专题05定语从句攻坚方案(关系词选择与结构拆解秘籍)-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019） 专题05定语从句攻坚方案(关系词选择与结构拆解秘籍) 内容导航 思维导图: 图文结合,知识整合 考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺 牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升 高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破 思维导图 定语从句思维导图 考点聚焦 考点（一） 定语从句精讲 考点（二） 定语从句关系代词考点梳理 考点（三） 定语从句关系副词考点梳理 考点（四） 限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句考点梳理 考点（五） 定语从句高考核心考点精讲 考点（六） 定语从句模拟精炼 重点速记 考点（一） 定语从句精讲 一、定语从句的基本概念 （一）定义： 1、定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词的作用，故又称形容词性从句。 2、先行词：先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 3、关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 4、关系词的作用： 关系词代替先行词，在从句中充当一定的成分。 （1）代替作用（2）引导作用（3）充当成分作用。 5、引导定语从句的词有： 关系代词that, which, who ,whom, whose, as 关系副词when, where, why 关系代词 先行词 从句中成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The man who helped me is my teacher. whom 人 宾语 The girl whom you met is my cousin. （可省略） which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which is on the desk is mine. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 The car that he bought is very expensive. whose 人 / 物 定语 This is the girl whose mother is a doctor. （二）结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 eg：The girl who is standing there is my sister. （先行词：the girl；关系词：who；定语从句：is standing there） 考点（二） 定语从句关系代词考点梳理 考点（一）关系代词that的特殊用法 辨析：that 和 which 1、只能用 that 的情况： （1）先行词为不定代词（all, everything, nothing, something 等） All that he said is true. （2） 先行词被序数词、最高级或 the only, the very, the same 等修饰： This is the first book that I read this year. He is the only person that can help you. （3） 先行词同时含有人和物： We talked about the things and persons that we remembered. （4） 当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, nobody, much, little, any 等不定代词，或被no, little, all等修饰时。 This is all that I know. 这就是我所知道的全部内容了。 （5）当先行词有the only, the very, the same修饰时。 You are the very boy that I want. 你正是我想要的那个男孩。 （6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who was the girl that came here last night? 昨晚来这的那个女孩是谁？ 2、不用that的情况 （1）引导非限定性定语从句时。 　The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.那棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 （2）介词后不能用。 　We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物 3、用who而不用that的情况 （1）主句是there be句型，且先行词是人时； （2）先行词是人称代词he/she/those...,或者不定代词anyone，someone，everyone， somebody, anybody, one，ones等词时； （3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时； （4）当先行词是 people 或是表示人的集体名词时。 4、只能用 which 的情况： a：引导非限制性定语从句（从句用逗号隔开，不能省略）： The house, which was built in 1900, is very old. b:关系代词前有介词（介词 + which 结构）： This is the room in which Lu Xun once lived. 5、辨析：Who和 whom whom 是 who 的宾格，在从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但介词后必须用 whom： The person to whom you spoke is my father. （不可用 who） 考点（三） 定语从句关系副词考点梳理 考点（二）关系副词的用法 1、关系副词：when where why 关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。 when, where, why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 2、总结关系副词的作用： 指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；连接主句和从句；在从句中充当句子成分—状语 关系副词 指代 在从句充当成分 相当于介词+which 例句 when 时间 时间状语 at/in/on...which I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall. where 地点 地点状语 in/at...which The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why 原因 原因状语 for which Can you explain the reason why you don’t want to help him? 3、 知识拓展 （1）当先行词为situation，case, stage, point...，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词where引导。eg：They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. （2）先行词是表示时间的名词, time, hour, day, year, moment, occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段, stage时期，interval 间隙等词  且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词when引导 I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall. I’ll never forget the days (which/ that) we spent in the small village. 注意：若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。 不能看到先行词是时间，就填when,注意分析句子成分。 辨析：关系代词和关系副词 判断依据：先行词在从句中作什么成分 （1） 从句缺少主、宾、定-----关系代词 （2） 从句缺状语--------关系副词 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句： 当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句： 当关系词在从句中作定语时，用介词+whose引导定语从句： 名/代/数词/形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系词 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom。 