had they begun to examine B. No sooner they began examining C. Scarcely they had begun examining D. Not until they began to examine 答案：A (Hardly...when...结构倒装) 【易错警示】 ▶让步状语从句as倒装（最易失分点）： Convincing as the argument may seem, it lacks empirical support. (表语提前) Try as we might, we couldn't replicate the experimental results. (动词原形提前) ▶虚拟条件句省略if倒装： Were the financial risks more apparent, investors would have withdrawn. (= If the financial risks were...) Had the alarm been activated earlier, the theft could have been prevented. 【写作提升】 Not only does this theory explain the observed phenomena, but it also provides predictive power. Rarely have we encountered such a clear-cut case of cause and effect. 2.强调句（It is...that...）高考深度解析 (1) 核心结构验证法 公式：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分 验证方法：去掉It is...that后，剩余部分必须能组成完整句子（主谓宾齐全）。 【高考真题例句分析】 原句：The sudden policy change caused market panic. 强调主语：It was the sudden policy change that caused market panic. (验证：The sudden policy change caused market panic. ✅ 完整) 强调宾语：It was market panic that the sudden policy change caused. (验证：The sudden policy change caused market panic. ✅ 完整) 【错误示例】 ❌ It was obvious that the policy caused panic. (去掉It was...that后：Obvious the policy caused panic ❌ 不完整 → 这是主语从句，非强调句） (2)高考高频易混点辨析 句型 结构特点 判断方法 例句 强调句 It is...that...(可去掉) 去掉后句子完整 It was in 2020 that the pandemic started. 主语从句 It is +形容词+ that... that后接完整句子，不可去掉It is It is clear that he lied to all of us. 定语从句 It is +名词+ that... that引导定语修饰名词 It is the book that I recommended. (3)高考长难句强调句拆解 【复杂结构强调句】 强调状语从句： It was only when the data was reanalyzed that the error became apparent. （原句：The error became apparent only when the data was reanalyzed.） 强调主语从句： It is how the algorithm processes information that determines its efficiency. （原句：How the algorithm processes information determines its efficiency.） 【陷阱题】 ❌ It is the scientist who discovered the gene. （如果是定语从句，需有上下文指代；如果是强调句，需能还原为完整句子） (4)写作应用（高分句型） 强调原因：It was due to budget constraints that the project was delayed. 强调方式：It is by adopting this method that accuracy can be improved. 倒装+强调结合（高考高分句式）：Not only was it the cost that concerned investors, but also the potential risks. 3. 省略句 常见省略情况： (1)状语从句省略（When/While/If + 分词） 1. When (you are) preparing for college entrance exams, time management is crucial. (备战高考时，时间管理至关重要。) 2. While (he was) solving the math problem, he suddenly found a shortcut. (解这道数学题时，他突然发现了简便方法。) 3. If (it is) carefully analyzed, this chemistry experiment will yield accurate results. (如果仔细分析，这个化学实验会产生准确结果。) 4. Though (she was) exhausted, she continued reviewing her notes until midnight. (尽管精疲力尽，她仍坚持复习笔记到深夜。) (2)比较从句省略（than/as后省略主谓） 1. The physics final exam was more challenging than (we had) expected. (物理期末考试比预期更具挑战性。) 2. Her essay contains as many rhetorical devices as (those in) the sample paper. (她的作文运用的修辞手法和范文一样多。) 3. He adapts to new environments faster than his classmates (do). (他比同学更快适应新环境。) 4. This research project requires less time than (it required) last semester. (这个研究项目需要的时间比上学期少。) 【高三阶段重点提示】 1. 状语从句省略时，需确保主语与主句一致（如例句1/2主语均为you / he与主句主语一致） 2. 比较从句中，若保留助动词要注意时态匹配（如例句1保留had与主句was时态呼应） 3. 写作中可适当使用省略句提升语言简洁性，但科技文写作需谨慎使用 4. There be句型延伸考点 (1)非谓语变体：there to be / there being ①there to be 用法：多用于表达“未来可能性”或“需要存在”，常见于动词后作宾语（如expect, want, like等）或介词for后。例如： We expect there to be a class meeting about college applications next week. (我们期待下周有一场关于大学申请的班会。) It’s essential for there to be enough evidence before drawing conclusions. (在得出结论前，必须有充足的证据。) ②there being 用法：多表示“已存在的事实”，作介词宾语或独立主格结构。例如： Because of there being too many variables, the experiment failed. (由于存在太多变量，实验失败了。) There being no further questions, the professor ended the lecture. (因为没有更多问题，教授结束了讲座。) 对比练习： ❌ 误：He dreamed of there to be a chance to study abroad. ✅ 正：He dreamed of there being a chance to study abroad. (dream of后接已存在的可能性，用there being) (2)主谓一致：强制就近原则 规则：当There be后接多个主语时，谓语动词与第一个主语的单复数保持一致。例如： 1. There is a textbook, three notebooks, and a calculator on my desk. (桌上有一本教科书、三个笔记本和一个计算器。) → 第一个主语a textbook是单数，用is。 2. There are two essays and a lab report to submit by Friday. (有两篇论文和一份实验报告需在周五前提交。) → 第一个主语"two essays"是复数，用are。 易错点提醒： ❌ 误：There are a student and two teachers in the office. ✅ 正：There is a student and two teachers in the office. (第一个主语a student是单数) (3)高级写作应用（高考读后续写） 原句：The forest was silent, with no animals in sight. 升级版：The forest was silent, there being no animals in sight. (用there being独立主格替换with短语，更简洁高级) 原句：We need more data to prove the theory. 