内容正文:
2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义(人教版2019)
专题02非谓语动词绝杀技(形式功能拆解与避坑指南)
内容导航
思维导图: 图文结合,知识整合
考点聚焦:核心考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和重难点梳理,查漏补缺
高频考点:模拟新题+提升专练,全面突破
思维导图
考点聚焦
考点(一)
非谓语动词的形式与功能
考点(二)
非谓语动词避坑指南精讲
考点(三)
非谓语动词三大形式与考点突破
考点(四)
非谓语动词五种必背高分结构
考点(五)
非谓语动词解题技巧
考点(六)
非谓语动词模拟精练
重点速记
考点(一) 精讲非谓语动词的形式与功能
(一)动词不定式形式:
肯定式:to do
否定式:not to do
被动式:to be done
完成式:to have done(表动作先于谓语发生)
进行式:to be doing(表动作与谓语同时进行)
(二)动词不定式功能:
1、作主语:
It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
避坑点:对比动名词作主语;不定式侧重具体某次动作,动名词侧重习惯性、泛指的动作。
eg:To swim in the river this afternoon sounds great.(具体动作) Swimming is good exercise.(泛指习惯)
不定式作主语:
1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。
3.it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:
(1)It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.
形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。常用for sb作逻辑主语。
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
(2)It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.
赞扬、责备的形容词常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…
2、作状语
I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车
动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用in order to do,so as to do,to do等,但so as to do不能置于句首,可用so as to/in order to替换,译为:为了;想要
In order to pass the exam,he worked hard.为了通过考试,他努力学习。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语时常用于下列结构中,常表示出乎意料的结果:only to do;enough to do足够做……;too... to do... 太……而不能……;so/such... as to... 如此……以至于……
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.
(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。
这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,dangerous,heavy,good,important,impossible,surprised,astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
He was surprised to be informed of the news.
3、作定语:
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作业要做。(do homework)
She is looking for a room to live in.(live in the room,介词不可省略)
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
(2)序数词,形容词最高级,the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
eg: He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
(3) 被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。
常见名词:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
eg: The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
不定式作定语:
(1)常接不定式作定语的词有:chance,opportunity,ability,decision,right(权利),不定代词等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
(2)不定式作定语,修饰序数词等
She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
(4)接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词:
eg:Remember to lock the door when you leave.(未锁门)
I remember locking the door.(已锁门)
He stopped to have a rest.(停下手中的事去休息)
He stopped having a rest and went back to work.(停止休息)
4、作宾语:
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:
agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen to do…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…
We find it necessary to master German and French. ment.
易考点:
“疑问词+不定式” 结构 不定式前可加 what, how, when, where, whether 等疑问词,作宾语或表语。
eg:I don’t know what to do next.(作宾语)
eg:The problem is how to solve it.(作表语)
5、作宾补:
(1) 不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式表示将要发出的
主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
eg: He wants to go to school.他想去上学
Mother asks me to clean my room.妈妈让我打扫我的房间
(2)有些动词,如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
(3)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done结构中,不定式用作主语补足语。 eg: The president was reported to have visited China.
避坑点:被动语态中,省略的 to 必须还原带to,否则易失分。
误:He was made work 12 hours a day.
正:He was made to work 12 hours a day.
重难点:
在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
6、 作表语:
不定式作表语时:
(1)表示预定要发生的动作
(2)当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时,常用不定式作表语
(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时,表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
重点提示;
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用
一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。
(二)动名词精讲:
动名词形式为: doing
1、作定语:
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途,作 “ 供……用”讲,相当于介词 for 短语,常置于被修饰词前。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机
a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖
2、作主语:
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型:
It's a waste of time doing...
It's no use/good doing...
It is useless doing...
There is no point doing...
Reading is good for us.阅读对我们有好处
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
It's no use complaining without taking action.
3、 作表语
动名词作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.=Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
注意:remain作系动词时,意为“仍然是”时,后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语
但作不及物动词时,意为“尚待……;留待……”时,后常接to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
4、作宾语:常放在 enjoy, finish, mind 等动词后,She enjoys listening to music.她喜欢听音乐
(三)分词精讲:
包括现在分词 doing和过去分词 done
1、现在分词:表主动和进行
现在分词作定语时,The boy sitting there is my brother.坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟
“sitting there” 修饰 “boy”,表示主动和进行的动作
作状语时,可表时间、原因、伴随等,Walking in the street, I met an old friend.
我走在街上时,遇到了一位老朋友,表时间。
2、过去分词:表被动和完成
(1)过去分词作状语
eg: Given more time, I could do it better.如果给我更多时间,我能做得更好,表条件。
辨析分词作状语
现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。
常见的:located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的),
lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
过去分词做状语解题技巧:
A、作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
B、如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,就用过去分词形式(done)。
C、过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成。
D、带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.
