衔接点01 句子成分（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点01 句子成分（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中阶段，除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中句子成分考点聚焦】 一、词类 英语的词类分为十种： 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class. 2、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 3、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above. 6、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 8、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成份 识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分 英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。 （1）主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。 　　He is a student. 他是一名学生。（代词he作主语） （2）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。 　　She loves cats. 她喜爱猫。（动词love作谓语） （3）宾语：指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。 　　We speak Chinese. 我们讲汉语。（名词Chinese作宾语） （4）定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主　　要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。 　　I like light music. 我喜欢轻音乐。（形容词light作定语） （5）补语：主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。 　　He will buy me a gift. 他将给我买份礼物。（a gift作宾语me的补语） （6）状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。 　　He is watching TV at home. 他在家看电视。（at home作状语指明动作发生的地点） （7）表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态，位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。 　　My father is a writer. 我父亲是一名作家。（a writer作表语） 【高中句子成分考点聚焦】 课标解读 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O （主+谓+宾）、S+V+C （主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO （主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A （主+谓+宾+状）基本句型在各种题型中的应用。 总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。 考点清单 · 句子的成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 指出划线部分充当的成分 一、单项选择 1．The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A．谓语 B．主语 C．宾补 D．直接宾语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这种变化不会让你失望的。分析句子可知，The change为主语；won’t make为谓语；you为宾语；disappointed为形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语you的状态。故选C项。 2．Our English teacher recommended us a reference book whose content was detailed and well-organized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分：________ A．object (宾语) B．attributive (定语) C．adverbial (状语) D．complement (补语) 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我们的英语老师给我们推荐了一本参考书，内容详细，组织有序。划线部分是whose引导的定语从句，修饰名词book。故选B。 3．The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分. A．状语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：学校顾问帮我选择了合适的。分析句子结构可知，“The school adviser”是主语，“helped”是谓语，“me”是宾语，“choose the appropriate ones”是宾语补足语。故选D项。 4．The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：组织者计划改进机器人，并经常开放这家咖啡馆，以支持残疾人的就业。本句主语为The organizers，谓语为plan，宾语为to improve 。故选A。 5．Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成份。句意：通过这些活动，我们教导学生公民参与的重要性，并使学生参与改善社区的活动变得有趣。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为“make+宾语+宾补”的结构，其中 it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式to be involved in bettering their communities，fun为宾语补足语，故选D。 6．I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? ______ A．Subject (主语). B．Object (宾语). C．Predictive (表语). D．Object complement (宾语补足语). 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当我问他这个问题时，我发现他很惭愧。句子中下划线的句子元素是什么？I是主语，found是谓语，him是宾语，ashamed是宾语补足语，故选D。 7．The report sounds interesting. A．object B．subject C．complement D．predicative 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这份报告听起来很有趣。分析句子结构可知，句中The report为主语，sounds为系动词，interesting为表语。故选D。 8．There is always something excited to do. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：总有令人兴奋的事情要做。本句用there be句型，something“某事”为句子的主语。故选A。 9．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你们这一代的青少年被电脑游戏吸引并不罕见。分析句子可知，这里考查固定句型it is adj. for sb to do sth，表“做某事对于某人来说是...”，本句中it作形式主语，而不定式to be attracted to computer games为逻辑主语。故选A项。 10．Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：过多的在线时间使得专注于生活中的其他事情变得非常困难。it为形式宾语，to focus on other things in life为真正的宾语。故选B。 11．Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. A．宾补 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：她妈妈给她买了一只宠物狗作为生日礼物。分析句子可知，本句中her为间接宾语，而a pet dog为直接宾语。故选B项。 12．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，乐于助人。分析句子可知，friendly and helpful为形容词短语，在本句中作宾补，对宾语most of my classmates and teachers进行补充说明。故选C项。 13．The first week was a little confusing. A．主语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．表语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：第一个星期有点令人困惑。confusing“令人困惑的”位于系动词was后，为表语。故选D。 14．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：杰克给了我一些有用的建议。A.indirect object间接宾语； B.direct object直接宾语；C. adverbial状语；D.attributive定语。本句主语为Jack，谓语为offered，间接宾语为me，指的是接受建议的人，所以划线部分为直接宾语，这是offered的对象，即被提供的具体内容。故选B。 15．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子的基本结构与过去分词。句意：昨天举行的会议很重要。