课时检测训练37 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards-【勤径学升】2026年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（外研版2019）

课时检测训练37选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards >对应答案P463 I.阅读理解 The system's strains have become more obvious because the number of people doing PhD training has (2024·河南省邓州市部分学枚高三一模)These been rising sharply.According to the 2022 book days,there's barely a world leader who doesn't talk Towards a Global Core Value System in Doctoral up science.For example,the India's Prime Minister Education,the number of PhDs awarded in India was the main performer at the annual Indian Science increased from 17,850 in 2004 to 25,095 in 2016: Congress,held in Nagpur,where he encouraged the US figures climbed from 48,500 to 69,525 over the nation's researchers to do the science needed to make same period.If researchers are to meet society's India self-reliant. expectations,their training and mentoring must The message to researchers is crystal clear:leaders escape the nineteenth century. see science as essential to national prosperity,well-being 1.Why is the India's Prime Minister mentioned in and,of course,competitiveness.So,is research fit for the the first paragraph? challenge of advancing,refining or critiquing these goals? A.To indicate India's serious scientific landscape. Not exactly.And it won't be until there is fundamental B.To imply more researchers are in great demand reform to the gateway to a research career:PhD training. in India. As Nature and other publications have C.To show leaders'emphasis on scientific research. frequently reported,PhD training worldwide has D.To demonstrate more and more people take an interest in science. been in trouble for some time.Students'stipends 活津贴)are not enough in most countries,creating a 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.The reforms in science. cost-of-living crisis.Early-career researchers B.The significance of mentorship. constantly report concerns about a constant lack of C.The creation of academic culture. support and poor-quality supervision,with senior D.The issues early-career researchers face. researchers rarely trained in mentorship () 3.Which of the following best describes the author's Furthermore,PhD candidates are inadequately opinion on PhD training? prepared for the cross-disciplinary working and large A.Disappointed. B.Satisfied. teams that characterize cutting-edge science today. C.Indifferent. D.Enthusiastic. This is especially true for careers outside academic 4.What does the author mainly intend to express in research,where the overwhelming majority of PhD the last paragraph? candidates will be heading. A.PhD education is developing gradually. It is not all bad.Universities in a small number B.The reforms in PhD training admit of no delay. of high-income countries have reformed,or are C.The number of PhDs awarded has increased in reforming,PhD assessment.But in most places,and India and the US. especially in low-and middle-income countries,a D.The demand for researchers'meeting society's candidate's work is still evaluated using a single- expectations is pressing authored paper.In many countries,candidates must B publish in a journal before they get a PhD, (2024·广东省广州市高三一模)There'sa something that critics say could fuel profitable classic short story in which a young man travels publishing. years ahead and meets his future self.Narratives like 375 课时检测训练·英语·WY this have always been related to science fiction.But C.Writing letters to one's future self is impractical. what if you could meet your future self? D.People find it hard to connect with their distant I'm a psychologist and professor.My research selves. over the past 15 years isn't far from this theme.I've 6.What does the underlined phrase "a far cry from" largely focused on how people think about and relate mean in paragraph 3? to their future selves,and explored the reasons why A.contradictory to we have such a hard time making long-term B.very different from decisions.In my research,I've learnt that we often C.not as convenient as imagine our future selves like strangers,which can D.less popular than impede us in making long-term choices.One way to 7.Which question would the author most likely ask bridge the emotional gap is to think of future selves his future self? in more concrete and vivid ways,like writing letters A.Why hasn't my hard work ever paid off? to and from one's future self,which can strengthen B.What can AI do to help people become better the connection between current and future selves. persons？ Admittedly,having people engage in an C.If given the chance,what would you have done imagined conversation is a far cry from actually differently? meeting one's future self.But it's believed that far D.How can I succeed without going through all richer interactions may happen in the near future the difficulties in life? through artificial intelligence (AI).It wouldn't be 8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the predicting exactly what choices you'd make.It'd be text? more about showing your potential,based on the A.Time travel:What if you met your future self? lives of people similar to you:not just one possible B.My research:How do people view their future life for you,but rather,the most possible life path selves? for you.Such interactions could offer valuable C.Emotional gap:Why can't we talk with our insights into our potential future selves. future selves? So,to return to my original question:if you D.Artificial intelligence;Is it possible to meet could time-travel to meet your future self,what aspects of your life would you want to know more your future self? Ⅱ.