Unit5 Into the Unknown【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记 · 巧练（外研版2019选择性必修第四册）

Unit 5 Into the Unknown Unit1 话题 人与社会 词汇 1.civilisation 　2.intrigue　3.astronomy　4.canal5.downfall 6.getaway 7.retreat 8.subdue 9.shipwreck 10.coral 11.millimetre12.upwards 13.equivalent 14.stack 15.furthermore 16.notable17.vessel 短语 1.correspond to 和……相一致，相符合2．apply...to... 把……运用于3．on top of 除……之外(还有)4．all the more 更加5．at sth's peak 在全盛时期6．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落7．set sail 起航8．make a getaway 逃跑，逃走9．run for one's life 逃命10．check out 调查，检查11.steer clear of 避开……；从……处脱身12．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去13．think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑14．shrink from 避免做，不愿做15．look into 调查(问题)16．set out 动身踏上(漫长的旅途)；开始做，着手进行17．continue to do sth 继续做某事 18．beyond the reach of 够不到……；超出……的能力之外 句型 1. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 2. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 3. It's argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 语法 复习名词性从句 写作 介绍未解之谜 考点1. correspond v．相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信 Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 通过比较,他发现已知的117个玛雅城市的位置与星象的位置是对应的。 【拓展】 (1)correspond ___________　与……相一致；符合 correspond with 与……通信 (2)corresponding adj. 相应的，相关联的 correspondence n.通信;通信联系;相关;相似 correspondingly adv.相应地 correspondent n.通讯员;记者 【经典练】 ①The translation does not quite correspond ___________ the original. 这段翻译与原文并不完全相符。 ②He had been___________ her for several years before they finally met. 他和她通信多年,最后终于见面了。③March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the___________ period of last year.今年 3 月和 4 月的销售额比去年同期增长了 8%。 【好句背默】 ④We should strive to make our actions correspond ___________ our words to win others’ trust.我们应该努力做到言行一致,以赢得别人的信任。 考点2. bury v.将……埋在下面;覆盖;掩盖;埋葬;掩藏(感情等);使陷入 Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 基于此,他认为自己发现了一个被埋在丛林深处的不为人知的玛雅城市。  【拓展】 (1)bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸 bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于；专心于 (2)be buried in thought ___________ 【经典练】 ①You must ___________ your studies if you want to pass the entrance examination. 要想通过入学考试,你必须专心致志于你的学业。 ②When these organisms die, they ______carbon in the deep ocean, which helps regulate the global climate. 当这些微生物死亡时,它们将碳埋在深海中,这有助于调节全球气候。 ③_______ (bury)in his book，he wasn't aware that all the others had left. 由于他埋头苦读，完全没有意识到其他人都已经离开了。 考点3. apply vi.申请；适用；请求；涂；敷； vt.申请；应用 They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。 【拓展】 (1)apply(to...)for 　　 ___________ apply to do sth. ___________ apply to 适用于(to为介词) apply...to... ___________ apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于 (2)application n. 请求；申请，申请表；应用 applicant n. 申请人 applied adj. 应用的,实用的 【经典练】 ①The new technology ___________ farming.这项新技术被应用于农业。 ②They ___________ the government for financial help. 他们向政府申请财务援助。 ③He ___________ the study of the English language. 他专心致志地学习英语。 ④I don’t think what he says ___________ you as much as to us. 我想他的话对你并不像对我们那么适用。 【好句背默】补全句子 ⑤I’m writing ___________, thinking that I’m well qualified for the job. 我写信是想申请加入其中,我认为我完全能胜任这份工作。 考点4. decline vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝 Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。 【拓展】 (1)a decline in...　　 ___________ in decline＝on the decline 处于衰退中，下降 (2)decline to do sth. ___________ decline by/to... ___________ 【经典练】 ①The economy continued to exhibit signs of ___________ in September.9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。 ②This ___________ in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。 ③His health has begun to ___________ recently. 他的健康状况最近开始恶化。 【好句背默】 ④I don't know why the boy declined ___________ (answer)a question. 我不知道这个男孩为何拒绝回答那个问题。 考点5. claim v．声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领 n．声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔 When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。 【拓展】 (1)claim to do sth./that... 声称做某事/声称…… claim to have done sth. ___________ It is claimed that... ___________ (2)make a claim for sth. 要求； 对……提出赔偿要求 【经典练】 ①You should be able to _______claim the cost from the car insurance.你应该能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。 ②Scientists claimed ___________ (make)a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 科学家们宣称在对抗癌症的斗争中取得了重大突破。 ③___________ he had seen aliens with his own eyes. 有人声称他曾亲眼目睹过外星人。 ④As the victim in the accident，I will___________ the injuries I suffered. 作为此次事故的受害者，我将就我所受的伤害提出索赔要求。 考点6. ruin n.[U]毁坏;垮台;[C]残垣断壁,废墟 v.毁坏,破坏;使破产 Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.它曾经恢宏的城市衰落了,留下各种谜团等待后人解开。  【拓展】 (1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟；严重受损 fall into ruin 成为废墟；衰落；败落 be reduced to ruins ___________ (2)ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 【经典练】 ①It is no wonder that the building ___________ now; it caught fire last night. 难怪这座楼现在严重受损,昨晚它着火了。 ②Many ancient sculptures___________ after the earthquake.地震过后,许多古代的雕塑都毁了。 ③These new inventions do not ___________ the environment or use enormous amounts of energy. 这些新发明不会破坏环境或消耗大量能源。 考点7. abandon v.离弃,逃离;遗弃;停止(支持或帮助);中止;陷入 n.[U]放任,放纵 But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.但在所有谜团中最大的一个是,是什么导致玛雅人放弃了他们大部分的恢宏的城市。 【拓展】 (1)abandon oneself to (doing) sth/be abandoned to (doing) sth 陷入/沉湎于(做)某事 abandon (doing) sth 放弃(做)某事 abandon sb 抛弃/遗弃某人 abandon sp 离开某地 (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 (3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的;被抛弃的;放纵的 【经典练】 ①My teacher warned me not to ___________computer games. 我的老师警告我不要沉溺于电脑游戏。 ②With the dull sky clearing up, they breathed in the fresh air ___________. 随着沉闷的天空放晴,他们肆意地呼吸着新鲜空气。 ③However, last month, these plans ___________ (abandon) because of financial problems. 然而，上个月，由于资金问题，这些计划被放弃了。 【好句背默】 ④We_______________________，forgetting the troubles in our lives.我们可以放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却生活中的烦恼。 考点8. lead to 引起，导致；通向 This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超级干旱”。  【拓展】 lead sb.to do sth.　　 使某人做某事 lead sb.to/into ＋n. 带领某人去/进入……，使某人得出 (观点) lead a．..life 过……的生活 lead the way 引路，带路 【经典练】 ①Technological changes will inevitably___________ unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。 ②I want to know what led you ___________ (take)up acting as a career. 我想知道是什么原因促使你将演戏作为自己的职业选择。 ③The new evidence led to the high official ___________ (arrest)．新的证据使得这位高级官员被逮捕了。 【好句背默】 ④His lack of confidence ___________ a lot of suffering.And the success of his father led him to believe all the roads ___________ Rome.So he told himself to be confident and just do it. 他缺乏自信，这给他带来了诸多痛苦。而他父亲的成功又让他坚信一切努力都会通向成功。于是，他对自己说要自信起来，然后就放手去做吧。 考点9. rate n．速度；进度；比率；率；价格；费用v.评估 Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。 