升级版：For the theory to be proven, there needs to be more data. (用there to be强调“需要存在”的条件) (4)真题考点归纳 1. 非谓语判断： 介词后优先用there being（如after, despite, because of） 表“要求/希望”的动词后用there to be（如demand, require） 2. 主谓一致陷阱： 出题人常将复数主语放在第一个位置，诱导误判（如：There are a book and...✖） 三、高考解题三步法 Step 1：抓主干，定主语 【核心技巧】 1. 划去修饰成分：删除定语从句（who/that...）、介词短语（of.../with...）、非谓语结构（doing/done...）等 2. 锁定核心主语：特别注意"名词+后置定语"结构 例句分析： The development of 5G technology, together with artificial intelligence, ______ (be) changing our lifestyles. 划去修饰：删除“, together with artificial intelligence”（插入语） 真正主语：The development of 5G technology（单数） 答案：is 【易错陷阱】 ❌ 误判5G technology and artificial intelligence为复数主语 ✅ 正解：together with是插入语，不影响主谓一致 Step 2：判原则，选谓语 三大原则优先级： 1. 就近原则：or/either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also引导主语时 Neither the students nor the teacher ______ (know) the answer. 答案：knows（靠近谓语的主语是the teacher） 2. 语法一致：集体名词（family/team等）强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数 Our class ______ (be) discussing the project now. 答案：is（强调整体行动） 3. 意义一致：时间/距离/金钱等复数名词表单一概念时用单数 Ten years ______ (be) a long time to wait. 答案：is Step 3：验句式，排干扰 1. 倒装句还原语序 On the wall ______ (hang) two paintings by Van Gogh. 还原：Two paintings by Van Gogh hang on the wall. 答案：hang 2. 强调句删除测试 It is the experimental data that ______ (show) the theory's validity. 删除It is...that：The experimental data shows... 答案：shows（data是复数，但此处指"数据集"整体用单数） 3. 省略句补全成分 Physics ______ (be) more difficult than chemistry. 补全：Physics is more difficult than chemistry (is). 答案：is（学科名称作单数） 【命题规律】近5年高考中，60%主谓一致题需先删除"of/in/with..."等修饰成分，30%涉及就近原则，10%考查倒装/强调句式还原。 四、高考真题高频陷阱突破 1. 主谓一致经典陷阱 (1)“A pair of + 复数名词”→谓语用单数，例如： A pair of glasses is on the desk.（一副眼镜在桌上。） This pair of shoes fits me well.（这双鞋很合脚。） 易错点： ❌ A pair of shoes are expensive.（✖ 误用复数） ✅ A pair of shoes is expensive.（✔ 正确） (2)“Many a +单数名词”→谓语用单数（正式用语），例如： Many a student has failed this exam.（许多学生这次考试不及格。） Many a book has been written on this topic.（许多书都写过这个话题。） 【对比】Many students have failed.（普通表达，复数） Many a student has failed.（正式表达，单数） (3)其他易错主谓一致结构 结构 谓语规则 例 句 The number of... 单数 The number of applicants has increased. A number of... 复数 A number of students are absent. Each/Every... 单数 Every boy and girl has a textbook. None of... 可单可复(正式用单数) None of the answers is correct. (更正式) 2. 特殊句式命题规律 (1)倒装句（常与否定词/Only组合出题） 常见倒装结构：Not until... did... Not until midnight did he finish his homework.（直到半夜他才完成作业。） Never / Seldom / Hardly... +助动词+主语 Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。） Only + 状语（从句）+倒装 Only when he left did I realize the truth.（只有当他离开时，我才意识到真相。） (2)强调句（It is/was... that...） 判断方法：去掉It is/was... that...后，句子仍然完整。 强调句：It was the teacher that helped me.（是老师帮助了我。） → 还原：The teacher helped me.（句子完整，是强调句） 非强调句：It was clear that he was lying.（很明显他在撒谎。） → 还原：Clear he was lying.（不完整，不是强调句） (3)干扰项：强调句 vs. 定语从句/主语从句 句式 特点 例 句 强调句 去掉It is... that...后句子仍成立 It was the book that inspired me.（是这本书激励了我。）→ The book inspired me.（✔ 完整） 定语从句 that引导从句修饰名词 The book that inspired me is on the desk.（激励我的那本书在桌上。） 主语从句 that引导完整句子作主语 That he succeeded is amazing.（他成功了，这很惊人。） 【高考模拟题实战演练】 1. Not until he checked his phone ______ (realize) he had missed an important message. 解析：Not until 开头，句子需倒装，且时态为过去时（checked → did realize） 答案：did he realize 2. It was his determination, not his talent, ______ (lead) to his success. 解析：强调句结构（It was... that...），主语是"his determination"，单数 答案：that led 【总结】如何避免陷阱？ 1. 主谓一致：先找真正主语，注意特殊结构（pair of/many a/number of...） 2. 倒装句：看到Not/Never/Only开头，立刻考虑助动词提前 3. 强调句：做“删除测试”，看剩余部分是否完整 五、实战演练 （一）高考练场 1. (2024年新课标高考I卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ (the) first time. 2. (2024年新课标高考II卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___ (to) Romeo and Juliet. 3. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)They ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 4. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 5. (2022·新高考全国II卷) Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 6. (2022·浙江卷1月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 7. (2022·浙江卷1月) But Cobb and others _________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 8. (2021·全国I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 9. (2021·全国II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 10. (2021·浙江卷6月) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 11. (2021·浙江卷6月) Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home _________ (paint) white. 