先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。 4、 介词的使用原则是： （1）根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 on which I spent 10 yuan. This is the book 这就是我花10元钱买的书。 for which I paid 10 yuan. （2）根据先行词的搭配习惯 I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. （3）表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用of The old woman has two sons, both of whom are doctors. 考点（四） 限制性定语从句考点梳理 1、限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句话。 This is the house which we bought last month. （限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性） 2、重点关注：在非限制性定语从句中需要注意的问题： （1）关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 （2）关系代词代词不能省略。eg：I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略) （3）Which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词语也可以是个句子。 eg：He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy. 3、as和which引导定语从句的区别 （1）在限制性定语从句中，which指代先行词是物的名词或代词；而as指代先行词是物或人的词， 且先行词前一般有as, so, such, the same等限定语。 She is so nice a girl as we all like. （2）在非限制性定语从句中，定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，as引导的定语从句可以放在 主句之前、之中或之后；which引导的从句一般只之于主句之后。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. = Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one's health. = Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we know. （3）定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，which引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系， 可用and this/ that来代替；as主要连接上下文，表达说话人的看法、观点，指出主句内容的出处 或根据等，译为“正如……”。 As is announced in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work. 4、关系副词可转换为 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构： I still remember the day on which we met.（= when） This is the school in which I studied.（= where） 若先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，需用关系代词，而非关系副词： This is the factory that/which he visited yesterday.（作宾语，用 which/that） This is the factory where he worked yesterday.（作状语，用 where） 考点（五）高考核心考点精讲 考点 1：关系代词与关系副词的选择 关键判断：先行词在从句中作什么成分？ 作主语、宾语 → 用关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）。 作状语（时间、地点、原因）→ 用关系副词（when, where, why）或 “介词 + 关系代词” eg：I will never forget the days ______ we spent together. （spent 缺宾语，用关系代词 which/that，可省略） I will never forget the days ______ we worked together. （worked 不缺宾语，缺时间状语，用 when 或 on which） 考点 2：介词 + 关系代词 用法规则： （1）介词的选择依据： 从句中动词与介词的固定搭配： This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.（write with） （2）先行词与介词的搭配： The desk on which there is a book is mine.（on the desk） （3）句子整体逻辑： He is the man from whom I learned the news.（learn from） 注意事项： 介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），不能用 that 或 who。 固定动词短语中的介词不可提前（如 look after, take care of 等） The baby (whom) she is looking after is very cute.（不可说 after whom she is looking） eg：The man ______ you shook hands just now is our manager. A. with whom B. with who C. whom D. that 考点 3：非限制性定语从句 特点： 从句与主句用逗号隔开，不能用 that 引导。 从句不可省略，否则影响主句完整意义。 关系代词 which 可指代整个主句内容，译为 “这一点”： He was late again, which made the teacher angry.（which 指代 “他再次迟到” 这件事） eg：The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is very interesting. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 考点 4：whose 的用法（重点） 功能：whose 作定语，修饰名词，相当于 “先行词的所有格”，可指人或物。 指物时，可转换为 “the + 名词 + of which” 或 “of which + the + 名词”： The house whose roof is broken = The house the roof of which is broken = The house of which the roof is broken. eg：This is the scientist ______ name is known all over the world. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 考点 5：定语从句与同位语从句的区别 区别 定语从句 同位语从句 功能 修饰先行词（形容词性） 解释说明名词（名词性） 引导词 关系词（在从句中作成分） 连接词（that/whether/ 疑问词，不作成分） 先行词 可为具体名词或代词 多为抽象名词（idea, fact, news 等） 引导词 that 作主语 / 宾语（可省略宾语） 仅起连接作用，不可省略 eg：The news that he told me is true.（定语从句，that 作宾语，可省略） The news that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，that 不作成分，不可省略） 考点 6：主谓一致与时态 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数与先行词一致： 先行词为单数 → 谓语单数：He is the only one of the students who has won the prize. 先行词为复数 → 谓语复数：He is one of the students who have won the prize. 