【拓展】 at any rate　　　 (强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管 怎样 at this/that rate(informal) 照此情形；如此下去 birth/unemployment/divorce/crime rate 出生/失业/离婚/犯罪比率 rate sb./sth. highly 对某人/某事评价高 be rated as 被认为 【经典练】 ①The disease has spread at an alarming_______.这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。 ②I may be away on business next week，but _____any rate I'll be back by Friday. 我下周可能会因公外出，但无论如何我都会在周五之前赶回来的。 ③___________，we'll soon be bankrupt. 照这样下去的话，我们很快就会破产的。 考点10. 　dismiss v．摒弃(想法等)，丢开；把(人)解雇，解职； 使……离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定 Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。 【拓展】 dismiss sb. for sth.　　 因为……而解雇某人 dismiss sb. from 把某人从……解雇 dismiss sb./sth. from one's mind 试图忘记某人或者某事 dismissal n. 解雇，免职 【经典练】 ①She tried to dismiss him ___________ her mind. 她试图将他从自己的脑海中抹去。 ②His boss dismissed him ___________ his job ___________ making too many mistakes. 他的老板因为他在工作中犯了太多错误而将他解雇了。 ③Do not come back.This is your final___________ (dismiss)．不要回来。这是对你最后的解雇通知。 【好句背默】 ④“It's been a lovely day，”she said, ___________ (dismiss) the bad old days. “今天真是个美好的日子。”她说道，以此来忘却那些糟糕的过往。 考点11. check out 察看;调查,检查　结账离开 (旅馆等);(从图书馆等)借出 So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.因此,当你可能会受到诱惑去察看一件陌生的物品或者试探一个新环境时,避开不熟悉的东西可能会更安全。  【拓展】 check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到 check into... 登记入住……(旅馆或私立医院) check on 检查；核实 check over/through 仔细检查,核对 keep/hold...in check 控制……;制止…… 【经典练】 ①He ___________ from the hotel early in the morning.他一大早就结账离开了旅馆。 ②I lived out adventures through the books I ___________from the library.我通过从图书馆借来的书来实现冒险。③Where can I___________？我可以在哪儿办理登记/入住手续？ ④At least let me___________ a hotel！至少让我找家酒店住下！ ⑤They spent the rest of the morning ___________ their equipment.他们用上午余下的时间来仔细检查他们的设备。 考点12. set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 ...Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole...……当罗阿尔德·阿蒙森为了到达南极动身进入未知领域时,他忍受了地球上最不利的环境之一……  【拓展】 (1)set out for   出发去…… set out to do sth.= set about (doing) sth. ___________ (2)set off 出发(=set out); ___________ set off for=set out for 出发去…… set up 建立;设立 set down 记下;写下 set aside 省出,留出;把……放到一边 set back 阻碍,使推迟 【经典练】 ①If you want to catch that train, we’d better set out___________the station immediately. 如果你想赶上那趟火车,我们最好马上出发去火车站。 ②The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___________（find） the well-known painter. 第二天早上,他租了一条船,开始寻找那位著名的画家。(2020 全国Ⅲ) ③He returned a year later and set about ___________ (make) up for lost time. 一年后他回来了,开始弥补失去的时间。 【好句背默】 ④Some companies have embraced AI: ___________ specialized labs at home and abroad and hiring top engineers. 一些公司欣然接受了人工智能:在国内外建立专业的实验室,并聘请顶尖工程师。 考点13. investigation n.调查 Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section.用本节的单词和词组讨论对另一个科学谜题的调查。   【拓展】 (1)under investigation 在调查研究中 by  investigation通过调查 make/conduct  an investigation (into...)进行一次(对……的)调查 (2)investigate v.调查;研究 investigator n.调查者;侦查员 investigative adj.调查的;侦查的;调查研究的 【经典练】 ①___________, we find that the reading strategy has a striking effect on students’ English study. 通过调查,我们发现,阅读策略对学生的英语学习有显著的影响。 ②They _______________- previous to reaching a conclusion. 他们在下结论之前做了充分的调查。 ③More than 60 samples taken from patients ___________ will be tested. 将对六十多份采自正在接受调查的病人的样本进行检测。 考点14. Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。 句式分析：whatever引导让步状语从句，句子中whatever the reasons 是整个句子的让步状语从句。 【拓展】 (1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。 “no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。 【经典练】 ①___________I'm unhappy，it is my friend who cheers me up. 每当我不开心时，总是我的朋友能让我振作起来。 ②As young people，we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work，no matter ___________ordinary it is. 作为年轻人，我们理应努力工作，并享受自己的工作，无论这份工作有多么平凡。 ③___________they looked，they saw nothing but ruins after the terrible earthquake. 无论他们看向何处，看到的都只是那场可怕地震过后留下的废墟。 ④___________ she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. 无论她怎么说，都不会对我们的安排产生任何影响。 【好句背默】 ⑤___________________________________________________________. 不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。 ⑥________________________________________________________. 无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。 考点15. Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。 句式分析：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语，此句中的us 是leave 的宾语，thinking about...是us 的补足语。 【拓展】 (1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)leave＋宾语＋分词 (3)leave＋宾语＋不定式 (4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句 在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。 【经典练】 ①Hearing the bad news，he hurried home，leaving the books ______ (lie)open on the table. 听到这个坏消息后，他匆匆赶回家，把书留在了桌上，没有合上。 ②You'd better leave the door ___________ (open)to let in fresh air. 你最好把门开着，以便让新鲜空气进来。 ③He had to go home，leaving the work___________ (finished)．他不得不回家了，结果工作还没完成。 ④You should leave the lawyer___________ (settle)the problem. 你应该让律师来处理这个问题。 ⑤Leave the book ___________ so that I can find it.把书放在原来的地方，以便我能找得到它。 考点16. However, not everyone chooses to follow this instinct.然而,并不是每个人都选择遵循这种本能。 not everyone部分否定结构 【拓展】 1.部分否 当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词(all、every、everyone、both等)的句子中时,不管not是在该不定代词之前还是之后,都表示整体中的一部分被否定,称之为部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。 (1)两者的部分否定:由not 和both 组成,表示“并非两者都……”。 (2)三者或三者以上的部分否定:当not与all、every、everyone、everybody、everything等不定代词连用时,即为三者或三者以上的部分否定。not all...或者all...not意为“并非所有……都 ”, not every-...或者every-...not意为“并非每一个……都”。 (3)表示总括意义的副词everywhere、wholly、always、altogether等和形容词whole、entire等与not连用时表示部分否定。 2.全部否定 (1)英语中表示三者或三者以上的“全不”时,常用否定词语no one、none、nothing、no-body、never、nowhere、not any以及“no+名词”等,表示全部否定。 (2)表示两者的全部否定用neither;either与not连用也表示两者的全部否定。 【经典练】 ①___________ the artists have a keen eye for beauty.=Both the artists ___________have a keen eye for beauty. 这两位艺术家并非都对美有敏锐的眼光。 ②___________ body language means the same thing in different countries.= ___________ body language ___________ mean the same thing in different countries.并非所有的身势语在不同的国家都有相同的意思。 ③This flower is ___________ seen___________. 这种花并不是随处可见的。 ④___________ knew how to treat this dreaded disease. 没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。 ⑤___________ of these people will admit responsibility for their actions. 这些人都不会承认对自己的行为负有的责任。 1． 语法精讲——复习定语从句 1．That he is still alive is sheer luck. 2．The trouble is that she has lost her purse. 3．John said that he was setting out for London on Wednesday. 4．Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 5．Do you know whom they are looking for? 6．Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 7．It's a pity that you have to leave. 8．It is not yet decided who will do that job. 9．I like it when people are open and straight. 10．I don't know who did it. 11．The reason is that it is raining. 12．The fact that he will go abroad makes me glad. 13．