04.Unit 1 Friendship(主题阅读)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024)

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 1 Friendship主题阅读 必备知识清单 英语阅读中的友谊主题 一、主题内涵：友谊的本质与价值 友谊，作为人类情感领域中极为珍贵的一种纽带，其影响力不容小觑。它具有一种强大的跨越性，能够毫无阻碍地超越年龄的差距、文化的差异以及地域的限制。从根本上来说，友谊是以信任、理解与支持这三大要素作为稳固基石而构建起来的。 真正意义上的友谊，绝非仅仅是在欢乐时刻共同欢笑的陪伴而已，它更体现在当一方身处困境时，另一方始终不离不弃的坚守。古希腊伟大的哲学家亚里士多德就曾留下这样一句经典之言：“挚友如异体同心”，此话语深刻地强调了友谊其实是灵魂层面的一种强烈共鸣。 在英语阅读材料里，友谊这一主题常常紧密围绕 “忠诚”“分享”“成长” 这几个关键方面来展开叙述。以经典文学作品为例，在《哈利・波特》这部风靡全球的作品中，哈利与罗恩之间那坚如磐石的生死之交，淋漓尽致地展现了友谊在面对重重困难时的坚韧与力量；而在《夏洛的网》中，动物们之间那种无私的互助场景，同样生动地诠释了友谊如何为生命赋予了独特的意义与强大的力量，让读者深刻体会到友谊的伟大价值。 二、核心词汇 1. 名词 friendship（n. 友谊）：Friendship is a two-way process that requires effort from both sides.（友谊是需要双方共同努力的双向过程。） trust（n. 信任）：Trust is the foundation of any lasting friendship.（信任是任何长久友谊的基石。） loyalty（n. 忠诚）：Their loyalty to each other was tested during the crisis.（危机中他们对彼此的忠诚经受住了考验。） 2. 动词 support（v. 支持）：A true friend will always support you, even when you make mistakes.（真正的朋友即使在你犯错时也会支持你。） share（v. 分享）：Friends often share their joys and sorrows with each other.（朋友常彼此分享喜怒哀乐。） cherish（v. 珍惜）：We should cherish the friendships we have, as they are irreplaceable.（我们应珍惜拥有的友谊，因其无可替代。） 3. 形容词 reliable（adj. 可靠的）：A reliable friend is someone you can count on in times of need.（可靠的朋友是你在困境中可以依靠的人。） caring（adj. 体贴的）：She is a caring friend who always listens to my problems.（她是个体贴的朋友，总是倾听我的烦恼。） honest（adj. 诚实的）：Honest communication is essential for resolving conflicts in friendships.（诚实的沟通对解决友谊中的矛盾至关重要。） 三、常见句式结构 1. 强调句（It is... that...） 结构：此句式常用于着重强调友谊这一主题中所包含的关键要素，像信任、陪伴这类在构建和维系友谊过程中起着至关重要作用的元素。通过这种结构，能够将这些关键要素从众多信息中突显出来，使读者的注意力高度聚焦于此。 [例句分析] It is mutual understanding that strengthens the bond of friendship.（正是相互理解巩固了友谊的纽带。）此句中，运用强调句结构，将“mutual understanding（相互理解）”这一核心要素置于强调位置，清晰地表明在友谊的众多构成因素里，相互理解对于强化友谊纽带具有不可或缺的作用。 作用：在文章写作过程中，该句式的主要作用是突出核心观点。当作者想要着重表达某一观点，让其在整个论述中脱颖而出时，使用强调句能够显著增强文章的说服力。通过这种突出重点的方式，能更有效地引导读者关注作者所强调的关键内容，从而加深对文章核心观点的理解与认同。 2. 比喻句（Friends are like...） 结构：运用比喻这一修辞手法，以生动且形象的方式去描述友谊所具备的独特特点。通过选取恰当的喻体，将友谊抽象的特质转化为具体可感的形象，从而让读者能更直观地体会到友谊的内涵。 [例句分析] Friends are like stars; they brighten your life even in the darkest moments.（朋友如星辰，即使在最黑暗的时刻也能照亮你的生活。）此句将朋友比作星辰，形象地突出了朋友在人处于艰难困境，仿佛置身黑暗时，所发挥的如同星辰般照亮前路、给予希望的重要作用。 作用：通过这种形象化的表达，能够极大地加深读者对于友谊特点的理解。它将原本较为抽象的关于友谊的概念，以一种具体生动的画面呈现出来，使读者更易在脑海中构建起对友谊的认知，进而更深刻地感悟友谊的意义与价值。 3. 条件句（If...） 结构：在语言表达和思想阐述领域，条件句（If...）占据着独特且重要的位置。其结构在探讨友谊这一主题时，能够精准地剖析友谊中的条件与结果之间的紧密联系。 [例句分析] “If trust is broken, even the strongest friendship may crumble.（若信任破裂，再坚固的友谊也可能崩塌。）”此例句以简洁而有力的表述，通过设定“信任破裂”这一条件，得出“最坚固的友谊也可能崩塌”的结果。 作用：这样的表达能有效地引发读者深入思考友谊的脆弱性这一本质特征。促使读者意识到，即使看似坚不可摧的友谊，在面对信任危机等关键条件变化时，也可能不堪一击。同时，也激发读者进一步思索维护友谊的有效方法，引导读者思考如何在日常相处中悉心呵护信任，从而避免友谊走向瓦解。 4. 对比句（While...） 结构：此结构主要用于清晰地对比不同类型的友谊在发展进程与模式上的差异。它聚焦于友谊发展方式的多样性，从截然不同的角度来展现友谊在人们生活中呈现出的各种状态。 [例句分析] While some friendships blossom instantly, like a sudden burst of fireworks lighting up the night sky, others grow slowly like ancient trees, steadily adding rings of growth over time.（有些友谊如火花般瞬间绽放，恰似夜空中突然绽放的烟花照亮四周；而有些却如古树般缓慢生长，随着时间的推移稳步地增添一圈圈的年轮。） 作用：这种对比的表达方式，能够有效地通过将两种截然不同的友谊发展方式并置，从而更加鲜明地凸显出友谊所具有的丰富多样性，让人们更深刻地理解友谊在不同情境下所展现出的独特魅力与形态。 5. 定语从句（使用who/that来引导） 结构：通过使用这种特定的语法结构，能够对朋友所具备的独特品质，或者朋友做出的具体行为，进行限定性的修饰。也就是说，它可以明确指出在关于朋友的描述中，具体是哪些品质或行为在句子所表达的情境里起到关键作用。 [例句分析] A true friend is someone who stands by you during both good times and bad.（这句话的意思是，真正的朋友是那种无论处于顺境还是逆境，始终陪伴在你身旁不离不弃的人。这里通过“who stands by you during both good times and bad”这个由who引导的定语从句，精准地描绘出了真正朋友的特质。） 作用：运用定语从句，能够非常精准地刻画人物特征，让所描述的人物形象更加立体、生动。同时，它还能为句子增添丰富的层次，使整个句子的表达更加细腻、准确，不再只是简单的平铺直叙，而是在基本的表述之上，通过对人物特征的进一步阐释，让句子的含义更加丰富和深刻。 四、阅读策略 1.识别主题句：在阅读文章时，要特别留意文章开头或结尾部分所呈现的总结性语句。这些总结句往往能够提纲挈领地概括文章的核心内容，如同文章的关键指引。例如 “Friendship is the golden thread that ties all hearts together.”（友谊是联结心灵的金线。）这样的句子，简洁而有力地表达出友谊在文章所探讨范畴中的重要意义，如同给读者绘制了一幅理解文章主旨的简易地图。 2.分析情感线索：这需要从文章的词汇和句式入手。通过关注诸如 “support”（支持）“trust”（信任）这类能够直接传达情感倾向的词汇，以及强调句等特殊句式，来精准判断作者对于友谊这一主题所秉持的态度。强调句通常会突出作者想要着重表达的观点，而特定词汇则像是一个个情感信号灯，帮助读者清晰地捕捉作者的情感脉络。 五、文化拓展：东西方友谊观对比 西方：在西方文化背景下，对于友谊的观念更侧重于个体的独立与平等。这种倾向在一些英语短语中得以体现，例如 “fair-weather friend”（酒肉朋友），此短语清晰地反映出西方文化对于那种只在顺境中存在、流于表面的友谊的批判态度。这表明西方文化鼓励在友谊中保持个体的自主性，同时期望朋友之间能够建立在真诚、平等且相互尊重的基础之上。 东方：与之不同，东方文化在友谊观方面更注重集体和谐与长久陪伴。这一特点在中文成语中有着生动的展现，像 “患难与共” 这个成语，深刻地体现了在东方文化里，朋友之间共同面对困难、携手共渡难关的重要性。这种观念强调了友谊在面对生活挑战时的坚韧与不离不弃，突出了集体和谐以及长期陪伴在友谊中的价值。 核心知识回顾 有关“友谊”主题的语篇的常见结构 一、记叙文（Narrative）：友谊故事的起承转合 【结构特征】以时间或事件为线索，包含开端、发展、冲突、解决、感悟五要素，侧重情感变化和人物刻画。 【典型语篇】 Last summer, Emma moved to a new city and felt lonely. At school, she met Lily, who had a bright ponytail and a cheerful smile. They shared a seat in class and soon discovered a common love for badminton. One day, Emma lied to Lily about being sick to avoid a competition, but Lily found out the truth. Emma feared losing her friend, but Lily said, "Honesty matters more than winning." Emma apologized, and their friendship grew stronger. Now they trust each other deeply and always keep secrets. 【阅读策略】 时间标记：圈出last summer, one day, now等词，梳理事件顺序。 人物描写：通过bright ponytail, cheerful smile等外貌描写和对话（如 "Lily said..."）分析人物性格（对应课本词汇cheerful, honest）。 冲突与解决：关注矛盾点（lied about being sick）和解决方式（apologized），理解友谊中诚实（honest）和信任（trust）的重要性。 二、说明文（Expository）：友谊要素的理性阐释 【结构特征】采用总分总结构，先总述友谊的重要性，再分点说明核心要素（如信任、沟通、支持），最后总结升华。 【典型语篇】 Friendship has three key parts. First, trust is essential—friends must be trustworthy and never lie to each other. For example, if you share a secret, a good friend will keep it. Second, communication helps friends understand each other. When Ann and Tom had a fight, they talked it out and realized it was just a misunderstanding. Finally, support means being there in both happy and hard times. When Sarah was unhappy, her friend encouraged her and made her laugh with jokes. 【阅读策略】 主题句定位：首句 "Friendship has three key parts" 为全文主旨，后续分论点围绕trust, communicate（对应课本understand）, encourage 展开。 例证分析：通过 Ann 和 Tom 的冲突（fight）、Sarah 的经历（unhappy, encourage）理解抽象概念。 三、议论文（Argumentative）：友谊现象的辩证探讨 【结构特征】围绕争议话题（如线上友谊、友谊中的竞争）展开，包含论点、论据、结论，常使用对比论证或数据支撑。 【典型语篇】 Is it better to have many friends or a few close ones? Some say many friends bring more fun and activities. A survey shows that teenagers with more friends are more active in school. However, others believe close friends are more trustworthy. For instance, when facing danger, only true friends will stay and help. In my view, quality matters more than quantity—a few honest friends are better than many shallow ones. 【阅读策略】 论点识别：通过Some say..., However, others believe..., In my view区分正反观点和作者立场。 论据分析：数据（A survey shows）和事例（facing danger）分别支撑 “数量论” 和 “质量论”。 批判性思维：对比两种观点，结合课本词汇honest, trustworthy 判断作者倾向（quality > quantity）。 综合实战演练 1 “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship. To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go. When suddenly onshore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms (桃花) may be. It is not so deep, Wang Lun! As your love for me. A Time to Talk (By Robert Frost) When a friend calls to me from the road, And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around. On all the hills I haven’t hoed (锄地), And shout from where I am, what is it? No, not as there is a time to talk. I push my hoe in the ground, Blade (锄头)—end up and five feet tall, And I go up to the stone ▲ , For a friendly visit. Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison (对比). His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere (真挚的). 1．The underlined word “influence” means __________ in Chinese. A．保护 B．影响 C．同意 D．怀疑 2．What scene did Li Bai describe in the poem? A．Ships on the lake. B．Peach Blossoms. C．Wang Lun seeing him off. D．Songs sung by Wang Lun. 3．What does the underlined “it” refer to? A．The ship B．Love C．The lake of Peach Blossoms D．Li Bai 4．Which is the most suitable word for ▲ ? A．wall B．ball C．tall D．all 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The end of the friendship. B．The writers of the poems. C．The comparison of people. D．The analysis (分析) of the poems. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文介绍了两首关于友谊的诗歌。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot.”可知，此处讲述了朋友对我们的帮助和重要性，所以朋友对我们的“影响”很大，B选项符合词义。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Li Bai described the scene of his friend seeing him off.”可知，李白在诗中描述了朋友汪伦送别他的场景。故选C。 3．代词指代题。根据“However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be. It is not so deep, Wang Lun! As your love for me.”可知，不论桃花潭水有多深，都比不上汪伦对李白的爱，所以此处it指代前句提到的桃花潭。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“A Time to Talk”全诗内容可知，本首诗描述了作者在田间劳作时遇到朋友的画面；结合“go up to the stone...”和选项，stone wall“石头墙”符合全诗基调。故选A。 5．段落大意题。根据“Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories.”及全段内容可知，本段主要讲述了两首诗歌描绘的场景及表达的意义，所以本段内容是对诗歌的分析。故选D。 2 Ben, a fourteen-year-old boy, is a member of the basketball team at his school. He is crazy about basketball and is pretty good at it. However, his team lost a match (比赛) last week, which made Ben very upset. Ben thought his teammate Jim was the main reason for the loss. He was angry with Jim. So angry, in fact, that he told his best friend about it. But his best friend told everyone else what he had said. Ben didn’t know what to do. He wanted to talk to other people, but he was afraid that the same thing would happen again. At last, he decided to ask the Agony Aunt for help. He wrote a letter to Agony Aunt and soon received her reply. In the reply, Agony Aunt said that it was Ben’s friend’s loose lips (泄密) that made things worse. But Ben himself was partly to blame (责备) , too. She gave Ben some advice on how to make things better. Firstly, he should say sorry to his teammate Jim. Then, he needs to tell his friend that he is angry with him for his loose lips. At the same time, Ben should let his friend know that he wants to move on with their friendship. Moreover, Ben must remember: think first, speak later. Agony Aunt advised that if Ben feels his teammate doesn’t work hard, he should talk to his team coach (教练) and try to find a better way to solve the problem. 1．What problem does Ben have? A．Ben’s team lost, and he was angry with his teammate Jim. B．Ben’s friend told others what he said about his teammate Jim. C．Ben doesn’t know how to help his team win the game. D．Ben has no idea how to win a basketball match. 2．An Agony Aunt can ________. A．give advice on playing basketball B．tell jokes to make others happy C．give advice on personal (私人的) problems D．share interesting stories with others 3．Ben got some advice from Agony Aunt EXCEPT ________. A．he should say sorry to his teammate B．he should talk to his friend about his anger C．he should tell his friend everything D．