（复习部分）专题01 时态-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（鲁教版五四制）

专题01 时态 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知，聚焦中考，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 动词时态概述：动词时态（Verb Tense）用于表示动作或状态发生的时间（过去、现在、将来）及其体貌（一般、进行、完成），反映动作的持续性、完成性等状态。根据2022版《义务教育英语课程标准》初中阶段重点掌握六种时态。 动词时态 ( 考点一 一般现在时 ) 一、用法 1.用来表示现在的状态，特征。 如：He works in a big company. The book is very interesting. 2.表示习惯性和经常发生的动作。 如：I often go to bed at 9∶30 3. 表示普遍事实或客观真理。 如，The earth moves around the sun. 4.在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示将要发生的动作，即“主将从现”原则。 如，If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will leave. 二、标志词 1.always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等频度副词。 如，They usually go to school by bike. 2.once a year, twice a week, every year/day/week等。 如，He writes to his father twice a month. 三、谓语动词的构成形式 主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（三单）+----. 【注意】是动词原形还是三单取决于主语，当主语是第三人称单数（he,she,it等）时,谓语动词为三单，反之，则为动词原形。 如，He plays basketball every day. I have noodles for breakfast. 动词原形变单三记住六个字母：s,es, ies.具体说， 1）一般情况直接在动词后加s,如，work- works, stay – stays 2）以s,x,ch,sh o,结尾的加es，如，watch- watches,finish- finishes 3）以辅音字母加y结尾加，如 study - studies 四、.句式变化 变疑问句，否定句时，当谓语是行为动词时，要用助动词do/does，可以总结为如下公式： 一般疑问句：Do/Does + 主语+动词原形+---？ 如，--- Do they live in Beijing?--- Yes, they do. No, they don’t. ---Does he write to his father twice a week? --- Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t 否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+---. 如，They don’t usually go to school by bus. 1.（2024年德州中考真题选词填空改编） To our joy, his work shows how science ___ ___ （help）protect the earth and make life better for ever. 2.（2023年东营动词填空节选）“Yeah, and the tree is old and beautiful. It helps keep our air clean. It also ________ (give) us shade (树荫) from the sun,” Alex said. 3.（2022年东营动词填空节选）“Oh, honey, I’m sorry. I will be pretty upset too if I ________ (feel) left out. Maybe Jenny knew that you wouldn’t like what they were going to do,” Mom suggested. “Why don’t you talk with Jenny on Monday?” ( 考点二 一般过去时 ) 一、用法 1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 如，I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。 2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频率的副词连用, 但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。 He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。 二、标志词 通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。 三、谓语动词的构成形式 主语+动词的过去式+---。过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化（见不规则变化表）。 规则变化主要是加ed,具体变化如下： 1.一般情况加ed， 如，stay - stayed 2.词尾有e的加d，如，like – liked 3.重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母（辅-元-辅），先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed.如， stop - stopped 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-ed. 如， study - studied 四、句式变化 变疑问句，否定句时，当谓语是行为动词时，要用助动词did，可以总结为如下公式： 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+动词原形+---？ 如，--- Did they live in Beijing last year? ---Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. 否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+---. They didn’t go to bed until 10:00 yesterday night. 1.（2023年滨州中考单选）—Can he get the first prize in the race? —He _____ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It's impossible now. A. will expect to do B. is expected doing C. has expected doing D. was expected to do 2.（2023年北京中考单选）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023. A. return B. returned C. will return D. have returned 3.（2022年东营动词填空）It was around 3 o’clock p.m. on Sunday. Gina 1）________ (play) basketball with her brother Bill outside when she saw a car stop in front of Jenny’s house. Jenny jumped out of the car, and Gina could hear a lot of voices laughing and saying goodbye to Jenny. The car 2）________ (drive) away and Jenny jumped to her front door. Gina felt terribly uncomfortable, and her eyes started to water. “Hey, what’s wrong?” Bill asked. “Nothing. I don’t want to play anymore.” Gina stormed inside and slammed (砰地关上) the door. She went straight to her room. Gina 3）________ (hear) Bill talking to her mom in the living room, but she didn’t want to talk to anyone. ( 考点三 一般将来时 ) 1.用法 1) 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2) “be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事, 这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。例如: She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她买了一些布, 准备为自己做一件连衣裙。 2.标志词 常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next week/spring/---, in+一段时间 （一段时间之后）。如， What will happen in 100 years? 3.构成 1) will +动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形) 2) be(am, is, are)going to +动词原形 3）be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来， 如，I'm coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。 