12. (2021·浙江卷1月) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 13. (2021·浙江卷1月) In cities, however, the gain _________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. 14. (2020·全国I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 15. (2020·全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _________ (be) on display. 16. (2020·全国II卷) Because the number of possible topics _________ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 17. (2020·浙江卷6月) And, as more children were born, more food _________ (need), agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. 18. (2020·浙江卷1月) The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 _________ (be) 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050. （2） 模拟训练 1.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）In 1655, this mountain (rename) Jingshan and underwent significant ___ (expansion) during the Qianlong era, with all buildings constructed according to royal palace standards, making it an important part of the Forbidden City. 2.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）In fact, creating meaningful friendships (require) time. According to a study by researchers at the University of Kansas, a relationship takes about 50 hours together in the ___ (shared) activities to shift from just acquaintances (相识) to casual friends. 3.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）The victory of athletes from China, along with (those) from Hong Kong and China’s Taiwan region, and other Asian nations, (reflect) a newfound confidence and capability across the continent. 4.（24-25高三下·海南海口·阶段练习）The researchers behind DeepSeek (make) numerous efforts to improve its algorithms and performance. 5.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Since 2015, Li has started posting short videos on Sina Weibo, ___ (where) she, often dressed in graceful traditional garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds, harvests flowers, __________ (cook) Chinese dishes and crafts bamboo furniture. 6.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Moreover, the tea ceremony (become) popular in many parts of the world, as people are (increasingly) interested in Chinese culture and alternative ways of living. 7.（2025·重庆·一模）Among the students (be) 66-year-old Ray Magri, (which) has been studying Chinese for five years, driven by his passion for Chinese culture. 8.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）According to Huang, the linguistic creativity on short-video platforms __________ (reach) unprecedented levels, particularly among younger generations. 9.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）The history of the teas on offer (date) back more than 1,000 years, and the crafting techniques of Enshi Yulu and Qingzhuan Tea have become national intangible cultural heritages. 10.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Higher intensity physical activity (find) to be associated with lower risk of an early death from all causes, but the difference is most (noticeable) when it comes to cardiovascular disease. 11.（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）His story, which (view) more than 19 million times up till now, has gone viral (在网上快速传播的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and he wins admiration from its users ___ (for) his courage, determination and hard work. 12.（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）According to some academic studies, sugar painting (date) back to the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were made in moulds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religion ceremonies. 13.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）Why is it always the third son who (behave) differently from his two older brothers, thus (winning) the princess? 14.（24-25高三下·山东泰安·阶段练习）Competition in the artificial intelligence sector is heating up. The rise of DeepSeek (underline) China’s growing innovation in cutting-edge technology. 15.（2025·陕西安康·三模）Watermelon is an ancient food that (believe) to have originated in Africa. Historians have found evidence of watermelon planting as far back as 4,000 years ago. 16.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Originally, fireworks and red decorations in front of homes   (mean) to scare away a mythical beast called “nian”. 17.（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）On December 4th, 2024, a truly thrilling milestone (reach) as China’s Spring Festival was inscribed (收录) on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, marking a (notable) achievement. 18.