E、选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系,如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
(2)过去分词作定语时
eg : a book written by Lu Xun一本由鲁迅写的书
“written by Lu Xun” 修饰 “book”,表被动
重难点:
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done);
表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing);
表示被动、进行用being done;
表示主动、尚未进行用to do;
表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。
试比较:1.The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.
2.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.
3.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.
4.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
过去分词做定语解题技巧
(1) 过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
(2)以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen leaf:落叶 the risen sun: 升起了的太阳
a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
过去分词做定语注意:
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
(3)分词作宾补
过去分词做定语解题技巧
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。
重点关注
(一)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:
1、have sth. done=get sth. done让别人做某事;
2、have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事;
3、get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事;
4、have sb. do sth. =get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。
(二)with的复合结构:
(1)with+宾语+doing表示主动,说明动作正在发生或经常发生
(2)with+宾语+done表示被动或完成
(3)with+宾语+to do表示将要发生的动作。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.
With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
(三)只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语:
admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外,have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ;have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim?
避坑指南
考点(二)非谓语动词避坑指南精讲
1.避免混淆主被动关系:
确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语,判断其与非谓语动词的主被动关系。
如 “________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.” 中,“the GPNP” 是 “cover” 的逻辑主语,是主动覆盖面积,应填 “Covering”,而不是 “Covered”。
注意一些特殊情况,如 “worth doing” 是固定搭配,用主动形式表被动意义,如 “The problem is worth discussing.”。
2.正确判断时态先后:
分析非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系。
如 “________ (finish) his homework, he went out to play.” 中,“完成作业” 发生在 “出去玩” 之前,要用完成式 “Having finished”。
记住一些固定结构,如 “whether to do” 表示 “是否要做某事”,“To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first.” 中不能用 “biting”。
3.区分谓语动词和非谓语动词:
一个句子中,如果已经有谓语动词,又没有连词连接其他动词,那么其他动词通常用非谓语形式。
如 “They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.” 中,没有连词,“represent” 是谓语动词,所以 “come” 要用非谓语形式,“the earth” 与 “come” 是主动关系,填 “coming”。
4.感官动词结构对比:
感官动词+宾语+do不定式:表示动作“全过程”
感官动词+宾语+doing分词:表示动作进行
被动式→be seen to do
使役动词变形法则:
主动态:make/have/let sb. do(不带to)
被动态:be made to do(必须加to)
注意:have sth. done(表被动)
5.易错点对比
(1) stop to do vs stop doing
The lecturer stopped to drink water. (停下讲课去喝水)
The lecturer stopped explaining when the bell rang. (停止讲解动作)
(2) have sb do vs have sth done
I’ll have the technician repair my laptop. (主动安排)
I’ll have my laptop repaired tomorrow. (被动委托)
6.注意独立主格结构:
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,要使用独立主格结构,即 “逻辑主语(名词/代词)+非谓语动词”。
如 “The exam ________ (finish), we went home.” 中,“exam” 与 “finish” 是被动关系,且 “exam” 不是句子主语 “we”,所以用 “finished”,构成独立主格结构。
对于 “with 复合结构”,如 “With the problem ________ (solve), we can move on.”,“problem” 与 “solve” 是被动关系,应填 “solved”。
考点突破
考点(三) 非谓语动词三大形式与考点突破
1、不定式考点突破
易错陷阱1:不定式省略to的几种特殊情况
(1) 感官动词后:
We observed the chemical reaction produce unexpected results in the lab experiment.
The researchers noticed the compound exhibit peculiar characteristics under the microscope.
(2) 使役动词后:
The professor had us analyze the Shakespearean sonnet from multiple perspectives.
Let me demonstrate how to solve this differential equation.
(3) 特殊结构:
(4) Rather than rely solely on textbook knowledge, we should develop critical thinking skills.
易错陷阱2:不定式完成式(to have done)的时态误判
Having failed to have considered all variables, the research team had to redo their experiment.
The theory appears to have been valid in this case.误用--应改为to be
2. 动名词考点体系
多重非谓语:
学生最易失分的3类陷阱
(1)伪谓语陷阱:
What he wanted ______ (achieve) was ______ (recognize) as a pioneer.
答案to achieve(want to do);to be recognized(was后接不定式作表语)
分析:was不是谓语动词,主干是"What he wanted was...",缺表语。
2. 隐藏被动关系:
The painting ______ (display) in the lobby needs ______ (restore).
答案displayed(被动展出);restoring(need doing主动表被动)
3. 非谓语动词的完成式误用:
______ (work) in the lab for years, he ______ (know) all the equipment well.
正确:Having worked(强调工作多年在先);knows
错误:Working(无法体现时间先后)
必背句式
考点(四)非谓语动词五种必背高分结构
1. Only to find结构(意外结果)
He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left.
2.形容词+不定式(情感表达)
I was astonished to discover the truth.
3.There being结构(原因说明)
There being no evidence, the case was dismissed.
4.介词+分词(精确描述)
The article discusses climate change, with rising temperatures being the focus.
5.名词+不定式(同位说明)
His decision to resign shocked everyone.
