精品解析：北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高二下学期4月期中考试英语试题

丰台区2024-2025学年度第二学期期中练习 高二英语 考试时间：90分钟 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Sports are important in our family. Both of our sons were high-school athletes. So, I shouldn’t have been ____1____ when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls’ basketball team. But I was, because she has Down syndrome(唐氏综合症). My wife and I never told Lauren that she was ____2____. We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled. “I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.” Lauren ran to meet me when I came in from work. She flew into my arms and lingered long in my embrace. “That’s ____3____, honey,” I patted her shoulder and walked into the kitchen. My wife spoke slowly, her tone steady. “What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.” Her words ____4____ in. Everything that could happen flashed through my mind. But what could we do? Mid-November, the season’s first basketball game arrived. It got off to a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren’s team, was behind. Lauren ____5____ followed the movement on the court and reacted to every shot. Even though she wasn’t playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life. Just less than two minutes were left, and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game! She ____6____ the others fairly well. From her agile movement and eager expression, I knew she was desperate to score for her team. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She ____7____ it. She shot. She scored! A few minutes later, Lauren joined us in the stands. “Did you see? I scored! I made a ____8____!” For sixteen years, I’d tried hard to ____9____ Lauren from feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different—not physically or emotionally, but _____10_____. 1. A. disappointed B. surprised C. depressed D. embarrassed 2. A. normal B. ordinary C. different D. typical 3. A. awful B. strange C. hard D. nice 4. A. sank B. poured C. came D. kicked 5. A. frequently B. carelessly C. attentively D. repeatedly 6. A. kept pace with B. gave way to C. put up with D. broke away from 7. A. threw B. missed C. cast D. caught 8. A. mistake B. record C. mess D. basket 9. A. excuse B. shelter C. discourage D. prohibit 10. A. consciously B. spiritually C. literally D. socially 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女孩劳伦，她有唐氏综合症，但是她的父母一直以来都没有告诉她这个事实，并且对她和其他孩子一样对待。Laure表现出对篮球的兴趣，并加入了女子篮球队。在一场比赛中，虽然她被叫上场的时间很短，但她成功地投篮得分，这让她感到非常自豪。通过这次比赛，父亲意识到劳伦的不同之处不仅仅是身体和情感上的，而是她对生活的态度。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当劳伦宣布她要参加女子篮球队时，我不应该感到惊讶。A. disappointed沮丧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“But I was, because she has Down syndrome”可知，对于正常的孩子来说参加篮球队是不应该感到惊讶的，但因为劳伦有唐氏综合征，她要参加篮球队这是让作者惊讶的。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同。A. normal正常的；B. ordinary普通的；C. different不同的；D. typical典型的。根据“We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled.”可知，作者和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同，作者对待她与对待其他的孩子是一样的。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太好了，亲爱。A. awful糟糕的；B. strange奇怪的；C. hard困难的；D. nice愉快的。根据““I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.””可知，劳伦告诉作者其要参加篮球队，作为父亲，作者表示赞同。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话被理解了。A. sank沉入，被理解；B. poured倾倒；C. came来到；D. kicked踢。根据““What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.””可知，作者理解了劳伦的话即劳伦想说的是她要加入女子高中篮球队。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：劳伦专注地注视着场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。A. frequently经常地；B. carelessly不小心地；C. attentively注意地；D. repeatedly反复的。根据“reacted to every shot”可知，劳伦专注地注视着场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。A. kept pace with跟上；B. gave way to让位给；C. put up with忍受；D. broke away from逃离。根据“the others fairly well”可知，她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抓住了球。A. threw投掷；B. missed错过；C. cast投掷；D. caught抓住。根据“Then they passed Lauren  the ball.”可知，队友们把球传给了劳伦，劳伦接住了球即抓住了球。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我投进球了！A. mistake错误；B. record记录；C. mess混乱；D. basket投篮得分。根据“I scored!”可知，劳伦进球了。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：16年来，我一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。A. excuse借口；B. shelter提供保护；C. discourage使泄气；D. prohibit禁止。根据“from feeling like she was different”可知，作者一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但看着比赛中的劳伦，我发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。A. consciously有意识地；B. spiritually精神上地；C. literally文字地；D. socially社交地。根据“not physically or emotionally”可知，看着比赛中的劳伦，作者发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。故选B。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 We are writing to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign. It urges people ___11___ (save) food by not wasting anything on the dining table. You may not know over 30% of the world’s food ___12___ (waste) every year, while many people in poor areas do not have enough to eat. Reducing daily food waste by just 5% could save millions of people from starvation. Let’s start doing ___13___ we can to make the world a better place. 【答案】11. to save 12. is wasted 13. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文号召每个人参与“光盘行动”。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它敦促人们通过不浪费餐桌上的任何东西来节约食物。urge sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“敦促某人做某事”，所以这里用动词不定式to save作宾语补足语。故填to save。 【12题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：你可能不知道，世界上每年有超过 30% 的食物被浪费，然而贫困地区许多人没有足够食物吃。