1.（2023年北京中考单选） If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there. A. have B. had C. will have D. have had 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空节选）“I have a good idea!” said Alex. “I can make a chart showing him when leaves fall. And we can promise him that we ________ (help) clean the leaves in the future!” ( 考点四 现在进行时 ) 1.用法：用于表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作（动作尚未结束）。如， They are watching TV now. 他们现在正在看电视。 Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 听! 鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 2.标志词：常见的时间状语有now, at the moment等。如果句首有提示性动词look, listen等, 主句也用现在进行时。如， Look , they are dacing happily. 3.构成： 主语+ is/am/are + ving +--- ving的构成形式： 1）一般情况下直接加-ing，如 study – studying 2) 以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的，去e加-ing，如，make – making. 3) 重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing. 如,swim – swimming. 1.（2023年北京中考单选）. —Lucy what are you doing? —I ________ a model ship. A. make B. made C. am making D. was making 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空）“Alex! Jen! It’s time for dinner!” Mom called. “Mom! We ____31____ (make) a treehouse! Wait a minute!” Alex shouted. ( 考点五 现在完成时 ) 1.构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词 （have/has + been + ving） 2.用法：现在完成时的用法主要有两个。 1）已完成性用法：过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 常用的时间状语有：already(多用于肯定句), yet(多用于否定句和疑问句), ever, never, just,before等。 如，I haven't had my breakfast yet. so I'm hungry now. I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容) 2）持续性用法（现在完成进行时）：用来表达某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在（动作没有结束）。 常和一段时间状语连用：for + 时间段， since + 过去时间点或从句（从句时态：一般过去时）；by now, so far， in the past/ last + 一段时间。 如，I've studied ( have been studying)English for two years. = I've studied( have been studying) English since two years ago. Lucy has played(has been playing) the piano since she was seven years old. I have changed a lot in the last three years. 【注意】在持续性用法里面，谓语动词多为延续性动词。 延续性动词与瞬间动词 延续性动词表示的动作是一种延续性动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。瞬间动词也称非延续性动词，终止性动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生，立即结束，产生某种结果，有了某种结果后就不能在延续下去。 瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用，要和一段时间状语连用必须把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。 常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词之间的转换: buy --- have , borrow --- keep, join --- be in, begin --- be on , leave --- be away (from), die ---be dead, open ---be open, close ---be closed, catch/get a cold ---have a cold, get married---be married. 如， ［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks. I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。 I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。 My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。 My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。 1.（2023年青岛中考真题单选） My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use. A. unless B. since C. if D. when 2.（2023年北京中考真题单选） Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science. A. is learning B. was learning C. will learn D. has learned 3.（2024年德州中考真题选词填空改编）In order to find the best grass and herbs (草药) for helping the grasslands in Zhangwu Couty grow back, Lyu ______ （study） more than 400 different plants till now. ( 考点六 过去进行时 ) 1.用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。(动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明) 如， ---What were you doing at eight last night? ---I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday. 2.构成：主语+was/ were +ving +--- 3.标志词和句型： 1.过去某一时刻：具体时刻+大的过去时间，如，at this time last night； at 9：00 yesterday 1）What were you doing at eight last night? 2）I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday. 2.句型 1）when 从句：一般过去时，主句：过去进行时 2）while从句：过去进行时， 主句：一般过去时或过去进行时。如， I was writing a letter when my mother came in. While I was writing, my mother came in. 【注意】延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时, 另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。while 从句动词多为延续性动词，when从句即可用延续性动词也可用瞬间动词。如，My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行, 不考虑动作的先后顺序, 主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时, 连词常用while。例如: The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 1.（2023年菏泽中考真题单选） —Tina, I called you just now but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower. A. am taking B. was taking C. has taken 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空） Everyone agreed. The next day, the whole family went to visit Mr Morris. At that time, he ____38____ (clean) the yard. 1.