12专题十二 时态和语态-【智乐星中考·中考备战】2025年中考英语讲练本（日照专版）

1 2 时态和语态 专题十二　 3 目 录 专题要点明晰 考点分类讲练 专题语篇精练 4 英语中不同时间发生的动作或所处的状态要用动词的不同形式即不同的时态来表达。 英语动词有两种语态, 即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 5 类别 意义 例词 举例 一般现在时 ①经常或习惯性的动作或状态 ②客观事实或普遍真理 work/works I often run in the morning. The sun rises in the east. 一般过去时 过去某个时间或者某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态, 也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作, 常和表示过去的时间状语连用 worked He got up at 6: 30 yesterday. 6 类别 意义 例词 举例 一般将来时 将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态, 也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用 will/shall work We will come to see you next week. 现在进行时 现在正在进行或发生的动作 am/is/are+working He is watching TV now. 7 类别 意义 例词 举例 过去进行时 在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示之外, 一般用时间状语来表示 was/were+working —What were you doing at eight last night? —I was taking a shower. 8 类别 意义 例词 举例 现在完成时 ①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态, 和表示延续的时间状语连用 have/has+worked —Have you had your lunch yet? —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (我现在不饿了)I’ve been at this school for over two years. 被动语态 主语为动作的承受者, 谓语的形式为被动语态 be done The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. 9 课标要求掌握: 6个常见时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时)和被动语态。 中考高频考点: 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时和情态动词的被动语态等。 10 考点1　一般现在时 谓语形式 ①be(am/is/are) ②do(动词原形) ③does(动词第三人称单数形式) 常连用的时间状语 always, usually, often, never等频度副词, on Sunday, on weekends, in the morning, every day/week/month/year, once a week, twice a month等 11 主要用法 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态He usually gets up at six in the morning. 他通常早上6点起床。I am from Beijing. 我来自北京。 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③主将从现: 若一个复合句含有由when, after, before, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if, unless, as long as, once等引导的条件状语从句, 主句若用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来I will tell her the good news when she comes back. 她回来的时候我会告诉她这个好消息。If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨, 我们就待在家里。 ④表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作, 用一般现在时表示将来, 但仅限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive等The train leaves at 5: 00 tomorrow morning. 火车明早5点离开。 12 当主语为第三人称单数时, 谓语动词有下列几种变化形式: 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加-s run→runs　like→likes　work→works 以o, s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词加-es go→goes　pass→passes　 wash→washes　fix→fixes watch→watches 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 变y为i再加-es study→studies carry→carries 不规则变化 have→has 13 ▶ 考点专练 1. (2024宿迁改编)To make our hometown more beautiful, we 　　　　(plant) many trees and flowers every year. 2. (2024北京改编)A lot of people in China 　　　　(travel) by high-speed train every year. 3. (2024扬州改编)As we all know, the Yangtze River 　　　 　(know) as the “mother river” of the Chinese nation. 4. (2024白银、平凉、武威改编)Linda prefers musicians who 　　　　(play) different kinds of music. plant travel is known play 14 5. (2024河北改编)Jenny is an early bird. She 　　　　(get) up at 6: 00 in the morning. 6. (2024兰州)I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim 　　　　(do). 7. (2024德阳改编)Lin Tao 　　　　(brush) his teeth and then has breakfast before going to school. 8. (2024包头)—What time does John usually have breakfast on school days? —He usually 　　　　(have) breakfast at 7 o’clock. gets does brushes has 15 考点2　一般过去时 谓语形式 ①be(was/were) ②did(动词过去式) 常连用的时间状语 yesterday, ago, last night/week/month, just now, in the past, in+过去的年份, long long ago, once upon a time等 主要用法 ①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态I bought a new bike. 我买了一辆新自行车。 ②表示过去经常性或反复发生的动作, 常与always, often等频度副词连用He always went to school by bike last year. 去年他总是骑自行车去上学。 ③在since引导的时间状语从句中, 从句用一般过去时She has lived here since she was born. 自从出生她就生活在这里。 16 英语中动词过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。动词过去式的构成如下: 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加-ed work→worked watch→watched 以不发音的e结尾的动词, 去e加-ed live→lived love→loved 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词, 变y为i再加-ed study→studied hurry→hurried 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写这个辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 不规则变化 go→went buy→bought 17 ▶ 考点专练 1. (2024北京改编)—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I 　　　　(go) to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. 