he should discuss his worries with the team coach 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了本将自己和朋友以及队友之间的矛盾写信告知给Agony阿姨，并且收到了Agony阿姨的建议的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“But his best friend told everyone else what he had said. Ben didn’t know what to do.”可知，本的好朋友把他说的一切告诉了其他人，本不知道该怎么办，所以这是本面临的难题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“He wrote a letter to Agony Aunt and soon received her reply.”以及结合下文描述可知，Agony Aunt告诉了本该如何去做，故她能提供关于个人问题的建议。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Firstly, he should say sorry to his teammate Jim…Then, he needs to tell his friend that he is angry…Ben must remember: think first, speak later…talk to his team coach”可知，Agony Aunt给出的建议有：向他的队友吉姆道歉，他需要告诉他的朋友他因为他的泄密而感到生气，此外，如果本觉得他的队友不够努力，他应该和他的教练谈谈，并尝试找到更好的方法来解决问题，不包括选项C。故选C。 3 Something terrible happened to Han Mei at school one day. When Han Mei and her friend Li. Dan were walking down the stairs (楼梯) from the third floor, her classmate Xu Nuo accidentally (偶然地) hit her on the back. She lost her balance (平衡) and fell down the stairs. She broke her left leg and her right arm was bleeding. She had a bruise (瘀伤) on her right leg too. “Ouch! That hurt!” cried Han Mei. Her teacher Miss Gao called 120 right away. Han Mei had to stay in hospital for a week. In the ward (病房), she met Wang Hong, who broke her arm in a car accident. They talked for long hours. They left hospital on the same day. The doctor told Han Mei that she had to stay at home for a month so that her leg could get well again. Han Mei could not go to school. She was sad. Wang Hong went to visit her. She told Han Mei interesting stories to make her happy. They played chess and watched films together. When Han Mei could walk again, she joined some interest classes with Wang Hong. They visited many places together too. They became best friends. “This accident caused me a lot of pain, but luckily it brought a good result (结局)—I got a best friend.” thought Han Mei. 1．What happened to Han Mei at school? A．She was hit on the head. B．She fell down on the fourth floor. C．She broke her arm in a car accident. D．She fell down the stairs and was sent to hospital. 2．Who did Han Mei meet in the hospital? A．Li Dan. B．Xu Nuo. C．Miss Gao. D．Wang Hong. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Han Mei told Wang Hong interesting stories. B．Han Mei left hospital earlier than Wang Hong. C．Han Mei went to many places with Wang Hong. D．Han Mei was sad because she missed Wang Hong. 4．The right order of the following sentences is ______. ①Wang Hong made Han Mei happy. ②Han Mei and Wang Hong became best friends. ③Han Mei and Wang Hong met and talked for long hours. A．③①② B．③②① C．①③② D．②③① 5．What does Han Mei probably learn from this experience? A．Health is the most important thing. B．A bad thing may bring a good result. C．It's interesting to go to school every day. D．Friends should watch films with each other. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了韩梅受伤后在医院遇见同样受伤的王红，两人成为好朋友的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“She broke her left leg and her right arm was bleeding. She had a bruise (瘀伤) on her right leg too.”和“Her teacher Miss Gao called 120 right away.”可知，韩梅受了伤，被送往医院。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In the ward (病房), she met Wang Hong, who broke her arm in a car accident.”可知，韩梅在医院遇到了王红，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“They visited many places together too.”可知，韩梅和王红一起去了很多地方。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“In the ward (病房), she met Wang Hong, who broke her arm in a car accident. They talked for long hours.”，“She told Han Mei interesting stories to make her happy.”和“They visited many places together too. They became best friends.”可知，她们先在病房相遇，交谈了很久，然后王红讲有趣的故事逗韩梅开心，最后二人成为了好朋友，正确顺序为③①②。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“This accident caused me a lot of pain, but luckily it brought a good result (结局)—I got a best friend.”可知，这次事故给韩梅带来了很大的痛苦，但她交到了一个好朋友。由此可推知，坏事可能带来好结果。故选B。 4 Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so. Psychologists (心理学家) from colleges did a study about how people feel about getting in touch with old friends. The study shows over 90% of the people don’t call their old friends.70% of them don’t want to call their friends first, because they worry that their old friends won’t want to hear from them or are too busy to talk with them. Some people even think getting in touch with their old friends is as hard as talking to strange people. Lara Aknin, one of the psychologists, said, “Most people are worried that they have different lifestyles and interests now. But these differences can be helpful for people to get close to each other. After sharing something new and interesting, they won’t feel embarrassed (尴尬的) at all. Instead, they know each other better.” In fact, if you get in touch with an old friend, you will be surprised to find that he or she is also looking forward to hearing from you. So, why not give your old friend a call? 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving a fact. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 2．Why don’t most people want to call their old friends first? A．Because they almost forget their old friends. B．Because they don’t want to trouble their old friends. C．Because they have nothing to say to their old friends. D．Because they don’t care about their old friends at all. 3．What can we learn from Lara Aknin’s words? A．It’s hard to get in touch with old friends. B．We can’t share our things with old friends. C．Differences may help people get close to old friends. D．Most people might have different lifestyles and interests. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．It’s important to have some good friends. B．Be brave to get in touch with your old friends. C．We should make as many new friends as possible. D．Make friends with people having the same interest. 5．Where is this passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A storybook. C．A sports newspaper. D．A science magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人们在更换学校或搬家后与老朋友保持联系的困难，以及他们对此的心理障碍。 1．细节理解题。根据“Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so.”可知，作者通过列事实开始本段的, 故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The study shows over 90% of the people don’t call their old friends.70% of them don’t want to call their friends first, because they worry that their old friends won’t want to hear from them or are too busy to talk with them.”可知，不给老朋友打电话因为他们不想麻烦他们，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Lara Aknin, one of the psychologists, said, ‘Most people are worried that they have different lifestyles and interests now. But these differences can be helpful for people to get close to each other. After sharing something new and interesting, they won’t feel embarrassed at all. Instead, they know each other better.’”可知，通过他的话, 我们可以知道差异可以帮助人们亲近老朋友，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“In fact, if you get in touch with an old friend, you will be surprised to find that he or she is also looking forward to hearing from you. So, why not give your old friend a call?”可知，我们要勇敢地和老朋友联系, 故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so.”和通读全文可知，应该是出自科学书，故选D。 5 ①Do you know E-person and I-person? These two kinds of personalities (性格) are much discussed online. Even twins may be quite different from each other, such as personalities, hobbies, friends and etc. To learn more about that, let’s hear from the following twins. ②Andy, an Extrovert I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. Ken and I head to the beach on Saturdays to surf, and on Sundays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. At school, Larry is my best friend. I don’t spend much time with him over the weekends because he likes to play video games at home just by himself. I’m cool with it because I can visit other friends. I value (重视)  his friendship a lot because Larry cares about me and often gives great advice to my problems. ③Anna, an Introvert I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on sofa by myself with a great book in hand. However, I do also need time with my two best friends, Sue and Tina. Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy to my quiet days. Tina is more like me, and she understands me better than I do. We often take a long walk to share our feelings. I love both my friends and need their different personalities to make my life colorful. ④Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth. From Andy and Anna, introverts and extroverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship! 1．What does Andy do on Saturdays with Ken? A．Surf on the beach. B．Ride the bikes. C．Play the video games. D．Take a long walk. 2．Which of the following words can best describe Sue? A．Hard-working. B．Understanding. C．Good-looking. D．Outgoing. 3．The idiom “from the horse’s mouth” means “to hear from someone _________”. A．who saw it B．who experienced it C．who fed it D．who promised it 4．What may be the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Friends in need are friends indeed. B．Friends bring out the best in each other. C．Friends are not necessary to be the same. D．Friends reach for your hands and touch your hearts. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍两个性格迥异的双胞胎Andy和Anna的故事，展示了内向者和外向者之间的友谊以及他们对不同性格朋友的需求，从而说明了朋友之间不必完全相同，可以有不同的性格和兴趣爱好。 1．细节理解题。根据“Ken and I head to the beach on Saturdays to surf”可知，Andy和Ken在周六会去海边冲浪。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy to my quiet days”可知，Sue充满活力，她的笑话给作者平静的生活带来了很多欢乐，因此可以用outgoing“外向的”来形容她。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth”可以推断出，该成语的意思是“从当事人那里听到的”，即“听到经历过这件事的人的说法”。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章的结构应该是“引言-两个例子-结论”。文章开头介绍了E-person和I-person这两种性格，并引出下文要讲述的两个双胞胎的例子；接着分别讲述了Andy和Anna的故事，展示了他们不同的性格和交友方式；最后得出结论，即内向者和外向者可以成为朋友，也需要有不同性格的朋友。因此，文章的结构应该是总分总。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“From Andy and Anna, introverts and extroverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities-”可知，从Andy和Anna的例子中我们可以学到，内向者和外向者可以成为朋友，也需要有不同性格的朋友，即朋友不必完全相同。故选C。 6 Everyone needs friends. How do you have real friendship and keep it? The American writer Sally Seaman tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed (种子) and take care of it to make it grow. What makes a good friend? It’s not because he or she has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient (有耐心的). For example, if you are in a bad mood (情绪), a good friend should listen to you and do his or her best to help you. But things can’t always be happy. Even the best friends have fights (争吵). What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You’d better talk to him or her. There are three steps (步) to be friends again: say sorry to him or her; tell him or her how you are feeling; tell him or her why you did this or that. Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life. 1．Sally wants to tell students the ways to ________. A．find friends B．plant trees C．get happy D．keep fit 2．A good friend should ________. A．be kind and patient B．has money C．be lovely and cool D．has good looks 3．The underlined word “it” refers to “ ________ ”. A．a friend B．friendship C．the seed D．a fight 4．There are ________ steps to be good friends again after a fight. A．one B．two C．three D．four 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Teenagers and Friendship. B．Everyone Needs Friends. C．The Good Friends around You. D．Finding and Keeping Friendship. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章以如何拥有真正的友谊并保持它为主题，通过美国作家Sally Seaman的观点，阐述了找到朋友的方法、好朋友的特质以及如何处理朋友间的争吵等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sally Seaman tells young students some smart ways to find friends.”可知，Sally想告诉学生们如何找到朋友。故选A。 2． 细节理解题。根据第三段“A good friend should be kind and patient (有耐心的).”可知，一个好朋友应该是善良和有耐心的。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“You plant the seed (种子) and take care of it to make it grow.”可知，你种下种子，照顾它，让它成长。所以“it”指代的是种子。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are three steps (步) to be friends again”可知，再次成为朋友有三个步骤。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据“How do you have real friendship and keep it”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了找到真正友谊的方式及保持它的方式。故选D。 7 Susan moved to a new house with her parents in August. Soon the summer holidays were coming to the end with only four days before school started. “I’m nervous about the first day of school, Mom.” Susan said. “Why are you nervous?” asked her mom. “I don’t know any kids. I don’t want to be alone on the first day.” Susan said. The next day, Susan called her friend Fiona from her old school. She told Fiona her problem. Fiona said another girl from their school moved to the same neighborhood as Susan. “Her name is Linda. She lives on Brook Street. Isn’t that near your house?” asked Fiona. “Yes, it is two streets behind my house,” replied Susan. “I’ll give Linda your address and you two can meet up before school starts,” said Fiona. After Susan talked with Fiona, she felt relaxed. She told her mom Fiona’s friend Linda would stop by. Two days before school started, Linda came to Susan’s home. “Are you Susan?” asked Linda, “Fiona told me to come by and meet you since we will be new at the school.” “It’s good to meet someone before school starts,” said Susan. “I agree. At least we will know each other until we meet more kids,” said Linda. That night, Susan called Fiona again and thanked her for helping out. “You’re welcome, and good luck at your new school,” said Fiona. 1．Susan moved to a new house in ________. A．May B．June C．July D．August 2．Susan felt ________ after she talked with Fiona. A．relaxed B．worried C．surprised D．proud 3．How did Fiona help Susan? A．She went to the new school together with Susan. B．She asked her friend Linda to visit Susan. C．She moved to the street near Susan’s house. D．She came to Susan’s home before school started. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【解析】本文讲了苏珊搬家后担心上学交不到朋友，老友Fiona帮忙联系了新邻居Linda，两人提前见面，苏珊不再焦虑。 1．细节理解题。根据“Susan moved to a new house with her parents in August.”可知，Susan是八月搬家的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“After Susan talked with Fiona, she felt relaxed.”可知，Susan和Fiona谈话后感到放松。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据Fiona said another girl from their school moved to the same neighborhood as Susan...said Fiona.”可知，Fiona帮助Susan的方法是让她的朋友Linda去拜访Susan。故选B。 8 What would you do if your best friend and you have different ideas? At first, I didn’t know how to do when I found that my best friend Karina disagreed (不同意) with me on some things. When we first met in a summer camp, we got along so well. But then something happened at a picnic. “Did you hear about the shopping center news?” asked one of our friends Levar. “They want to cut down lots of trees to make room for a shopping center.” “That’s terrible! We have to stop that,” I said. “I disagree,” said Karina. “The shopping center would give new jobs to people in need.” “But animals would lose their homes!” I said. “I want people to have jobs, but it doesn’t mean cutting down trees.” I wished Karina could agree with me about saving the trees, but she had her reasons for believing what she did. I was so angry that I didn’t talk to her for days. Later, my mother knew it and said to me, “No two people are the same. You should respect (尊重) each other. And no matter what happens, the difference doesn’t mean losing a good friend.” After listening to my mom’s words, I said sorry to Karina and we are still good friends now. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing some numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By showing some ways. 2．According to the passage, what is the building the shopping center good for? A．Giving new jobs to people B．Saving birds and other animals. C．Giving much money to some people. D．Having places for children to have fun. 3．How did the writer feel when Karina disagreed with her? A．Bored. B．Sorry. C．Happy. D．Angry. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．We can ask our friends for help. B．Friends should be the same. C．Friends should respect each other. D．Good friends tell each other everything. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文讲述的是作者和好朋友Karina因是否要砍伐树木建造购物中心意见不同而生气，最后在妈妈的劝导下作者意识到没有两个人是完全相同的，即使是最好的朋友也会有意见相左的时候。 1．细节理解题。根据“What would you do if your best friend and you have different ideas?”可知，作者通过提问开始这篇文章。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The shopping center would give new jobs to people in need.”可知，购物中心会给人们提供新的工作。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“I was so angry that I didn’t talk to her for days.”可知，作者很生气。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“No two people are the same. You should respect (尊重) each other. And no matter what happens, the difference doesn’t mean losing a good friend.”可知，本文通过讲述作者和朋友的分歧产生，发生隔阂的事件，告诉读者“朋友之间应该互相尊重”。故选C。 9 How do you make friends? Some students are sharing their ideas with us. Adam and I are best friends, although we are quite different. We have a lot to talk every day. We play basketball together after school. We go for a picnic (野餐) at weekends. It’s always a pleasure to be with him. Tom I spend my spare time mostly with people from other countries. When I’m with them, I really get to know what they’re like and how easy they are to get along with. They help me to improve (提高) my English. Yumi I made some good friends at the gym. People there are very friendly. Talking to them and taking exercise are good ways for us to get to know each other. Anna I can make more friends on the Internet because it keeps me in touch (保持联系) with the whole world. I can get worldwide stories from my friends around the world. Peter 1．Adam is ________ friend. A．Tom’s B．Yumi’s C．Anna’s D．Peter’s 2．With the help of her friends, Yumi ________. A．takes more exercise B．learns English better C．feels happier at picnics D．knows more about the world 3．Anna made some friends ________. A．on the Internet B．in the park C．at school D．at the gym 4．What helps Peter make more friends? A．The stories. B．The sports. C．The Internet. D．The language. 5．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Tom and Adam play football together after school. B．Yumi’s English was very good before. C．Anna thinks the people at the gym are friendly. D．Peter’s friends are all from China. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了四位同学交友以及与朋友相处的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据Tom一栏中“Adam and I are best friends”可知，Adam和Tom是最好的朋友。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Yumi一栏中“They help me to improve my English.”可知，Yumi的朋友帮助Yumi提高英语，即在朋友们的帮助下，Yumi英语学得更好。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Anna一栏中“I made some good friends at the gym.”可知，Anna在健身房交了一些好朋友。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据Peter一栏中“I can make more friends on the Internet because it keeps me in touch with the whole world.”可知，Peter可以在互联网上交到更多的朋友。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据Anna一栏中“I made some good friends at the gym. People there are very friendly.”可知，Anna在健身房交了一些好朋友，Anna认为那里的人非常友好。故选C。 10 A reader wrote in to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn’t around. Here’s our advice to her—and to all kids who feel lonely at times. It’s hard when a best friend isn’t around—maybe because she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel lonely at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends. But how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, there’s always room for more friends. Start by looking around your classroom—think about which kids you’d like to play with at break. Look for chances to say “hi” to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation (表示感谢) to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break, walk over to the kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, can I play, too?” or just join in. If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. ▲ But how to be a friend? Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help—and pretty soon, you’ll have one, or two, or some more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn’t have before she left: You can introduce her to your new friends! 1．According to the writer, the kids can ________ when they feel lonely without friends around. A．try to make new friends B．ask the teachers for help C．study harder than ever D．have a talk with parents 2．The underlined word this in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A．looking for chances to greet B．developing new friendship C．offering to share something D．inviting someone to play with 3．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph 4? A．Don’t be worried if your friends are not around. B．The best way to make friends is to be a friend first. C．Sometimes your teachers will also be your good friends. D．You will have more friends if you are friendly to others. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Some children are too shy to make friends. B．There is always room for more new friends. C．Teachers are pretty good at matching friends. D．Making new friends can make you less lonely. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了给有时感到孤独的孩子的一些交新朋友的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“You may feel lonely at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends. But how do you make them?”以及接下来的建议可知，作者认为孩子们可以尝试结交新朋友来解决孤独的问题。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends.”可知，如果你感到害羞，请你的老师帮助你结交新朋友；据此可以推断，划线单词“this”是指结交新的朋友，即发展新的友谊。故答案选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But how to be a friend? Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help—and pretty soon, you’ll have one, or two, or some more new friends.”可知，本段提到了交朋友的方法，而在接下来的内容中，作者强调了要成为一个好朋友才能结交到更多的朋友；选项B“交朋友的最好方法是先成为一个朋友。”符合语境。故选B。。 4．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何结交新朋友，并强调结交新朋友可以让你不再孤单。故选D。 11 In a peaceful town surrounded by hills, there lived an eight-grader named Tom who loved adventures (冒险). Tom had a wonderful buddy who wasn’t just a home pet but his very best friend-a golden retriever (寻回犬) called Max. They first met at an animal center when Tom was seven and have been together since then. Every morning, Tom and Max-went on exciting adventures. They would walk through the woods, run after butterflies, and even help Mrs. Thompson with her garden. Max had a super sense of smell, which made it easy for them to play treasure hunts and find hidden treasures around the neighborhood. Tom always proudly told his friends about Max’s cleverness and how loyal (忠诚) he was. One day, while walking the forest, Tom slipped on a wet rock and hurt his leg. He was worried and called for help, but the trees weakened his cries. However, Max stayed right next to him and gently pulled him to a clearer area where it was easier to see. With Max showing the way, Tom slowly moved back home with difficulty. After that accident (事故), Tom stayed home from school for a week to rest and heal. During this time, Max was always with him, bringing him books, getting water, and making him feel better. Their friendship became even stronger, and Tom’s parents were very moved by how loyal Max was. As Tom grew up, he and Max were still the best friends. They went to dog shows together, where Max won awards, and watched beautiful sunsets from their favorite hill. From Max, Tom learned important life lessons about being loyal, brave, and loving someone without wanting anything back. Even now, Tom often thinks back with joy to those wonderful times with Max and is forever thankful for the great changes his furry friend made to his life. 1．What does the underlined word “slipped” mean in paragraph 3? A．Walked carefully. B．Fell down. C．Jumped over. D．Climbed across. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Tom first met Max when he was in Grade 8. B．Tom could find hidden treasures with the help of Max. C．Tom and Max’s friendship changed a lot as time went by. D．Max slowly carried Tom back home after Tom hurt his leg. 3．What is the best title for this passage? A．Tom and Max’s Adventures B．Fun Time with a Loyal Friend C．Life Filled with Adventures D．A Special and Forever Friend 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【解析】本文讲述了Tom与宠物狗Max之间的深厚友谊及其带来的影响。 1．词义猜测题。根据“One day, while walking the forest, Tom slipped on a wet rock and hurt his leg.”可知，后文提到了伤到了腿，因此可以判断，slipped表示“滑倒”，与选项B“Fell down”的意思相符。 故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Max had a super sense of smell, which made it easy for them to play treasure hunts and find hidden treasures around the neighborhood.”可知，这里提到了Max有一种超强的嗅觉，这让他们很容易玩寻宝游戏，在附近找到隐藏的宝藏，因此Tom能在Max的帮助下找到隐藏的宝藏，故选B。 3．最佳标题题。通读全文，整篇文章讲述了Tom与宠物狗Max之间的深厚友谊及其带来的影响，强调Max作为一个特殊的、永远的朋友，选项D“一个特别且永远的朋友”适合作为文章标题。故选D。 12 Ken and Anthony were childhood friends. They went to primary and high school together. They went to college in different states, and then they lost touch (失去联系) . One morning Ken was reading the newspaper with his morning coffee. Inside he saw a notice for a poetry reading (诗歌朗诵会) at a nearby bookstore. He was surprised to find that the poet looks exactly like his friend Anthony. Ken decided to see his old friend. Ken sat in the last row of the area inside the bookstore. When he met Anthony, he hardly recognize (认出) him. Anthony was almost bald (秃头) and had a little potbelly (大肚皮) . When Anthony was in high school, he was very handsome. What Anthony lost in looks was made up for in talent (才能). Anthony’s poetry was quite good. Anthony recognized Ken sitting in the back row. When the reading was over, Ken stood in line with the others waiting for Anthony to sign a copy of his book. When it was Ken’s turn, Anthony stood up and hugged his long lost friend. Anthony invited Ken to stay until he finished signing books. Ken did, and the two men had a cup of coffee at a nearby cafe. They haven’t met each other for a long time, but they found they still have many topics to talk. Both men married American women. Both men had sons in the same year. Ken and Anthony decided not to lose touch again. They planned to meet once a month for breakfast on Saturdays. 1．Ken found his long lost friend from the _________. A．radio B．TV C．magazine D．newspaper 2．How might Ken feel while seeing Anthony at the bookstore? A．Afraid. B．Surprised. C．Worried. D．Angry. 3．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Anthony put on weight, but he became smart and talented. B．Anthony changed a lot because writing poetry is very hard. C．Anthony was bald and a little fat, but he was still very handsome. D．Anthony looked wise because he was bald and had a little potbelly. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Changes of friends B．Importance of friends C．Childhood friends D．Ways to get friends back 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文讲述了Ken和Anthony这对儿时的朋友在多年失去联系后，因为Ken偶然在报纸上看到Anthony的诗歌朗诵会公告而重聚的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Ken was reading the newspaper with his morning coffee. Inside he saw a notice for a poetry reading...He was surprised to find that the poet looks exactly like his friend Anthony”可知，Ken是在看报纸时看到诗歌朗诵会的通知，从而发现了他的老朋友Anthony。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“He was surprised to find that the poet looks exactly like his friend Anthony”以及Ken看到Anthony时对其外貌变化的反应可知，Ken在书店看到他的朋友时是感到惊讶的。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Anthony was almost bald (秃头) and had a little potbelly (大肚皮)”以及“Anthony’s poetry was quite good”可知，虽然Anthony在外貌上有些改变，不如从前，但他在诗歌创作上展现了很大的才华，也就是他的才能弥补了外貌上的变化。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了Ken和Anthony这对童年朋友多年后相聚的故事，他们的变化和再次重聚的友谊，因此“Childhood friends”是最贴切的标题。故选C。 13 ①“Why did she spill the beans (泄漏秘密)?” I asked myself. I’ll always remember that day when I was so surprised by all the strange looks everyone was giving me. Those thoughts will always stay with me. And I couldn’t believe I would lose the friendship of the person I trusted the most. ②Five years back, Sally was the new kid in class. I don’t know what it was, but something special about her drew me to her. She was the friendliest person I had ever known. We started as classmates, but after a few months, we were like best friends. So, I never expected her to hurt me in such a big way. ③I don’t know what made me tell Sally about my personal life. She made the matter bigger than it was, telling everyone at school. It was like someone had stabbed (刺伤) me in the back. After she gave away my secrets, everyone at school started laughing at me, looking at me whenever I passed by! I had to change a school. Sally called me many times, but I didn’t answer. My heart was broken. ④I tried hard to heal (治愈；康复) from the pain she left on my heart. After five years, my life went back to the way it was, with new friends. But one day, I met Anna, my classmate from the third grade. She told me that it was Mary who brought my secrets to light. Mary was the big mouth in our school who always wanted to stick her nose into other people’s business. ⑤I wished I could have asked Sally about this. I wished I could go back in time and make up for my mistakes. From that, I learned a life lesson that we should trust those we love because one little mistake could really harm our lives. 1．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1? A．The writer misunderstood her best friend. B．The writer never thought she would lose her friend. C．The writer believed her best friend trusted her most. D．The writer was sure her best friend would help her. 2．The underlined phrase “big mouth” in Paragraph 4 refers to a person ________. A．who likes talking a lot, and who cannot keep secrets B．whose mouth and nose are much bigger than others C．who cares a lot about other people’s business and help them D．who does something harmful to somebody who you trust 3．The writer might feel ________ when she found out the truth. A．bored B．hurt C．regretful D．lonely 4．What will the writer be most likely to do later? A．Keep it to herself. B．Call Sally and say sorry to her. C．Hate Sally all her life. D．Tell Mary about her secrets. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者在学校的一段经历，并从这段经历中明白了要信任自己所爱的人，因为一个小错误可能会造成真正的伤害。 1．词句猜测题。根据“And I couldn’t believe I would lose the friendship of the person I trusted the most.”可知，作者不敢相信自己会失去自己最信任的人的友谊，即作者从没想过她会失去她的朋友。故选B。 2． 词句猜测题。根据“She told me that it was Mary who brought my secrets to light. Mary was the big mouth in our school who always wanted to stick her nose into other people’s business.”可知，是玛丽泄露了作者的秘密，玛丽是学校的大嘴巴，总是爱管闲事，故可推测出，big mouth指的是喜欢说很多话，不会保守秘密的人。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“I wished I could have asked Sally about this. I wished I could go back in time and make up for my mistakes.”可知，作者希望她能问莎莉这件事，希望能回到过去改正她的错误，故推测作者是后悔的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“I wished I could have asked Sally about this. I wished I could go back in time and make up for my mistakes.”可知，作者希望她能问莎莉这件事，希望能回到过去改正她的错误，故可推测出，接下来作者最有可能打电话给莎莉，并和她说对不起。故选B。 14 ①“Please stay,” I begged (乞求). “Your mom said you could stay an hour.” ②Ann was my best friend. She was the only other girl in the neighborhood. She came to play half an hour ago, and I didn’t want her to go. ③“I’m bored,” she said. She started to get up, and then noticed a bright hair clip (发夹) on my bedside table. ④“I’ll stay if you give me that,” Ann said. ⑤I frowned (皱眉). ________ She was a beautiful and kind woman. She was never too busy to spend time with me. The day she died, I cried in bed for hours. Now, as I hold the hair clip in my hands, I was filled with sweet memories of Aunt Reba. ⑥I don’t know what came over me, but more than anything, I wanted someone to play with me. So I handed Ann the hair clip! Then we rode our bikes in the park. Soon it was time for her to go. ⑦Upset at what I had done, I went to bed without dinner that evening. When my mom came in to turn off the light, she asked me what was wrong. I told her everything. She hugged me, but only said, “I guess you’ll have to decide what to do.” Alone in the dark, I began to think more clearly. Soon I knew what I would do. ⑧At school the next day, I found Ann and apologized (道歉) to her. I told her how important the hair clip was to me. She finally gave me back the hair clip. But it wasn’t a happy experience. After that, we stopped playing together. ⑨Through the years, I have had other best friends. But I have never again begged for their company. I know best friends are people who want to spend time with you, and that they ask for nothing in return. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Both Aunt Reba and I loved the hair clip a lot. B．I couldn’t help thinking of my aunt Reba. C．The hair clip was a gift from Aunt Reba. D．I must tell her everything about the hair clip. 2．What’s the right order of the following? ①The writer went cycling in the park with Ann. ②The writer thought hard to get her thing back. ③The writer begged Ann to stay around for a while. ④The writer stopped Ann at school for her hair clip. A．①④③② B．①②④③ C．③②①④ D．③①②④ 3．What does the underlined word “company” mean in Chinese? A．陪伴 B．支持 C．同情 D．理解 4．What lesson did the writer learn from the experience (经历)? A．The best things in life are free. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．A good beginning makes a good ending. D．Those who ask for something in return can’t be your true friends. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者和朋友Ann玩耍时，Ann以作者的发夹作为陪作者玩耍的代价，作者不得不答应了Ann的要求，事后作者很难过，因为这是Reba姑姑送给她的礼物。第二天作者向Ann道歉，并告知这个发卡对于作者的重要性，Ann把发夹又返还给作者，同时也让作者明白了什么是真正的朋友。 1．推理判断题。根据“She was a beautiful and kind woman”及“ Now, as I hold the hair clip in my hands, I was filled with sweet memories of Aunt Reba.”可知，此处应说明这个发夹是来自Reba姑姑的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“‘Please stay,’ I begged (乞求). ‘Your mom said you could stay an hour.’”“Then we rode our bikes in the park.”“Alone in the dark, I began to think more clearly. Soon I knew what I would do.”及“At school the next day, I found Ann and apologized (道歉) to her. I told her how important the hair clip was to me.”可知，正确的顺序是：作者乞求Ann再待一会—作者和Ann一起去公园骑自行车—作者努力思考如何要回发夹—作者在学校拦住Ann要回发夹，故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“‘Please stay,’ I begged (乞求). ‘Your mom said you could stay an hour.’”及“Through the years, I have had other best friends. But I have never again begged for their company.”可知，经历过Ann这件事情之后，作者再也没有乞求过好朋友的陪伴，所以company表示“陪伴”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“I know best friends are people who want to spend time with you, and that they ask for nothing in return.”可知，作者从这次经历明白了：最好的朋友是那些愿意花时间和你在一起的人，他们不要求任何回报，也就是那些要求回报的人不能成为你真正的朋友，故选D。 15 Is it OK for parents to lie to a child? For example, Linda’s 10-year-old son plays football. He’s not very skilled at it, but he loves it. Yesterday he didn’t play well. When he finished the game, he asked her mother, “Did I play well?” Linda said, “Yes! You’re a great football player!” Her words sparked a discussion about lying to children. Amy thinks Linda did a right thing. Sometimes we have to tell white lies that are not harmful. It is necessary to tell white lies in daily life. Linda just wanted to make her son feel good. But Jason doesn’t think parent should lie to our children. Linda lied to make her son feel better, but she missed a good chance of teaching him a life lesson. People should work hard for what they want. Maybe next time she can say, “No, you didn’t play well today. Great football players practise a lot. Let’s go and practise more.” The truth will make him strong and a good football player. In my opinion, parents should be honest to their children, but they don’t have to tell the whole truth. Next time when our child asks, “Did I play well?” We can say, “What do you think? Did you give your best?” Then our child can tell us what he thinks. That way, everything we say is true, and we avoid the truth that hurts him. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By giving an example. B．By listing numbers. C．By comparing the results. D．By using famous sayings. 2．Which sentence is a white lie if your friend did badly in a singing competition? A．You are not good at singing. B．You sang very well just now. C．You have to practise a lot. D．You should give up singing. 3．What advice does Jason offer to Linda? A．Linda shouldn’t let her son play football next time. B．Linda shouldn’t answer his son’s question next time. C．Linda should tell another white lie to her son next time. D．Linda should encourage (鼓励) her son to practise more next time. 4．Which opinion would the writer most probably agree with? A．Parents have to tell the whole truth. B．Telling lies to children is completely wrong. C．Parents should always make children feel good. D．Parents should be honest to their children, but try not to hurt them. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了家长该不该跟孩子说谎的问题。 1．细节理解题、根据第一段中“Is it OK for parents to lie to a child? For example, Linda’s 10-year-old son plays football. He’s not very skilled at it, but he loves it.…”可知，作者以一个例子开始了这个话题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Sometimes we have to tell white lies that are not harmful. It is necessary to tell white lies in daily life.”可知，有时候我们不得不说一些无害的善意的谎言。日常生活中说善意的谎言是很有必要的。由此可知，B选项“你刚才唱得很好。”属于善意的谎言。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But Jason doesn’t think parent should lie to our children. Linda lied to make her son feel better, but she missed a good chance of teaching him a life lesson.…Maybe next time she can say, ‘No, you didn’t play well today. Great football players practise a lot. Let’s go and practise more.’”可知，杰森给琳达提的建议是琳达应该鼓励她的儿子下次多练习。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In my opinion, parents should be honest to their children, but they don’t have to tell the whole truth.…That way, everything we say is true, and we avoid the truth that hurts him.”可知，父母应该对孩子诚实，但尽量不要伤害他们。故选D。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024) Unit 1 Friendship主题阅读 必备知识清单 英语阅读中的友谊主题 一、主题内涵：友谊的本质与价值 友谊，作为人类情感领域中极为珍贵的一种纽带，其影响力不容小觑。它具有一种强大的跨越性，能够毫无阻碍地超越年龄的差距、文化的差异以及地域的限制。从根本上来说，友谊是以信任、理解与支持这三大要素作为稳固基石而构建起来的。 真正意义上的友谊，绝非仅仅是在欢乐时刻共同欢笑的陪伴而已，它更体现在当一方身处困境时，另一方始终不离不弃的坚守。古希腊伟大的哲学家亚里士多德就曾留下这样一句经典之言：“挚友如异体同心”，此话语深刻地强调了友谊其实是灵魂层面的一种强烈共鸣。 在英语阅读材料里，友谊这一主题常常紧密围绕 “忠诚”“分享”“成长” 这几个关键方面来展开叙述。以经典文学作品为例，在《哈利・波特》这部风靡全球的作品中，哈利与罗恩之间那坚如磐石的生死之交，淋漓尽致地展现了友谊在面对重重困难时的坚韧与力量；而在《夏洛的网》中，动物们之间那种无私的互助场景，同样生动地诠释了友谊如何为生命赋予了独特的意义与强大的力量，让读者深刻体会到友谊的伟大价值。 二、核心词汇 1. 名词 friendship（n. 友谊）：Friendship is a two-way process that requires effort from both sides.（友谊是需要双方共同努力的双向过程。） trust（n. 信任）：Trust is the foundation of any lasting friendship.（信任是任何长久友谊的基石。） loyalty（n. 忠诚）：Their loyalty to each other was tested during the crisis.（危机中他们对彼此的忠诚经受住了考验。） 2. 动词 support（v. 支持）：A true friend will always support you, even when you make mistakes.（真正的朋友即使在你犯错时也会支持你。） share（v. 分享）：Friends often share their joys and sorrows with each other.（朋友常彼此分享喜怒哀乐。） cherish（v. 珍惜）：We should cherish the friendships we have, as they are irreplaceable.（我们应珍惜拥有的友谊，因其无可替代。） 3. 形容词 reliable（adj. 可靠的）：A reliable friend is someone you can count on in times of need.（可靠的朋友是你在困境中可以依靠的人。） caring（adj. 体贴的）：She is a caring friend who always listens to my problems.（她是个体贴的朋友，总是倾听我的烦恼。） honest（adj. 诚实的）：Honest communication is essential for resolving conflicts in friendships.（诚实的沟通对解决友谊中的矛盾至关重要。） 三、常见句式结构 1. 强调句（It is... that...） 结构：此句式常用于着重强调友谊这一主题中所包含的关键要素，像信任、陪伴这类在构建和维系友谊过程中起着至关重要作用的元素。通过这种结构，能够将这些关键要素从众多信息中突显出来，使读者的注意力高度聚焦于此。 [例句分析] It is mutual understanding that strengthens the bond of friendship.（正是相互理解巩固了友谊的纽带。）此句中，运用强调句结构，将“mutual understanding（相互理解）”这一核心要素置于强调位置，清晰地表明在友谊的众多构成因素里，相互理解对于强化友谊纽带具有不可或缺的作用。 作用：在文章写作过程中，该句式的主要作用是突出核心观点。当作者想要着重表达某一观点，让其在整个论述中脱颖而出时，使用强调句能够显著增强文章的说服力。通过这种突出重点的方式，能更有效地引导读者关注作者所强调的关键内容，从而加深对文章核心观点的理解与认同。 2. 比喻句（Friends are like...） 结构：运用比喻这一修辞手法，以生动且形象的方式去描述友谊所具备的独特特点。通过选取恰当的喻体，将友谊抽象的特质转化为具体可感的形象，从而让读者能更直观地体会到友谊的内涵。 [例句分析] Friends are like stars; they brighten your life even in the darkest moments.（朋友如星辰，即使在最黑暗的时刻也能照亮你的生活。）此句将朋友比作星辰，形象地突出了朋友在人处于艰难困境，仿佛置身黑暗时，所发挥的如同星辰般照亮前路、给予希望的重要作用。 作用：通过这种形象化的表达，能够极大地加深读者对于友谊特点的理解。它将原本较为抽象的关于友谊的概念，以一种具体生动的画面呈现出来，使读者更易在脑海中构建起对友谊的认知，进而更深刻地感悟友谊的意义与价值。 3. 条件句（If...） 结构：在语言表达和思想阐述领域，条件句（If...）占据着独特且重要的位置。其结构在探讨友谊这一主题时，能够精准地剖析友谊中的条件与结果之间的紧密联系。 [例句分析] “If trust is broken, even the strongest friendship may crumble.（若信任破裂，再坚固的友谊也可能崩塌。）”此例句以简洁而有力的表述，通过设定“信任破裂”这一条件，得出“最坚固的友谊也可能崩塌”的结果。 作用：这样的表达能有效地引发读者深入思考友谊的脆弱性这一本质特征。促使读者意识到，即使看似坚不可摧的友谊，在面对信任危机等关键条件变化时，也可能不堪一击。同时，也激发读者进一步思索维护友谊的有效方法，引导读者思考如何在日常相处中悉心呵护信任，从而避免友谊走向瓦解。 4. 对比句（While...） 结构：此结构主要用于清晰地对比不同类型的友谊在发展进程与模式上的差异。它聚焦于友谊发展方式的多样性，从截然不同的角度来展现友谊在人们生活中呈现出的各种状态。 [例句分析] While some friendships blossom instantly, like a sudden burst of fireworks lighting up the night sky, others grow slowly like ancient trees, steadily adding rings of growth over time.（有些友谊如火花般瞬间绽放，恰似夜空中突然绽放的烟花照亮四周；而有些却如古树般缓慢生长，随着时间的推移稳步地增添一圈圈的年轮。） 作用：这种对比的表达方式，能够有效地通过将两种截然不同的友谊发展方式并置，从而更加鲜明地凸显出友谊所具有的丰富多样性，让人们更深刻地理解友谊在不同情境下所展现出的独特魅力与形态。 5. 定语从句（使用who/that来引导） 结构：通过使用这种特定的语法结构，能够对朋友所具备的独特品质，或者朋友做出的具体行为，进行限定性的修饰。也就是说，它可以明确指出在关于朋友的描述中，具体是哪些品质或行为在句子所表达的情境里起到关键作用。 [例句分析] A true friend is someone who stands by you during both good times and bad.（这句话的意思是，真正的朋友是那种无论处于顺境还是逆境，始终陪伴在你身旁不离不弃的人。这里通过“who stands by you during both good times and bad”这个由who引导的定语从句，精准地描绘出了真正朋友的特质。） 作用：运用定语从句，能够非常精准地刻画人物特征，让所描述的人物形象更加立体、生动。同时，它还能为句子增添丰富的层次，使整个句子的表达更加细腻、准确，不再只是简单的平铺直叙，而是在基本的表述之上，通过对人物特征的进一步阐释，让句子的含义更加丰富和深刻。 四、阅读策略 1.识别主题句：在阅读文章时，要特别留意文章开头或结尾部分所呈现的总结性语句。这些总结句往往能够提纲挈领地概括文章的核心内容，如同文章的关键指引。例如 “Friendship is the golden thread that ties all hearts together.”（友谊是联结心灵的金线。）这样的句子，简洁而有力地表达出友谊在文章所探讨范畴中的重要意义，如同给读者绘制了一幅理解文章主旨的简易地图。 2.分析情感线索：这需要从文章的词汇和句式入手。通过关注诸如 “support”（支持）“trust”（信任）这类能够直接传达情感倾向的词汇，以及强调句等特殊句式，来精准判断作者对于友谊这一主题所秉持的态度。强调句通常会突出作者想要着重表达的观点，而特定词汇则像是一个个情感信号灯，帮助读者清晰地捕捉作者的情感脉络。 五、文化拓展：东西方友谊观对比 西方：在西方文化背景下，对于友谊的观念更侧重于个体的独立与平等。这种倾向在一些英语短语中得以体现，例如 “fair-weather friend”（酒肉朋友），此短语清晰地反映出西方文化对于那种只在顺境中存在、流于表面的友谊的批判态度。这表明西方文化鼓励在友谊中保持个体的自主性，同时期望朋友之间能够建立在真诚、平等且相互尊重的基础之上。 东方：与之不同，东方文化在友谊观方面更注重集体和谐与长久陪伴。这一特点在中文成语中有着生动的展现，像 “患难与共” 这个成语，深刻地体现了在东方文化里，朋友之间共同面对困难、携手共渡难关的重要性。这种观念强调了友谊在面对生活挑战时的坚韧与不离不弃，突出了集体和谐以及长期陪伴在友谊中的价值。 核心知识回顾 有关“友谊”主题的语篇的常见结构 一、记叙文（Narrative）：友谊故事的起承转合 【结构特征】以时间或事件为线索，包含开端、发展、冲突、解决、感悟五要素，侧重情感变化和人物刻画。 