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）Although traditionally favored by older generations, Yue opera recently __________ (see) a resurgence among young Chinese after the viral success of one theater’s adaptation of a classic’ 90s action movie — New Dragon Gate Inn.  19.（24-25高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习）When they came to school in September, the students __________ (shock) to learn that their class teacher was a P.E. teacher. 20.（2024·江苏·模拟预测）So far the technique (help) reduce the building’s need for air conditioning by 50%. Cool, huh? 21.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）The Beijing Central Axis, the best-preserved example of traditional central axis architecture in China, (extend) 7.8 km from Yongding Gate in the south (to) the Bell and Drum Towers in the north. 22.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）“This furniture (make) without veneers (饰面),” he says. 23.（24-25高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）Upon this solid foundation, the name of China (carve) in history through establishing the world’s first oceanic route — the Maritime Silk Road, sailing from the calm waters of the South China Sea to the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean. 24.（2024·湖北襄阳·一模）Weifang nut carving (date) back to the Qing Dynasty. 25.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）“As the United States tightens its grip on Chinese tech companies ___ (both) through hardware and software restrictions, Chinese startups, not even big names, (break) such hegemony with independent innovations and smart breakthroughs,” said Wang Peng, a researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences. 26.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）By staying smart, Wang said that DeepSeek (carve) out a new technical path for large models that doesn’t rely on high-end chips and saves on computing power, ___ (which) bypassed the chip trap of the US. 27.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The chatbot also revealed that the company (increase) the domestic production rate of key intellectual properties with the help of a homegrown supply chain alliance. 28.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）At the heart of tai chi (lie) the profound concept of yin and yang. 29.（2025·湖南长沙·一模）“Book fairs like this and working with publishers globally, including those from China, __________ (be) essential for sharing knowledge,” said Martin Liu, chief operating officer and publisher at LID Publishing. 30.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）Over the past several months, the company (conduct) a deeper study. 31.（24-25高三上·云南曲靖·期末）The term (increase) in usage frequency by 230% in the last two years. 32.（24-25高三上·云南曲靖·期末）The first recorded use of ‌“brain rot” (find) in 1854 in Henry David Thoreau’s book Walden, which reports his experiences of living a simple lifestyle in the natural world. 33.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）“This sense of pride (base) on rational thinking,” said professor SuJunbin of Xiamen University. 34.（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）But to look at Black Myth: Wukong purely through the lens of market sizes and tastes (be) a harm that hides the most critical fact of all: it’s a fantastic game. 35.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）This Great Big Story (make) possible by United Bank of Switzerland. 36.（2025·广东深圳·二模）The sinking by a US submarine happened (as) the vessel did not bear a sign indicating it was carrying POWs, who were battened (封住底舱) down below deck at the time and who __________ (leave) to drown by the Japanese soldiers on the ship. 37.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In the past, Chinese animation (see) as products for a younger audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities (which) struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese animation. 38.（2024·河北·二模）The entrance to each cave (block) by a locked door, which can only be opened by expert guides. 39.（24-25高三下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）“It is only when tourists feel the warmth of the city and the goodwill of its citizens 30 they blend into local life.” said Dai Bin, president of China Tourism Academy. 40.（24-25高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）It was during this period all the navigation routes along the Chinese coast were unimpeded (畅通的). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$