根据“every year”可知是一般现在时，food和waste 是被动关系，即食物“被浪费”，主语 “over 30% of the world’s food” 视为单数，所以用一般现在时的被动语态 is wasted。故填is wasted。 【13题详解】 考查连接词。句意：让我们开始做我们能做的事，使世界成为一个更美好的地方。分析句子结构，“________we can” 作 doing 的宾语，是宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指能做的 “事情” ，所以用what引导。故填what。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Researchers ___14___ (witness) that more than 3.5 billion people worldwide spend an average of three hours a day glued to their smartphones so far. The researchers also found that people who lowered their usage by one hour every day were ___15___ (happy) and reduced anxiety symptoms by more than 30%. Cutting back was more effective than total digital detox (戒瘾): People who spend one hour less per day___16___ smartphones during the one-week intervention were more likely to successfully change their habits over the long term than those ___17___ (put) their smartphones away entirely for a week. 【答案】14. have witnessed 15. happier 16. on 17. putting 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究结果，到目前为止，全球超 35 亿人平均每天花三小时盯着智能手机，并指出减少手机使用时间有助于改变盯着手机的习惯。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，研究人员已经见证了全球超过 35 亿人平均每天花三个小时盯着他们的智能手机。“so far（到目前为止）” 是现在完成时的标志，主语 Researchers是复数，所以用 have witnessed。故填have witnessed。 【15题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：研究人员还发现，每天将手机使用时间减少一小时的人更快乐，焦虑症状减轻了30% 以上。根据后文“reduced anxiety symptoms by more than 30%” 可知这里有比较的含义，与没减少使用手机时间的人作比较，所以用 happy 的比较级 happier作表语。故填happier。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：在为期一周的干预期间，每天花在智能手机上的时间减少一小时的人，比那些将智能手机完全搁置一周的人，更有可能长期成功改变他们的习惯。spend time on sth. 是固定搭配，表示“在某事上花费时间”。故填on。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在为期一周的干预期间，每天花在智能手机上的时间减少一小时的人，比那些将智能手机完全搁置一周的人，更有可能长期成功改变他们的习惯。those 指代“people”，与put之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词putting 作后置定语修饰 those。故填putting。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A new study, ___18___ (publish) in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics. In the study, 199 online participants, most of ___19___ live in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their ___20___ (belief) about how this affected their sleep. Almost all—87%—believed that music improves sleep, or at least does not disrupt it. However, the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness. 【答案】18. published 19. whom 20. beliefs 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一篇发表在《心理医学》上的新研究表明，睡前听音乐与更多睡眠中断相关，且纯音乐比带歌词的音乐情况更糟。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一项发表在《心理医学》上的新研究发现，睡前音乐与更多睡眠中断相关，且纯音乐比带歌词的音乐情况更糟。study与publish 之间是被动关系，即“研究被发表”，所以用过去分词published 作后置定语修饰study。故填 published。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在这项研究中，199 名线上参与者，其中大多数生活在美国，报告了他们的睡眠质量、听音乐的频率和时间，以及他们对这如何影响他们睡眠的看法。此处是“介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是 199 online participants，指人，在从句中作 of 的宾语，所以用 whom。故whom。 【20题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在这项研究中，199 名线上参与者，其中大多数生活在美国，报告了他们的睡眠质量、听音乐的频率和时间，以及他们对这如何影响他们睡眠的看法。belief是可数名词，根据their 可知，此处表示他们的看法，应用复数形式 beliefs作宾语。故填beliefs。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A With many Chicken Soup for the Soul books in development, we are always looking for new talent. So whether you are a regular contributor or new to our family, please share your stories with us. Here is the recipe for submission. Story Guidelines ·Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. ·The story should start “in the action” and draw in the reader. Do not start your story with an introduction about what you are going to say. ·Don’t try fancy moves with tenses. Writing in the present tense about something that happened in the past rarely works. ·Keep your story within 1200 words. Tighten! Tips about submitting The only way to submit your stories is to do it on our website. A message, “Thank you! Your information has been received”, is the only confirmation of your submission. There is no email from us. If you have any problems, please write to: webmaster@chickensoupforthesoul.com. There are many topics in each of our books. If you have a story that you think fits two of the topics, you may submit it to both. Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book. After publication If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products. After your story is published, you will receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in. You will be entitled to buy cases of your books at half price. You will also receive our monthly newsletter with advance notice of new books. 21. What kind of story is likely to be accepted by Chicken Soup for the Soul? A. A story with an introduction. B. A story of one’s own experience. C. A story with more than 1200 words. D. A story written in the present tense. 22. What can we learn about story submission? A. You can submit your stories by email. B. A story can just be submitted to one topic. C. You can submit many stories to the same book. D. An email will be sent for a successful submission. 23. If your story is published, you will ________. A. lose its official ownership B. obtain future books in advance C. get free cases of your books D. approve of its future publication 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。一家出版商正在寻找心灵鸡汤故事，文章也介绍了递交内容、递交方法以及出版事宜。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Story Guidelines”中的第一句“Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. (讲述一个发生在你或你认识的人身上的感人故事。)”可知，关于自己和朋友的故事更有可能被《心灵鸡汤》接受。