专题01 名词、冠词和代词-【暑假自学课】2025年新七年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2024）

专题01 名词、冠词和代词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 名词 冠词 代词 名词 ( 考点一 名词 复数 ) （1）规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s cake—cakes bag—bags student—students bed—beds 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等结尾的词 加-es bus—buses　box—boxes　watch—watches 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es baby—babies city—cities　country—countries lady—ladies 以元音字母加-y结尾的词 加-s toy—toys　monkey—monkeys 以f(fe)结尾的词 变f(fe)为ves leaf—leaves　wolf—wolves　life—lives 以-ce,-se,-ze,-(d)ge等结尾的词 加-s face—faces　orange—oranges （2）不规则变化： 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese 词尾加-ren child/children 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 1．—What do you want to buy in the mall? —Four ________ and ________. A．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomatoes B．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomato C．carton of milk; two kilos of tomatoes D．carton of milk; two kilos of tomato 2．All the girl students and ________ at our school will receive flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．women teacher C．woman teachers D．women teachers 思路点拨： 1.考查名词的数。cartons of milk多盒牛奶；two kilos of tomatoes两公斤西红柿。根据空前数词 four 可知，此处需用可数名词“carton”的复数形式 cartons，milk为不可数名词。数词 two 后需接可数名词“kilo”的复数形式 kilos。tomatoes为可数名词 ， 需用复数形式 tomatoes。故选A。 2.考查复合名词的复数形式。woman teacher“女教师”，All后跟名词复数，故空处指“女教师们”，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，其复数形式为women teachers。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. D ( 考点二 名词 所有格 ) 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 【初中考点用to情况】： the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 the ticket to....门票 the way to 去...的路上 1．—Is the room only for Amy? —No, it’s ________. A．Amy’s and her sister’s B．Amy’s and her sister C．Amy and her sister D．Amy and her sister’s 2．That’s _________ bedroom. They share the same bedroom. A．Lucy’s and Lily’s B．Lucy and Lily C．Lucy’s and Lily D．Lucy and Lily’s 思路点拨： 1.考查名词所有格。根据“No”并结合选项可知，房间为两人共有的，所以只在后一人名字后面加’s。故选D。 2.考查所有格。Lucy’s and Lily’s露西的和莉莉的；Lucy and Lily露西和莉莉； Lucy’s and Lily露西的和莉莉； Lucy and Lily’s露西和莉莉的。根据“They share the same bedroom.”可知，她们共享一间卧室，因此表示两个人共同的。故选D。 · 答案1. D 2. D 一．小学试题 （用所给动词的适当形式填空） 1. There are two ______ (box) on the table. 2. I have three ______ (pen). 3. The ______ (child) are playing games in the park. 4. There are many ______ (sheep) on the hill. 5. He has two ______ (watch). 6. The ______ (city) in China are very beautiful. 7. I can see some ______ (deer) in the forest. 8. There are five ______ (man) in the room. 9. These ______ (photo) are very nice. 10. The ______ (tooth) of the tiger are very sharp. 1. boxes 2. pens 3. children 4. sheep 5. watches6. cities 7. deer 8. men 9. photos 10. teeth 二．初中试题 1．Could you give me ________ on some colors in fashion? A．any advice B．some advice C．any advices D．some advices 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能给我一些时尚的颜色的建议吗？ 考查advice及some和any的用法。advice“建议”，不可数名词，排除CD；some一些，用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中；any用于否定句中。根据“Could you give me...”可知此处表示“希望得到肯定回答”，用some。故选B。 2．—Every family can get ________ and ________ every day for the cold winter. —Sounds great. A．half a kilo of banana; three cartons of milk B．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milks C．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk D．two kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在寒冷的冬天，每个家庭每天都可以得到一公斤香蕉和三盒牛奶。——听起来很棒。 考查名词。banana“香蕉”，为可数名词，所以可排除A项；milk“牛奶”，为不可数名词，所以可排除B项；kilo“公斤”，为可数名词，所以D项可排除。故选C。 3．There is a lot of ______ and three ______ on the table in the kitchen. A．bean; beef B．potatoes; tomatoes C．salt; chicken D．sugar; carrots 【答案】D 【详解】句意：厨房的桌子上有很多糖和三根胡萝卜。 考查可数名词和不可数名词。bean豆，可数名词；beef牛肉，不可数名词；potatoes土豆，复数名词；tomatoes西红柿，复数名词；salt盐，不可数名词；chicken鸡（可数名词），鸡肉（不可数名词）；sugar糖，不可数名词；carrots胡萝卜，复数名词。