Unit 1 The mass media Grammar & Usage 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

Grammar and usage Unit 1 The mass media Past perfect tense 过去完成时 CONTENTS 定义 Definition 1 2 3 4 基本结构 Basic structure 基本用法 Basic usage 常用固定搭配 Sentence pattern ① She had learned some English before she came to the university. 她在进入大学前已学过一些英语。 ② He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年了。 过去完成时表示在过去之前发生的事或完成的动作， 即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。 定义 The Past Perfect Tense 基本结构：“had + 过去分词” 被动语态：“had been + 过去分词” 基本含义：过去完成时表示在过去之前发生的事或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 Past 过去 Future 将来 had done Summarize Present 现在 “过去的过去” 5 肯定式为__________________； 否定式为__________________； 被动式为__________________。 ① She said she had never been to Paris.  她说她从未去过巴黎。 ② I didn’t know the way to John’s house because I hadn’t been there before. 我不知道去约翰家的路，因为我之前没去过。 ③ The work had been finished by us before last Friday. 我们在上星期五前就完成了这项工作。 had done had not done had been done 过去完成时的基本结构 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作， 常用的时间状语有by then(到那时), by the time(到...的时候), by the end of(到…结束时/为止) ① By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。 ② They had lived there for ten years by then. 到那时为止，他们已经在那住了10年了。 表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, mean, intend, plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。 ① I had intended to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend. 我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。 ② I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away. 我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。 (1) It/That was+ the first/ second…+ time+ that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次参观长城。 (2) It was+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。 It was three years since he had joined the army. 他参军三年了。 过去完成时用于一些固定句型 (3) 在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和 No sooner…than…中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一…就…”。 Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang. No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他一到就再次被要求离开。 他一进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。 Summary 总结 1. 定义:过去完成时表示在过去之前发生的事或完成的动作， 即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。 2. 结构:肯定： 否定： 3. 用于过去完成时的时间状语: by then, by the end of, by the time等。 5. 常用固定句型 ① It/That was+ the first/ second…+ time+ that从句 ② It was+一段时间+since从句 ③ Hardly/Scarcely…when… ④ No sooner…than… had done / had been done had not done / had not been done Review 4. 表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope, want等后接从句时, 表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。 Practice A Fill in the blanks with proper and correct forms of the verbs. 1. By the time, Tom _____________ (found) his own business. 2. My brother is an actor. He _____________(appear) in several films so far. 3. The train __________(leave) before I got to the station. 4. I ______________ (learn) English for seven years when I graduated from high school. 5. She said she _________ (see) the headmaster already. had founded had left had learned Practice has appeared had seen 到目前为止 1. By about 6000 BC, people _____________ (discover)the best crops(农作物) to grow and animals to raise.（2020浙江卷) 2. Instead of getting down to a new task(完成一个新任务) as I _____, he examined(检查) the previous work again. (2021江苏卷) A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect had discovered 直击高考 A 3. I _______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. (2022天津卷) A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 4. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________(trap) in the mountains for two days. (2021北京卷) 5. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ___________________(carry out执行) in the past two years. (2020江苏卷) had been trapped had been carried out 直击高考 A A Read the life story again and find the sentences that use the past perfect tense. The first one has been done for you. Lead-in What do you know about Pulitzer Prize? Joseph Pulitzer was one of the most prominent US journalists and publisher of his times, who initiated the pattern of modern newspaper. 约瑟夫·普利策是当时美国最杰出的记者和出版人之一，开创了现代报纸的模式。 Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖 The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature and musical composition within  the United States. 普利策奖是美国颁发给报纸、杂志、网络新闻、文学和音乐创作方面的成就的奖项。 It was established in 1917 according to the will of the American newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer (Joseph Pulitzer), and later developed into the highest honor award of the American press, known as the “Nobel Prize of the press”. Its selection is usually announced in the spring (such as April and early May) and is awarded annually 它是根据美国报业巨头约瑟夫·普利策(Joseph Pulitzer)的遗愿于1917年设立的奖项，后发展成为美国新闻界的最高荣誉奖，被誉为“新闻界的诺贝尔奖”。它的评选结果一般在春季(如四月及五月初)宣布，每年颁发一次。 饥饿的苏丹 eagle 鹰 难民营被苍蝇叮的孩子 这是一名埃塞俄比亚难民营里的孩子，当时正在难民营的他因实在虚弱得无法去寻找食物，只得任由自己接近死亡的身体变成大群苍蝇的美食。那一年，这里的所有生灵都面临饥荒，除了苍蝇。 作者按下快门时，后面的秃鹫一直蹲在离因饥饿瘦得不成人形的小女孩后面：它在等待机会以便咬食她的肉。这张图片在给苏丹带来救助的同时，也最终导致了该摄影作品作者凯文的自杀。 accuse commit suicide under the depression 乌干达饥饿中的孩子和传教士的手 poverty 贫穷 “睡着”的孩子 refugee 难民 乌干达，一个传教士握着饥饿的男孩的手。这世界上多的是苦痛与灾难。 他只有三岁，本应躺在母亲的怀抱里，但因为叙利亚战争，他不得不跟着父母偷渡到希腊。可因为途中遭遇沉船，他的全家只有爸爸得以存活。这张照片刺痛了全世界民众的心，欧洲国家在看到此图后打开了迎接难民的大门。 我们是多么幸福 在华盛顿唐人街的游街活动中，两岁的小男孩艾伦被游行队伍中的中国元素装饰和爆竹吸引，正试图靠近队伍看个究竟。警察莫里斯温柔地告诫小男孩不要离得太近。 这张照片记录下了第二次世界大战的士兵罗伯特·摩尔中校经过16个月的部署后返回家中，在火车站被亲人迎接的场面。画面中中校正拥抱着他的七岁女儿，而他的妻子已经激动地掩面哭泣，可爱的小侄子在旁边看着这一幕。 