She made a promise that she would look after her parents. [共性呈现] 1．画线部分均为___________从句； 2．句1、4、6、7、8均为___________从句； 3．句2、11均为___________从句； 4．句3、5、9、10均为___________从句； 5．句12、13均为___________从句。 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，在复合句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此根据它在句中的不同语法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句应用陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连词可以分为三类：①连接词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；②连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever；③连接副词：when，whenever，where，wherever，how，why。 一、that与whether/if引导的名词性从句 1. that引导的名词性从句 that引导名词性从句时,只起连接  作用,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义。 That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着真是万幸。 The fact that he has fully recovered makes me happy. 他完全康复的事实让我很高兴。 She said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that it was well worth visiting again. 她说这个展览非常棒,非常值得再次参观。 My decision is that all of us are to start at 6o'clock tomorrow morning. 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 温馨提示 that引导名词性从句时,在以下情况中不宜省略: (1)引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语 从句时,that一般不可省略。 (2)当句中有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that一般不可 省略。 (3)当that引导的宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时,that不可省略。 (4)that引导的从句作介词的宾语时,that不能省略。 His suggestion is that we (should) buy a car. 他的建议是我们买一辆车。 We all think it important that we should have a healthy lifestyle. 我们都认为我们拥有一种健康的生活方式很重要。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 请你相信我,我会一直帮助你的。 2. whether/if引导的名词性从句 whether与if引导名词性从句时表示“是否 ”,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语。whether与if只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan. 不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 I’m not sure whether/if you remember who I am. 我不确定你是否记得我是谁。 温馨提示 whether和if有时可互换,但在下列情况下,只可用whether: (1)引导主语从句且位于句首时。 (2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 (3)引导的从句作介词 的宾语时。 (4)后紧跟or not时。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether this idea can be put into practice. 问题是这一想法是否能付诸实践。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 I don’t know whether or not he arrives. 我不知道他是不是已经到了。 【经典练】用适当的连接词填空 1. Our aim was to see _____________ we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. 2. I have a very strong fear ______ the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children. 3. ______you can’t match him at chess is not true, is it? 4. The problem is __________whether the meeting will be held. 二、连接代词引导的名词性从句 连接代词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。连接代词起连接作用,有实际意义,在从句中充当句子成分,可作主语  、宾语、表语、定语。连接代词有who(ever), whom(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever) 。连接代词引导的名词性从句一律用陈述句 语序,不能用疑问句语序。 连接代词 词义 在从句中的成分 who(ever) 指代 “人”，意为“谁/任何人” 主语、宾语、表语 whom(ever) 指代 “人”， 意为“谁/无论谁” 宾语 whose 指代 “某人的”，意为“谁的” 定语 what(ever) 指代 “事物；东西”，意为“什么” 主语、宾语、表语 which(ever) 表示 “哪一个人或物” （有一定范畴） 主、宾、表（which后可接名词时，which做定语） What impressed me most was the trip to the forest park. 令我印象最深刻的是去森林公园的旅行。 I don’t know who found this book or whose book it is. 我不知道是谁发现了这本书,也不知道这本书是谁的。 He asked me which class had won the football match. 他问我哪个班级赢了足球赛。 I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我会想到什么就说什么。 What he said just now is true. 他刚才所说的话是真的。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 子犯法与度民同罪。 温馨提示 （1）whoever和whatever引导的名词性从句一般不用it作形式主语。 （2）what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但在实际使用中，其单复数取决于其成分的含义。 What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag. 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包。(schoolbag是可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。） What they need are a car and some water. 他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。(a car and some water表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.It’s still unknown ________team will win the basketball match. 2.It’s not wise for parents to give children _________ they want. 3. I will remember ______ I saw and ______ I met during my journey abroad. 三、连接副词引导的名词性从句 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。连接副词起连接作用,有实际意义,在从句中充当句子成分,作状语 。连接副词引导的名词性从句一律用陈述句 语序,不能用疑问句语序。 When and where we shall meet again is unknown.我们何时何地会再见面是未知的。 I got up late and it was why I was late for school. 我起晚了,那就是我上学迟到的原因。 When we'll go for a picnic isn't known. 我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么突然消失仍是个谜。 温馨提示 引导的表语从句的连词还有as if,as though,because (1)as if,as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem, sound, be, become之后，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。 You look as if you've had a good time.你看起来好像玩得挺开心。(陈述语气) He looks as if he were from the Mars.他看起来像来自火星。(虚拟语气) (2)because引导表语从句常置于be动词之后，主句主语不能用reason。 -You look tired.你看起来很累。 -That may be because I didn't have a good sleep yesterday evening.也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。 如果主句主语是 reason，表语从句连接词用 that，不能用why或 because。常见句型为“The reason (why...) is that...” The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。(that 不能换成 because) 【经典练】单句语法填空 1. Tomorrow is ____ it would be the most convenient. 2. This is _____ I met Peter for the first time. 3. I like it ______ the sky is clear and the sun is warm. 4. He failed in the exam and that was _____ he didn’t have enough practice. 5. Many students are curious about ______ they can remember so many words in such a short time. 四、it代替名词性从句的结构 1. “it”作形式主语，代替主语从句 (1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true, natural,surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely,certain，probable等）十that从句. It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那样的提议。 (2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+that从句. It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。 （3）It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided, announced,arranged 等)+that从句. It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。 （4）It+不及物动词（短语）（seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out,occur to,make no difference 等)+that从句. It seems that he is not quite himself today. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着 温馨提示： 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”。常用句型有“It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/natural等+that从句.”和“It is suggested/requested/desired/ordered/demanded等+that从句.”。 It is necessary that we(should) have breakfast. 我们吃早餐是有必要的。 It was suggested that we (should)put off the meeting. 有人建议我们推迟会议。 2.“it”作形式宾语，代替宾语从句 (1)动词find、feel、consider、make、believe、think等后面的宾语从句后跟宾语补足语时,常使用形式宾语it,而将宾语从句移至句末。 I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好还是待在这儿。 (2)表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy、hate、love、like、dislike、appreciate等后可跟“形式宾语it+宾语从句”。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌他们说话时满嘴食物。 (3)有些动词(短语),如have(声称,听说)、take(认为)、see to(注意,确保)等后常跟“形式宾语it+that   引导的宾语从句”。 Can you see to it that everyone knows the date of the meetine? 你能保证每个人都知道开会日期吗？ I take it that he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来。 【经典练】 1. I made______ clear that I was determined to go to France. 2. I find it necessary _______ we should take a break during the work. 3. It is not yet decided _____ will do that job. 4. You may depend on _____that I shall always help you. 5. I like it _______people are open and straight. 二．写作精讲——介绍未解之谜 一、写作分析 介绍未解之谜属于属于说明文的范畴。写此类文章，不能凭空杜撰，要有科学依据，选材须来自科学文献或者权威机构。 2、 篇章结构 第一段：交代未解之谜的内容或者现象； 第二段：详细介绍未解之谜的具体信息； 第三段：描述对其所做的科学探索，试着解开谜团。 3、 语言特点 在客观基础上加入可能性表达，灵活运用情态动词来准确地描述和推测。 1、 常用词汇 1. 核心主题词汇 神秘现象： enigma, mystery, riddle 未解状态： unexplained, unresolved 科学探索： investigation, inquiry 2. 现象描述词汇 baffling bafflement perplexing perplexity inexplicable inexplicability 3. 科学理论相关 hypothesis propose a hypothesis plausible plausible theory speculation fuel speculation empirical evidence lack empirical evidence 4. 未解之谜特征 vanish without a trace defy explanation shrouded in mystery 二、常用句式 1. 悬念式开头 For centuries, ___ has perplexed scientists worldwide. What continues to baffle researchers is... 2.数据增强型 According to official records, ___ (数字) cases have been reported since ___. Statistics show that over ___% of the incidents remain unexplained. 3.神秘特征强调 What makes ___ particularly baffling is... The most perplexing aspect lies in... 4.未解状态描述 To this day, no conclusive evidence has emerged to... The truth remains shrouded in... 5.可能性推测 Scientists have not ruled out the possibility of... Further research is needed to determine whether... 6.未来展望 With advancing technology, we may one day... The enigma of ___ challenges us to... “大脚怪(Bigfoot)”一直引发人们的热议。请根据文字提示写一篇英语短文来参与讨论。 出没地址 北美 神秘生物描述 像猿(ape)，高6—10英尺，重量在500磅以上，全身覆盖着棕色或红色的毛，头和眼睛很大，脚印长达24英寸 发现情况 科学家和研究人员找到了与它相关的毛发、粪便(faeces)及大脚印等 结论 无其他证据证明其存在，这也许只是当地的传说，用来吓唬徒步者或猎人 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 说明文 时态 一般现在时和一般过去时 主题 介绍未解之谜 人称 第三人称 布局 首段：描述未解之谜的现象。 中段：解释神秘之处。 尾段：科学家的结论。 第二步　要点翻译 1. 据说它高6—10英尺，重量在500磅以上，全身覆盖着棕色或红色的毛，头和眼睛很大。 ____________ to be 6—10 feet tall, ________ over 500 pounds and was covered in brown or red fur with large eyes and a big head. 2. 但是到目前为止，没有其他证据证明其存在。 However, so far _______________________ to prove its existence. 第三步　词句升级 1.用非限制性定语从句合并句 The Bigfoot is one of the world­famous mysterious creatures. It was first seen in North America. →The Bigfoot, _______ was first seen in North America, is one of the world­famous mysterious creatures. 2. 用定语从句合并句 Teams of scientists and researchers have gone there to make an investigation. They have found things related to it, such as faeces, and fur. →Teams of scientists and researchers _____ have gone there to make an investigation have found things related to it, such as faeces, fur and so on. 第四步　连句成篇 The Bigfoot, which was first seen in North America, is one of the world­famous mysterious creatures. Witnesses described it as an ape­like creature.It was said to be 6—10 feet tall, weighing over 500 pounds and was covered in brown or red fur with large eyes and a big head.Footprints up to 24 inches long have been found. Teams of scientists and researchers who have gone there to make an investigation have found things related to it, such as faeces, and fur. However, so far there has been no other evidence to prove its existence.Some people think it may be just folk tales or stories to terrify hikers and hunters in North America. 一、短 语 1．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 2．make a getaway逃跑，逃走 3．run for one’s life 逃命 4．check out调查，检查 5．test the waters试水，试探 6．the unknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方 7．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 8．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去 9．think twice再三考虑，慎重考虑 10．shrink from避免做，不愿做 11．look into调查(问题) 12．correspond to与……相符/一致 13．apply...to...把……应用于…… 14．on top of除此之外 15．at something’s peak达到顶峰 16．offer a window into提供了解……的一扇窗 17．beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外 18．steer clear of避开……；从……处脱身 二、词性转变 1.expansion n．扩大；增加expand v．扩张，(使)膨胀；发展 2．investigation n．调查investigate v．调查 3.archaeological adv.考古学的；考古的archaeology n．考古学archaeologist n．考古学家 4．drilling n．钻探；勘探drill v．钻孔；训练 5．civilise v．文明化；教化civilisation n．文明civilised adj.文明的 6．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟ruinous adj.毁灭性的ruinously adv.毁灭地 7．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定dismissal n．摒弃；不予考虑dismissive adj.轻蔑的 8．abandon v．离弃，逃离abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的abandonment n．离弃；遗弃 9. astronomy n．天文学astronaut n．宇航员 10. notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的note v．注意 三、句 子 1. Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. 15岁的加拿大少年威廉•甘德瑞自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。 2. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。 3. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 同时玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。  4. Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it disappeared... 诸如此类的事实增加了玛雅文明的神秘感，驱使人们去查看因何玛雅文明消失…… 5. So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar. 所以，当你可能会忍不住去查看一个陌生的东西，或者去试探新环境时，避开不熟悉（的东西或地方）会更安全。 6. Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and pursue the unknown. 我们的一些祖先没有撤退到他们的洞穴里， 而是选择了克制他们的恐惧，继续探讨不为人知的地方。 7. In these waters, more than 200 meters deep, where light can't reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction. 在200多米以下、阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是刚从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。 8. Of course exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action. 当然，探索并不一定意味着盲目地把自己置身于未知的世界中，在采取行动之前慎重考虑从来都不会错。 9. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options. 虽然我们面对新状况没有必要畏缩不前，但我们总应该先调查一番，再考虑我们的选择。 10. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ. 然而我们能完全了解这个复杂器官的工作原理前仍然有很长的路要走。 11. Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continued to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. 基于我们有限的认知，探索海洋可以带来许多科学领域的新发现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。 12. Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. 玛雅文明倾颓的原因一直是一个谜团。 13. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 但最大的迷是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。 1. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. —Albert Einstein 关键在于永不停止发问。好奇心本身就有存在的意义。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 2. Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. ——Carl Sagan 探索是我们的天性。我们生为流浪者，至今仍是。——卡尔·萨根 3. The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge. ——Stephen Hawking 知识最大的敌人不是无知，而是对知识的幻觉。——斯蒂芬·霍金 4. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. ——Mark Twain 二十年后，让你后悔的往往不是做过的事，而是没做的事。所以解开缆绳，驶离安全的港湾吧。 ——马克·吐温 23 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Into the Unknown Unit1 话题 人与社会 词汇 1.civilisation 　2.intrigue　3.astronomy　4.canal5.downfall 6.getaway 7.retreat 8.subdue 9.shipwreck 10.coral 11.millimetre12.upwards 13.equivalent 14.stack 15.furthermore 16.notable17.vessel 短语 1.correspond to 和……相一致，相符合2．apply...to... 把……运用于3．on top of 除……之外(还有)4．all the more 更加5．at sth's peak 在全盛时期6．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落7．set sail 起航8．make a getaway 逃跑，逃走9．run for one's life 逃命10．check out 调查，检查11.steer clear of 避开……；从……处脱身12．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去13．think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑14．shrink from 避免做，不愿做15．look into 调查(问题)16．set out 动身踏上(漫长的旅途)；开始做，着手进行17．continue to do sth 继续做某事 18．beyond the reach of 够不到……；超出……的能力之外 句型 1. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 2. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 3. It's argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 语法 复习名词性从句 写作 介绍未解之谜 考点1. correspond v．相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信 Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 通过比较,他发现已知的117个玛雅城市的位置与星象的位置是对应的。 【拓展】 (1)correspond with/to　与……相一致；符合 correspond with 与……通信 (2)corresponding adj. 相应的，相关联的 correspondence n.通信;通信联系;相关;相似 correspondingly adv.相应地 correspondent n.通讯员;记者 【经典练】 ①The translation does not quite correspond to/with the original. 这段翻译与原文并不完全相符。 ②He had been in correspondence with her for several years before they finally met. 他和她通信多年,最后终于见面了。③March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the corresponding period of last year.今年 3 月和 4 月的销售额比去年同期增长了 8%。 【好句背默】 ④We should strive to make our actions correspond with our words to win others’ trust.我们应该努力做到言行一致,以赢得别人的信任。 考点2. bury v.将……埋在下面;覆盖;掩盖;埋葬;掩藏(感情等);使陷入 Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 基于此,他认为自己发现了一个被埋在丛林深处的不为人知的玛雅城市。  【拓展】 (1)bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸 bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于；专心于 (2)be buried in thought 沉思 【经典练】 ①You must bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the entrance examination. 要想通过入学考试,你必须专心致志于你的学业。 ②When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, which helps regulate the global climate. 当这些微生物死亡时,它们将碳埋在深海中,这有助于调节全球气候。 ③Buried(bury)in his book，he wasn't aware that all the others had left. 由于他埋头苦读，完全没有意识到其他人都已经离开了。 考点3. apply vi.申请；适用；请求；涂；敷； vt.申请；应用 They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。 【拓展】 (1)apply(to...)for 　　 (向……)申请 apply to do sth. 申请去做某事 apply to 适用于(to为介词) apply...to... 把……应用于…… apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于 (2)application n. 请求；申请，申请表；应用 applicant n. 申请人 applied adj. 应用的,实用的 【经典练】 ①The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术被应用于农业。 ②They applied to the government for financial help. 他们向政府申请财务援助。 ③He applied himself to the study of the English language. 他专心致志地学习英语。 ④I don’t think what he says applies to you as much as to us. 我想他的话对你并不像对我们那么适用。 【好句背默】补全句子 ⑤I’m writing to apply to join it, thinking that I’m well qualified for the job. 我写信是想申请加入其中,我认为我完全能胜任这份工作。 考点4. decline vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝 Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。 【拓展】 (1)a decline in...　　 在……(方面)的下降 in decline＝on the decline 处于衰退中，下降 (2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 decline by/to... 下降了/下降到…… 【经典练】 ①The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。 ②This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。 ③His health has begun to decline recently. 他的健康状况最近开始恶化。 【好句背默】 ④I don't know why the boy declined to answer (answer)a question. 我不知道这个男孩为何拒绝回答那个问题。 考点5. claim v．声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领 n．声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔 When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。 【拓展】 (1)claim to do sth./that... 声称做某事/声称…… claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事 It is claimed that... 据说 (2)make a claim for sth. 要求； 对……提出赔偿要求 【经典练】 ①You should be able to claim the cost from the car insurance.你应该能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。 ②Scientists claimed to have made (make)a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 科学家们宣称在对抗癌症的斗争中取得了重大突破。 ③It is claimed that he had seen aliens with his own eyes. 有人声称他曾亲眼目睹过外星人。 ④As the victim in the accident，I will make a claim for the injuries I suffered. 作为此次事故的受害者，我将就我所受的伤害提出索赔要求。 考点6. ruin n.[U]毁坏;垮台;[C]残垣断壁,废墟 v.毁坏,破坏;使破产 Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.它曾经恢宏的城市衰落了,留下各种谜团等待后人解开。  【拓展】 (1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟；严重受损 fall into ruin 成为废墟；衰落；败落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 【经典练】 ①It is no wonder that the building is in ruins now; it caught fire last night. 难怪这座楼现在严重受损,昨晚它着火了。 ②Many ancient sculptures fell into ruin after the earthquake.地震过后,许多古代的雕塑都毁了。 ③These new inventions do not ruin the environment or use enormous amounts of energy. 这些新发明不会破坏环境或消耗大量能源。 考点7. abandon v.离弃,逃离;遗弃;停止(支持或帮助);中止;陷入 n.[U]放任,放纵 But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.但在所有谜团中最大的一个是,是什么导致玛雅人放弃了他们大部分的恢宏的城市。 【拓展】 (1)abandon oneself to (doing) sth/be abandoned to (doing) sth 陷入/沉湎于(做)某事 abandon (doing) sth 放弃(做)某事 abandon sb 抛弃/遗弃某人 abandon sp 离开某地 (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 (3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的;被抛弃的;放纵的 【经典练】 ①My teacher warned me not to abandon myself to computer games. 我的老师警告我不要沉溺于电脑游戏。 ②With the dull sky clearing up, they breathed in the fresh air with abandon. 随着沉闷的天空放晴,他们肆意地呼吸着新鲜空气。 ③However, last month, these plans were abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems. 然而，上个月，由于资金问题，这些计划被放弃了。 【好句背默】 ④We can sing, dance, and laugh with abandon，forgetting the troubles in our lives.我们可以放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却生活中的烦恼。 考点8. lead to 引起，导致；通向 This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超级干旱”。  【拓展】 lead sb.to do sth.　　 使某人做某事 lead sb.to/into ＋n. 带领某人去/进入……，使某人得出 (观点) lead a．..life 过……的生活 lead the way 引路，带路 【经典练】 ①Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。 ②I want to know what led you to take(take)up acting as a career. 我想知道是什么原因促使你将演戏作为自己的职业选择。 ③The new evidence led to the high official being arrested(arrest)．新的证据使得这位高级官员被逮捕了。 【好句背默】 ④His lack of confidence led to a lot of suffering.And the success of his father led him to believe all the roads lead to Rome.So he told himself to be confident and just do it. 他缺乏自信，这给他带来了诸多痛苦。而他父亲的成功又让他坚信一切努力都会通向成功。于是，他对自己说要自信起来，然后就放手去做吧。 考点9. rate n．速度；进度；比率；率；价格；费用v.评估 Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。 【拓展】 at any rate　　　 (强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管 怎样 at this/that rate(informal) 照此情形；如此下去 birth/unemployment/divorce/crime rate 出生/失业/离婚/犯罪比率 rate sb./sth. highly 对某人/某事评价高 be rated as 被认为 【经典练】 ①The disease has spread at an alarming rate.