【典型语篇】 Last summer, Emma moved to a new city and felt lonely. At school, she met Lily, who had a bright ponytail and a cheerful smile. They shared a seat in class and soon discovered a common love for badminton. One day, Emma lied to Lily about being sick to avoid a competition, but Lily found out the truth. Emma feared losing her friend, but Lily said, "Honesty matters more than winning." Emma apologized, and their friendship grew stronger. Now they trust each other deeply and always keep secrets. 【阅读策略】 时间标记：圈出last summer, one day, now等词，梳理事件顺序。 人物描写：通过bright ponytail, cheerful smile等外貌描写和对话（如 "Lily said..."）分析人物性格（对应课本词汇cheerful, honest）。 冲突与解决：关注矛盾点（lied about being sick）和解决方式（apologized），理解友谊中诚实（honest）和信任（trust）的重要性。 二、说明文（Expository）：友谊要素的理性阐释 【结构特征】采用总分总结构，先总述友谊的重要性，再分点说明核心要素（如信任、沟通、支持），最后总结升华。 【典型语篇】 Friendship has three key parts. First, trust is essential—friends must be trustworthy and never lie to each other. For example, if you share a secret, a good friend will keep it. Second, communication helps friends understand each other. When Ann and Tom had a fight, they talked it out and realized it was just a misunderstanding. Finally, support means being there in both happy and hard times. When Sarah was unhappy, her friend encouraged her and made her laugh with jokes. 【阅读策略】 主题句定位：首句 "Friendship has three key parts" 为全文主旨，后续分论点围绕trust, communicate（对应课本understand）, encourage 展开。 例证分析：通过 Ann 和 Tom 的冲突（fight）、Sarah 的经历（unhappy, encourage）理解抽象概念。 三、议论文（Argumentative）：友谊现象的辩证探讨 【结构特征】围绕争议话题（如线上友谊、友谊中的竞争）展开，包含论点、论据、结论，常使用对比论证或数据支撑。 【典型语篇】 Is it better to have many friends or a few close ones? Some say many friends bring more fun and activities. A survey shows that teenagers with more friends are more active in school. However, others believe close friends are more trustworthy. For instance, when facing danger, only true friends will stay and help. In my view, quality matters more than quantity—a few honest friends are better than many shallow ones. 【阅读策略】 论点识别：通过Some say..., However, others believe..., In my view区分正反观点和作者立场。 论据分析：数据（A survey shows）和事例（facing danger）分别支撑 “数量论” 和 “质量论”。 批判性思维：对比两种观点，结合课本词汇honest, trustworthy 判断作者倾向（quality > quantity）。 综合实战演练 1 “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Friends are important to us. Friends help us get through hard times. Friends also influence us a lot. Let’s enjoy two poems about friendship. To Wang Lun I, Li Bai, sit aboard a ship about to go. When suddenly onshore your farewell songs overflow. However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms (桃花) may be. It is not so deep, Wang Lun! As your love for me. A Time to Talk (By Robert Frost) When a friend calls to me from the road, And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around. On all the hills I haven’t hoed (锄地), And shout from where I am, what is it? No, not as there is a time to talk. I push my hoe in the ground, Blade (锄头)—end up and five feet tall, And I go up to the stone ▲ , For a friendly visit. Both poems are famous in their cultures, but they tell different stories. Li Bai described the scene (场景) of his friend seeing him off. US poet Robert Frost wrote about a friend’s visit when he was working. Li made a comparison (对比). His poem shows the friendship between him and his friend is deeper than the deep water. Frost’s poem, on the other hand, tells the readers that we should stop what we are doing to talk with our friends. It tells us that nothing should get in the way of spending time with friends. The language is simple but sincere (真挚的). 1．The underlined word “influence” means __________ in Chinese. A．保护 B．影响 C．同意 D．怀疑 2．What scene did Li Bai describe in the poem? A．Ships on the lake. B．Peach Blossoms. C．Wang Lun seeing him off. D．Songs sung by Wang Lun. 3．What does the underlined “it” refer to? A．The ship B．Love C．The lake of Peach Blossoms D．Li Bai 4．Which is the most suitable word for ▲ ? A．wall B．ball C．tall D．all 5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The end of the friendship. B．The writers of the poems. C．The comparison of people. D．The analysis (分析) of the poems. 2 Ben, a fourteen-year-old boy, is a member of the basketball team at his school. He is crazy about basketball and is pretty good at it. However, his team lost a match (比赛) last week, which made Ben very upset. Ben thought his teammate Jim was the main reason for the loss. He was angry with Jim. So angry, in fact, that he told his best friend about it. But his best friend told everyone else what he had said. Ben didn’t know what to do. He wanted to talk to other people, but he was afraid that the same thing would happen again. At last, he decided to ask the Agony Aunt for help. He wrote a letter to Agony Aunt and soon received her reply. In the reply, Agony Aunt said that it was Ben’s friend’s loose lips (泄密) that made things worse. But Ben himself was partly to blame (责备) , too. She gave Ben some advice on how to make things better. Firstly, he should say sorry to his teammate Jim. Then, he needs to tell his friend that he is angry with him for his loose lips. At the same time, Ben should let his friend know that he wants to move on with their friendship. Moreover, Ben must remember: think first, speak later. Agony Aunt advised that if Ben feels his teammate doesn’t work hard, he should talk to his team coach (教练) and try to find a better way to solve the problem. 1．What problem does Ben have? A．Ben’s team lost, and he was angry with his teammate Jim. B．Ben’s friend told others what he said about his teammate Jim. C．Ben doesn’t know how to help his team win the game. D．Ben has no idea how to win a basketball match. 2．An Agony Aunt can ________. A．give advice on playing basketball B．tell jokes to make others happy C．give advice on personal (私人的) problems D．share interesting stories with others 3．Ben got some advice from Agony Aunt EXCEPT ________. A．he should say sorry to his teammate B．he should talk to his friend about his anger C．he should tell his friend everything D．he should discuss his worries with the team coach 3 Something terrible happened to Han Mei at school one day. When Han Mei and her friend Li. Dan were walking down the stairs (楼梯) from the third floor, her classmate Xu Nuo accidentally (偶然地) hit her on the back. She lost her balance (平衡) and fell down the stairs. She broke her left leg and her right arm was bleeding. She had a bruise (瘀伤) on her right leg too. “Ouch! That hurt!” cried Han Mei. Her teacher Miss Gao called 120 right away. Han Mei had to stay in hospital for a week. In the ward (病房), she met Wang Hong, who broke her arm in a car accident. They talked for long hours. They left hospital on the same day. The doctor told Han Mei that she had to stay at home for a month so that her leg could get well again. Han Mei could not go to school. She was sad. Wang Hong went to visit her. She told Han Mei interesting stories to make her happy. They played chess and watched films together. When Han Mei could walk again, she joined some interest classes with Wang Hong. They visited many places together too. They became best friends. “This accident caused me a lot of pain, but luckily it brought a good result (结局)—I got a best friend.” thought Han Mei. 1．What happened to Han Mei at school? A．She was hit on the head. B．She fell down on the fourth floor. C．She broke her arm in a car accident. D．She fell down the stairs and was sent to hospital. 2．Who did Han Mei meet in the hospital? A．Li Dan. B．Xu Nuo. C．Miss Gao. D．Wang Hong. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Han Mei told Wang Hong interesting stories. B．Han Mei left hospital earlier than Wang Hong. C．Han Mei went to many places with Wang Hong. D．Han Mei was sad because she missed Wang Hong. 4．The right order of the following sentences is ______. ①Wang Hong made Han Mei happy. ②Han Mei and Wang Hong became best friends. ③Han Mei and Wang Hong met and talked for long hours. A．③①② B．③②① C．①③② D．②③① 5．What does Han Mei probably learn from this experience? A．Health is the most important thing. B．A bad thing may bring a good result. C．It's interesting to go to school every day. D．Friends should watch films with each other. 4 Getting in touch with friends is difficult after people change schools or move house. They don’t know how to start the conversation again if they don’t talk with their friends for a long time. Many people want to get in touch with old friends, but they are afraid to do so. Psychologists (心理学家) from colleges did a study about how people feel about getting in touch with old friends. The study shows over 90% of the people don’t call their old friends.70% of them don’t want to call their friends first, because they worry that their old friends won’t want to hear from them or are too busy to talk with them. Some people even think getting in touch with their old friends is as hard as talking to strange people. Lara Aknin, one of the psychologists, said, “Most people are worried that they have different lifestyles and interests now. But these differences can be helpful for people to get close to each other. After sharing something new and interesting, they won’t feel embarrassed (尴尬的) at all. Instead, they know each other better.” In fact, if you get in touch with an old friend, you will be surprised to find that he or she is also looking forward to hearing from you. So, why not give your old friend a call? 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving a fact. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 2．Why don’t most people want to call their old friends first? A．Because they almost forget their old friends. B．Because they don’t want to trouble their old friends. C．Because they have nothing to say to their old friends. D．Because they don’t care about their old friends at all. 3．What can we learn from Lara Aknin’s words? A．It’s hard to get in touch with old friends. B．We can’t share our things with old friends. C．Differences may help people get close to old friends. D．Most people might have different lifestyles and interests. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．It’s important to have some good friends. B．Be brave to get in touch with your old friends. C．We should make as many new friends as possible. D．Make friends with people having the same interest. 5．Where is this passage probably from? A．A travel guide. B．A storybook. C．A sports newspaper. D．A science magazine. 