从句时态与主句无关，需根据语境判断： I met a man yesterday who used to be my teacher.（从句用过去式） （四）高考易错点提醒 1、忽略先行词在从句中的成分： 误：This is the place where we visited last year.（visited 缺宾语，应改为 which/that） 2、介词搭配错误： 误：The person who you talked is my friend.（talk 后缺介词 to，改为 to whom） 混淆 whose 与 it 的所有格： 误：The classroom its door is broken is on the second floor.（应改为 whose door） （五）判断定语从句的三大关键特征 1. 结构特征：从句紧跟先行词后，由关系词引导 先行词：必须是名词或代词（如人、物、地点、时间等），有时先行词可省略（如 “the person I met” 中省略了关系代词 “whom”）。 关系词：必须存在（有时可省略，见下文），位于先行词和从句之间，连接主句和从句。 2. 逻辑特征：从句与先行词存在 “修饰” 关系 定语从句与先行词之间需存在逻辑上的修饰关系，即从句是对先行词的 “限定” 或 “描述”。 3. 成分特征：从句中缺少成分，关系词充当从句的成分 定语从句是一个不完整的句子，关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。 （1）作主语：The boy who broke the window is sorry. （从句缺少主语，who 充当主语。） （2）作宾语：The letter that I received was from my friend. （从句缺少宾语，that 充当宾语，可省略为 “The letter I received...”。） （3）作状语：This is the room where we lived last year. （从句缺少地点状语，where=in which，充当状语。） 考点（六） 定语从句模拟精炼 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试）We are living in an information age ________ many things can be done on the Internet. A．when B．where C．that D．which 2．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中）The Dragon Boat Festival, ______ features dragon boat races, is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan. A．where B．when C．which D．who 3．（24-25高一下·天津·期中）We may come across occasions ______ we want to search for some information but it isn’t available online. A．that B．which C．when D．what 4．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中）________ is reported in the news, Harrison has been arrested, who is said ________ his neighbour. A．Which; had harmed B．What; to have harmed C．As; to have harmed D．As; to be harmed 5．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）The museum____________ we visited last week has a famous collection of ancient paintings. A．who B．which C．where D．when 6．（24-25高二下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）________ vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes ________ extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A．To cover, where B．Covering, that C．Covered, which D．Having covered, where 7．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）—Is that the small company you often refer to? —Right, just the one________ you know my father used to work for 10 years. A．that B．which C．where D．as 8．（24-25高一下·吉林长春·阶段练习）After Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, ______ he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero ______ in China. A．where; being remembered B．in which; to be remembered C．for which; remembered D．when; to remember 9．（24-25高一下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试）I still remember the house ________ my mother and I used to stay in that evening. A．where B．why C．in which D．which 10．（24-25高一下·北京·阶段练习）It’s one of the most interesting stories ________ I have ever read. A．which B．that C．what D．whose 二、选词填空 （23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）选词填空 11．Is there anything else (which/that) you require? 12．The first place (which/that) we visited in China was the Great Wall. 13．He talked happily about the men and books (which/that) interested him greatly. 14．Which is the clock (which/that) was made in France in the 18th century? 15．I’ve read all the books (which/that) were borrowed from the library. 16．The way in (that/which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 17．The Pursuit of Happyness is the most moving film (that/which) I have ever seen. 18．The prize was awarded to those (that/who) have made great contributions to scientific development. 三、完成句子 19．（24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）若你留心观察，便会惊讶地发现，广州是一座历史与现代文化交融的城市。(定语从句) , you will that Guangzhou is a city 20．（24-25高一下·吉林松原·期中）当你遇到困难时，你会遇到其他正在面临类似挑战的人。 When you times, you meet others . 21．（24-25高一下·福建福州·期中）受到启发，他让歌迷们制作视频，然后将视频合并到一个表演中。 , he asked his fans to make videos, he then joined together into one performance. 22．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）The Boys and Girls Club he started in Chicago has been young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 23．（24-25高一下·广东广州·阶段练习）在毕业典礼上，校长发表了演讲，在演讲中他祝贺毕业生们取得来之不易的成就。 