这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。 ②I may be away on business next week，but at any rate I'll be back by Friday. 我下周可能会因公外出，但无论如何我都会在周五之前赶回来的。 ③At this rate，we'll soon be bankrupt. 照这样下去的话，我们很快就会破产的。 考点10. 　dismiss v．摒弃(想法等)，丢开；把(人)解雇，解职； 使……离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定 Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。 【拓展】 dismiss sb. for sth.　　 因为……而解雇某人 dismiss sb. from 把某人从……解雇 dismiss sb./sth. from one's mind 试图忘记某人或者某事 dismissal n. 解雇，免职 【经典练】 ①She tried to dismiss him from her mind. 她试图将他从自己的脑海中抹去。 ②His boss dismissed him from his job for making too many mistakes. 他的老板因为他在工作中犯了太多错误而将他解雇了。 ③Do not come back.This is your final dismissal(dismiss)．不要回来。这是对你最后的解雇通知。 【好句背默】 ④“It's been a lovely day，”she said, dismissing(dismiss) the bad old days. “今天真是个美好的日子。”她说道，以此来忘却那些糟糕的过往。 考点11. check out 察看;调查,检查　结账离开 (旅馆等);(从图书馆等)借出 So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.因此,当你可能会受到诱惑去察看一件陌生的物品或者试探一个新环境时,避开不熟悉的东西可能会更安全。  【拓展】 check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到 check into... 登记入住……(旅馆或私立医院) check on 检查；核实 check over/through 仔细检查,核对 keep/hold...in check 控制……;制止…… 【经典练】 ①He checked out from the hotel early in the morning.他一大早就结账离开了旅馆。 ②I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.我通过从图书馆借来的书来实现冒险。③Where can I check in？我可以在哪儿办理登记/入住手续？ ④At least let me check into a hotel！至少让我找家酒店住下！ ⑤They spent the rest of the morning checking over their equipment.他们用上午余下的时间来仔细检查他们的设备。 考点12. set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 ...Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole...……当罗阿尔德·阿蒙森为了到达南极动身进入未知领域时,他忍受了地球上最不利的环境之一……  【拓展】 (1)set out for   出发去…… set out to do sth.= set about (doing) sth. 开始做某事 (2)set off 出发(=set out);使爆炸;拉响(警报) set off for=set out for 出发去…… set up 建立;设立 set down 记下;写下 set aside 省出,留出;把……放到一边 set back 阻碍,使推迟 【经典练】 ①If you want to catch that train, we’d better set out for the station immediately. 如果你想赶上那趟火车,我们最好马上出发去火车站。 ②The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find（find） the well-known painter. 第二天早上,他租了一条船,开始寻找那位著名的画家。(2020 全国Ⅲ) ③He returned a year later and set about making(make) up for lost time. 一年后他回来了,开始弥补失去的时间。 【好句背默】 ④Some companies have embraced AI: setting up specialized labs at home and abroad and hiring top engineers. 一些公司欣然接受了人工智能:在国内外建立专业的实验室,并聘请顶尖工程师。 考点13. investigation n.调查 Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section.用本节的单词和词组讨论对另一个科学谜题的调查。   【拓展】 (1)under investigation 在调查研究中 by  investigation通过调查 make/conduct  an investigation (into...)进行一次(对……的)调查 (2)investigate v.调查;研究 investigator n.调查者;侦查员 investigative adj.调查的;侦查的;调查研究的 【经典练】 ①By investigation, we find that the reading strategy has a striking effect on students’ English study. 通过调查,我们发现,阅读策略对学生的英语学习有显著的影响。 ②They made/conducted full investigations previous to reaching a conclusion. 他们在下结论之前做了充分的调查。 ③More than 60 samples taken from patients under investigation will be tested. 将对六十多份采自正在接受调查的病人的样本进行检测。 考点14. Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。 句式分析：whatever引导让步状语从句，句子中whatever the reasons 是整个句子的让步状语从句。 【拓展】 (1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。 “no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。 【经典练】 ①Whenever I'm unhappy，it is my friend who cheers me up. 每当我不开心时，总是我的朋友能让我振作起来。 ②As young people，we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work，no matter how ordinary it is. 作为年轻人，我们理应努力工作，并享受自己的工作，无论这份工作有多么平凡。 ③Wherever they looked，they saw nothing but ruins after the terrible earthquake. 无论他们看向何处，看到的都只是那场可怕地震过后留下的废墟。 ④Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. 无论她怎么说，都不会对我们的安排产生任何影响。 【好句背默】 ⑤Whatever you are doing，do something else when you want to smoke. 不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。 ⑥Whatever the result is，we should accept it with a smile，because we have tried our best. 无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。 考点15. Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。 句式分析：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语，此句中的us 是leave 的宾语，thinking about...是us 的补足语。 【拓展】 (1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)leave＋宾语＋分词 (3)leave＋宾语＋不定式 (4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句 在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。 【经典练】 ①Hearing the bad news，he hurried home，leaving the books lying(lie)open on the table. 听到这个坏消息后，他匆匆赶回家，把书留在了桌上，没有合上。 ②You'd better leave the door open (open)to let in fresh air. 你最好把门开着，以便让新鲜空气进来。 ③He had to go home，leaving the work unfinished (finished)．他不得不回家了，结果工作还没完成。 ④You should leave the lawyer to settle(settle)the problem. 你应该让律师来处理这个问题。 ⑤Leave the book where it is so that I can find it.把书放在原来的地方，以便我能找得到它。 考点16. However, not everyone chooses to follow this instinct.然而,并不是每个人都选择遵循这种本能。 not everyone部分否定结构 【拓展】 1.部分否 当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词(all、every、everyone、both等)的句子中时,不管not是在该不定代词之前还是之后,都表示整体中的一部分被否定,称之为部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。 (1)两者的部分否定:由not 和both 组成,表示“并非两者都……”。 (2)三者或三者以上的部分否定:当not与all、every、everyone、everybody、everything等不定代词连用时,即为三者或三者以上的部分否定。not all...或者all...not意为“并非所有……都 ”, not every-...或者every-...not意为“并非每一个……都”。 (3)表示总括意义的副词everywhere、wholly、always、altogether等和形容词whole、entire等与not连用时表示部分否定。 2.全部否定 (1)英语中表示三者或三者以上的“全不”时,常用否定词语no one、none、nothing、no-body、never、nowhere、not any以及“no+名词”等,表示全部否定。 (2)表示两者的全部否定用neither;either与not连用也表示两者的全部否定。 【经典练】 ①Not both the artists have a keen eye for beauty.=Both the artists don’t have a keen eye for beauty. 这两位艺术家并非都对美有敏锐的眼光。 ②Not all body language means the same thing in different countries.=All body language doesn’t mean the same thing in different countries.并非所有的身势语在不同的国家都有相同的意思。 ③This flower is not seen everywhere. 这种花并不是随处可见的。 ④No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease. 没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。 ⑤None of these people will admit responsibility for their actions. 这些人都不会承认对自己的行为负有的责任。 1． 语法精讲——复习定语从句 1．That he is still alive is sheer luck. 2．The trouble is that she has lost her purse. 3．John said that he was setting out for London on Wednesday. 4．Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 5．Do you know whom they are looking for? 6．Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 7．It's a pity that you have to leave. 8．It is not yet decided who will do that job. 9．I like it when people are open and straight. 10．I don't know who did it. 11．The reason is that it is raining. 12．The fact that he will go abroad makes me glad. 13．She made a promise that she would look after her parents. [共性呈现] 1．画线部分均为名词性从句； 2．句1、4、6、7、8均为主语从句； 3．句2、11均为表语从句； 4．句3、5、9、10均为宾语从句； 5．句12、13均为同位语从句。 