解题技巧
考点(五)英语非谓语动词解题技巧
(一)、解题核心:三步定位法
1、第一步:判断是否为非谓语动词 ,关键特征:句中已有谓语动词,且无连词连接其他动词时,需用非谓语形式。
Eg :The teacher came in,____ (carry) a book.(句中已有谓语动词 “came”,无连词,故填非谓语 “carrying”)
2、第二步:确定逻辑主语 逻辑主语:非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者,通常是句子的主语、宾语或修饰的名词。
Eg: ___(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.(逻辑主语是 “the city”,城市“被看”,故用过去分词 “Seen”)
4、 第三步:分析语态和时态 语态: 主动关系 → 用现在分词(doing)或不定式主动式(to do)。
被动关系 → 用过去分词(done)、现在分词被动式(being done)或不定式被动式(to be done)。
时态: 非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生 → 用一般式(doing/done/to do)。
非谓语动作先于谓语动作 → 用完成式(having done/having been done/to have done)。
eg:______ (finish) his homework, he went to bed. (“完成作业” 先于 “上床睡觉”,主动关系,故用完成式 “Having finished”)
(二)三大非谓语动词解题要点
1、不定式(to do) 常见考点:
目的状语:句首或句末表目的,用 “to do”。
eg:He studies hard ______ (enter) a good university.(填 “to enter”)
固定搭配: 后接不定式作宾语:want, hope, decide, plan, agree 等。
后接不定式作宾补:ask, tell, allow, persuade 等(ask sb. to do)。
被动式与完成式: 被动式:to be done(表 “即将被做”)。
eg:The task ______ (complete) tomorrow is important.(填 “to be completed”)
完成式:to have done(表动作先于谓语)
eg:He seems ______ (know) the truth already.(填 “to have known”)
2、动名词(doing) 常见考点:
作主语 / 宾语: 固定搭配:enjoy, mind, suggest, avoid, practice 等后接动名词
特殊词:forget, remember, regret 后接动名词表已做之事,接不定式表未做之事。
eg:I remember ______ (lock) the door.(已锁门,填 “locking”) 逻辑主语:动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
eg:Do you mind my/Jack’s leaving early?
3、分词(现在分词 / 过去分词)核心区别:
现在分词(doing):表主动、进行(如 a sleeping boy)
过去分词(done):表被动、完成(如 a broken cup)
常见考点: 作定语:单个分词前置,短语分词后置。
eg:The man ______ (stand) there is my teacher.(填 “standing”)
作状语:分词短语作状语时,逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。
eg:______ (hear) the news, she cried.(逻辑主语是 “she”,主动关系,填 “Hearing”)
(三)快速记忆口诀
非谓语,三要点,逻辑主语是关键;
主动进行 ing,被动完成用 ed;
目的将来 to do 记,时态先后看完成;
固定搭配多积累,连词有无断句型。
模拟精练
考点(六) 非谓语动词模拟精练
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·一模)International theme park operators are seeking to invest in Chinese market, ________ the success of Shanghai Disney Resort and Universal Beijing Resort.
A.following B.having followed C.to be following D.followed
2.(2024·山东·三模)Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________.
A.to be repairing B.repairing C.to repair D.repaired
3.(2024·天津河北·二模)Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology.
A.using B.used C.having used D.having been used
4.(2024·山东济南·二模)--I’m sure you have a plan.
--Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island.
A.take B.to take C.to be taking D.taking
5.(2024·天津河北·一模)When Mrs Smith arrived at her company, she saw her office ________ dark blue by some workers.
A.to paint B.painting C.being painted D.to be painted
6.(22-23高一下·甘肃兰州·期末)It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins.
A.that; buried B.when; buried
C.that; burying D.when; burying
7.(2025·天津河北·一模)The YangBOT program at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, _________ thousands of “likes” and lots of good comments from the public online, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride.
A.drawn B.having drawn C.to draw D.having been drawn
8.(2025·天津河北·二模)We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest in Beijing soon.
A.held B.to hold
C.being held D.to be held
9.(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A.disappointing B.to disappoint
C.having disappointed D.disappointed
10.(2024·天津·高考真题)The fence between the two tennis courts _________. Soon children will have enough space for football games.