2. (2024西藏改编)He 　　　 　(not have) breakfast because he woke up late this morning. 3. (2024包头)—How was your interview going? —Great. I was quite nervous at the beginning, but I 　　　　(keep) my cool and completed the interview smoothly. went didn’t have kept 18 4. (2024扬州)Elena 　　　　(drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out the window. 5. (2024日照)Tina c　　　　 the last bus and got home safe and sound. 6. (2024乐山)Alex w　　　　 first prize in the city’s invention competition for middle school students last month. dropped aught on 19 考点3　一般将来时 谓语形式 ①be(am/is/are)+going to+动词原形 ②will/shall+动词原形 常连用的时间状语 tonight, tomorrow, soon, next week/month, in the future, in a week, in+将来的年份, in+一段时间等 主要用法 ①be going to+动词原形, 表示计划、打算做某事, 指已决定的、很可能发生的事, 或有某种迹象表明要发生的事I’m going to see the Peking opera this evening. 今晚我要去看京剧。 ②表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态We’ll come to see you next week. 我们下星期来看你。 ③“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构, 表示即将发生的动作, 一般不能与具体的时间状语连用Be quiet! The movie is about to start. 安静! 电影马上开始。 ④表示某种必然的趋势Fish will not live without water. 没有水, 鱼就无法生存。 20 ▶ 考点专练 1. (2024天津改编)—Jane and I 　　　 　(have) a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? —Sure. See you then. 2. (2024河北改编)I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I 　　　 　(order) later. 3. (2024白银、平凉、武威改编)—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There 　　 　　(be) heavy rain this afternoon. —Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him. 4. (2024济宁)I’m going to c　　　　 a meal for Dad on Father’s Day. 5. (2024兰州)I wonder if they’ll 　　　　(have) the races again next year. 6. (2024无锡)Some people believe robots 　　　　 (take) most jobs away from humans in the future. are going to have will order will be ook have will take 21 考点4　现在进行时 谓语形式 am/is/are+doing 常连用的时间状语 now, at the moment, these days, right now等 主要用法 ①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作He is watching TV now. 他现在正在看电视。 ②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作, 常用的时间状语有“this/these+表示一段时间的名词”We are working on a farm these days. 这些天我们在农场工作。 22 动词-ing形式的构成: 变化规则 例词 一般情况直接加-ing go→going　ask→asking 以不发音的e结尾的动词, 去e加-ing write→writing make→making 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词, 双写这个辅音字母再加-ing get→getting run→running begin→beginning 23 ▶ 考点专练 1. (2024乐山改编)—Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please? —Wait a minute, please. She 　　　　 (cook) in the kitchen now. 2. (2024广西改编)Listen! The birds 　　 　　(sing) in the tree now. 3. (2024白银、平凉、武威改编)Tom 　　 　　(walk) the dog at the moment. 4. (2024江西改编)—Where is Helen? —I’m not sure. Maybe she 　　　 　(have) her baseball lesson. 5. (2024长春改编)Look! The students 　　 　　(have) an art class in the park. 6. (2024贵州)越来越多的人正在使用AI来帮助他们工作。 More and more people 　　　　　 AI to help them with their work. is cooking are singing is walking is having are having are using 24 考点5　过去进行时 谓语形式 was/were+doing 常连用的时间状语 at that time, at this time yesterday, at 1: 00 last night, at that moment, then等 主要用法 ①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作I was taking a shower at eight last night. 昨天晚上八点我在洗澡。 ②表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作We were watching TV from seven to eight last night. 昨天晚上七点到八点我们在看电视。 ③常和always等频度副词连用, 表示过去频繁发生的动作, 此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩 25 主要用法 He was always complaining about everything. 他总是抱怨一切。 ④过去进行时在when或while引导的时间状语从句中的运用: a. 在when引导的时间状语从句中, 从句用一般过去时, 主句用过去进行时, 表示一个动作发生时, 另一个动作正在进行He was sleeping when the rainstorm came. 暴风雨来临时他正在睡觉。b. 在while引导的时间状语从句中, 主句与从句均用过去进行时, 表示两个动作在过去某一时刻同时进行, while意为“当……的时候;同时”Linda was reading while her mother was watching TV. 琳达正在阅读, 而她的妈妈正在看电视。 26 ▶ 考点专练 1. (2024福建改编)When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he 　　　 　(help) an old man cross the road. 2. (2024黑龙江龙东地区改编)While we 　　　 　(sing) an English song, some visitors came into our classroom. 3. (2024无锡改编)Hey, John! What’s up? I 　　 　　(take) a shower when you called. was helping were singing was taking 27 4. (2024云南改编)—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I 　　　 　(practice) singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. 