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，在复合句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此根据它在句中的不同语法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句应用陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连词可以分为三类：①连接词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；②连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever；③连接副词：when，whenever，where，wherever，how，why。 一、that与whether/if引导的名词性从句 1. that引导的名词性从句 that引导名词性从句时,只起连接  作用,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义。 That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着真是万幸。 The fact that he has fully recovered makes me happy. 他完全康复的事实让我很高兴。 She said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that it was well worth visiting again. 她说这个展览非常棒,非常值得再次参观。 My decision is that all of us are to start at 6o'clock tomorrow morning. 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 温馨提示 that引导名词性从句时,在以下情况中不宜省略: (1)引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语 从句时,that一般不可省略。 (2)当句中有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that一般不可 省略。 (3)当that引导的宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时,that不可省略。 (4)that引导的从句作介词的宾语时,that不能省略。 His suggestion is that we (should) buy a car. 他的建议是我们买一辆车。 We all think it important that we should have a healthy lifestyle. 我们都认为我们拥有一种健康的生活方式很重要。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 请你相信我,我会一直帮助你的。 2. whether/if引导的名词性从句 whether与if引导名词性从句时表示“是否 ”,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语。whether与if只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan. 不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 I’m not sure whether/if you remember who I am. 我不确定你是否记得我是谁。 温馨提示 whether和if有时可互换,但在下列情况下,只可用whether: (1)引导主语从句且位于句首时。 (2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 (3)引导的从句作介词 的宾语时。 (4)后紧跟or not时。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether this idea can be put into practice. 问题是这一想法是否能付诸实践。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 I don’t know whether or not he arrives. 我不知道他是不是已经到了。 【经典练】用适当的连接词填空 1. Our aim was to see _____________ we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. 2. I have a very strong fear ______ the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children. 3. ______you can’t match him at chess is not true, is it? 4. The problem is __________whether the meeting will be held. 【答案】1. whether/if 2. that  3. That  4. whether 二、连接代词引导的名词性从句 连接代词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。连接代词起连接作用,有实际意义,在从句中充当句子成分,可作主语  、宾语、表语、定语。连接代词有who(ever), whom(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever) 。连接代词引导的名词性从句一律用陈述句 语序,不能用疑问句语序。 连接代词 词义 在从句中的成分 who(ever) 指代 “人”，意为“谁/任何人” 主语、宾语、表语 whom(ever) 指代 “人”， 意为“谁/无论谁” 宾语 whose 指代 “某人的”，意为“谁的” 定语 what(ever) 指代 “事物；东西”，意为“什么” 主语、宾语、表语 which(ever) 表示 “哪一个人或物” （有一定范畴） 主、宾、表（which后可接名词时，which做定语） What impressed me most was the trip to the forest park. 令我印象最深刻的是去森林公园的旅行。 I don’t know who found this book or whose book it is. 我不知道是谁发现了这本书,也不知道这本书是谁的。 He asked me which class had won the football match. 他问我哪个班级赢了足球赛。 I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我会想到什么就说什么。 What he said just now is true. 他刚才所说的话是真的。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 子犯法与度民同罪。 温馨提示 （1）whoever和whatever引导的名词性从句一般不用it作形式主语。 （2）what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但在实际使用中，其单复数取决于其成分的含义。 What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag. 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包。(schoolbag是可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。） What they need are a car and some water. 他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。(a car and some water表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.It’s still unknown ________team will win the basketball match. 2.It’s not wise for parents to give children _________ they want. 3. I will remember ______ I saw and ______ I met during my journey abroad. 【答案】1.which 2. whatever 3. what; who/whom 三、连接副词引导的名词性从句 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。连接副词起连接作用,有实际意义,在从句中充当句子成分,作状语 。连接副词引导的名词性从句一律用陈述句 语序,不能用疑问句语序。 When and where we shall meet again is unknown.我们何时何地会再见面是未知的。 I got up late and it was why I was late for school. 我起晚了,那就是我上学迟到的原因。 When we'll go for a picnic isn't known. 我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么突然消失仍是个谜。 温馨提示 引导的表语从句的连词还有as if,as though,because (1)as if,as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem, sound, be, become之后，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。 You look as if you've had a good time.你看起来好像玩得挺开心。(陈述语气) He looks as if he were from the Mars.他看起来像来自火星。(虚拟语气) (2)because引导表语从句常置于be动词之后，主句主语不能用reason。 -You look tired.你看起来很累。 -That may be because I didn't have a good sleep yesterday evening.也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。 如果主句主语是 reason，表语从句连接词用 that，不能用why或 because。常见句型为“The reason (why...) is that...” The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。(that 不能换成 because) 【经典练】单句语法填空 1. Tomorrow is ____ it would be the most convenient. 2. This is _____ I met Peter for the first time. 3. I like it ______ the sky is clear and the sun is warm. 4. He failed in the exam and that was _____ he didn’t have enough practice. 5. Many students are curious about ______ they can remember so many words in such a short time. 【答案】1.when 2. where 3.when 4. because 5. how 四、it代替名词性从句的结构 1. “it”作形式主语，代替主语从句 (1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true, natural,surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely,certain，probable等）十that从句. It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那样的提议。 (2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+that从句. It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。 （3）It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided, announced,arranged 等)+that从句. It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。 （4）It+不及物动词（短语）（seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out,occur to,make no difference 等)+that从句. It seems that he is not quite himself today. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着 温馨提示： 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”。常用句型有“It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/natural等+that从句.”和“It is suggested/requested/desired/ordered/demanded等+that从句.”。 It is necessary that we(should) have breakfast. 我们吃早餐是有必要的。 It was suggested that we (should)put off the meeting. 有人建议我们推迟会议。 2.“it”作形式宾语，代替宾语从句 (1)动词find、feel、consider、make、believe、think等后面的宾语从句后跟宾语补足语时,常使用形式宾语it,而将宾语从句移至句末。 I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好还是待在这儿。 (2)表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy、hate、love、like、dislike、appreciate等后可跟“形式宾语it+宾语从句”。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌他们说话时满嘴食物。 (3)有些动词(短语),如have(声称,听说)、take(认为)、see to(注意,确保)等后常跟“形式宾语it+that   引导的宾语从句”。 Can you see to it that everyone knows the date of the meetine? 你能保证每个人都知道开会日期吗？ I take it that he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来。 【经典练】 1. I made______ clear that I was determined to go to France. 2. I find it necessary _______ we should take a break during the work. 3. It is not yet decided _____ will do that job. 4. You may depend on _____that I shall always help you. 5. I like it _______people are open and straight. 【答案】1. it 2. that 3. who 4. it 5. when 二．写作精讲——介绍未解之谜 一、写作分析 介绍未解之谜属于属于说明文的范畴。写此类文章，不能凭空杜撰，要有科学依据，选材须来自科学文献或者权威机构。 2、 篇章结构 第一段：交代未解之谜的内容或者现象； 第二段：详细介绍未解之谜的具体信息； 第三段：描述对其所做的科学探索，试着解开谜团。 3、 语言特点 在客观基础上加入可能性表达，灵活运用情态动词来准确地描述和推测。 1、 常用词汇 1. 核心主题词汇 神秘现象： enigma, mystery, riddle 未解状态： unexplained, unresolved 科学探索： investigation, inquiry 2. 现象描述词汇 baffling bafflement perplexing perplexity inexplicable inexplicability 3. 科学理论相关 hypothesis propose a hypothesis plausible plausible theory speculation fuel speculation empirical evidence lack empirical evidence 4. 未解之谜特征 vanish without a trace defy explanation shrouded in mystery 二、常用句式 1. 悬念式开头 For centuries, ___ has perplexed scientists worldwide. What continues to baffle researchers is... 2.数据增强型 According to official records, ___ (数字) cases have been reported since ___. Statistics show that over ___% of the incidents remain unexplained. 3.神秘特征强调 What makes ___ particularly baffling is... The most perplexing aspect lies in... 4.未解状态描述 To this day, no conclusive evidence has emerged to... The truth remains shrouded in... 5.可能性推测 Scientists have not ruled out the possibility of... Further research is needed to determine whether... 6.未来展望 With advancing technology, we may one day... The enigma of ___ challenges us to... “大脚怪(Bigfoot)”一直引发人们的热议。请根据文字提示写一篇英语短文来参与讨论。 出没地址 北美 神秘生物描述 像猿(ape)，高6—10英尺，重量在500磅以上，全身覆盖着棕色或红色的毛，头和眼睛很大，脚印长达24英寸 发现情况 科学家和研究人员找到了与它相关的毛发、粪便(faeces)及大脚印等 结论 无其他证据证明其存在，这也许只是当地的传说，用来吓唬徒步者或猎人 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 说明文 时态 一般现在时和一般过去时 主题 介绍未解之谜 人称 第三人称 布局 首段：描述未解之谜的现象。 中段：解释神秘之处。 尾段：科学家的结论。 第二步　要点翻译 1. 据说它高6—10英尺，重量在500磅以上，全身覆盖着棕色或红色的毛，头和眼睛很大。 ____________ to be 6—10 feet tall, ________ over 500 pounds and was covered in brown or red fur with large eyes and a big head. 2. 但是到目前为止，没有其他证据证明其存在。 However, so far _______________________ to prove its existence. 【答案】1. It was said； weighing 2. there has been no other evidence 第三步　词句升级 1.用非限制性定语从句合并句 The Bigfoot is one of the world­famous mysterious creatures. It was first seen in North America. →The Bigfoot, _______ was first seen in North America, is one of the world­famous mysterious creatures. 2. 用定语从句合并句 Teams of scientists and researchers have gone there to make an investigation. They have found things related to it, such as faeces, and fur. →Teams of scientists and researchers _____ have gone there to make an investigation have found things related to it, such as faeces, fur and so on. 【答案】1.which 2. who 第四步　连句成篇 The Bigfoot, which was first seen in North America, is one of the world­famous mysterious creatures. Witnesses described it as an ape­like creature.It was said to be 6—10 feet tall, weighing over 500 pounds and was covered in brown or red fur with large eyes and a big head.Footprints up to 24 inches long have been found. Teams of scientists and researchers who have gone there to make an investigation have found things related to it, such as faeces, and fur. However, so far there has been no other evidence to prove its existence.Some people think it may be just folk tales or stories to terrify hikers and hunters in North America. 一、短 语 1．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 2．make a getaway逃跑，逃走 3．run for one’s life 逃命 4．check out调查，检查 5．test the waters试水，试探 6．the unknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方 7．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 8．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去 9．think twice再三考虑，慎重考虑 10．shrink from避免做，不愿做 11．look into调查(问题) 12．correspond to与……相符/一致 13．apply...to...把……应用于…… 14．on top of除此之外 15．at something’s peak达到顶峰 16．offer a window into提供了解……的一扇窗 17．beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外 18．steer clear of避开……；从……处脱身 二、词性转变 1.expansion n．扩大；增加expand v．扩张，(使)膨胀；发展 2．investigation n．调查investigate v．调查 3.archaeological adv.考古学的；考古的archaeology n．考古学archaeologist n．考古学家 4．drilling n．钻探；勘探drill v．钻孔；训练 5．civilise v．文明化；教化civilisation n．文明civilised adj.文明的 6．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟ruinous adj.毁灭性的ruinously adv.毁灭地 7．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定dismissal n．摒弃；不予考虑dismissive adj.轻蔑的 8．abandon v．离弃，逃离abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的abandonment n．离弃；遗弃 9. astronomy n．天文学astronaut n．宇航员 10. notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的note v．注意 三、句 子 1. Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. 15岁的加拿大少年威廉•甘德瑞自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。 2. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。 3. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 同时玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。  4. Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it disappeared... 诸如此类的事实增加了玛雅文明的神秘感，驱使人们去查看因何玛雅文明消失…… 5. So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar. 所以，当你可能会忍不住去查看一个陌生的东西，或者去试探新环境时，避开不熟悉（的东西或地方）会更安全。 6. Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and pursue the unknown. 我们的一些祖先没有撤退到他们的洞穴里， 而是选择了克制他们的恐惧，继续探讨不为人知的地方。 7. In these waters, more than 200 meters deep, where light can't reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction. 在200多米以下、阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是刚从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。 8. Of course exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action. 当然，探索并不一定意味着盲目地把自己置身于未知的世界中，在采取行动之前慎重考虑从来都不会错。 9. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options. 虽然我们面对新状况没有必要畏缩不前，但我们总应该先调查一番，再考虑我们的选择。 10. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ. 然而我们能完全了解这个复杂器官的工作原理前仍然有很长的路要走。 11. Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continued to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. 基于我们有限的认知，探索海洋可以带来许多科学领域的新发现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。 12. Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. 玛雅文明倾颓的原因一直是一个谜团。 13. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 但最大的迷是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。 1. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. —Albert Einstein 关键在于永不停止发问。好奇心本身就有存在的意义。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 2. Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. ——Carl Sagan 探索是我们的天性。我们生为流浪者，至今仍是。——卡尔·萨根 3. The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge. ——Stephen Hawking 知识最大的敌人不是无知，而是对知识的幻觉。——斯蒂芬·霍金 4. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. ——Mark Twain 二十年后，让你后悔的往往不是做过的事，而是没做的事。所以解开缆绳，驶离安全的港湾吧。 ——马克·吐温 9 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$