“a lot of ”许多，既可修饰可数名词的复数形式，也可修饰不可数名词。且结合be动词“is”可知，前一空是不可数名词。“three”是具体的数字，后面跟可数名词的复数形式。故选D。 4．—Will you buy any presents for your mother on ________ Day? — Yes. And she will also get presents on ________ Day. She is a teacher. A．Womens’; Teachers’ B．Women’s; Teacher’s C．Women’s; Teachers’ D．Womens’; Teacher’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你会在妇女节给你的妈妈买礼物吗？——是的。并且她会在教师节也得到一个礼物，她是一个老师。 考查名词所有格。Women’s Day妇女节；Teachers’ Day教师节；节假日，专有名词。故选C。 5．Miss Li has long black hair and ________. A．wear glasses B．wears glasses C．wear glass D．wears glass 【答案】B 【详解】句意：李小姐有着长长的黑头发并戴着眼镜。 考查第三人称单数用法及glasses的用法。主语“Miss Li”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用三单形式，故排除A和C项；“glasses”表示眼镜；“glass”表示“玻璃、杯子”。根据语境可知此处表示“戴眼镜”。故选B。 真题感知 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时，变为复数时，需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数；hero的复数是heroes，因此women heroes符合句意，故选B。 2．（2022·西藏·中考真题）More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture. A．Germans B．German C．Germany D．Germans’ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化。 考查词义辨析和名词复数。Germans德国人，名词复数；German德国人，名词单数；Germany德国；Germans’表述错误。“More and more”修饰可数名词复数，指人想了解中国文化。故选A。 3．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。 考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father，应用名词所有格，排除B选项；father是单数，此处表示两个人共同的父亲，在最后一个人名后加’s，故选A。 4．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Amazing China (《厉害了，我的国》), an ________ documentary, arouses (激起) Chinese ________ from deep inside. A．87-minutes; proud B．87-minute; pride C．87-minute; proud D．87 minutes; pride 【答案】B 【详解】句意：《厉害了，我的国》是一部87分钟的纪录片，它从内心深处唤起了中国人的自豪感。 考查复合形容词作定语及名词的用法。proud骄傲的，形容词；pride自豪感，名词。第一空用形容词87-minute作定语修饰后面的名词，87-minute是复合形容词，中间用连字符连接；第二空的成分为宾语，激发中国人的自豪感，应用名词pride作宾语。故选B。 5．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）The ________ of the new type of energy is of great importance to the development of the whole city. A．display B．decision C．discovery D．decoration 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这种新型能源的发现对整个城市的发展非常重要。 考查名词辨析。display展示；decision决定；discovery发现；decoration装饰。根据“new type of energy”可知，此处表示“新型能源的发现”，用discovery符合语境。故选C。 6．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。 考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，所以此处应用women； in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。 冠词 ( 考点一 不定冠词 ) 用法 例词或例句 用于第一次提到的人或事物前 I saw a boy sleeping over there. 用来指一类人或事物中的任何一个 I want to buy an English book. 表示数量,相当于one或each I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物 A man is waiting for you at the gate. 表示类别,泛指某一类人或物 A horse is bigger than a rabbit. 表示“每一”的意思,相当于every once a week; 200 kilometres an hour 用在such、quite、rather、half、what等词之后 such a busy day; half an hour 特别提醒 a和an都用于可数名词单数前，但两者用法有区别： 若随后的单词以辅音音素开头用a若随后的单词以元音音素开头用an *某些以元音字母开头的单词用a，因为其第一个音是/j/。如：a university，a European language。 *某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an，因为这些单词的＂h＂不发音。如：an honest boy，an hour ago。 字母s，x，n，m，f等用an 如：there is an “s”in the word. *在序数词前表示“又一，再一”。如：I’ve tried three times. Let me try a fourth time. 1．Look! There’s ________ baby. It’s so cute. A．an B．a C．the D．不填 2．My father is _____ engineer. He always helps our neighbours fix different machines. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 思路点拨：1.考查冠词。此处泛指“一个婴儿”，baby以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选B。 2.考查冠词辨析。a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词之前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词之前；the表特指；/不填。根据“My father is…engineer”可知，此处表示泛指，engineer是元音音素开头，应该用冠词an。故选B。 · 答案1. B 2. B ( 考点二 定冠词the ) 定冠词the的基本用法 用法 示例 表示双方都知道的人或事物 Give me the book,please. 特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物 Do you know the girl in red? 表示世界上独一无二的事物 The moon moves around the earth. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前 The first lesson is very easy. He is the younger of the two boys. 