分析句子结构可知，主语为The meeting，谓语动词为系动词was，important为表语；held yesterday位于名词之后，修饰名词，所以为定语。故选C。 16．The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：坐在房间前面的那位女士似乎是个名人。主语为The lady；in the front of the room为介词短语作定语修饰名词lady；seemed为系动词；to be someone famous为表语。故选B。 17．John found it no easy job to get concentrated. A．表语 B．宾补 C．宾语 D．间接宾语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：约翰发现要集中注意力不容易。此处主语为John，found为谓语，it作形式宾语，no easy job为宾语补足语，to get concentrated不定式为真正宾语。故选B。 18．The new coach told me that I didn’t play well enough . 划线部分是什么短语? 在句子中做什么成分? A．Adj. P 定语 B．Adj. P 状语 C．Adv. P 状语 D．Adv. P 定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：新教练说我打得不够好。the new coach是主语，told是谓语，me是间接宾语，that I didn’t play well enough是直接宾语，well enough是副词短语，在从句中作状语，修饰动词didn’t play。故选C。 19．Some students find it very hard to understand English grammar. 划线部分是__________. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：有些学生觉得英语语法很难理解。Some students是主语，find是谓语，itt是形式宾语，very hard是宾语补足语，不定式to understand English grammar是真正的宾语。故选A。 20．I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea. What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as? A．adverbial (状语) B．complement (补语) C．attributive (定语) D．appositive (同位语) 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我很喜欢我们一起在海边度过的那个夜晚。划线部分是什么句子成分？根据句意及所给句子可知，I是主语，enjoyed是谓语，the evening是宾语，that we spent together by the sea是定语从句，修饰先行词evening，其中that在从句中作宾语。故选C。 一．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。 A I'm a freshman at senior high school. I had to think 1.very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me 2.choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent 3.when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for 4.advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.  答案　1. 状语　　2. (宾语)补语　　3. 状语　　4. 定语 B 1.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually 2.the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like 3.Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes 4.because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.  答案　1. 主语　　2. 表语　　3. 宾语　　4. 状语 C Continued greenhouse gas emissions 1.will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 2.to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 3.restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 4.to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.  答案　1. 谓语　　2. 状语　　3. 宾语　　4. 主语 D One day, Claire mentioned 1.that she didn't think she was clever. The robot called Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous 2.that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity. She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry, 3.who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, 4.one of the richest and most powerful women around.  答案　1. 宾语　　2. 主语　　3. 定语　　4. 同位语 二、阅读理解 Seeking a suitable university for you? The University of Waikato is the right one. It is internationally recognized for its excellence and achievements. It will help you develop advanced research skills. As a university student you can get first-class research facilities with trained teachers to help, support and advise you in your study. We pride ourselves on our high standards, our research success and our international recognition. For further information: inf@waikato.ac.nz ●Degree We offer a wide choice of bachelor’s degrees for international students, which include: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens. For further information: deg@waikato.ac.nz ●Tuition Fees Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz ●Accommodation You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: ave@waikato.ac.nz ●Health The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: heal@waikato.ac.nz ●Sports The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport@waikcato.ac.nz 1．If you want to get more information about arts, you can write to ________. A．deg@waikato.ac.nz B．heal@waikato.ac.nz C．sport@waikato.ac.nz D．inf@waikato.ac.nz 2．You have to pay at least ________ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A．$5, 250 B．$8,000 C．$6,000 D．$11,000 3．According to the text. what will you do if you are ill during Christmas holidays? A．Go to a hospital nearby. B．Buy some medicine in a drug store. C．Try to get help from your classmates. D．See a doctor at the school medical center. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了新西兰the University of Waikato的相关信息，包括学位课程、学费、住宿、医疗服务和体育设施等，旨在为国际学生提供选择该校的参考。 1．细节理解题。根据“Degree”部分中的内容“We offer a wide choice of bachelor’s degrees for international students, which include: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. (我们为国际学生提供多种学士学位选择，包括艺术、传播学、社会科学等。)”以及该部分末尾的联系方式“For further information: deg@waikato.ac.nz (更多信息请访问：deg@waikato.ac.nz)”可知，获取艺术相关信息的联系方式是deg@waikato.ac.nz。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据“Tuition Fees”部分中的内容“Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. (学费因院系而异，通常为每年5000至6000美元。)”