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Tips about submitting”中第二段最后一句“Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book.(此外，你可以为每本书提交的故事数量没有限制。)”可知，你可以递交许多故事给同一本书。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据“After publication”中第一段 “If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products.( 如果您的故事被选中发表，您将被要求签署我们的标准许可发布协议。这意味着你保留你的故事的所有权，但你给了我们出版它的权利，并在未来的任何书籍或我们的其他产品中再次使用它。)”可知，当你同意出版你的故事后，你也就同意了你的故事未来被出版。故选D项。 B I was sitting in a chemistry lab class during my first year of university, nervous about the experiment we were to perform. I grabbed a pipette and, as I feared, my hand started to shake. The experience was disheartening. I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground. I was a boy born with brain damage. My family managed to find good doctors where we lived, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia, and I took part in clinical trials testing new treatments. Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky. Still, I couldn’t do some things growing up. Both hands shook, especially when I was nervous or embarrassed. My left hand was much worse than my right, so I learned to write and do simple tasks with my right hand, but it wasn’t easy to do anything precisely. As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. That’s how I came into the field of biology. At university, I enjoyed the lectures in my science classes. Many lab tasks proved impossible, however. As I struggled with my mood, I read a book about depression. From then on, the physiology of mental disorders became my scientific passion. I looked into what was being done locally and was excited to discover a lab that did behavioral experiments in rats to study depression. At the end of my second year, I approached the professor of the lab to see whether I could work with her. I was afraid to admit I couldn’t do some lab tasks. To my relief, she was completely supportive. She set me to work performing behavioral experiments for others in the lab with the help of colleagues. I loved the supportive atmosphere and stayed there to complete my master’s and Ph.D. I’ve come to realize that my hands aren’t the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, I’ve been able to follow my passions. I’ve also realized that there’s much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but I’m fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science. 24. What was the author’s dream? A. To live a normal life. B. To become a scientist. C. To get a master’s degree. D. To recover from depression. 25. The author said he was lucky in Paragraph 2 because . A. he didn’t lose the function of both hands B. he learned how to walk at the age of one C. his family could afford to see good doctors D. his brain damage didn’t affect his intellectual capacity 26. From the passage, it is clear that . A. the author’s own depression inspired him to help others with mental disorders B. the author was surrounded by a team who urged him to further his study C. the author’s loneliness moved him towards the world of biology D. the author finally finished the lab tasks on his own 27. What message does the author want to express? A. Loving yourself makes a difference. B. Opportunity follows prepared people. C. A bright future begins with a small dream. D. The sun somehow shines through the storm. 【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground.(我希望从事科学方面的职业，但我开始怀疑这是否可能。我以为我的梦想已经破灭了)”可知，作者的梦想是成为科学家。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky.(在我第一个生日后不久，我开始走路，很明显我智力功能没有受到影响。所以，在某种意义上，我是幸运的)”可知，作者说他在第二段是幸运的，因为他的脑损伤没有影响他的智力。故选D。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. That’s how I came into the field of biology.(十几岁的时候，我在学校遭遇了很多欺凌。感到孤独，我加入了一个名为“自然世界”的学习小组。我以为进入动物的世界会让我远离人类。这就是我进入生物学领域的原因)”可知，从文章中可以看出，作者的孤独使他走向了生物学的世界。故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ve come to realize that my hands aren’t the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, I’ve been able to follow my passions. I’ve also realized that there’s much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but I’m fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science.(我开始意识到我的手并不是我想象中的障碍。通过发挥我的能力和团队合作，我能够追随我的热情。我也意识到，作为一名科学家，除了从事体力劳动，还有更多的事情要做。我可能无法在论文中收集所有的数据，但我完全有能力设计实验并解释结果，对我来说，这是科学中最令人兴奋的部分)”结合文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。可推知，作者想要表达的是：阳光总会穿过暴风雨。故选D。 C GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them. Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness（认真）and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once towards the end of each volunteer’s time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job. When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious. That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers. Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration. 28. Which of the following can best replace “beckoned for” in Paragraph 2? A. Examined. B. Attracted. C. Organized. D. Recognized. 29. What can we learn from the research? A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities. B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience. C. Working straight after school narrows people’s minds. D. College students pride themselves on their education. 30. According to the last two paragraphs, . A. college students enjoy a very good public image B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitude C. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the finding? A. Concerned. B. Optimistic. C. Unclear. D. Sceptical. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。德国蒂宾根大学的Jessika Golle通过对比调查上大学和参加职业培训的两组人之间在个性特征和态度方面的差别，指出选择职业路线的人在调查性和进取性的任务上表现出明显的兴趣下降，而这可能会限制他们选择职业。而德国有悠久的职业培训历史，如果这一发现是正确的，那么由于培训而带来态度上的变化缩小了人们的选择，这确实是一个值得认真考虑的问题。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.可知，原始组中有382人就读中等学校，这些人是研究人员重点关注的对象。其中212名被大学录取，剩下的170人选择职业培训或参加工作。根据后句The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.从而可以猜测出beckoned for为“召唤；吸引”之意。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段As she reports in Psychological Science this week,she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational training for work.However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.可知，本周她在《心理科学》的报告称，她发现和那些离校后马上进行职业训练的人相比，那些读过大学的人看起来确实在毕业后有更加开阔的探索性的思维。但大学能够开阔思维，其实并非如此。而是工作似乎会使思维狭隘。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段，尤其倒数第二段中But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature.可知，但是那些选择职业培训的人，他们对调查型和进取性任务的兴趣明显下降，从而可以推断出由于职业培训，人们对调查性工作的兴趣降低。故选D。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.可知，如果Golle的结论正确，并且由于培训（德国人以此为傲）而带来态度上的变化缩小了人们的选择，这确实是一个值得认真考虑的问题，可以推断出，作者对这一发现持关注的态度。故选A。 【点睛】推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。例如小题4，就是根据文章最后一段If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.中的关键词a matter worthy of serious consideration（一个值得认真考虑的问题）可以推断出，作者对这一发现持关注的态度，从而可以推断出答案。 D When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives. Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic (算法的) age. But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel’s mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI’s capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination. A principle of privacy rules is “minimisation”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and gender. Ms. Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes. Ms. Lobel’s call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy (正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates a loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency (透明) over algorithmic decisions. The problems with algorithmic formulae (公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AI. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong,” runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.” Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, in the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature. The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae—in other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a reasonable one.” Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “It’s always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.” 32. Ms Lobel intends to convey that ________. A. minimisation is a good privacy rule to go by B. algorithms are currently challenged by data privacy C. employing more personal data should be encouraged D. identifying algorithms’ problems leads to better outcomes 33. What can we learn about “Hawkmoth Effect”? A. It develops from Butterfly Effect. B. It emphasizes accuracy of original data. C. It enjoys popularity in climate research field. D. It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. The Algorithm’s Prospect. B. The Algorithm’s Mercy. C. The Algorithm’s Complexity. D. The Algorithm’s Recognition. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了两本关于数据和算法的书。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Ms. Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes. Ms. Lobel’s call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy (正统观念).(Lobel 女士颠覆了传统观点，展示了在招聘、薪酬和法律体系中，了解这些特征如何带来更公平的结果。Lobel 女士呼吁使用更多而非更少的个人信息，这挑战了数据隐私的正统观念)” 可知，Lobel 女士认为应该鼓励使用更多个人数据。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.(在Hawkmoth Effect中，模型本身存在缺陷；它可能没有充分考虑湿度、风和温度之间的相互作用)” 可推断，提到“Hawkmoth Effect”是为了表明模型可能存在缺陷。故选D。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。文章介绍两本书，一本强调人工智能和数据在正确使用时可对抗不平等，另一本探讨算法模型问题及呼吁解决实际问题，整体体现了算法在一定程度上能带来积极影响，如帮助改善生活、对抗不平等，即算法有其有益的一面。结合第一段“When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives.( Elinor Lobel16 岁时，一个“智能”胰岛素泵被植入她的体内。这个由人工智能驱动的设备会追踪她的血糖水平，并在合适的时间注入适量胰岛素，以维持她的健康。这是数据和人工智能帮助改善生活的新方式之一)”可知，B选项“算法的仁慈” 作为标题合适，既呼应开篇胰岛素泵的 “ mercy”（恩惠），也概括了算法在正确使用下对人类的裨益。故选B。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. ____35____ In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. ___36___This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. ___37___ The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. ___38___All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ___39___ In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. 【答案】35 A 36. C 37. E 38. F 39. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了高智商也会经历负面事件，甚至更容易有精神障碍。 【35题详解】 根据上文“There are advantages to being smart.(聪明是有好处的)”与下文“The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.(研究人员对比了那些报告失调的人与全国平均水平的比例，发现门萨的高智商成员更有可能患有一系列严重的失调)”形成正反对比，上文讲述积极意义对高智商者有利，而下文的消极影响对于高智商者则是坏消息。所以A 选项Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.(现在有些坏消息要告诉那些聪明人)符合上下语境。故选A。 【36题详解】 根据下文“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，本句应与an astonishing sound和conflict with another person有关。据此，C选项It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.(这是对环境威胁或虐待的异常强烈的反应)分别与an astonishing sound、conflict with another person相一致。故选C。 【37题详解】 根据上文“A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent.(一个高智商的人可能会过度分析老板不赞成的评论，想象出一些不那么聪明的人不会想到的负面结果)”和“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，太多的负面结果会使人焦虑，且高智商人可能会与老板发生矛盾，因此更容易焦虑。E选项That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.