—Sorry, I can't hear you clearly. I _____ a football match. —OK. I'll ring you up later. A. Watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching 2. I didn’t see your father yesterday when I went to your house, 2 -- Oh, he strawberries on the farm. A. picks B. picked C. was picking D. has picked 3.﹣Oh，no! We are too late．The train _____． ﹣Well，we'll have to catch the next train to Beijing． A． leaves B．left C．will leave D．has left 3.﹣I'11 go for a picnic if it _____tomorrow．Will you go with me？ ﹣Yes，of course． A．doesn't rain B．isn't raining C．won't rain D．didn't rain 4.With the development of science and technology，robot cooks ______ in our families in the future． A．appear B．appeared C．will appear D．is appearing 5.﹣Look at my new smart phone． Wow，its so cool! When and where you it？． A．.do，buy B．have，bought C．did，buy D．have，had 6.A little effort every day, you ______ a big difference. A. makes B. made C. have made D. will make 7.New media, like WeChat, _______ the way of communications nowadays. A. are changing B. will change C. changed D. were changing 8.—When will Sally and Carol arrive? —I don't know. I have here for half an hour. A. come B. left C. waited D. arrived 9. ―Has Linda washed the clothes? —No, she hasn't. She it after she finishes her homework. A. did B. has done C. will do D. was doing 10. My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. You _____ the changes if you come. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen 11. It is 4:30 pm. Ben and Leon _______ their work, so they are playing chess now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish 12.﹣This is a really old bike． ﹣Yes，I____it for seven years． A．have had B．have bought C．bought D.will buy 13.—Have you ever ______ to Caozhou Peony Garden? —Yes, I ______ there last year. A. been; went B. gone; went C. been; gone D. was , was 14 —Didn’t you hear Dad call you? —No, I didn’t. I ______ with Jack on the phone. A. am talking B. would talk C. have talked D. was talking 15.—Let's go for a walk. —But I ________ my work yet. A. don't finish B. won't finish C. didn't finish D. haven't finished 真题感知 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选）At this time, Ben Price, a policeman from Little Rock, walked inside the bank hall. He told the clerk that he was just waiting for a man he ______ (know). 2.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选） “Ralph, the child can’t stand it long in there. There isn’t enough air, and besides, she ___ __ (die) of fear. What shall we do?” 3.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选）Guess you’re mistaken, sir,” he said. “I don’t think we’ve met each other before. Your carriage _____ (wait) for you, isn’t it?” 4.（2023年济南市阅读填空节选）I ________ (know) they were right, so I decided I would get one by myself. 5.（2023年济南市阅读填空节选）This experience teaches me what it means to work hard and I _______ (learn) that you must be careful with the things you have, because they take a lot of hard work 6.（2024年济宁综合填空节选）In Xi’an, there is a restaurant owner named Xiong Wencheng. He _______ (offer) the “No.6 combo”—a free meal, to help people in need for three years. 7.（2024年济宁综合填空节选）Even if 20 people ask for it, it ________ (cost) 160 yuan. Besides the “No. 6 combo”, the restaurant has been serving free breakfast to street sanitation workers (环卫工人) since 2015 8.（2023年青岛词汇运用改编) —Have you decided on the project for your science club? —Yes, we ________（choose） “Sea Animals” as our research project already. 9. Every year, our city ________（provide） books and school things for the children in mountain villages. 10 —Where is your brother? —He ________(look through) the Internet pages for information about how to make zongzi. 二、动词填空（2024年东营中考真题） 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。 While I was going through the forest. I fell on the ground. Ouch! That hurt. Then a voice said, “Are you all right? You ____1____ badly ________ (not hurt), are you?” I looked up and saw a boy of my age. “No, I’m OK, Thanks.” He helped me up. “I haven’t seen you at school. Do you live near here?” I asked. “No. I’m from Manchester,” with these words, the boy hurried away. Back home, Mum ____2____ (watch) the news. “Hi, Grace ____3____ you ________ (hear) about this boy, Mark?” she asked. “No. What boy?” I said. “A boy from Manchester. He’s run away from home. Look! This is his dad.” There was a man on TV sitting next to a policeman. He was crying. Then they showed a photo of the missing boy. It was the boy in the forest! “Should I tell mum? No. I ____4____ (not say) anything. I have to talk to Mark first.” I said to myself. The next day, I found Mark in the forest. I said, “Your dad was on TV last night. The police ____5____ (look) for