A.are removed B.is to be removed
C.were to be removed D.was being removed
二、语法填空
11.(24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末)It is worthwhile (consider) the suggestion put forward at the conference. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.(24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末)The child pretended (be) a doctor, giving his teddy bear a check-up. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.(24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末)Lots of cultural relics are likely (destroy) if a new dam is built. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.(24-25高一上·江苏南通·期末)The young professor is said (study) abroad before, but I don’t know which country he studied in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.(24-25高一上·北京密云·期末)The increase of tourism during the National Day holiday in 2024 made the travel industry e (赚得;挣钱) a big profit. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
16.(24-25高一上·江苏·期末)My teacher recommended (read) the book before seeing the movie. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17.(23-24高一下·江苏·期末)There is no doubt that (expose) to too much radiation poses a threat to health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18.(23-24高一下·广东惠州·期末)At present, these animals are well protected from (hunt). (所给词的适当形式填空)
19.(23-24高二上·福建厦门·期中)His (admit) to that famous university surprised us all for he was absent from school for a whole year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20.(23-24高二上·广东肇庆·期中)The knife needs (edge), because it’s not sharp. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21.(24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末) (live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.(24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末)The tower (measure) 30 meters high was pulled down the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23.(24-25高一上·广东汕头·期末)The stone steps, (date) back to 1855, actually began to wear. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24.(24-25高一上·江苏无锡·期末)Susan repeated three important points in her speech, (stress) what makes a good speaker. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.(24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末) (judge) from his expression, I could tell he was content with the result. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26.(24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末) (trap) under the ruins, the survivors tried every possible means to make themselves heard. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27.(24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末)The committee (establish) last year holds a meeting every month. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.(24-25高一上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习)We had the package (deliver) to our workplace last week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29.(16-17高一下·广东东莞·期末)Teenagers (bring) up in the countryside seem to be more independent than those living in cities.
30.(23-24高一下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末)She stood there with her arms (fold ), looking very angry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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参考答案
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
A
D
A
D
C
A
B
D
A
B
1.A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在上海迪士尼乐园和北京环球度假区取得成功之后,国际主题公园运营商正寻求在中国市场投资。句子已有谓语动词“are seeking”,因此设空处应为非谓语动词,作状语。“International theme park operators”与“follow”之间是主动关系,表示伴随或时间先后关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故选A。
2.D
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:海伦的智能手机坏了。她得把它修好。此空为“get+宾语+宾补”结构,所以此处为非谓语动词短语作宾补,it指代的为smartphone,与repair之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补。故选D项。
3.A
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:如今,医生们可以利用先进的机器人技术和实时成像技术进行难以置信的精确手术。分析句子结构可知,use在句子中为非谓语动词,它和doctors之间为逻辑主动关系,因此使用现在分词作方式状语,故选A。
4.D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:——我相信你已经有计划了。——嗯,是的,我们正在考虑环岛旅行。此处是固定搭配:consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”。故选D项。
5.C
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:当史密斯夫人到达她的公司时,她看到她的办公室被一些工人漆成了深蓝色。设空处为宾语补足语,表示看见某事正在发生,应用现在分词作补足语,和宾语her office之间是被动关系,所以应用现在分词的被动语态,故选C。
6.A
【详解】考查it强调句句式和过去分词。句意:地震是在凌晨3点发生的。数百人丧生,许多人被埋在废墟中。去掉it was和空格后句子完整,所以此处为it强调句句式,即“it be+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”,且此处强调的是物,所以应用that。在with的复合结构中,动词bury意为“埋”,和逻辑主语a lot构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式。故选A。
7.B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:2025年中央电视台春节联欢晚会(CCTV Spring Festival Gala)上的《秧BOT》节目,在网络上收获了数千个“点赞”以及众多公众的好评,完美融合了中国的技术进步与文化自豪。句中谓语是is,空格处用非谓语动词,The YangBOT program和draw之间是逻辑主谓关系,且动作已完成,因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having drawn,作状语。故选B。
8.D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们最好推迟采访这位运动员,因为他正忙于准备一场不久后将在北京举行的国际比赛。根据句意和句子结构可知,for后的原因状语从句的谓语动词是is,空格处是非谓语动词,hold与contest之间是被动关系,此处需要表示“将要被举行的国际比赛”,所以应该用不定式的被动形式to be held作后置定语,修饰名词短语an international contest。故选D。
9.A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于突然的雷暴天气,组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会,使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语,表示“自然而然的结果”,户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望,故应用现在分词作结果状语,故选A。