(这可能会引起身体的应激反应，从而使人更加焦虑)与文意相符。故选E。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder.(研究表明，智商高的人比普通人更容易患精神障碍，这并不能证明高智商是导致精神障碍的原因)”可知，高智商人更容易患精神障碍的原因可能不是高智商，而是其他原因。F选项It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.(也有可能加入门萨的人除了智商之外还有其他不同之处)符合文意。故选F。 【39题详解】 根据上文“One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy , which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.(一种可能性是，智力和健康结果之间的关联反映了多效性，当一个基因影响看似不相关的基因时就会发生这种多效性特征)”和下文“In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.(在罗莎琳德·阿登和她的同事们在2015年的一项研究中得出结论，智商与长寿之间的关联是不确定的主要是遗传因素造成的)”可知，上文讲的是一种结论，而后文则是一项实际研究的结果。B选项There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.(已经有一些证据表明这是事实)符合上下语境。故选B。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 40. What is empathy? 41. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 43. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 41. Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior. 42. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 43. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改变自己的行为。故答案为Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior。 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段“A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remind us of our past experiences.(提醒我们过去的经历。)”是错的，故答案为 Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 【43题详解】 开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students’ empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading “Harry Potter” had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。你校国际部将举办“英文戏剧节”活动，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人写一封英文申请信，内容包括： 1.表达对活动的看法； 2说明申请的理由。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I’m Li Hua a student from Class One, Grade Two. I’m writing to apply to be the host of the English drama festival. In my opinion, holding an English drama festival is an excellent idea. The English drama festival can not only enrich our extra-curricular activities, but also give us a chance to have a deeper understanding of foreign literature and performances. There are logical reasons why I want to apply for the position of host. Firstly, as a student who loves English drama very much, I have read a lot of English plays, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Merchant of Venice. Therefore, I am familiar with these scripts. Secondly, I have experience hosting English drama festivals, which makes me well equipped to deal with any situation on stage. I would greatly appreciate it if you could consider my application. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封申请信，申请成为 “英文戏剧节”活动的英语主持人，表达对活动的看法并说明申请的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 很棒的：excellent→wonderful/great/brilliant 提供/给与：give→offer 喜欢：love→be fond of 因此：therefore→as a result/ as a consequence 2.句式拓展 同义句改写 原句：In my opinion, holding an English drama festival is an excellent idea. 拓展句：In my opinion, it is an excellent idea to hold an English drama festival. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Secondly, I have experience hosting English drama festivals, which makes me well equipped to deal with any situation on stage.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I would greatly appreciate it if you could consider my application.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 丰台区2024-2025学年度第二学期期中练习 高二英语 考试时间：90分钟 笔试（共三部分100分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Sports are important in our family. Both of our sons were high-school athletes. So, I shouldn’t have been ____1____ when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls’ basketball team. But I was, because she has Down syndrome(唐氏综合症). My wife and I never told Lauren that she was ____2____. We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled. “I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.” Lauren ran to meet me when I came in from work. She flew into my arms and lingered long in my embrace. “That’s ____3____, honey,” I patted her shoulder and walked into the kitchen. My wife spoke slowly, her tone steady. “What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.” Her words ____4____ in. Everything that could happen flashed through my mind. But what could we do? Mid-November, the season’s first basketball game arrived. It got off to a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren’s team, was behind. Lauren ____5____ followed the movement on the court and reacted to every shot. Even though she wasn’t playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life. Just less than two minutes were left, and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game! She ____6____ the others fairly well. From her agile movement and eager expression, I knew she was desperate to score for her team. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She ____7____ it. She shot. She scored! A few minutes later, Lauren joined us in the stands. “Did you see? I scored! I made a ____8____!” For sixteen years, I’d tried hard to ____9____ Lauren from feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different—not physically or emotionally, but _____10_____. 