At the graduation ceremony, the university president gave a speech their hard-earned achievements.(用定语从句) 四、语法填空 （20-21高一上·全国·单元测试）语法填空 There are moments in life 24 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 25 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 26 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 27 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 28 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 29 (happy) people don't 30 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 31 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 32 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 33 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019） 专题05定语从句攻坚方案(关系词选择与结构拆解秘籍) 内容导航 思维导图: 图文结合,知识整合 考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺 牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升 高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破 思维导图 定语从句思维导图 考点聚焦 考点（一） 定语从句精讲 考点（二） 定语从句关系代词考点梳理 考点（三） 定语从句关系副词考点梳理 考点（四） 限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句考点梳理 考点（五） 定语从句高考核心考点精讲 考点（六） 定语从句模拟精炼 重点速记 考点（一） 定语从句精讲 一、定语从句的基本概念 （一）定义： 1、定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词的作用，故又称形容词性从句。 2、先行词：先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 3、关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 4、关系词的作用： 关系词代替先行词，在从句中充当一定的成分。 （1）代替作用（2）引导作用（3）充当成分作用。 5、引导定语从句的词有： 关系代词that, which, who ,whom, whose, as 关系副词when, where, why 关系代词 先行词 从句中成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The man who helped me is my teacher. whom 人 宾语 The girl whom you met is my cousin. （可省略） which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which is on the desk is mine. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 The car that he bought is very expensive. whose 人 / 物 定语 This is the girl whose mother is a doctor. （二）结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 eg：The girl who is standing there is my sister. （先行词：the girl；关系词：who；定语从句：is standing there） 考点（二） 定语从句关系代词考点梳理 考点（一）关系代词that的特殊用法 辨析：that 和 which 1、只能用 that 的情况： （1）先行词为不定代词（all, everything, nothing, something 等） All that he said is true. （2） 先行词被序数词、最高级或 the only, the very, the same 等修饰： This is the first book that I read this year. He is the only person that can help you. （3） 先行词同时含有人和物： We talked about the things and persons that we remembered. （4） 当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, nobody, much, little, any 等不定代词，或被no, little, all等修饰时。 This is all that I know. 这就是我所知道的全部内容了。 （5）当先行词有the only, the very, the same修饰时。 You are the very boy that I want. 你正是我想要的那个男孩。 （6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who was the girl that came here last night? 昨晚来这的那个女孩是谁？ 2、不用that的情况 （1）引导非限定性定语从句时。 　The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.那棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 （2）介词后不能用。 　We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物 3、用who而不用that的情况 （1）主句是there be句型，且先行词是人时； （2）先行词是人称代词he/she/those...,或者不定代词anyone，someone，everyone， somebody, anybody, one，ones等词时； （3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时； （4）当先行词是 people 或是表示人的集体名词时。 4、只能用 which 的情况： a：引导非限制性定语从句（从句用逗号隔开，不能省略）： The house, which was built in 1900, is very old. b:关系代词前有介词（介词 + which 结构）： This is the room in which Lu Xun once lived. 5、辨析：Who和 whom whom 是 who 的宾格，在从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但介词后必须用 whom： The person to whom you spoke is my father. （不可用 who） 考点（三） 定语从句关系副词考点梳理 考点（二）关系副词的用法 1、关系副词：when where why 关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。 when, where, why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 2、总结关系副词的作用： 指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；连接主句和从句；在从句中充当句子成分—状语 关系副词 指代 在从句充当成分 相当于介词+which 例句 when 时间 时间状语 at/in/on...which I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall. where 地点 地点状语 in/at...which The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why 原因 原因状语 for which Can you explain the reason why you don’t want to help him? 3、 知识拓展 （1）当先行词为situation，case, stage, point...，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词where引导。