可知，学费的最低标准是每年5000美元。此外；根据“Accommodation”部分中的内容“You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. (你可以住在四居室公寓中，每月房租约为100美元，其他生活费用约为每月150美元。)”可知，每年的住宿和生活费用为(100+150)×12=3000美元。因此，每年的总费用至少为5000+3000=8000美元。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据“Health”部分中的内容“The Medical centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. (医疗中心每周开放五天，包括学生假期，有四名医生和护士满足你的医疗需求。)”可知，即使在圣诞节假期，学生也可以在学校医疗中心就医。故选D项。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 internationally recognized adj. 国际认可的 advanced research skills n. 高级研究技能 tuition fees n. 学费 accommodation n. 住宿 medical services n. 医疗服务 长难句分析 原句：As a university student you can get first-class research facilities with trained teachers to help, support and advise you in your study. 译文：作为一名大学生，你可以获得一流的研究设施，并有训练有素的教师在学习中为你提供帮助、支持和建议。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“As a university student” 为方式状语，主句为 “you can get first-class research facilities”，“with trained teachers to help, support and advise you in your study” 为伴随状语，其中 “to help, support and advise you in your study” 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 “trained teachers”。 中文翻译 为你寻找合适的大学？怀卡托大学就是正确的选择。它以卓越和成就获得国际认可。它将帮助你发展高级研究技能。作为一名大学生，你可以获得一流的研究设施，并有训练有素的教师在学习中为你提供帮助、支持和建议。我们为自己的高标准、研究成就和国际认可感到自豪。如需更多信息：inf@waikato.ac.nz ●学位 我们为国际学生提供广泛的学士学位选择，包括：艺术、传播学、社会科学等。音乐学士和教育学士仅面向新西兰公民。如需更多信息：deg@waikato.ac.nz ●学费 学费因院系而异，通常为每年 5,000 至 6,000 美元。如需更多信息：tui@waikato.ac.nz ●住宿 你可以在一个四居室的公寓里拥有一个房间，每人每月约 100 美元，其他日常生活费用约每月 150 美元。如需更多信息：ave@waikato.ac.nz ●健康 学生健康服务为学生提供出色的医疗服务。医疗中心每周开放五天，包括学生假期，有四名医生和护士满足你的医疗需求。如需更多信息：heal@waikato.ac.nz ●体育 该中心是进行体育活动的好地方。训练有素的运动教练可以帮助你制定训练计划，让你保持活跃。体育馆有排球、篮球和室内足球场，还有一个游泳池。怀卡托也有大量的体育俱乐部。如需更多信息：sport@waikcato.ac.nz 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点01 句子成分（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，需要能够识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分。 高中阶段，除了识别基本句子成分外，还需要能够分析更复杂的成分，如从句、同位语、插入语等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中句子成分考点聚焦】 一、词类 英语的词类分为十种： 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class. 2、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 3、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above. 6、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 7、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 8、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成份 识别主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等基本句子成分 英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。 （1）主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。 　　He is a student. 他是一名学生。（代词he作主语） （2）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。 　　She loves cats. 她喜爱猫。（动词love作谓语） （3）宾语：指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。 　　We speak Chinese. 我们讲汉语。（名词Chinese作宾语） （4）定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主　　要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。 　　I like light music. 我喜欢轻音乐。（形容词light作定语） （5）补语：主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。 　　He will buy me a gift. 他将给我买份礼物。（a gift作宾语me的补语） （6）状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。 　　He is watching TV at home. 他在家看电视。（at home作状语指明动作发生的地点） （7）表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态，位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。 　　My father is a writer. 我父亲是一名作家。（a writer作表语） 【高中句子成分考点聚焦】 课标解读 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O （主+谓+宾）、S+V+C （主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO （主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C （主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A （主+谓+宾+状）基本句型在各种题型中的应用。 总的来说，高中英语在句子成分的理解上要求更为深入和全面，需要学生具备更强的语言分析能力和应用能力。 考点清单 · 句子的成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 指出划线部分充当的成分 一、单项选择 1．The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A．谓语 B．主语 C．宾补 D．直接宾语 2．Our English teacher recommended us a reference book whose content was detailed and well-organized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分：________ A．object (宾语) B．attributive (定语) C．adverbial (状语) D．complement (补语) 3．The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分. A．状语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．宾语补足语 4．The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 5．Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 6．I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? ______ A．Subject (主语). B．Object (宾语). C．Predictive (表语). D．Object complement (宾语补足语). 7．The report sounds interesting. A．object B．subject C．complement D．predicative 8．There is always something excited to do. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 9．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 10．Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 11．Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. A．宾补 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．表语 12．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．表语 13．