10.B
【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意:两个网球场之间的栅栏将被拆除。很快孩子们就有足够的空间踢足球了。此处为谓语动词的填入,由第二句中的“will”可知,该句应该用将来时,所以选项中动词不定式可以表示将来,主语The fence和动词remove为被动关系,所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构,结合主语The fence为单数名词,所以为动词三单形式。故选B项。
11.to consider/considering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:考虑会议上提出的建议是值得的。句中It is worthwhile to do/doing sth为固定短语,意为“做某事是值得的”,此处it为形式主语,不定式或者动名词为真正的主语。故填to consider或considering。
12.to be
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:孩子假装是医生,给他的泰迪熊进行检查。pretend to do sth.固定搭配,意为“假装做某事”,故填to be。
13.to be destroyed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果修建一座新大坝,很多文物可能会被毁坏。“be likely to do sth.”是固定搭配,表示“有可能做某事”,用不定式作主语补足语,又因动词destroy(毁坏)与其逻辑主语Lots of cultural relics之间是被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动形式to be done表被动。故填to be destroyed。
14.to have studied
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据说这位年轻教授以前出国留学过,但我不知道他在哪个国家留学过。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语 “be said to do”,意为“据说……”,“留学”的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,故应用不定式的完成式“to have studied”。故填to have studied。
15.earn/arn
【详解】考查动词。句意:2024年国庆假期旅游业的增长使旅游行业赚得了一大笔利润。结合首字母提示,“赚得;挣钱”用动词earn表示;make sb. do sth.为固定搭配,意为“使某人做某事”,用动词原形(或不带to的不定式)earn作宾语补足语。故填earn。
16.reading
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我的老师建议在看电影之前先读这本书。recommend doing sth.表示“建议做某事”,所以空处应填动名词reading作宾语。故填reading。
17.being exposed /exposure
【详解】考查动名词或者名词。句意:毫无疑问,暴露在过多的辐射中对健康构成威胁。空处在that从句中作主语,结合句意可知,此处表示经常性动作,所以使用动名词形式作主语,且表示被动意义,所以使用动名词的被动形式being exposed。也可以用名词exposure作主语。故填being exposed/exposure。
18.being hunted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:目前,这些动物受到很好的保护,不会被猎杀。空处作介词from的宾语,应用动名词形式。逻辑主语these animals和hunt之间是动宾关系,所以应用动名词的被动形式。故填being hunted。
19.admission/being admitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他被那所著名的大学录取让我们都很惊讶,因为他缺课整整一年。此处作主语,可以使用名词admission或动名词,且admit与he的逻辑动宾关系,应用动名词的被动语态。故填admission或being admitted。
20.edging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这把刀需要磨边,因为它不锋利。need后接动名词,主动形式表示被动含义,根据句意,故填edging。
21. Having lived
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:和那个女孩住了5年,我们都很了解她。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语,动词live与句子的主语we之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分词作状语;再由时间状语for 5 years可知,状语动作发生在主句之前,空格处应该用现在分词的完成式。故填Having;lived。
22.measuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这座30米高的塔前几天被推倒了。句子已有谓语动词was pulled down,空处为非谓语动词,measure此处意为“有……长(或宽、高等)”,是系动词用法,与主语The tower构成主动关系,故需用现在分词作后置定语。故填measuring。
23.dating
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:这些石阶,追溯到1855年,实际上已经开始磨损。此处为非谓语动词作定语,date back to意为 “追溯到”与所修饰的词The stone steps之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填dating。
24.stressing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:苏珊在她的演讲中重复了三个要点,强调怎样才能成为一个好的演讲者。此处为非谓语动词作状语,stress与逻辑主语Susan之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填stressing。
25.Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从他的表情判断,我能看出他对结果很满意。设空处在句子中做状语,judging from/by 由……判断,用作独立结构,即不用考虑与逻辑主语关系的一致性,且位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Judging。
26.Trapped
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:被困在废墟下,幸存者们尝试了每一种可能的方法来让自己被听到。此处为非谓语动词作状语,trap与逻辑主语the survivors之间为被动关系,且动作已经发生,所以此处使用过去分词形式,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Trapped。
27.established
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:去年成立的委员会每月召开一次会议。“(establish) last year”作后置定语,establish(建立,设立)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语The committee之间是被动关系,用过去分词established表被动。故填established。
28.delivered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:上周我们让人把包裹送到了工作地点。have sth done为固定用法,the package和deliver为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填delivered。
29.brought
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在农村被抚养长大的青少年似乎比生活在城市的青少年更独立。Teenagers与bring up之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词brought作定语,填brought。
30.folded
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:她抱着胳膊站在那里,看上去很生气。在with的复合结构中,动词fold意为“交叉”,和逻辑主语her arms构成被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词形式。故填folded。
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2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义(人教版2019)
专题02非谓语动词绝杀技(形式功能拆解与避坑指南)
内容导航
思维导图: 图文结合,知识整合
考点聚焦:核心考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和重难点梳理,查漏补缺
高频考点:模拟新题+提升专练,全面突破
思维导图
考点聚焦
考点(一)
非谓语动词的形式与功能
考点(二)
非谓语动词避坑指南精讲
考点(三)
非谓语动词三大形式与考点突破
考点(四)
非谓语动词五种必背高分结构
考点(五)
非谓语动词解题技巧
考点(六)
非谓语动词模拟精练
重点速记
考点(一) 精讲非谓语动词的形式与功能
(一)动词不定式形式:
肯定式:to do
否定式:not to do
被动式:to be done
完成式:to have done(表动作先于谓语发生)
进行式:to be doing(表动作与谓语同时进行)
(二)动词不定式功能:
1、作主语:
It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
避坑点:对比动名词作主语;不定式侧重具体某次动作,动名词侧重习惯性、泛指的动作。
eg:To swim in the river this afternoon sounds great.(具体动作) Swimming is good exercise.(泛指习惯)
不定式作主语:
1.不定式作主语:动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2.表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时,多用doing作主语。
3.it是形式主语,不定式是真正主语;of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语:
(1)It is/was + 形容词(for sb)to do sth.
形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。常用for sb作逻辑主语。
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
(2)It is/was + 形容词(of sb)to do sth.