1. A. disappointed B. surprised C. depressed D. embarrassed 2. A. normal B. ordinary C. different D. typical 3. A. awful B. strange C. hard D. nice 4. A. sank B. poured C. came D. kicked 5. A. frequently B. carelessly C. attentively D. repeatedly 6. A. kept pace with B. gave way to C. put up with D. broke away from 7. A. threw B. missed C. cast D. caught 8. A. mistake B. record C. mess D. basket 9. A. excuse B. shelter C. discourage D. prohibit 10. A. consciously B. spiritually C. literally D. socially 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 We are writing to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign. It urges people ___11___ (save) food by not wasting anything on the dining table. You may not know over 30% of the world’s food ___12___ (waste) every year, while many people in poor areas do not have enough to eat. Reducing daily food waste by just 5% could save millions of people from starvation. Let’s start doing ___13___ we can to make the world a better place. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Researchers ___14___ (witness) that more than 3.5 billion people worldwide spend an average of three hours a day glued to their smartphones so far. The researchers also found that people who lowered their usage by one hour every day were ___15___ (happy) and reduced anxiety symptoms by more than 30%. Cutting back was more effective than total digital detox (戒瘾): People who spend one hour less per day___16___ smartphones during the one-week intervention were more likely to successfully change their habits over the long term than those ___17___ (put) their smartphones away entirely for a week. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A new study, ___18___ (publish) in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics. In the study, 199 online participants, most of ___19___ live in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their ___20___ (belief) about how this affected their sleep. Almost all—87%—believed that music improves sleep, or at least does not disrupt it. However, the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A With many Chicken Soup for the Soul books in development, we are always looking for new talent. So whether you are a regular contributor or new to our family, please share your stories with us. Here is the recipe for submission. Story Guidelines ·Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. ·The story should start “in the action” and draw in the reader. Do not start your story with an introduction about what you are going to say. ·Don’t try fancy moves with tenses. Writing in the present tense about something that happened in the past rarely works. ·Keep your story within 1200 words. Tighten! Tips about submitting The only way to submit your stories is to do it on our website. A message, “Thank you! Your information has been received”, is the only confirmation of your submission. There is no email from us. If you have any problems, please write to: webmaster@chickensoupforthesoul.com. There are many topics in each of our books. If you have a story that you think fits two of the topics, you may submit it to both. Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book. After publication If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products. After your story is published, you will receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in. You will be entitled to buy cases of your books at half price. You will also receive our monthly newsletter with advance notice of new books. 21. What kind of story is likely to be accepted by Chicken Soup for the Soul? A A story with an introduction. B. A story of one’s own experience. C. A story with more than 1200 words. D. A story written in the present tense. 22. What can we learn about story submission? A. You can submit your stories by email. B. A story can just be submitted to one topic. C. You can submit many stories to the same book. D. An email will be sent for a successful submission. 23. If your story is published, you will ________. A. lose its official ownership B. obtain future books in advance C. get free cases of your books D. approve of its future publication B I was sitting in a chemistry lab class during my first year of university, nervous about the experiment we were to perform. I grabbed a pipette and, as I feared, my hand started to shake. The experience was disheartening. I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground. I was a boy born with brain damage. My family managed to find good doctors where we lived, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia, and I took part in clinical trials testing new treatments. Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky. Still, I couldn’t do some things growing up. Both hands shook, especially when I was nervous or embarrassed. My left hand was much worse than my right, so I learned to write and do simple tasks with my right hand, but it wasn’t easy to do anything precisely. As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. That’s how I came into the field of biology. At university, I enjoyed the lectures in my science classes. Many lab tasks proved impossible, however. As I struggled with my mood, I read a book about depression. From then on, the physiology of mental disorders became my scientific passion. I looked into what was being done locally and was excited to discover a lab that did behavioral experiments in rats to study depression. At the end of my second year, I approached the professor of the lab to see whether I could work with her. I was afraid to admit I couldn’t do some lab tasks. To my relief, she was completely supportive. She set me to work performing behavioral experiments for others in the lab with the help of colleagues. I loved the supportive atmosphere and stayed there to complete my master’s and Ph.D. I’ve come to realize that my hands aren’t the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, I’ve been able to follow my passions. I’ve also realized that there’s much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but I’m fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science. 