you.” He looked shocked and asked, “Have you told them?” “No.” I said, “I wanted ____6____ (talk) to you first. Why have you run away?” He said sadly. “I argued with my dad. My mum died four years ago. Recently, my dad met a woman named Mel. Mel wants my dad for herself and isn’t interested in me. That night, Father ____7____ (tell) me that we would all move to London because Mel’s from London. But my grandpa and my friends ____8____ (be) in Manchester. I don’t want to move there. We both got angry. So I left in the midnight.” I felt sorry for Mark. But when I thought of his dad crying on TV. I am sorry for him too. “What ____9____ you ________ (do)?” I asked. “I don’t know.” he replied. “Why not live with your grandpa in Manchester? Let your dad and Mel ____10____ (move) to London and visit them in the holidays.” Mark didn’t answer for a while. then he nodded and smiled. “Can I use your phone? I need to call my dad.” 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 时态 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知，聚焦中考，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 动词时态概述：动词时态（Verb Tense）用于表示动作或状态发生的时间（过去、现在、将来）及其体貌（一般、进行、完成），反映动作的持续性、完成性等状态。根据2022版《义务教育英语课程标准》初中阶段重点掌握六种时态。 动词时态 ( 考点一 一般现在时 ) 一、用法 1.用来表示现在的状态，特征。 如：He works in a big company. The book is very interesting. 2.表示习惯性和经常发生的动作。 如：I often go to bed at 9∶30 3. 表示普遍事实或客观真理。 如，The earth moves around the sun. 4.在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示将要发生的动作，即“主将从现”原则。 如，If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will leave. 二、标志词 1.always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等频度副词。 如，They usually go to school by bike. 2.once a year, twice a week, every year/day/week等。 如，He writes to his father twice a month. 三、谓语动词的构成形式 主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（三单）+----. 【注意】是动词原形还是三单取决于主语，当主语是第三人称单数（he,she,it等）时,谓语动词为三单，反之，则为动词原形。 如，He plays basketball every day. I have noodles for breakfast. 动词原形变单三记住六个字母：s,es, ies.具体说， 1）一般情况直接在动词后加s,如，work- works, stay – stays 2）以s,x,ch,sh o,结尾的加es，如，watch- watches,finish- finishes 3）以辅音字母加y结尾加，如 study - studies 四、.句式变化 变疑问句，否定句时，当谓语是行为动词时，要用助动词do/does，可以总结为如下公式： 一般疑问句：Do/Does + 主语+动词原形+---？ 如，--- Do they live in Beijing?--- Yes, they do. No, they don’t. ---Does he write to his father twice a week? --- Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t 否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+---. 如，They don’t usually go to school by bus. 1.（2024年德州中考真题选词填空改编） To our joy, his work shows how science ___ ___ （help）protect the earth and make life better for ever. 【答案】helps 【解析】.句意：令我们高兴的是，他的作品展示了科学如何帮助保护地球，让生活永远更美好。根据“ his work shows how science...protect the earth”可知，此处应选择动词help表示“帮助”。主语science是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单。故填helps。 2.（2023年东营动词填空节选）“Yeah, and the tree is old and beautiful. It helps keep our air clean. It also ________ (give) us shade (树荫) from the sun,” Alex said. 【答案】gives 【解析】句意：它也给我们遮阳。根据前一句的“helps”可知，此句用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填gives。 3.（2022年东营动词填空节选）“Oh, honey, I’m sorry. I will be pretty upset too if I ________ (feel) left out. Maybe Jenny knew that you wouldn’t like what they were going to do,” Mom suggested. “Why don’t you talk with Jenny on Monday?” 【答案】feel 【解析】.句意:如果我感觉被忽视，我也将会相当沮丧，符合“主将从现”，即主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时，故填feel。 ( 考点二 一般过去时 ) 一、用法 1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 如，I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。 2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频率的副词连用, 但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。 He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。 二、标志词 通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。 三、谓语动词的构成形式 主语+动词的过去式+---。过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化（见不规则变化表）。 规则变化主要是加ed,具体变化如下： 1.一般情况加ed， 如，stay - stayed 2.词尾有e的加d，如，like – liked 3.重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母（辅-元-辅），先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed.如， stop - stopped 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-ed. 如， study - studied 四、句式变化 变疑问句，否定句时，当谓语是行为动词时，要用助动词did，可以总结为如下公式： 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+动词原形+---？ 如，--- Did they live in Beijing last year? ---Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. 否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+---. They didn’t go to bed until 10:00 yesterday night. 1.（2023年滨州中考单选）—Can he get the first prize in the race? —He _____ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It's impossible now. A. will expect to do B. is expected doing C. has expected doing D. was expected to do 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他之前被期望能在比赛中获一等奖，用一般过去时的被动语态was expected to do。 