赞扬、责备的形容词常用of sb作逻辑主语:wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous,considerate…
2、作状语
I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车
动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用in order to do,so as to do,to do等,但so as to do不能置于句首,可用so as to/in order to替换,译为:为了;想要
In order to pass the exam,he worked hard.为了通过考试,他努力学习。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语时常用于下列结构中,常表示出乎意料的结果:only to do;enough to do足够做……;too... to do... 太……而不能……;so/such... as to... 如此……以至于……
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.
(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。
这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,dangerous,heavy,good,important,impossible,surprised,astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
He was surprised to be informed of the news.
3、作定语:
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作业要做。(do homework)
She is looking for a room to live in.(live in the room,介词不可省略)
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
(2)序数词,形容词最高级,the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。
eg: He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
(3) 被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。
常见名词:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
eg: The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
不定式作定语:
(1)常接不定式作定语的词有:chance,opportunity,ability,decision,right(权利),不定代词等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
(2)不定式作定语,修饰序数词等
She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
(4)接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词:
eg:Remember to lock the door when you leave.(未锁门)
I remember locking the door.(已锁门)
He stopped to have a rest.(停下手中的事去休息)
He stopped having a rest and went back to work.(停止休息)
4、作宾语:
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:
agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen to do…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…
We find it necessary to master German and French. ment.
易考点:
“疑问词+不定式” 结构 不定式前可加 what, how, when, where, whether 等疑问词,作宾语或表语。
eg:I don’t know what to do next.(作宾语)
eg:The problem is how to solve it.(作表语)
5、作宾补:
(1) 不定式作宾补时,宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,不定式表示将要发出的
主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
eg: He wants to go to school.他想去上学
Mother asks me to clean my room.妈妈让我打扫我的房间
(2)有些动词,如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
(3)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done结构中,不定式用作主语补足语。 eg: The president was reported to have visited China.
避坑点:被动语态中,省略的 to 必须还原带to,否则易失分。
误:He was made work 12 hours a day.
正:He was made to work 12 hours a day.
重难点:
在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时,后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to; 但以上动词如为被动语态,后面接的动词前要加to。
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
6、 作表语:
不定式作表语时:
(1)表示预定要发生的动作
(2)当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时,常用不定式作表语
(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时,表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
重点提示;
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中,考查的频度较大,导致很多学生产生思维定势,见到不定式的题就用
一般式to do的形式,这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化,做到查漏补缺。
(二)动名词精讲:
动名词形式为: doing
1、作定语:
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途,作 “ 供……用”讲,相当于介词 for 短语,常置于被修饰词前。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机
a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖
2、作主语:
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念,也可用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型:
It's a waste of time doing...
It's no use/good doing...
It is useless doing...
There is no point doing...
Reading is good for us.阅读对我们有好处
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
It's no use complaining without taking action.
3、 作表语
动名词作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.=Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
注意:remain作系动词时,意为“仍然是”时,后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语
但作不及物动词时,意为“尚待……;留待……”时,后常接to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
4、作宾语:常放在 enjoy, finish, mind 等动词后,She enjoys listening to music.她喜欢听音乐
(三)分词精讲:
包括现在分词 doing和过去分词 done
1、现在分词:表主动和进行
现在分词作定语时,The boy sitting there is my brother.坐在那里的男孩是我弟弟
“sitting there” 修饰 “boy”,表示主动和进行的动作
作状语时,可表时间、原因、伴随等,Walking in the street, I met an old friend.
我走在街上时,遇到了一位老朋友,表时间。
2、过去分词:表被动和完成
(1)过去分词作状语
eg: Given more time, I could do it better.如果给我更多时间,我能做得更好,表条件。
辨析分词作状语
现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。
常见的:located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的),
lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
过去分词做状语解题技巧:
A、作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
B、如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,就用过去分词形式(done)。
C、过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成。
D、带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.
E、选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系,如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
(2)过去分词作定语时
eg : a book written by Lu Xun一本由鲁迅写的书
“written by Lu Xun” 修饰 “book”,表被动
重难点:
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done);
表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing);
表示被动、进行用being done;
表示主动、尚未进行用to do;
表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。
试比较:1.The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.
2.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.
3.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.
4.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
过去分词做定语解题技巧
(1) 过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
(2)以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen leaf:落叶 the risen sun: 升起了的太阳
a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
过去分词做定语注意:
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
(3)分词作宾补
过去分词做定语解题技巧
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。
重点关注
(一)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:
1、have sth. done=get sth. done让别人做某事;
2、have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事;
3、get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事;
4、have sb. do sth. =get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。
(二)with的复合结构:
(1)with+宾语+doing表示主动,说明动作正在发生或经常发生
(2)with+宾语+done表示被动或完成
(3)with+宾语+to do表示将要发生的动作。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.
With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
(三)只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语:
admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外,have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ;have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim?