完形填空 about?I realized,through thorough reflections,that the most powerful questions would be ones that (2024·辽宁省沈阳市高三三模)A40-year-old helped me make better choices today-questions man in China found his calling-teaching quantum exploring personal growth,regrets and unfulfilled mechanics(量子力学)on social media--after being actions. unemployed for more than 20 years.Li Wei,from Actually,you don't need to wait for time travel Qinghai Province in northwestern China,became or advanced AI for answers that you can act on. 1 for teaching science in an easy-to-understand Through my research,I've learnt that simply taking way on his social media account. a bit of time to picture this meeting can help you Such is his popularity,he has 2 1.8 million make better choices now.All you need is a little followers."I don't like 3 people,"Li said.He imagination,and the willingness to put yourself in 4 a bachelor's degree in law 20 years ago,but he the shoes of a person you currently treat as a did not find 5 in that field because of his stranger. personality."I suffered a great failure,"he said.The 5.Why is it difficult for people to make long-term turning point in his 6 came two years ago when decisions according to the author? he7 his friend in the photovoltaic(光伏电池的) A.Technology for time travel is not available. business and was 8 to find that lots of people B.Strangers cannot help with decision-making. have no knowledge of the technology. 课时检测训练·英语·WY 376 Photovoltaic 9 a special electrical system 6.A.game B.career that produces energy from a 10 and C.relationship D.growth inexhaustible source,usually the sun.With a strong 7.A.left B.saved 11 to help people understand,Li came up with C.joined D.believed the idea of creating clips to teach science using 8.A.anxious B.horrified simple everyday words 12 of terms.As he C.surprised D.eager created more teaching videos,he began to realize he 9.A.results in B.responds to was good at it and 13 his subjects to include C.looks for D.refers to quantum mechanics and life sciences. 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She knew that attending university was her dream,but the reality of it was much more daunting. The letter promised a scholarship, but the cost of living and books and other expenses still loomed large.Amy knew that even with the scholarship,she would still need to work to support herself and her siblings.She felt the weight of responsibility on her shoulders.How could she leave her siblings behind,especially her grandmother Helen,who needed constant care? Amy's heart was torn between her dreams and her responsibilities. She sat on her bed,holding the letter tightly,tears streaming down her face.She didn't know what to do. 答案 attractions 8.解析 考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 为 southern China,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语， 用关系副词where引导。故填where。 答案 where 9.解析 考查形容词。空处作定语修饰名词lakes,表示结冰 的湖泊，用形容词 frozen。故填frozen。 答案 frozen 10.解析 考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰名词fun, fun和bring构成被动关系，bring用过去分词形式。故填 brought。 答案 brought 写作规范练(六) The next afternoon,Amy spotted the wrinkled letter she threw into the dustbin on the table when arriving home. She couldn't believe she had done that.She had worked so hard for this opportunity,and now she was considering giving it up. Amy sat down and slowly unfolded the letter,reading it again. She knew that this was a once-in-a-lifetime chance,and she didn't want to let it slip away.She had to find a way to balance her responsibilities and her dreams.Amy made a decision. She would go to university, but she would find a way to work remotely or part-time so she could support her family. She would also find people to help care for her grandmother.Amy knew it would be challenging,but she was ready to face it.She had the strength and determination to make her dreams a reality. 第一节 One possible version: 课时检测训练37 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards Guardian of Welcoming-Guest Pine Wanted I.阅读理解 Intending to better guarantee the daily growth of the Welcoming-Guest Pine,Mount Huangshan Nature Reserve of Anhui Province needs to employ a guardian. A The fundamental responsibility for the job is to make sure that nothing harms the tree. Additionally,applicants are expected to check the pine tree more than 3 times a day and take notes recording your observations. Preference will be given to those who are careful,diligent and responsible.What's more,anyone with previous experience is highly welcome. [语篇导读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章指出虽然领导人普遍 认为科学对于国家至关重要，但是目前的博士培养体系存在诸 多挑战和困境，主要问题包括学生生活津贴不足导致的生活成 本危机、对早期职业研究人员持续缺乏支持和低质量监督、博 士候选人对跨学科工作和大型团队准备不足等。 We can provide you with accommodation,meals and a free medical check.Salary is negotiable. Please contact Miss Wang before 30 July Inquiries are encouraged but visits declined. Mount Huangshan Nature Reserve 1.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“These days there's barely a world leader who doesn't talk up science. For example,the India's Prime Minister was the main performer at the annual Indian Science Congress,held in Nagpur,where he encouraged the nation's researchers to do the science needed to make India self-reliant."