2.（2023年北京中考单选）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023. A. return B. returned C. will return D. have returned 【答案】B 【解析】.句意：神舟15号宇航员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球。 考查时态。根据“on June 4, 2023”可知是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式returned。故选B。 3.（2022年东营动词填空）It was around 3 o’clock p.m. on Sunday. Gina 1）________ (play) basketball with her brother Bill outside when she saw a car stop in front of Jenny’s house. Jenny jumped out of the car, and Gina could hear a lot of voices laughing and saying goodbye to Jenny. The car 2）________ (drive) away and Jenny jumped to her front door. Gina felt terribly uncomfortable, and her eyes started to water. “Hey, what’s wrong?” Bill asked. “Nothing. I don’t want to play anymore.” Gina stormed inside and slammed (砰地关上) the door. She went straight to her room. Gina 3）________ (hear) Bill talking to her mom in the living room, but she didn’t want to talk to anyone. 1）【答案】was playing 【解析】 语境，句子开头明确时间为“周日下午3点左右”（具体时间点），且从句由when引导（“when she saw a car stop”）。过去进行时，故填was playing 2）【答案】. drove 【解析】 语境：本句描述两个并列的过去动作：“汽车开走”和“Jenny跳向前门”（drove away and Jenny jumped）。 - 时态逻辑： 一般过去时，故填drove。 3）【答案】. heard 【解析】语境，Gina“听到”Bill和妈妈在客厅说话，且后半句为“她不想和任何人说话”（过去时态）。 -用一般过去时，故填heard。 ( 考点三 一般将来时 ) 1.用法 1) 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2) “be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事, 这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。例如: She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她买了一些布, 准备为自己做一件连衣裙。 2.标志词 常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next week/spring/---, in+一段时间 （一段时间之后）。如， What will happen in 100 years? 3.构成 1) will +动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形) 2) be(am, is, are)going to +动词原形 3）be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来， 如，I'm coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。 1.（2023年北京中考单选） If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there. A. have B. had C. will have D. have had 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你会玩得很开心的。 考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故选C。 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空节选）“I have a good idea!” said Alex. “I can make a chart showing him when leaves fall. And we can promise him that we ________ (help) clean the leaves in the future!” 2.【答案】will help ( 考点 四 现在进行时 )句意：我们可以向他保证，以后我们会帮助清理树叶！根据“in the future”可知，此处用一般将来时will do的结构，故填will help。 1.用法：用于表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作（动作尚未结束）。如， They are watching TV now. 他们现在正在看电视。 Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 听! 鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 2.标志词：常见的时间状语有now, at the moment等。如果句首有提示性动词look, listen等, 主句也用现在进行时。如， Look , they are dacing happily. 3.构成： 主语+ is/am/are + ving +--- ving的构成形式： 1）一般情况下直接加-ing，如 study – studying 2) 以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的，去e加-ing，如，make – making. 3) 重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing. 如,swim – swimming. 1.（2023年北京中考单选）. —Lucy what are you doing? —I ________ a model ship. A. make B. made C. am making D. was making 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——露西，你在干什么？——我正在制作一个轮船模型。 考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing?”可知句子应用现在进行时来回答，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+现在分词。故选C。 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空）“Alex! Jen! It’s time for dinner!” Mom called. “Mom! We ____31____ (make) a treehouse! Wait a minute!” Alex shouted. .【答案】are making 【解析】句意：我们正在做一个树屋。根据“Wait a minute”可知，正在做树屋，所以说等一会，用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，主语we是复数形式，助动词用are，故填are making。 ( 考点五 现在完成时 ) 1.构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词 （have/has + been + ving） 2.用法：现在完成时的用法主要有两个。 1）已完成性用法：过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 常用的时间状语有：already(多用于肯定句), yet(多用于否定句和疑问句), ever, never, just,before等。 如，I haven't had my breakfast yet. so I'm hungry now. I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容) 2）持续性用法（现在完成进行时）：用来表达某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在（动作没有结束）。 常和一段时间状语连用：for + 时间段， since + 过去时间点或从句（从句时态：一般过去时）；by now, so far， in the past/ last + 一段时间。 如，I've studied ( have been studying)English for two years. = I've studied( have been studying) English since two years ago. Lucy has played(has been playing) the piano since she was seven years old. I have changed a lot in the last three years. 【注意】在持续性用法里面，谓语动词多为延续性动词。 延续性动词与瞬间动词 延续性动词表示的动作是一种延续性动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。瞬间动词也称非延续性动词，终止性动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生，立即结束，产生某种结果，有了某种结果后就不能在延续下去。 瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用，要和一段时间状语连用必须把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。 常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词之间的转换: buy --- have , borrow --- keep, join --- be in, begin --- be on , leave --- be away (from), die ---be dead, open ---be open, close ---be closed, catch/get a cold ---have a cold, get married---be married. 如， ［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks. I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。 I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。 My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。 My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。 1.（2023年青岛中考真题单选） My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use. A. unless B. since C. if D. when 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡改变了很多。考查连词辨析。unless除非；since自从；if如果；when当……时候。根据“My hometown has changed a lot ... the subway was put into use.”可知从句是一般过去时，主句是现在完成时，用since引导时间状语从句。故选B。 2.（2023年北京中考真题单选） Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science. A. is learning B. was learning C. will learn D. has learned 1. 【答案】D 【解析】句意：自从Eric对科学感兴趣以来，他已经学习了很多东西。 考查现在完成时。根据“since he became interested in science”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。故选D。 3.（2024年德州中考真题选词填空改编）In order to find the best grass and herbs (草药) for helping the grasslands in Zhangwu Couty grow back, Lyu ______ （study） more than 400 different plants till now. 【答案】has studied 【解析】.句意：为了找到最好的草和草药来帮助彰武县的草原恢复生长，吕至今研究了400多种不同的植物。根据“He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well. ”可知，他研究了400多种植物。study“研究”，时间状语是“till now”，时态应为现在完成时，主语是he，现在完成时的结构为has+过去分词。故填has studied。 ( 考点六 过去进行时 ) 1.用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。(动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明) 如， ---What were you doing at eight last night? ---I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday. 2.构成：主语+was/ were +ving +--- 3.标志词和句型： 1.过去某一时刻：具体时刻+大的过去时间，如，at this time last night； at 9：00 yesterday 1）What were you doing at eight last night? 2）I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday. 2.句型 1）when 从句：一般过去时，主句：过去进行时 2）while从句：过去进行时， 主句：一般过去时或过去进行时。如， I was writing a letter when my mother came in. While I was writing, my mother came in. 【注意】延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时, 另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。while 从句动词多为延续性动词，when从句即可用延续性动词也可用瞬间动词。如，My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行, 不考虑动作的先后顺序, 主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时, 连词常用while。例如: The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 1.（2023年菏泽中考真题单选） —Tina, I called you just now but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower. A. am taking B. was taking C. has taken 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——蒂娜，我刚才打电话给你，但没人接。——哦，我在洗澡。 考查时态。根据“I called you just now but nobody answered”可知此处指打电话的时候正在洗澡，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空） Everyone agreed. The next day, the whole family went to visit Mr Morris. At that time, he ____38____ (clean) the yard. .【答案】was cleaning 【解析】句意：那时，他正在打扫院子。根据“At that time”可知，此处用过去进行时“was/were doing”的结构，主语he是第三人称单数形式，助动词用was，故填was cleaning。 1.—Sorry, I can't hear you clearly. I _____ a football match. —OK. I'll ring you up later. A. Watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching 【答案】C 【解析】根据“Sorry, I can't hear you clearly.”可知，“我”正在看足球比赛，用现在进行时am watching。 2. I didn’t see your father yesterday when I went to your house, 2 -- Oh, he strawberries on the farm. A. picks B. picked C. was picking D. has picked 【答案】C 【解析】。本题考查过去进行时的用法。 - 句意为“我昨天去你家的时候没看到你爸爸”，答语“他当时正在农场摘草莓”，强调在过去某个具体时间点（昨天我去你家的时候）正在进行的动作，所以要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。 - 选项A是一般现在时，选项B是一般过去时，选项D是现在完成时，均不符合语境。he是第三人称单数，所以用was picking，故答案选C。 3.﹣Oh，no! We are too late．The train _____． ﹣Well，we'll have to catch the next train to Beijing． A． leaves B．left C．will leave D．has left 【答案】D 【解析】根据“We are too late.”可知火车已经开走了，对现在造成的结果是“我们得坐下一趟火车去北京”，所以用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语The train是第三人称单数，用has left，故选D。 3.﹣I'11 go for a picnic if it _____tomorrow．Will you go with me？ ﹣Yes，of course． A．doesn't rain B．isn't raining C．won't rain D．didn't rain 【答案】A 【解析】if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。it是第三人称单数，rain是实意动词，否定句借助助动词doesn't，后接动词原形，所以选A。 4.With the development of science and technology，robot cooks ______ in our families in the future． A．appear B．appeared C．will appear D．is appearing 【答案】C 【解析】根据“in the future”可知表示将来的动作，用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，所以选C。 5.