避坑指南
考点(二)非谓语动词避坑指南精讲
1.避免混淆主被动关系:
确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语,判断其与非谓语动词的主被动关系。
如 “________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.” 中,“the GPNP” 是 “cover” 的逻辑主语,是主动覆盖面积,应填 “Covering”,而不是 “Covered”。
注意一些特殊情况,如 “worth doing” 是固定搭配,用主动形式表被动意义,如 “The problem is worth discussing.”。
2.正确判断时态先后:
分析非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系。
如 “________ (finish) his homework, he went out to play.” 中,“完成作业” 发生在 “出去玩” 之前,要用完成式 “Having finished”。
记住一些固定结构,如 “whether to do” 表示 “是否要做某事”,“To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first.” 中不能用 “biting”。
3.区分谓语动词和非谓语动词:
一个句子中,如果已经有谓语动词,又没有连词连接其他动词,那么其他动词通常用非谓语形式。
如 “They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.” 中,没有连词,“represent” 是谓语动词,所以 “come” 要用非谓语形式,“the earth” 与 “come” 是主动关系,填 “coming”。
4.感官动词结构对比:
感官动词+宾语+do不定式:表示动作“全过程”
感官动词+宾语+doing分词:表示动作进行
被动式→be seen to do
使役动词变形法则:
主动态:make/have/let sb. do(不带to)
被动态:be made to do(必须加to)
注意:have sth. done(表被动)
5.易错点对比
(1) stop to do vs stop doing
The lecturer stopped to drink water. (停下讲课去喝水)
The lecturer stopped explaining when the bell rang. (停止讲解动作)
(2) have sb do vs have sth done
I’ll have the technician repair my laptop. (主动安排)
I’ll have my laptop repaired tomorrow. (被动委托)
6.注意独立主格结构:
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,要使用独立主格结构,即 “逻辑主语(名词/代词)+非谓语动词”。
如 “The exam ________ (finish), we went home.” 中,“exam” 与 “finish” 是被动关系,且 “exam” 不是句子主语 “we”,所以用 “finished”,构成独立主格结构。
对于 “with 复合结构”,如 “With the problem ________ (solve), we can move on.”,“problem” 与 “solve” 是被动关系,应填 “solved”。
考点突破
考点(三) 非谓语动词三大形式与考点突破
1、不定式考点突破
易错陷阱1:不定式省略to的几种特殊情况
(1) 感官动词后:
We observed the chemical reaction produce unexpected results in the lab experiment.
The researchers noticed the compound exhibit peculiar characteristics under the microscope.
(2) 使役动词后:
The professor had us analyze the Shakespearean sonnet from multiple perspectives.
Let me demonstrate how to solve this differential equation.
(3) 特殊结构:
(4) Rather than rely solely on textbook knowledge, we should develop critical thinking skills.
易错陷阱2:不定式完成式(to have done)的时态误判
Having failed to have considered all variables, the research team had to redo their experiment.
The theory appears to have been valid in this case.误用--应改为to be
2. 动名词考点体系
多重非谓语:
学生最易失分的3类陷阱
(1)伪谓语陷阱:
What he wanted ______ (achieve) was ______ (recognize) as a pioneer.
2. 隐藏被动关系:
The painting ______ (display) in the lobby needs ______ (restore).
3. 非谓语动词的完成式误用:
______ (work) in the lab for years, he ______ (know) all the equipment well.
正确:Having worked(强调工作多年在先);knows
错误:Working(无法体现时间先后)
必背句式
考点(四)非谓语动词五种必背高分结构
1. Only to find结构(意外结果)
He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left.
2.形容词+不定式(情感表达)
I was astonished to discover the truth.
3.There being结构(原因说明)
There being no evidence, the case was dismissed.
4.介词+分词(精确描述)
The article discusses climate change, with rising temperatures being the focus.
5.名词+不定式(同位说明)
His decision to resign shocked everyone.
解题技巧
考点(五)英语非谓语动词解题技巧
(一)、解题核心:三步定位法
1、第一步:判断是否为非谓语动词 ,关键特征:句中已有谓语动词,且无连词连接其他动词时,需用非谓语形式。
Eg :The teacher came in,____ (carry) a book.(句中已有谓语动词 “came”,无连词,故填非谓语 “carrying”)
2、第二步:确定逻辑主语 逻辑主语:非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者,通常是句子的主语、宾语或修饰的名词。
Eg: ___(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.(逻辑主语是 “the city”,城市“被看”,故用过去分词 “Seen”)
4、 第三步:分析语态和时态 语态: 主动关系 → 用现在分词(doing)或不定式主动式(to do)。
被动关系 → 用过去分词(done)、现在分词被动式(being done)或不定式被动式(to be done)。
时态: 非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生 → 用一般式(doing/done/to do)。
非谓语动作先于谓语动作 → 用完成式(having done/having been done/to have done)。
eg:______ (finish) his homework, he went to bed. (“完成作业” 先于 “上床睡觉”,主动关系,故用完成式 “Having finished”)
(二)三大非谓语动词解题要点
1、不定式(to do) 常见考点:
目的状语:句首或句末表目的,用 “to do”。
eg:He studies hard ______ (enter) a good university.(填 “to enter”)
固定搭配: 后接不定式作宾语:want, hope, decide, plan, agree 等。
后接不定式作宾补:ask, tell, allow, persuade 等(ask sb. to do)。
被动式与完成式: 被动式:to be done(表 “即将被做”)。
eg:The task ______ (complete) tomorrow is important.(填 “to be completed”)
完成式:to have done(表动作先于谓语)
eg:He seems ______ (know) the truth already.(填 “to have known”)
2、动名词(doing) 常见考点:
作主语 / 宾语: 固定搭配:enjoy, mind, suggest, avoid, practice 等后接动名词
特殊词:forget, remember, regret 后接动名词表已做之事,接不定式表未做之事。
eg:I remember ______ (lock) the door.(已锁门,填 “locking”) 逻辑主语:动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
eg:Do you mind my/Jack’s leaving early?
