Unit 1 Science Fiction Discover Useful Structures Review the Passive Voice 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Passive Voice 被动语态 1 Learning objectives In this class, you are expected to be able to: Master the basic structure of the passive voice. Learn the use of the passive voice in different tenses. Understand common sentence patterns in the passive voice. Apply the passive voice in writing. The monster caught our master. 妖怪抓走了我们的师傅。 Our master was caught by the monster. 我们的师父被妖怪抓走了。 What kind of voices they are? Active voice(主动语态) or Passive voice（被动语态）? The monkey beats BaJie. 悟空打了八戒。 BaJie is beaten by the monkey. 八戒被悟空打了。 The concept of passive voice I. What is Voice? Voice is a form of expression of English verbs, used to indicate the relationship between . II. Types of Voice: Voice and Voice. III. The Form of the Passive Voice: The basic form of the passive voice is: . the subject and the verb. Active Passive be + past participle 1. 当我们不知道动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时。 Every classroom in this school is being equipped with a new TV set. Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 2. 为了强调动作的承受者时。 Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting are being exhibited at the culture show now. 剪纸等天津民间传统艺术品现在正在文化展览中展出。 被动语态的用法 3. 出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。 You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。 It is reported that they will come to our city for a visit. 4. 公告、通知、新闻报道、报纸标题、科技文章中 Rubbish is strictly prohibited here. 5. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。 The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English. Tom broke the glass yestersay. The glass was broken by Tom yesterday. 主动语态变被动语态 三变：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动(be done) 一不变：其他均不变 主语 谓语动词 宾语 主语 谓语动词 宾语 一找二换三变四加 Doudou is always beaten by someone. Doudou was beaten again yesterday. Doudou will be beaten tomorrow. Doudou has been beaten three times. Doudou had been beaten before he left classroom. Doudou is being beaten now. Doudou was being beaten at this time yesterday. He said that Doudou would be beaten next week. Doudou may be beaten anytime . 不同时态的被动语态 时态、人称和和数的变化是由be动词的变化来表现的 被动语态基本结构：be+done(动词的过去分词) Summary 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/ does 一般过去式 did 一般/ 过去将来时 will/ would do 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 现在完成时 has/ have done 过去完成时 had done 语态 时态 am/ is/ are + done was/ were + done will/ would + be done am/is/are + being done was/ were + being done has/ have + been done had +been done 含情态动词 情态动词 +do 情态动词+ be done Tips 判断主语是动作发出者还是动作承受者； 判断语句中的时态（根据时间副词或从句）； 动词的被动语态与主语保持一致（第三人称人数、复数等）。 Practice 6.(2020全国I) ...“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon______________(construct).” 7.(2020全国III) The artist was sure he would ___________(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 8.(2019全国III) They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourist. On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____________ (invite) to attend private concert. 9.(2017全国I) When fat and salt _____________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing. 10.(2016全国I) So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I ____________(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center. is constructed be chosen were invited are removed was allowed 特殊结构的被动形式 (1) 双宾动词的被动结构 例：He gave her some money.  She was given some money.  Some money was given to her. 带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。 (2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构 例：His father called him Jack. He was called Jack by his father. (3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构 常见的结构有： It is known that ... It is suggested that ... It is believed that ... It is reported that ... It is said that ... It is hoped that ... (4)主动形式表被动意义 ① 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义 某些连系动词，如 feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等。 例：It can’t move. The door won’t shut. 某些与 can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如 move, lock, shut, open 等。 例：My new pen writes well. The cloth doesn’t wash easily. 某些可与 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如 read, write, wash 等。 例：The food tasted better than it looked. 例：A car accident happened. The news spread quickly. d.表示发生(happen/take place/ occur/ come about),爆发(break out /burst out), 属于(belong to)和传播(spread)的不及物动词 e.某些短语主动形式表示被动意义，come up(提出), run out (用完) 例：The question hasn’t come up yet. The water ran out yesterday. ② 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义 例：The question is difficult to answer. Volleyball is very interesting to watch. 在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等 例：The film is well worth seeing. The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. 在 be worth doing 和 be to blame 结构中，动词 -ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 当 want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，其宾语可用动词 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例：The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered). (2019全国I) 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封申请信做志愿者，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。 Knowing that the local gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition, I am writing to apply for the position. The local gallery will exhibit many great Chinese paintings. Knowing that______________________________________ __________________，I am writing to apply for the position. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ a Chinese painting exhibition will be held in the local gallery Many great Chinese paintings will be exhibited in the local gallery. (2020全国I) 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。内容包括：1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 在我看来，钟南山院士被认为是最值得尊敬的人。 As far as I’m concerned, Dr. Zhong Nanshan ____________________ the most respectable person. 众所周知，钟南山院士为了更好了解疫情冒着危险奔赴一线。 ___________________Dr. Zhong Nanshan risked his life to know better about the disease in the frontline. is regarded as It is known that (2021全国I) 你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.读报的经历；2.喜爱的栏目；期望和祝福。 两年前当我第一次读到Youth时，我被它的《青少年趣闻》专栏所深深吸引。 Two years ago, when I first read Youth I _____________________to the column called The Anecdotes of Youngsters. 我期待Youth能发展更好。 A promising future of Youth ________________(expect). was deeply attracted is expected Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. P5 3 explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect Science fiction ___________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, _______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ____________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans. is regarded explored/represented written was translated represents The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye __________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game - it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people's stories _________? And how will their behaviour change Earth's future and the civilizations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to ____________ when you go on reading. explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect is recruited has been set up gets caught up connected be discovered $$