﹣Look at my new smart phone． Wow，its so cool! When and where you it？． A．.do，buy B．have，bought C．did，buy D．have，had 【答案】C 【解析】根据﹣Look at my new smart phone，可知看看我的新智能手机，从这里可以推断手机已经买来了，再问什么时候在哪里买的，时态方面就应该用一般过去时，buy是个实意动词，这里应该加助动词did．故选C． 6.A little effort every day, you ______ a big difference. A. makes B. made C. have made D. will make 【答案】D 【解析】“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中，陈述句常用一般将来时，表示“如果……就会……”。这里是说每天努力一点，就会有很大的不同，所以用will make，选D。 7.New media, like WeChat, _______ the way of communications nowadays. A. are changing B. will change C. changed D. were changing 【答案】A 【解析】根据“nowadays”可知表示现在的情况，新媒体正在改变交流方式，用现在进行时，结构为“be+现在分词”，主语New media是复数，be动词用are，所以选A。 8.—When will Sally and Carol arrive? —I don't know. I have here for half an hour. A. come B. left C. waited D. arrived 【答案】C 【解析】根据“for half an hour”可知，这里需要用延续性动词，come、left、arrived都是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，wait是延续性动词，“wait here for half an hour”表示“在这里等了半个小时”，故选C。 9. ―Has Linda washed the clothes? —No, she hasn't. She it after she finishes her homework. A. did B. has done C. will do D. was doing 【答案】C 【解析】根据“after she finishes her homework”可知，洗衣服这个动作还没有发生，要用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，所以选C。 10. My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. You _____ the changes if you come. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen 【答案】C 【解析】这是一个含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，所以选C。 11. It is 4:30 pm. Ben and Leon _______ their work, so they are playing chess now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish 【答案】C 【解析】根据“so they are playing chess now”可知，本和利昂现在在玩象棋，说明他们已经完成了工作，对现在造成的影响是可以玩了，用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语Ben and Leon是复数，用have finished，故选C。 12.﹣This is a really old bike． ﹣Yes，I____it for seven years． A．have had B．have bought C．bought D.will buy 【答案】A 【解析】根据“for seven years”可知，要用现在完成时，且buy是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，have是延续性动词，“have had”表示“拥有”，可以和一段时间连用，所以选A。 13.—Have you ever ______ to Caozhou Peony Garden? —Yes, I ______ there last year. A. been; went B. gone; went C. been; gone D. was , was 【答案】A 【解析】“have been to”表示“去过某地（已回来）”，“have gone to”表示“去了某地（还没回来）”，根据语境可知是问是否去过曹州牡丹园，用“have been to”；第二空根据“last year”可知用一般过去时，go的过去式是went，故选A。 14 —Didn’t you hear Dad call you? —No, I didn’t. I ______ with Jack on the phone. A. am talking B. would talk C. have talked D. was talking 【答案】D 【解析】根据“Didn't you hear Dad call you?”可知，这里是说爸爸叫的时候正在和杰克打电话，强调在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语I用was，所以选D。 15.—Let's go for a walk. —But I ________ my work yet. A. don't finish B. won't finish C. didn't finish D. haven't finished 【答案】D 【解析】 根据“yet”可知，这里要用现在完成时的否定形式，结构为“haven't/hasn't+过去分词”，主语I用haven't，所以选D。表示“我还没有完成我的工作”。 真题感知 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选）At this time, Ben Price, a policeman from Little Rock, walked inside the bank hall. He told the clerk that he was just waiting for a man he ______ (know). 【答案】knew 【解析】句意：他告诉店员他只是在等一个他认识的人。由“told”可知，句子为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故填knew。 2.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选） “Ralph, the child can’t stand it long in there. There isn’t enough air, and besides, she ___ __ (die) of fear. What shall we do?” 【答案】will die 【解析】句意：“拉尔夫，这孩子在里面受不了太久。空气不够，再说，她会吓死的。我们怎么办呢？”由“There isn’t enough air, and besides, she…of fear”可知，叙述的事情还未发生，应用一般将来时，其结构为：will+动词原形。故填will die。 3.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选）Guess you’re mistaken, sir,” he said. “I don’t think we’ve met each other before. Your carriage _____ (wait) for you, isn’t it?” 【答案】is waiting 【解析】句意：“我想你弄错了，先生，”他说。“我想我们以前没有见过面。你的马车在等着你，是吗？”由“Your carriage…for you, isn’t it”可知，此处指你的马车正在等待你，应用现在进行时，其结构为：am/is/are+现在分词。故填is waiting。 4.（2023年济南市阅读填空节选）I ________ (know) they were right, so I decided I would get one by myself. 【答案】knew 【解析】句意：我知道他们是对的，所以我决定自己买一个。本句时态是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。故填knew。 5.（2023年济南市阅读填空节选）This experience teaches me what it means to work hard and I _______ (learn) that you must be careful with the things you have, because they take a lot of hard work 【答案】have learned/have learnt/learn 【解析】.句意：这段经历教会了我努力工作的意义，我学会了你必须小心对待你拥有的东西，因为它们需要付出很多努力。根据“This experience teaches me what it means to work hard and I...that you must be careful with the things you have”可知，本句可用现在完成时强调动作已经发生，或用一般现在时强调现在，主语是I，助动词是have，动词用原形。故填have learned/have learnt/learn。 6.（2024年济宁综合填空节选）In Xi’an, there is a restaurant owner named Xiong Wencheng. He _______ (offer) the “No.6 combo”—a free meal, to help people in need for three years. 【答案】has been offering 【解析】句意：三年来，他一直在提供“套餐六”——免费餐，以帮助有需要的人。