accuse commit suicide under the despression short life story of Joseph Pulitzer April 10, 1847 → Joseph Pulitzer was born. 1. __________ → He moved to America and became an American citizen. 2. __________ → He became a publisher出版人. → 3. → Pulitzer bought the New York World 纽约世界报. → He offered Columbia University money to start a school of journalism 新闻学院. 4. __________ → Pulitzer died. 5. __________ → The Columbia School of Journalism was established. 6.__________ → The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded. 1860s 1872 He founded the St Louis Post-Dispatch 1911 1912 Exploring the rules 1917 1892 1883 1878 公民 圣路易斯邮报 Joseph Pulitzer was born on April 10, 1847, in Hungary. He moved to America and became an American citizen in the 1860s. He had a number of different jobs after he moved to America. He regularly visited the library and studied English and law—by then he had learned very little English. While in the library one day, he began chatting to two editors of a German-language newspaper. They offered him a job. 约瑟夫·普利策于1847年4月10日出生于匈牙利。19世纪60年代，他移居美国，成为美国公民。他移居美国后做过许多不同的工作。他经常去图书馆，学习英语和法律，那时他几乎没有学过英语。一天，在图书馆里，他开始和一家德语报纸的两位编辑聊天。他们给了他一份工作。 Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher. 普利策很快成为一名成功的记者，25岁时，他成为了一名出版商。 P6 In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch. Pulitzer worked tirelessly, from early in the morning until midnight. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. Sales of the newspaper shot up. In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York World. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country. 1878年，他创办了《圣路易斯邮报》。普利策从早到晚不知疲倦地工作。他的报纸发表了有关政治和社会问题的文章，指责政府官员不诚实，富人不纳税。报纸的销量急剧上升。1883年，普利策买下《纽约世界报》。他采用了他在《圣路易斯邮报》时采用的经营策略，报纸的销量节节攀升，最终成为全国最畅销的报纸。 P6 Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists at university level. In 1892, he offered Columbia University money to start a school of journalism. Of this decision he said, “I am deeply interested in the progress and elevation of journalism ... regarding it as a noble profession and one of unequaled importance for its influence upon the minds and morals of the people.” Pulitzer died in 1911. One year after his death, the Columbia School of Journalism was established. Six years after his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded. 普利策是第一个提倡在大学层面对记者进行培训的人。1892年，他向哥伦比亚大学提供资金开办新闻学院。关于这一决定，他说：“我对新闻业的进步和提升深感兴趣…认为这是一种高尚的职业，对人们的思想和道德具有无与伦比的重要性。”普利策于1911年去世。他去世一年后，哥伦比亚大学新闻学院成立。他死后六年，首届普利策奖颁发。 P6 Scan part A on page 6 and complete the True or False exercise. 1. He regularly visited the library and studied English and Law－by then he had learnt very little French. ( ) 2. By the age of 25, he had become a teacher. ( ) 3. The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded in 1912. ( ) F English F publisher T 1917 … by then he had learnt very little English. … by the age of 25, he had become a publisher. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch… We often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened (1) ________ (before/after) a past time. The verb form of the past perfect tense is “(2) _________ (have/had) done”. before had working out the rules Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks below. B1 1 Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English, so he had started to work hard at the language. started 2 Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite often, when he arrived home at midnight, he was working for over 10 hours. 3 For the time he was 25, Pulitzer had become a journalist and publisher. had worked By 4 Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper before its failure(倒闭/失败) in 1931. had worked win(赢得，获得) build(建立) intend(预期，打算) award(n.奖励 v.授予, 颁发) allow(允许) Below is a passage about the Pulitzer Prizes. Complete it with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below. B2 The Pulitzer Prizes are a set of 21 awards honoring excellence in journalism and the arts. The prizes were established largely due to the efforts of Joseph Pulitzer, who (1) __________ his reputation(名声) as a newspaper publisher. He left money in his 1904 will(遗嘱) to fund(资助) the establishment(设立/建立) of the prizes, stating(声明) that he wanted four awards in journalism(新闻业), four in letters(文学) and drama, one for education, and five traveling scholarships(旅行奖学金). had built 普利策奖由21个奖项组成，旨在表彰新闻和艺术方面的杰出成就。 Since the first prizes (2) ______________ in 1917, there have been many winners(获奖者/赢家) and many people have won more than once. Past winners include such famous names as Eugene O’Neill(尤金·奥尼尔). When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time he (3) ______________ one. were awarded had won win build intend award allow It/That was+ the first/ second…+ time+ that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。 自从 such as 例如 There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time. Some of these resulted from(由...引起) advances in technology. (科技进步). For example, online content from newspaper websites(新闻网站上的线上内容) (4) __________________ in all of the journalism categories(新闻类别) since 2006. The Pulitzer Prizes have also expanded to include such categories as photography and music. Nevertheless(不过，然而), journalism is still what the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for. Today, winning the Pulitzer Prizes is considered by many to be the highest achievement possible in journalism —— just as Pulitzer (5) ____________. has been allowed intended win build intend award allow $$