24. What was the author’s dream? A To live a normal life. B. To become a scientist. C. To get a master’s degree. D. To recover from depression. 25. The author said he was lucky in Paragraph 2 because . A. he didn’t lose the function of both hands B. he learned how to walk at the age of one C. his family could afford to see good doctors D. his brain damage didn’t affect his intellectual capacity 26. From the passage, it is clear that . A. the author’s own depression inspired him to help others with mental disorders B. the author was surrounded by a team who urged him to further his study C. the author’s loneliness moved him towards the world of biology D the author finally finished the lab tasks on his own 27. What message does the author want to express? A. Loving yourself makes a difference. B. Opportunity follows prepared people. C. A bright future begins with a small dream. D. The sun somehow shines through the storm. C GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them. Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness（认真）and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once towards the end of each volunteer’s time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job. When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious. That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers. Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration. 28. Which of the following can best replace “beckoned for” in Paragraph 2? A. Examined. B. Attracted. C. Organized. D. Recognized. 29. What can we learn from the research? A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities. B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience. C. Working straight after school narrows people’s minds. D. College students pride themselves on their education. 30. According to the last two paragraphs, . A. college students enjoy a very good public image B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitude C. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the finding? A. Concerned. B. Optimistic. C. Unclear. D. Sceptical. D When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives. Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic (算法的) age. But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel’s mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI’s capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination. A principle of privacy rules is “minimisation”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and gender. Ms. Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes. Ms. Lobel’s call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy (正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates a loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency (透明) over algorithmic decisions. The problems with algorithmic formulae (公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AI. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong,” runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.” Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, in the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature. The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae—in other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a reasonable one.” Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “It’s always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.” 32. Ms Lobel intends to convey that ________. A. minimisation is a good privacy rule to go by B. algorithms are currently challenged by data privacy C. employing more personal data should be encouraged D. identifying algorithms’ problems leads to better outcomes 33 What can we learn about “Hawkmoth Effect”? A. It develops from Butterfly Effect. B. It emphasizes accuracy of original data. C. It enjoys popularity in climate research field. D. It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. The Algorithm’s Prospect. B. The Algorithm’s Mercy. C. The Algorithm’s Complexity. D. The Algorithm’s Recognition. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Bad News for the Highly Intelligent There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events. ____35____ In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders. To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. ___36___This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. ___37___ The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. ___38___All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ___39___ In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being. A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people. B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case. C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse. D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages. E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious. F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ. G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 40. What is empathy? 41. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 43. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。你校国际部将举办“英文戏剧节”活动，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人写一封英文申请信，内容包括： 1.表达对活动的看法； 2.说明申请的理由。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$