eg：They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. （2）先行词是表示时间的名词, time, hour, day, year, moment, occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段, stage时期，interval 间隙等词  且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词when引导 I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall. I’ll never forget the days (which/ that) we spent in the small village. 注意：若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。 不能看到先行词是时间，就填when,注意分析句子成分。 辨析：关系代词和关系副词 判断依据：先行词在从句中作什么成分 （1） 从句缺少主、宾、定-----关系代词 （2） 从句缺状语--------关系副词 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句： 当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句： 当关系词在从句中作定语时，用介词+whose引导定语从句： 名/代/数词/形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系词 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom。 先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。 4、 介词的使用原则是： （1）根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 on which I spent 10 yuan. This is the book 这就是我花10元钱买的书。 for which I paid 10 yuan. （2）根据先行词的搭配习惯 I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. （3）表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用of The old woman has two sons, both of whom are doctors. 考点（四） 限制性定语从句考点梳理 1、限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句话。 This is the house which we bought last month. （限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性） 2、重点关注：在非限制性定语从句中需要注意的问题： （1）关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 （2）关系代词代词不能省略。eg：I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略) （3）Which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词语也可以是个句子。 eg：He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy. 3、as和which引导定语从句的区别 （1）在限制性定语从句中，which指代先行词是物的名词或代词；而as指代先行词是物或人的词， 且先行词前一般有as, so, such, the same等限定语。 She is so nice a girl as we all like. （2）在非限制性定语从句中，定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，as引导的定语从句可以放在 主句之前、之中或之后；which引导的从句一般只之于主句之后。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. = Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one's health. = Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we know. （3）定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，which引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系， 可用and this/ that来代替；as主要连接上下文，表达说话人的看法、观点，指出主句内容的出处 或根据等，译为“正如……”。 As is announced in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work. 4、关系副词可转换为 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构： I still remember the day on which we met.（= when） This is the school in which I studied.（= where） 若先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，需用关系代词，而非关系副词： This is the factory that/which he visited yesterday.（作宾语，用 which/that） This is the factory where he worked yesterday.（作状语，用 where） 考点（五）高考核心考点精讲 考点 1：关系代词与关系副词的选择 关键判断：先行词在从句中作什么成分？ 作主语、宾语 → 用关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）。 作状语（时间、地点、原因）→ 用关系副词（when, where, why）或 “介词 + 关系代词” eg：I will never forget the days ______ we spent together. （spent 缺宾语，用关系代词 which/that，可省略） I will never forget the days ______ we worked together. （worked 不缺宾语，缺时间状语，用 when 或 on which） 答案：1. (that/which)；2. when 考点 2：介词 + 关系代词 用法规则： （1）介词的选择依据： 从句中动词与介词的固定搭配： This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.（write with） （2）先行词与介词的搭配： The desk on which there is a book is mine.（on the desk） （3）句子整体逻辑： He is the man from whom I learned the news.（learn from） 注意事项： 介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），不能用 that 或 who。 固定动词短语中的介词不可提前（如 look after, take care of 等） The baby (whom) she is looking after is very cute.（不可说 after whom she is looking） eg：The man ______ you shook hands just now is our manager. A. with whom B. with who C. whom D. that 答案：A（shake hands with sb.，介词 with 提前，用 whom） 考点 3：非限制性定语从句 特点： 从句与主句用逗号隔开，不能用 that 引导。 从句不可省略，否则影响主句完整意义。 关系代词 which 可指代整个主句内容，译为 “这一点”： He was late again, which made the teacher angry.（which 指代 “他再次迟到” 这件事） eg：The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is very interesting. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 答案：B（非限制性定语从句，用 which） 考点 4：whose 的用法（重点） 功能：whose 作定语，修饰名词，相当于 “先行词的所有格”，可指人或物。 