5 ①Do you know E-person and I-person? These two kinds of personalities (性格) are much discussed online. Even twins may be quite different from each other, such as personalities, hobbies, friends and etc. To learn more about that, let’s hear from the following twins. ②Andy, an Extrovert I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. Ken and I head to the beach on Saturdays to surf, and on Sundays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. At school, Larry is my best friend. I don’t spend much time with him over the weekends because he likes to play video games at home just by himself. I’m cool with it because I can visit other friends. I value (重视)  his friendship a lot because Larry cares about me and often gives great advice to my problems. ③Anna, an Introvert I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on sofa by myself with a great book in hand. However, I do also need time with my two best friends, Sue and Tina. Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy to my quiet days. Tina is more like me, and she understands me better than I do. We often take a long walk to share our feelings. I love both my friends and need their different personalities to make my life colorful. ④Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth. From Andy and Anna, introverts and extroverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship! 1．What does Andy do on Saturdays with Ken? A．Surf on the beach. B．Ride the bikes. C．Play the video games. D．Take a long walk. 2．Which of the following words can best describe Sue? A．Hard-working. B．Understanding. C．Good-looking. D．Outgoing. 3．The idiom “from the horse’s mouth” means “to hear from someone _________”. A．who saw it B．who experienced it C．who fed it D．who promised it 4．What may be the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Friends in need are friends indeed. B．Friends bring out the best in each other. C．Friends are not necessary to be the same. D．Friends reach for your hands and touch your hearts. 6 Everyone needs friends. How do you have real friendship and keep it? The American writer Sally Seaman tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed (种子) and take care of it to make it grow. What makes a good friend? It’s not because he or she has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient (有耐心的). For example, if you are in a bad mood (情绪), a good friend should listen to you and do his or her best to help you. But things can’t always be happy. Even the best friends have fights (争吵). What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You’d better talk to him or her. There are three steps (步) to be friends again: say sorry to him or her; tell him or her how you are feeling; tell him or her why you did this or that. Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life. 1．Sally wants to tell students the ways to ________. A．find friends B．plant trees C．get happy D．keep fit 2．A good friend should ________. A．be kind and patient B．has money C．be lovely and cool D．has good looks 3．The underlined word “it” refers to “ ________ ”. A．a friend B．friendship C．the seed D．a fight 4．There are ________ steps to be good friends again after a fight. A．one B．two C．three D．four 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Teenagers and Friendship. B．Everyone Needs Friends. C．The Good Friends around You. D．Finding and Keeping Friendship. 7 Susan moved to a new house with her parents in August. Soon the summer holidays were coming to the end with only four days before school started. “I’m nervous about the first day of school, Mom.” Susan said. “Why are you nervous?” asked her mom. “I don’t know any kids. I don’t want to be alone on the first day.” Susan said. The next day, Susan called her friend Fiona from her old school. She told Fiona her problem. Fiona said another girl from their school moved to the same neighborhood as Susan. “Her name is Linda. She lives on Brook Street. Isn’t that near your house?” asked Fiona. “Yes, it is two streets behind my house,” replied Susan. “I’ll give Linda your address and you two can meet up before school starts,” said Fiona. After Susan talked with Fiona, she felt relaxed. She told her mom Fiona’s friend Linda would stop by. Two days before school started, Linda came to Susan’s home. “Are you Susan?” asked Linda, “Fiona told me to come by and meet you since we will be new at the school.” “It’s good to meet someone before school starts,” said Susan. “I agree. At least we will know each other until we meet more kids,” said Linda. That night, Susan called Fiona again and thanked her for helping out. “You’re welcome, and good luck at your new school,” said Fiona. 1．Susan moved to a new house in ________. A．May B．June C．July D．August 2．Susan felt ________ after she talked with Fiona. A．relaxed B．worried C．surprised D．proud 3．How did Fiona help Susan? A．She went to the new school together with Susan. B．She asked her friend Linda to visit Susan. C．She moved to the street near Susan’s house. D．She came to Susan’s home before school started. 8 What would you do if your best friend and you have different ideas? At first, I didn’t know how to do when I found that my best friend Karina disagreed (不同意) with me on some things. When we first met in a summer camp, we got along so well. But then something happened at a picnic. “Did you hear about the shopping center news?” asked one of our friends Levar. “They want to cut down lots of trees to make room for a shopping center.” “That’s terrible! We have to stop that,” I said. “I disagree,” said Karina. “The shopping center would give new jobs to people in need.” “But animals would lose their homes!” I said. “I want people to have jobs, but it doesn’t mean cutting down trees.” I wished Karina could agree with me about saving the trees, but she had her reasons for believing what she did. I was so angry that I didn’t talk to her for days. Later, my mother knew it and said to me, “No two people are the same. You should respect (尊重) each other. And no matter what happens, the difference doesn’t mean losing a good friend.” After listening to my mom’s words, I said sorry to Karina and we are still good friends now. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing some numbers. C．By asking a question. D．By showing some ways. 2．According to the passage, what is the building the shopping center good for? A．Giving new jobs to people B．Saving birds and other animals. C．Giving much money to some people. D．Having places for children to have fun. 3．How did the writer feel when Karina disagreed with her? A．Bored. B．Sorry. C．Happy. D．Angry. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．We can ask our friends for help. B．Friends should be the same. C．Friends should respect each other. D．Good friends tell each other everything. 9 How do you make friends? Some students are sharing their ideas with us. Adam and I are best friends, although we are quite different. We have a lot to talk every day. We play basketball together after school. We go for a picnic (野餐) at weekends. It’s always a pleasure to be with him. Tom I spend my spare time mostly with people from other countries. When I’m with them, I really get to know what they’re like and how easy they are to get along with. They help me to improve (提高) my English. Yumi I made some good friends at the gym. People there are very friendly. Talking to them and taking exercise are good ways for us to get to know each other. Anna I can make more friends on the Internet because it keeps me in touch (保持联系) with the whole world. I can get worldwide stories from my friends around the world. Peter 1．Adam is ________ friend. A．Tom’s B．Yumi’s C．Anna’s D．Peter’s 2．With the help of her friends, Yumi ________. A．takes more exercise B．learns English better C．feels happier at picnics D．knows more about the world 3．Anna made some friends ________. A．on the Internet B．in the park C．at school D．at the gym 4．What helps Peter make more friends? A．The stories. B．The sports. C．The Internet. D．The language. 5．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Tom and Adam play football together after school. B．Yumi’s English was very good before. C．Anna thinks the people at the gym are friendly. D．Peter’s friends are all from China. 10 A reader wrote in to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn’t around. Here’s our advice to her—and to all kids who feel lonely at times. It’s hard when a best friend isn’t around—maybe because she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel lonely at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends. But how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, there’s always room for more friends. Start by looking around your classroom—think about which kids you’d like to play with at break. Look for chances to say “hi” to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation (表示感谢) to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break, walk over to the kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, can I play, too?” or just join in. If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. ▲ But how to be a friend? Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help—and pretty soon, you’ll have one, or two, or some more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn’t have before she left: You can introduce her to your new friends! 1．According to the writer, the kids can ________ when they feel lonely without friends around. A．try to make new friends B．ask the teachers for help C．study harder than ever D．have a talk with parents 2．The underlined word this in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A．looking for chances to greet B．developing new friendship C．offering to share something D．inviting someone to play with 3．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in Paragraph 4? A．Don’t be worried if your friends are not around. B．The best way to make friends is to be a friend first. C．Sometimes your teachers will also be your good friends. D．You will have more friends if you are friendly to others. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Some children are too shy to make friends. B．There is always room for more new friends. C．Teachers are pretty good at matching friends. D．Making new friends can make you less lonely. 