3、分词(现在分词 / 过去分词)核心区别:
现在分词(doing):表主动、进行(如 a sleeping boy)
过去分词(done):表被动、完成(如 a broken cup)
常见考点: 作定语:单个分词前置,短语分词后置。
eg:The man ______ (stand) there is my teacher.(填 “standing”)
作状语:分词短语作状语时,逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。
eg:______ (hear) the news, she cried.(逻辑主语是 “she”,主动关系,填 “Hearing”)
(三)快速记忆口诀
非谓语,三要点,逻辑主语是关键;
主动进行 ing,被动完成用 ed;
目的将来 to do 记,时态先后看完成;
固定搭配多积累,连词有无断句型。
模拟精练
考点(六) 非谓语动词模拟精练
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·一模)International theme park operators are seeking to invest in Chinese market, ________ the success of Shanghai Disney Resort and Universal Beijing Resort.
A.following B.having followed C.to be following D.followed
2.(2024·山东·三模)Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________.
A.to be repairing B.repairing C.to repair D.repaired
3.(2024·天津河北·二模)Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology.
A.using B.used C.having used D.having been used
4.(2024·山东济南·二模)--I’m sure you have a plan.
--Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island.
A.take B.to take C.to be taking D.taking
5.(2024·天津河北·一模)When Mrs Smith arrived at her company, she saw her office ________ dark blue by some workers.
A.to paint B.painting C.being painted D.to be painted
6.(22-23高一下·甘肃兰州·期末)It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins.
A.that; buried B.when; buried
C.that; burying D.when; burying
7.(2025·天津河北·一模)The YangBOT program at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, _________ thousands of “likes” and lots of good comments from the public online, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride.
A.drawn B.having drawn C.to draw D.having been drawn
8.(2025·天津河北·二模)We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest in Beijing soon.
A.held B.to hold
C.being held D.to be held
9.(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A.disappointing B.to disappoint
C.having disappointed D.disappointed
10.(2024·天津·高考真题)The fence between the two tennis courts _________. Soon children will have enough space for football games.
A.are removed B.is to be removed
C.were to be removed D.was being removed
二、语法填空
11.(24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末)It is worthwhile (consider) the suggestion put forward at the conference. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.(24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末)The child pretended (be) a doctor, giving his teddy bear a check-up. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.(24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末)Lots of cultural relics are likely (destroy) if a new dam is built. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.(24-25高一上·江苏南通·期末)The young professor is said (study) abroad before, but I don’t know which country he studied in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.(24-25高一上·北京密云·期末)The increase of tourism during the National Day holiday in 2024 made the travel industry e (赚得;挣钱) a big profit. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
16.(24-25高一上·江苏·期末)My teacher recommended (read) the book before seeing the movie. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17.(23-24高一下·江苏·期末)There is no doubt that (expose) to too much radiation poses a threat to health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18.(23-24高一下·广东惠州·期末)At present, these animals are well protected from (hunt). (所给词的适当形式填空)
19.(23-24高二上·福建厦门·期中)His (admit) to that famous university surprised us all for he was absent from school for a whole year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20.(23-24高二上·广东肇庆·期中)The knife needs (edge), because it’s not sharp. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21.(24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末) (live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.(24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末)The tower (measure) 30 meters high was pulled down the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23.(24-25高一上·广东汕头·期末)The stone steps, (date) back to 1855, actually began to wear. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24.(24-25高一上·江苏无锡·期末)Susan repeated three important points in her speech, (stress) what makes a good speaker. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.(24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末) (judge) from his expression, I could tell he was content with the result. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26.(24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末) (trap) under the ruins, the survivors tried every possible means to make themselves heard. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27.(24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末)The committee (establish) last year holds a meeting every month. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.(24-25高一上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习)We had the package (deliver) to our workplace last week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29.(16-17高一下·广东东莞·期末)Teenagers (bring) up in the countryside seem to be more independent than those living in cities.
30.(23-24高一下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末)She stood there with her arms (fold ), looking very angry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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