指物时，可转换为 “the + 名词 + of which” 或 “of which + the + 名词”： The house whose roof is broken = The house the roof of which is broken = The house of which the roof is broken. eg：This is the scientist ______ name is known all over the world. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 答案：C（name 前需定语，用 whose） 考点 5：定语从句与同位语从句的区别 区别 定语从句 同位语从句 功能 修饰先行词（形容词性） 解释说明名词（名词性） 引导词 关系词（在从句中作成分） 连接词（that/whether/ 疑问词，不作成分） 先行词 可为具体名词或代词 多为抽象名词（idea, fact, news 等） 引导词 that 作主语 / 宾语（可省略宾语） 仅起连接作用，不可省略 eg：The news that he told me is true.（定语从句，that 作宾语，可省略） The news that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，that 不作成分，不可省略） 考点 6：主谓一致与时态 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数与先行词一致： 先行词为单数 → 谓语单数：He is the only one of the students who has won the prize. 先行词为复数 → 谓语复数：He is one of the students who have won the prize. 从句时态与主句无关，需根据语境判断： I met a man yesterday who used to be my teacher.（从句用过去式） （四）高考易错点提醒 1、忽略先行词在从句中的成分： 误：This is the place where we visited last year.（visited 缺宾语，应改为 which/that） 2、介词搭配错误： 误：The person who you talked is my friend.（talk 后缺介词 to，改为 to whom） 混淆 whose 与 it 的所有格： 误：The classroom its door is broken is on the second floor.（应改为 whose door） （五）判断定语从句的三大关键特征 1. 结构特征：从句紧跟先行词后，由关系词引导 先行词：必须是名词或代词（如人、物、地点、时间等），有时先行词可省略（如 “the person I met” 中省略了关系代词 “whom”）。 关系词：必须存在（有时可省略，见下文），位于先行词和从句之间，连接主句和从句。 2. 逻辑特征：从句与先行词存在 “修饰” 关系 定语从句与先行词之间需存在逻辑上的修饰关系，即从句是对先行词的 “限定” 或 “描述”。 3. 成分特征：从句中缺少成分，关系词充当从句的成分 定语从句是一个不完整的句子，关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。 （1）作主语：The boy who broke the window is sorry. （从句缺少主语，who 充当主语。） （2）作宾语：The letter that I received was from my friend. （从句缺少宾语，that 充当宾语，可省略为 “The letter I received...”。） （3）作状语：This is the room where we lived last year. （从句缺少地点状语，where=in which，充当状语。） 考点（六） 定语从句模拟精炼 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试）We are living in an information age ________ many things can be done on the Internet. A．when B．where C．that D．which 2．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中）The Dragon Boat Festival, ______ features dragon boat races, is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan. A．where B．when C．which D．who 3．（24-25高一下·天津·期中）We may come across occasions ______ we want to search for some information but it isn’t available online. A．that B．which C．when D．what 4．（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中）________ is reported in the news, Harrison has been arrested, who is said ________ his neighbour. A．Which; had harmed B．What; to have harmed C．As; to have harmed D．As; to be harmed 5．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）The museum____________ we visited last week has a famous collection of ancient paintings. A．who B．which C．where D．when 6．（24-25高二下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）________ vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes ________ extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A．To cover, where B．Covering, that C．Covered, which D．Having covered, where 7．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）—Is that the small company you often refer to? —Right, just the one________ you know my father used to work for 10 years. A．that B．which C．where D．as 8．（24-25高一下·吉林长春·阶段练习）After Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, ______ he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero ______ in China. A．where; being remembered B．in which; to be remembered C．for which; remembered D．when; to remember 9．（24-25高一下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试）I still remember the house ________ my mother and I used to stay in that evening. A．where B．why C．in which D．which 10．（24-25高一下·北京·阶段练习）It’s one of the most interesting stories ________ I have ever read. A．which B．that C．what D．whose 二、选词填空 （23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）选词填空 11．Is there anything else (which/that) you require? 12．The first place (which/that) we visited in China was the Great Wall. 13．He talked happily about the men and books (which/that) interested him greatly. 14．Which is the clock (which/that) was made in France in the 18th century? 15．I’ve read all the books (which/that) were borrowed from the library. 16．The way in (that/which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 17．