11 In a peaceful town surrounded by hills, there lived an eight-grader named Tom who loved adventures (冒险). Tom had a wonderful buddy who wasn’t just a home pet but his very best friend-a golden retriever (寻回犬) called Max. They first met at an animal center when Tom was seven and have been together since then. Every morning, Tom and Max-went on exciting adventures. They would walk through the woods, run after butterflies, and even help Mrs. Thompson with her garden. Max had a super sense of smell, which made it easy for them to play treasure hunts and find hidden treasures around the neighborhood. Tom always proudly told his friends about Max’s cleverness and how loyal (忠诚) he was. One day, while walking the forest, Tom slipped on a wet rock and hurt his leg. He was worried and called for help, but the trees weakened his cries. However, Max stayed right next to him and gently pulled him to a clearer area where it was easier to see. With Max showing the way, Tom slowly moved back home with difficulty. After that accident (事故), Tom stayed home from school for a week to rest and heal. During this time, Max was always with him, bringing him books, getting water, and making him feel better. Their friendship became even stronger, and Tom’s parents were very moved by how loyal Max was. As Tom grew up, he and Max were still the best friends. They went to dog shows together, where Max won awards, and watched beautiful sunsets from their favorite hill. From Max, Tom learned important life lessons about being loyal, brave, and loving someone without wanting anything back. Even now, Tom often thinks back with joy to those wonderful times with Max and is forever thankful for the great changes his furry friend made to his life. 1．What does the underlined word “slipped” mean in paragraph 3? A．Walked carefully. B．Fell down. C．Jumped over. D．Climbed across. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Tom first met Max when he was in Grade 8. B．Tom could find hidden treasures with the help of Max. C．Tom and Max’s friendship changed a lot as time went by. D．Max slowly carried Tom back home after Tom hurt his leg. 3．What is the best title for this passage? A．Tom and Max’s Adventures B．Fun Time with a Loyal Friend C．Life Filled with Adventures D．A Special and Forever Friend 12 Ken and Anthony were childhood friends. They went to primary and high school together. They went to college in different states, and then they lost touch (失去联系) . One morning Ken was reading the newspaper with his morning coffee. Inside he saw a notice for a poetry reading (诗歌朗诵会) at a nearby bookstore. He was surprised to find that the poet looks exactly like his friend Anthony. Ken decided to see his old friend. Ken sat in the last row of the area inside the bookstore. When he met Anthony, he hardly recognize (认出) him. Anthony was almost bald (秃头) and had a little potbelly (大肚皮) . When Anthony was in high school, he was very handsome. What Anthony lost in looks was made up for in talent (才能). Anthony’s poetry was quite good. Anthony recognized Ken sitting in the back row. When the reading was over, Ken stood in line with the others waiting for Anthony to sign a copy of his book. When it was Ken’s turn, Anthony stood up and hugged his long lost friend. Anthony invited Ken to stay until he finished signing books. Ken did, and the two men had a cup of coffee at a nearby cafe. They haven’t met each other for a long time, but they found they still have many topics to talk. Both men married American women. Both men had sons in the same year. Ken and Anthony decided not to lose touch again. They planned to meet once a month for breakfast on Saturdays. 1．Ken found his long lost friend from the _________. A．radio B．TV C．magazine D．newspaper 2．How might Ken feel while seeing Anthony at the bookstore? A．Afraid. B．Surprised. C．Worried. D．Angry. 3．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Anthony put on weight, but he became smart and talented. B．Anthony changed a lot because writing poetry is very hard. C．Anthony was bald and a little fat, but he was still very handsome. D．Anthony looked wise because he was bald and had a little potbelly. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Changes of friends B．Importance of friends C．Childhood friends D．Ways to get friends back 13 ①“Why did she spill the beans (泄漏秘密)?” I asked myself. I’ll always remember that day when I was so surprised by all the strange looks everyone was giving me. Those thoughts will always stay with me. And I couldn’t believe I would lose the friendship of the person I trusted the most. ②Five years back, Sally was the new kid in class. I don’t know what it was, but something special about her drew me to her. She was the friendliest person I had ever known. We started as classmates, but after a few months, we were like best friends. So, I never expected her to hurt me in such a big way. ③I don’t know what made me tell Sally about my personal life. She made the matter bigger than it was, telling everyone at school. It was like someone had stabbed (刺伤) me in the back. After she gave away my secrets, everyone at school started laughing at me, looking at me whenever I passed by! I had to change a school. Sally called me many times, but I didn’t answer. My heart was broken. ④I tried hard to heal (治愈；康复) from the pain she left on my heart. After five years, my life went back to the way it was, with new friends. But one day, I met Anna, my classmate from the third grade. She told me that it was Mary who brought my secrets to light. Mary was the big mouth in our school who always wanted to stick her nose into other people’s business. ⑤I wished I could have asked Sally about this. I wished I could go back in time and make up for my mistakes. From that, I learned a life lesson that we should trust those we love because one little mistake could really harm our lives. 1．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1? A．The writer misunderstood her best friend. B．The writer never thought she would lose her friend. C．The writer believed her best friend trusted her most. D．The writer was sure her best friend would help her. 2．The underlined phrase “big mouth” in Paragraph 4 refers to a person ________. A．who likes talking a lot, and who cannot keep secrets B．whose mouth and nose are much bigger than others C．who cares a lot about other people’s business and help them D．who does something harmful to somebody who you trust 3．The writer might feel ________ when she found out the truth. A．bored B．hurt C．regretful D．lonely 4．What will the writer be most likely to do later? A．Keep it to herself. B．Call Sally and say sorry to her. C．Hate Sally all her life. D．Tell Mary about her secrets. 14 ①“Please stay,” I begged (乞求). “Your mom said you could stay an hour.” ②Ann was my best friend. She was the only other girl in the neighborhood. She came to play half an hour ago, and I didn’t want her to go. ③“I’m bored,” she said. She started to get up, and then noticed a bright hair clip (发夹) on my bedside table. ④“I’ll stay if you give me that,” Ann said. ⑤I frowned (皱眉). ________ She was a beautiful and kind woman. She was never too busy to spend time with me. The day she died, I cried in bed for hours. Now, as I hold the hair clip in my hands, I was filled with sweet memories of Aunt Reba. ⑥I don’t know what came over me, but more than anything, I wanted someone to play with me. So I handed Ann the hair clip! Then we rode our bikes in the park. Soon it was time for her to go. ⑦Upset at what I had done, I went to bed without dinner that evening. When my mom came in to turn off the light, she asked me what was wrong. I told her everything. She hugged me, but only said, “I guess you’ll have to decide what to do.” Alone in the dark, I began to think more clearly. Soon I knew what I would do. ⑧At school the next day, I found Ann and apologized (道歉) to her. I told her how important the hair clip was to me. She finally gave me back the hair clip. But it wasn’t a happy experience. After that, we stopped playing together. ⑨Through the years, I have had other best friends. But I have never again begged for their company. I know best friends are people who want to spend time with you, and that they ask for nothing in return. 1．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．Both Aunt Reba and I loved the hair clip a lot. B．I couldn’t help thinking of my aunt Reba. C．The hair clip was a gift from Aunt Reba. D．I must tell her everything about the hair clip. 2．What’s the right order of the following? ①The writer went cycling in the park with Ann. ②The writer thought hard to get her thing back. ③The writer begged Ann to stay around for a while. ④The writer stopped Ann at school for her hair clip. A．①④③② B．①②④③ C．③②①④ D．③①②④ 3．What does the underlined word “company” mean in Chinese? A．陪伴 B．支持 C．同情 D．理解 4．What lesson did the writer learn from the experience (经历)? A．The best things in life are free. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．A good beginning makes a good ending. D．Those who ask for something in return can’t be your true friends. 15 Is it OK for parents to lie to a child? For example, Linda’s 10-year-old son plays football. He’s not very skilled at it, but he loves it. Yesterday he didn’t play well. When he finished the game, he asked her mother, “Did I play well?” Linda said, “Yes! You’re a great football player!” Her words sparked a discussion about lying to children. Amy thinks Linda did a right thing. Sometimes we have to tell white lies that are not harmful. It is necessary to tell white lies in daily life. Linda just wanted to make her son feel good. But Jason doesn’t think parent should lie to our children. Linda lied to make her son feel better, but she missed a good chance of teaching him a life lesson. People should work hard for what they want. Maybe next time she can say, “No, you didn’t play well today. Great football players practise a lot. Let’s go and practise more.” The truth will make him strong and a good football player. In my opinion, parents should be honest to their children, but they don’t have to tell the whole truth. Next time when our child asks, “Did I play well?” We can say, “What do you think? Did you give your best?” Then our child can tell us what he thinks. That way, everything we say is true, and we avoid the truth that hurts him. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By giving an example. B．By listing numbers. C．By comparing the results. D．By using famous sayings. 2．Which sentence is a white lie if your friend did badly in a singing competition? A．You are not good at singing. B．You sang very well just now. C．You have to practise a lot. D．You should give up singing. 3．What advice does Jason offer to Linda? A．Linda shouldn’t let her son play football next time. B．Linda shouldn’t answer his son’s question next time. C．Linda should tell another white lie to her son next time. D．Linda should encourage (鼓励) her son to practise more next time. 4．Which opinion would the writer most probably agree with? A．Parents have to tell the whole truth. B．Telling lies to children is completely wrong. C．Parents should always make children feel good. D．Parents should be honest to their children, but try not to hurt them. ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$