The first week was a little confusing. A．主语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．表语 14．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 15．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 16．The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 17．John found it no easy job to get concentrated. A．表语 B．宾补 C．宾语 D．间接宾语 18．The new coach told me that I didn’t play well enough . 划线部分是什么短语? 在句子中做什么成分? A．Adj. P 定语 B．Adj. P 状语 C．Adv. P 状语 D．Adv. P 定语 19．Some students find it very hard to understand English grammar. 划线部分是__________. A．宾语 B．补语 C．定语 D．状语 20．I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea. What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as? A．adverbial (状语) B．complement (补语) C．attributive (定语) D．appositive (同位语) 一．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。 A I'm a freshman at senior high school. I had to think 1.very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me 2.choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent 3.when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for 4.advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.  B 1.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually 2.the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like 3.Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes 4.because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.  C Continued greenhouse gas emissions 1.will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 2.to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 3.restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 4.to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.  D One day, Claire mentioned 1.that she didn't think she was clever. The robot called Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous 2.that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity. She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry, 3.who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, 4.one of the richest and most powerful women around.  二、阅读理解 Seeking a suitable university for you? The University of Waikato is the right one. It is internationally recognized for its excellence and achievements. It will help you develop advanced research skills. As a university student you can get first-class research facilities with trained teachers to help, support and advise you in your study. We pride ourselves on our high standards, our research success and our international recognition. For further information: inf@waikato.ac.nz ●Degree We offer a wide choice of bachelor’s degrees for international students, which include: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens. For further information: deg@waikato.ac.nz ●Tuition Fees Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz ●Accommodation You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: ave@waikato.ac.nz ●Health The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: heal@waikato.ac.nz ●Sports The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport@waikcato.ac.nz 1．If you want to get more information about arts, you can write to ________. A．deg@waikato.ac.nz B．heal@waikato.ac.nz C．sport@waikato.ac.nz D．inf@waikato.ac.nz 2．You have to pay at least ________ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A．$5, 250 B．$8,000 C．$6,000 D．$11,000 3．According to the text. what will you do if you are ill during Christmas holidays? A．Go to a hospital nearby. B．Buy some medicine in a drug store. C．Try to get help from your classmates. D．See a doctor at the school medical center. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 internationally recognized adj. 国际认可的 advanced research skills n. 高级研究技能 tuition fees n. 学费 accommodation n. 住宿 medical services n. 医疗服务 长难句分析 原句：As a university student you can get first-class research facilities with trained teachers to help, support and advise you in your study. 译文：作为一名大学生，你可以获得一流的研究设施，并有训练有素的教师在学习中为你提供帮助、支持和建议。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“As a university student” 为方式状语，主句为 “you can get first-class research facilities”，“with trained teachers to help, support and advise you in your study” 为伴随状语，其中 “to help, support and advise you in your study” 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 “trained teachers”。 中文翻译 为你寻找合适的大学？怀卡托大学就是正确的选择。它以卓越和成就获得国际认可。它将帮助你发展高级研究技能。作为一名大学生，你可以获得一流的研究设施，并有训练有素的教师在学习中为你提供帮助、支持和建议。我们为自己的高标准、研究成就和国际认可感到自豪。如需更多信息：inf@waikato.ac.nz ●学位 我们为国际学生提供广泛的学士学位选择，包括：艺术、传播学、社会科学等。音乐学士和教育学士仅面向新西兰公民。如需更多信息：deg@waikato.ac.nz ●学费 学费因院系而异，通常为每年 5,000 至 6,000 美元。如需更多信息：tui@waikato.ac.nz ●住宿 你可以在一个四居室的公寓里拥有一个房间，每人每月约 100 美元，其他日常生活费用约每月 150 美元。如需更多信息：ave@waikato.ac.nz ●健康 学生健康服务为学生提供出色的医疗服务。医疗中心每周开放五天，包括学生假期，有四名医生和护士满足你的医疗需求。如需更多信息：heal@waikato.ac.nz ●体育 该中心是进行体育活动的好地方。训练有素的运动教练可以帮助你制定训练计划，让你保持活跃。体育馆有排球、篮球和室内足球场，还有一个游泳池。怀卡托也有大量的体育俱乐部。如需更多信息：sport@waikcato.ac.nz 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$