The Pursuit of Happyness is the most moving film (that/which) I have ever seen. 18．The prize was awarded to those (that/who) have made great contributions to scientific development. 三、完成句子 19．（24-25高一下·广东广州·期中）若你留心观察，便会惊讶地发现，广州是一座历史与现代文化交融的城市。(定语从句) , you will that Guangzhou is a city 20．（24-25高一下·吉林松原·期中）当你遇到困难时，你会遇到其他正在面临类似挑战的人。 When you times, you meet others . 21．（24-25高一下·福建福州·期中）受到启发，他让歌迷们制作视频，然后将视频合并到一个表演中。 , he asked his fans to make videos, he then joined together into one performance. 22．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）The Boys and Girls Club he started in Chicago has been young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 23．（24-25高一下·广东广州·阶段练习）在毕业典礼上，校长发表了演讲，在演讲中他祝贺毕业生们取得来之不易的成就。 At the graduation ceremony, the university president gave a speech their hard-earned achievements.(用定语从句) 四、语法填空 （20-21高一上·全国·单元测试）语法填空 There are moments in life 24 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 25 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 26 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 27 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 28 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 29 (happy) people don't 30 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 31 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 32 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 33 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 参考答案 1．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个信息时代，很多事情都可以在互联网上完成。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词age是时代，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句，故选A。 2．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：端午节以龙舟赛为特色，是为纪念屈原而庆祝的。 features dragon boat races是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Dragon Boat Festival。从句中缺少主语，且先行词为“节日”(事物)，需用关系代词which引导从句。故选C项。 3．C 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：我们可能会遇到某些场合，在这些场合中我们想搜索一些信息，但这些信息在网上无法找到。此处引导定语从句，先行词为occasions，在定语从句中做时间状语，关系副词为when。故选C项。 4．C 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：正如新闻所报道的，哈里森已经被捕，据说他伤害了他的邻居。中间的句子为主句，前后的两个句子均为定语从句，as引导非限定性定语从句时，可指代整个主句的内容，可放在句首、句中或句末，意为“正如，正像”，而which”引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在句首，what不能引导定语从句，所以第一空用as；be said to do sth.是固定结构，意为“据说做某事”，根据Harrison has been arrested可知，harm his neighbour这个动作发生在has been arrested之前，所以要用不定式的完成式“to have done”结构，表示动作已经完成，故第二空用to have harmed。故选C项。 5．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们上周参观的博物馆有一批著名的古画。该空需要一个关系词引导定语从句修饰名词museum，代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故选B项。 6．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：丝绸之路覆盖着广阔的距离和令人惊叹的各种地貌景观，它是一个古老的贸易路线网络，从东亚一直延伸到地中海地区。第一空中的动词cover在句中作状语，与逻辑主语the Silk Road是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式；第二空需要一个关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词a network of ancient trade routes，并指代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，可填that或which。故选B项。 7．C 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意： —那是你经常提到的那家小公司吗？ —是的，就是你知道我父亲曾经工作过10年的那家。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the one，在定语从句作地点状语（you know为插入语），应用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 8．B 【详解】考查定语从句和动词不定式的被动语态。句意：白求恩去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇纪念他的文章，称赞白求恩医生是中国值得纪念的英雄。分析第一个空：这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“an article”，在从句“he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero...”中，“in the article”表示 “在这篇文章里”，所以关系词可以用“in which”或“where”。分析第二个空：空处为非谓语，表示“一个将被中国铭记的英雄”，“to be done”结构表示将来的被动动作，“a hero ______ in China”，这里应用“to be remembered”作后置定语修饰“a hero”，符合语境。故选B项。 9．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得那天晚上我和妈妈住的房子。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词the house在从句中作stay in的宾语，所以为关系代词which引导。故选D项。 10．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我读过的最有趣的故事之一。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词stories是物，且被最高级the most interesting修饰，因此关系代词只用that，不用which，故选B。 11．that 12．that 13．that 14．that 15．that 16．which 17．that 18．who 【解析】11．考查定语从句。句意：您还需要别的什么吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词anything else，先行词指物，含不定代词，应用关系代词that作引导词。