根据“for three years”可知，此处是强调三年来这个动作一直在进行，应用现在完成进行时：have/has been doing。主语是三单，助动词用has。故填has been offering。 7.（2024年济宁综合填空节选）Even if 20 people ask for it, it ________ (cost) 160 yuan. Besides the “No. 6 combo”, the restaurant has been serving free breakfast to street sanitation workers (环卫工人) since 2015 【答案】will cost 【解析】.句意：即使20个人要，也要花160元。根据“Even if 20 people ask for it, it...(cost) 160 yuan.”可知，Even if引导让步状语从句时，如果主从句动作都尚未发生，则遵循“主将从现”原则，即空处所在句子是一般将来时(will do)。故填will cost。 8.（2023年青岛词汇运用改编) —Have you decided on the project for your science club? —Yes, we ________（choose） “Sea Animals” as our research project already. 【答案】have chosen 【解析】句意：——你决定好科学俱乐部的项目了吗？——是的，我们已经选择了“海洋动物”作为我们的研究项目。根据“Have you decided on the project for your science club?”可推出决定选择“海洋生物”做研究项目，choose“选择”，结合“already”可知用现在完成时，we后接助动词have，choose的过去分词形式chosen。故填have chosen。 9. Every year, our city ________（provide） books and school things for the children in mountain villages. 【答案】provides 【解析】句意：每年，我市都会为山村里的孩子们提供书籍和学习用品。provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”，结合“Every year”可知用一般现在时，主语“our city”是单数，谓语用动词第三人称单数形式。故填provides。 10 —Where is your brother? —He ________(look through) the Internet pages for information about how to make zongzi. 【答案】is looking through 【解析】句意：——你哥哥在哪里？——他正在上网浏览有关如何包粽子的信息。根据“the Internet pages for information about how to make zongzi”可推出是在网上浏览关于如何包粽子的信息，look through“浏览”，结合“Where is your brother?”可知介绍正在做什么，用现在进行时，主语“he”后接be动词is。故填is looking through。 二、动词填空（2024年东营中考真题） 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。 While I was going through the forest. I fell on the ground. Ouch! That hurt. Then a voice said, “Are you all right? You ____1____ badly ________ (not hurt), are you?” I looked up and saw a boy of my age. “No, I’m OK, Thanks.” He helped me up. “I haven’t seen you at school. Do you live near here?” I asked. “No. I’m from Manchester,” with these words, the boy hurried away. Back home, Mum ____2____ (watch) the news. “Hi, Grace ____3____ you ________ (hear) about this boy, Mark?” she asked. “No. What boy?” I said. “A boy from Manchester. He’s run away from home. Look! This is his dad.” There was a man on TV sitting next to a policeman. He was crying. Then they showed a photo of the missing boy. It was the boy in the forest! “Should I tell mum? No. I ____4____ (not say) anything. I have to talk to Mark first.” I said to myself. The next day, I found Mark in the forest. I said, “Your dad was on TV last night. The police ____5____ (look) for you.” He looked shocked and asked, “Have you told them?” “No.” I said, “I wanted ____6____ (talk) to you first. Why have you run away?” He said sadly. “I argued with my dad. My mum died four years ago. Recently, my dad met a woman named Mel. Mel wants my dad for herself and isn’t interested in me. That night, Father ____7____ (tell) me that we would all move to London because Mel’s from London. But my grandpa and my friends ____8____ (be) in Manchester. I don’t want to move there. We both got angry. So I left in the midnight.” I felt sorry for Mark. But when I thought of his dad crying on TV. I am sorry for him too. “What ____9____ you ________ (do)?” I asked. “I don’t know.” he replied. “Why not live with your grandpa in Manchester? Let your dad and Mel ____10____ (move) to London and visit them in the holidays.” Mark didn’t answer for a while. then he nodded and smiled. “Can I use your phone? I need to call my dad.” 【答案】1. aren’t；hurt 2. was watching 3. Have；heard 4. mustn’t say 5. are looking 6. to talk 7 told 8. are 9. are；going to do 10. move 解析 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者在森林中遇到了Mark，他因为与父亲争吵而离家出走，Mark的父亲在电视上寻找他，作者在得知后决定先和Mark谈谈，最后，作者给了Mark一些建议。 1.句意：你没有受重伤，是吗？根据“are you”可知陈述部分用be动词are，和not缩写成aren’t，作表语用形容词hurt“受伤的”。故填aren’t；hurt。 2.句意：妈妈在看新闻。根据“Back home”可知回到家的时候，妈妈正在看新闻，用过去进行时，主语是Mum，be动词用was。故填was watching。 3.句意：你听说过这个男孩吗？此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语是you，助动词用have，变疑问句时，把助动词have放主语之前，动词用过去分词heard。故填have；heard。 4.句意：我什么都不能说。根据“I have to talk to Mark first.”可知要先找Mark谈谈，所以什么都不能说，mustn’t“不能，禁止”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填mustn’t say。 5.句意：警察正在找你。根据“The police...for you”可知此处强调警察正在寻找，直接引语中用现在进行时，此处主语the police指代复数，be动词用are。故填are looking。 6.句意：我想先和你谈谈。want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填to talk。 7.句意：那天晚上，爸爸告诉我，我们都要搬到伦敦，因为梅尔来自伦敦。根据“That night”可知句子用过去时，动词用过去式told“告诉”。故填told。 8.句意：但我爷爷和我的朋友都在曼彻斯特。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are。 9.句意：你打算怎么办？根据“What...you...”可知此处询问他打算怎么办，直接引语中用一般将来时be going to do，主语是you，be动词用are，变疑问句时把be动词are放主语之前。故填are；going to do。 10.句意：让你爸爸和梅尔搬到伦敦。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填move。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$