5. (2024遂宁改编)—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? —I 　　　 　 (fix) up the bicycle with my sister. 6. (2024通辽)他问我, 当他进来时我是否正在读小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 He asked me if I 　　　　　　　　the novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer when he came in. was practicing was fixing was reading 28 考点6　现在完成时 谓语形式 have/has+done(动词的过去分词) 常连用的时间状语 already, yet, before, just, ever, never, so far, recently, in the past/last+时间段, since+时间点, for+时间段等 主要用法 ①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes, I have. I’ve had it. 是的。我吃过了。(现在不饿) —Have you read this book yet? 你读过这本书了吗? —No, I haven’t. 不, 我没有。(不了解该书) ②表示从过去开始延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态, 也许还要持续下去, 可以和表示延续的时间状语连用They have lived here since 2000. 他们自2000年以来一直住在这里。 29 　如果动词是非延续性动词, 在现在完成时中要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。非延续性动词→延续性动词的常见转化见下表: 非延续性动词/短语 延续性动词/短语 die be dead marry be married begin/start be on buy have leave be away open be open borrow/lend keep join be in/a member of arrive in/at/reach/get to be in catch a cold have a cold come back be back fall/become asleep/ill be asleep/ill 30 ▶ 考点专练 1. (2024连云港改编)As a traditional Chinese martial art(武术), taijiquan 　　　 　(spread) to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. 2. (2024安徽改编)—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I 　　　 　(leave) mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. 3. (2024河北改编)Alex 　　 　　(study) tea culture since he came to China in 2010. 4. (2024临夏)自从我上次遇到我的小学同学, 已经有三年了。 It 　　　　　　three years since I last met my primary school classmates. 5. (2024通辽)到目前为止, 中国在航天科技领域已经取得了巨大进步。 So far, China has 　　　　great 　　　　in the field of space technology. has spread have left has studied has been made progress 31 考点7　被动语态 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done This machine is made in China. 这台机器是中国制造的。 一般过去时 was/were+done The windows in our classroom were broken yesterday. 昨天我们教室的窗户被打破了。 32 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般将来时 will/shall+be+done I think the desks will be repaired soon. 我想这些课桌很快会被修好。 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done The bridge is being built now. 这座桥正在修建中。 过去进行时 was/were+being+done At that time, many trees were being planted. 那个时候正在种植很多树。 现在完成时 have/has+been+done The work has been finished already. 这项工作已经完成了。 33 【特别提醒】 含有情态动词的被动语态结构: 情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+done The room must be cleaned today. 今天必须打扫房间。 二、主动语态变被动语态 34 三、特殊情况下的被动语态 1. 主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice等)和使役动词(如make, let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 变为被动语态时, 要把不定式符号to还原。 hear/see sb. do sth. →sb. be heard/seen to do sth. make sb. do sth. →sb. be made to do sth. 2. 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时, 既可以将间接宾语转化成主语, 也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语, 则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语, 则保留间接宾语且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 She gave me a book. →I was given a book by her. →A book was given to me by her. 35 3. 动词短语变被动语态时不要拆开, 要保持完整。 He took care of his brother yesterday. →His brother was taken care of (by him) yesterday. 4. 主动结构表示被动意义的情况。 (1)表示“发生”的happen和take place无被动结构。 Earthquakes always happen suddenly. 地震总是突然发生。 (2)look, sound, taste, smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。 Mooncakes taste very delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。 36 (3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。 Your car needs washing. =Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车需要清洗了。 四、被动语态的用法 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 37 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者。 Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station. 加油站里不允许吸烟。 3. 需要强调和突出动作的承受者。 The new machine was invented by a young worker. 这台新机器是一个年轻的工人发明的。 4. 句子的主语是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 38 ▶ 考点专练 1. (2024无锡)This stone bridge 　　 　　(build) over 800 years ago. 2. (2024包头)—How can I become a successful person? —Well, you should remember that success is never 　　　　(achieve) by luck. 3. (2024白银、平凉、武威)No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can be 　　　　(solve) in the end. 4. (2024广州)下周, 我校将在运动日举行各种趣味运动。