故填that。 12．考查定语从句。句意：我们在中国参观的第一个地方是长城。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place，先行词指物，被序数词The first修饰，应用关系代词that作引导词。故填that。 13．考查定语从句。句意：他愉快地谈论着他非常感兴趣的人和书。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the men and books，先行词包括人和物，应用关系代词that作引导词。故填that。 14．考查定语从句。句意：哪只钟是18世纪在法国制造的？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the clock，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，句子中已包含疑问代词Which，应用关系代词that作引导词。故填that。 15．考查定语从句。句意：我把从图书馆借的书都看完了。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the books，先行词指物，被all修饰，应用关系代词that作引导词。故填that。 16．考查定语从句。句意：他向我们解释这个句子的方式不难理解。空处和介词in搭配，构成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The way，先行词指物，作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 17．考查定语从句。句意：《当幸福来敲门》是我看过的最感人的电影。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词film，先行词指物，被形容词最高级the most moving修饰，应用关系代词that作引导词。故填that。 18．考查定语从句。句意：这个奖颁发给对科学发展有重大贡献的人。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。 19． If you observe carefully be surprised to find where history and modern culture blend 【详解】考查从句和时态。“若你留心观察”为if引导的条件状语从句，从句为一般现在时，主句为将来时；“观察”为“observe ”；“留心地”为“carefully”；翻译为“若你留心观察”。“惊讶做某事”为“be surprised to do sth”；“发现”为“find”；“惊讶地发现”为“be surprised to find”；“历史与现代文化交融”为“history and modern culture blend”为定语从句，先行词为city，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填If you observe carefully； be surprised to find； where history and modern culture blend。 20． go through tough; who are facing similar challenges 【详解】考查动词（短语）、时态和定语从句。表示“遇到”应用go through，根据主句谓语meet可知when引导的时间状语从句使用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语动词用原形；“遇到困难”表达为go through tough times，tough为形容词“困难的”；表示“面临”应用动词face，表示“类似的挑战”应用similar challenges；“正在面临类似挑战的人”可表达为定语从句修饰先行词others，从句使用现在进行时，表示正在进行的动作；关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，用who引导，定语从句表达为who are facing similar challenges。故填①go through tough；②who are facing similar challenges。 21． Inspired which 【详解】考查动词和定语从句。“启发”为动词inspire，句子中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语he和动词inspire是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词videos，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故填Inspired，which。 22． which/that helping 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。_______ he started in Chicago是定语从句，对先行词The Boys and Girls Club进行限定说明，从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词which或that代替先行词在从句中作宾语。所以，第一个空格处用that或which。第二个空格处是谓语动词，“帮助”用动词help表示，主语The Boys and Girls Club与动词help之间是主动关系，所以用主动语态；根据时间状语since 1996可知，应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，结合空格前的has been可知，此处是现在完成进行时，结构为has/have been doing，表示动作从过去持续到现在并且可能还将继续进行，第二个空格处用helping。故填which/that；helping。 23．where he congratulated the graduates on 【详解】考查定语从句、时态。“At the graduation ceremony, the university president gave a speech”是主句，后面接定语从句修饰先行词speech。在定语从句中，先行词speech表示抽象的地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。表示“祝贺某人某事”含义的表达为“congratulate sb. on sth.”，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，表示“毕业生”为名词graduates。故填 where he congratulated the graduates on。 24．when 25．another 26．has been opened 27．who 28．to dream 29．happiest 30．necessarily 31．comes 32．forgotten 33．around 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 24．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 25．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 26．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 27．考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 28．考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 29．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 30．考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 31．考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 32．考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 33．考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 【点睛】that在定语从句中是既可以指人也可以 指物，当先行词是all, something,nothing等不定代词用that，这是that和which在比较是都在指物的情况下，不包括指人时。当先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone ,someone等并且指人时，我们只用who。 从句中要注意先行词和动词的对应关系。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数，动词要用三单；主语为非第三人称单数，动词用原形。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$