可知，本段首先提出世界 领导人几乎都会谈论科学，强调其重要性，然后提到印度总 理，作为例子来体现领导人对科研的重视。故选C。 第二节 写作思路： [故事梗概]18岁的艾米·沃尔德鲁普父母在一次事故中丧 生了，把艾米和她的兄弟姐妹留给了在轮椅上度过了半生的奶 奶海伦。生活的重担落在了艾米的肩上，这对一个女孩来说太 沉重了。艾米渴望去上大学，但是担心家里无法维系生计。 2.D 解析 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介 绍了世界范围内的博士培养陷入的困境，这些早期职业研究 人员面临着生活成本危机、缺乏支持、监督低质量等问题。 故选D。 3.A 解析 观点态度题。根据第二段“And it won't be until there is fundamental reform to the gateway to a research ·463· ·英语·WY 高考一轮总复习!英语! !" (0*22* ( [/X #*0+&+& : " +1 ‰ Š Í * G, @%4,8* 0&5 $#/2* 1 )9-+(0#+$&, /082 3*2 F )2&#- . *2 1 $*#25 ) [/X #*0+&+& : '$*-5'+52/0,922&+&#*$)9-23$*,$62#+62" + J‰ÎÍ * Y)*#/2*6$*2 ) [/X(0&5+50#2,0*2+&052 F )0#2- .1 *2 1 0*253$* #/2 (*$,,O5+,(+ 1 -+&0* . '$*%+& : 0&5 -0* : 2 #206, #/0# (/0*0(#2*+R2()##+& : O25 : 2,(+2&(2#$50 . 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'$*%250,06$52$3 ,$(+0-/0*6$& . /+ ê8yefVWU[ ) yÜx<kE ) Ãñ ¶ÍÙê89qJ66Ö}‰Z)F?òÃÈØ<J9 I³¼ ) d–}±RST 0 GÑ 4 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0 - %'% - 5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“I've largely focused on how people think about and relate to their future selves,and explored the reasons why we have such a hard time making long-term decisions.In my research,I've learnt that we often imagine our future selves like strangers,which can impede us in making long-term choices."可知，人们很难做出长期的决 定因为人们发现很难与遥远的自己联系起来。故选D。 6.B 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段“In my research,I've learnt that we often imagine our future selves like strangers, which can impede us in making long-term choices."以及第 三段“having people engage in an imagined conversation” “actually meeting one's future self”可知，人们发现很难与遥 远的自己联系起来，即让人们参与想象中的对话与真正见到 未来的自己是非常不同的情况。故选B。 7.C 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I realized, through thorough reflections,that the most powerful questions would be ones that helped me make better choices today —questions exploring personal growth,regrets and unfulfilled actions."可知，作者最有可能问未来的自己：如果 有机会，你会做些什么不同的事?故选C。 8.A 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段“There's a classic short story in which a young man travels years ahead and meets his future self.Narratives like this have always been related to science fiction. But what if you could meet your future self?”结合文章主要内容可知，A选项“时间旅行：如 果你遇到了未来的自己该怎么办?”最符合文章标题。故 选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [语篇导读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述的是中国一 名40岁的男子李巍在失业20多年后找到了自己的使命— 在社交媒体上教授量子力学。 1.D 解析 根据后文“Such is his popularity”可知，李巍在社 交媒体上变得受欢迎。故选D。 2.A 解析 根据“1.8 million followers”可知，他已经积累了 180万粉丝。故选A。 3.C 解析 根据后文“in that field because of his personality” 可知，李巍因为性格原因没有找到工作，推测他不喜欢和人 打交道。故选C。 career:PhD training.”、第三段“As Nature and other4.B 解析 根据“a bachelor's degree in law 20 years ago”可 publications have frequently reported,PhD training worldwide has been in trouble for some time.”和第四段 “Furthermore,PhD candidates are inadequately prepared for the cross-disciplinary working and large teams that characterize cutting-edge science today.”可知，作者认为博 士培养面临着困境，候选人没有为未来的工作做好充分准 备，该培养需要进行根本性改革。由此可知，作者对博士培 养很失望。故选A。 知，他20年前获得了法学学士学位。故选B。 5.A 解析 根据上文“after being unemployed for more than 20 years"可知，由于他的个性，他没有在那个领域找到工作。 故选A。 6.B 解析 根据上文“after being unemployed for more than 20 years"可知，他由于个性的原因，职业遭遇了失败，而职业 生涯的转折点出现在两年前。故选B。 4.B 解析 写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为攻读 博士学位的人数的上升加剧了博士培养体系的压力，这种体 系需要做出改变才能满足社会的期望。由此可知，作者想表 达博士培养改革刻不容缓。故选B。 7.C 解析 根据“his friend in the photovoltaic business”可 知，他加入了朋友的光伏行业。故选C。 8.C 解析 根据“to find that lots of people have no knowledge of the technology”可知，他惊讶地发现很多人对 这项技术一无所知。故选C。 B 9.D 解析 “a special electrical system”是解释光伏发电。故 [语篇导读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们很难 做出长期的决定，因为人们发现很难与遥远的自己联系起来， 指出让人们参与想象中的对话与真正见到未来的自己相去甚 远。建议人们花一点时间想象一下这次会面，就能有助于现在 做出更好的选择。 选D。 10.D 解析 根据“and inexhaustible source,usually the sun” 可知，太阳能是可再生能源。故选D。 11.A 解析 根据“to help people understand”可知，他渴望帮 助人们了解这个行业。故选A。 12.B 解析 根据“using simple everyday words”可知，李巍想 出了用简单的日常词汇，即没有术语，制作科学视频的想 法。短语 free of表示“没有⋯⋯的”。故选B。 13.B 解析 根据“he began to realize he was good at it and” 可知，他开始意识到自己很擅长，并扩大了科目范围。故 选B。 14.D 解析 呼应上文“A 40-year-old man in China found his calling",指他最终还是找到了自己的使命。故选D。 15.A 解析 根据“to do what we enjoy”可知，做我们喜欢的 事永远不会太晚。故选A。 课时检测训练38 选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 Lessons in life I.阅读理解 A [语篇导读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人 类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的 人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 1.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll(1984)made the interesting claim that humans'essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm. In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them."可知，Droll 认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们 造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同 时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。 2.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段所举例子上文 “Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions."可知，没有爱，我们与他 人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互 动；“For example,how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐 明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐 或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。 · 语·WY · 464·