迈克和汤姆将参加“二人三足”赛跑。 A lot of fun games 　　　　　　　　　on the Sports Day in our school next week. Mike and Tom will take part in the “three-legged” race. was built achieved solved will be held 39 语法填空(阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式) A Hi Alice, How are you? I 1. 　　　　(want) to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never 2. 　　　　(be) there before, so I was excited! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I 3.__________ 　　　　(say), “We are going on an unusual experience! ” want been said 40 When we arrived, we 4. 　　　　(start) to explore(探索). The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects to touch. The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different planets with a quiz(知识竞赛) at the end. The winner 5. 　　　　(have) a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s exciting, isn’t it? The second room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You 6. 　　　 　 (touch) an astronaut’s spacesuit(宇航服). It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it 7. 　 　　　(make), either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. 8. 　　　　(do) you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat? I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags. started has can touch was made Did 41 We 9. 　　　 　 (look) at the oven from the spaceship when my sister told me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza(比萨饼) in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we were eating a pizza, they were baking (烘焙) biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some for you—you 10. 　　 　　(love) them! They look like rockets and taste like honey! After lunch, we explored more of the museum and stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left! Have you ever been to a museum? See you soon! Helen were looking will love 42 B 　　Now, primary students learn cooking at school. It 1.___ ____ ________ 　　 　　(discuss) by teachers and parents since the lesson started. Some think that it is a useful skill for students, while others think it’s a waste of time. Some even think it’s just a show. But do they really 2. 　　　 　(understand) cooking? has been discussed understand 43 It’s been said that good cooking 3. 　　(be) an art form. The truth is that it’s much more than that. When talking about different foods from all around the world, or culture and history of dishes, students are connected to the world and learning history and culture in a new field. When learning cooking, students measure(称量) materials from time to time, or find oil and water don’t usually mix. Students are also 4. 　　　　(learn) math and science in practice. The importance of failure in making food is as much as success. Li Mei, 11, was crazy about the yummy cakes made by her father and 5. 　　　　(want) to make one on her own. But when taking her cake out, she 6. 　　　　(be) frustrated(沮丧的) to find that the cake was hard and black at the bottom. Her father told her when he was 13, he tried to make cakes, but wasted boxes of eggs. Then together with Father, Li Mei found out what 7. 　　　 　(go) wrong before and succeeded in making one. Li Mei learned in the failure of cooking, and could be braver to face failures. is learning wanted was went/had gone 44 Apart from the practical skills, cooking builds character. It also 8. 　　 　　(encourage) kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they might not have 9. 　　　　(try). Though being good to our health, carrots were hated by 12-year-old Xiao Lei. But he started to love them after he made a salad with them. By cooking, students put down their phones and work together with family members in the kitchen. By cooking, students form the habit of doing labor work. As a part of labor education, cooking is a way to teach kids vital 21st century skills, such as creativity, teamwork and so on. If these skills 10. 　 　 　 　(not teach) to today’s students, they might hardly survive in the future. encourages tried aren’t taught 45 本课件由我公司研发制作，拥有完整版权，为教师用书配套增值产品。仅供教师个人授课使用，切勿用于商业用途，未授权擅自用作商业用途者，一经发现，我公司将追究侵权者的法律责任！ 版权声明 46 $$