用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are watching TV now. 用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物 The orange is orange. 与某些形容词连用表一类人 We should help the old. 用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前 the Great Wall,the Summer Palace 1．Did you start to play ________ violin at ________ age of six? A．the; the B．the; an C．不填; the D．不填; a 2．Suqian is beautiful city in north of Jiangsu Province. A．a; / B．a; the C．/; a D．the; a 思路点拨：1.考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，具有“一”的概念，在以辅音音素开头的词前用a，在以元音音素开头的词前用an；the是定冠词，用于特指。第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词；第二次再次提到该人或该物时，用定冠词the。拉小提琴用play the violin表示，因此可先排除C和D；“在多大年龄时”用at the age of表示。故选A。 2.考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据“Suqian is...beautiful city”可知，此处表泛指，beautiful是以辅音音素开头的单词，此处填冠词a；根据“in...north of”可知，此处方位词前需要加定冠词the。故选B。 · 答案1. A 2. B ( 考点三 不用冠词（零冠词） ) 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时 Animals can’t live without water. Horses are helpful animals. 某些专有名词(如人名、地名、国家名等)、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指时 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York. Paper is made from wood. 名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时 Every student likes English in our class. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 This is Professor Li. 在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前 I went to school without breakfast this morning. He often plays football after school. 由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前 Nanjing Road Hainan Island 与by连用的交通工具名称前 by car,by train 在节假日名称前 New Year’s Day,Women’s Day 一．小学试题 选词填空，无需填词处用“/”表示。 a an the / (1)I have orange. It's big orange. (2) Great Wall is longest wall all over the world. It's in China. (3)This is old book. But it is useful book. (4)I like playing piano. But my brother likes playing football. (5)I usually have dinner at 6: 30 p. m. Then I go for walk with my parents. (6)What interesting story it is! (7) children are very happy on Children's Day. 1.(1)an, a(2)The, the,/(3)an, a(4)the,/(5)/,a(6)an (7)The,/ 二．初中试题 1．______ word “unusual” begins with ______ “u”. A．A;a B．A;an C．The;an D．The;a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“不寻常”这个单词以字母 “u” 开头。 考查冠词辨析。根据“______ word “unusual” begins with ______ “u”.”可知，第一个空应特指单词unusual；第二个空泛指字母u，u以辅音音素开头，用冠词a。故选D。 2．I have ________ pen. ________ pen is a present from Ben. A．a; A B．the; The C．a; The D．the; A 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我有一支钢笔。这支钢笔是来自Ben的礼物。 考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指，应填a。第二空后的pen是前文提到的，所以此空应填the表示特指前文提到的物，故选C。 3．We are now planning _________ one-day trip to the Palace Museum for the coming summer holiday. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们正计划在即将到来的暑假去故宫一日游。 考查冠词。此处泛指“一天的旅行”，one以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选A。 4．To be ________ NBA player, Stephen Curry started to practice at a young age. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了成为一名NBA球员，斯蒂芬·库里在很小的时候就开始练习。 考查冠词辨析。a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，常用于以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，常用于以元音音素开头的字母或单词前；the这个，定冠词，表特指。根据“To be…NBA player”可知，此处指“为了成为一名NBA球员”，表泛指，应用不定冠词；空后为NBA，字母“N”是以元音音素开头，空处应用an。故选B。 5．Jim took _________ one-hour ride around the lake yesterday. What _________ great fun he had! A．an, a B．an, / C．a, a D．a, / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆昨天骑车绕湖游了一个小时。他玩得多开心啊! 考查冠词。a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前。第一空为泛指，one-hour读音为辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，第二空格所在句子是以what引导的感叹句，fun是不可数名词，不用冠词，所以感叹句结构为What+不可数名词+主+谓！故选D。 真题感知 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家，“scientist”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 2．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我通常在学校和同学们一起吃午饭。 考查冠词。表示一日三餐前不加冠词，have lunch“吃午饭”。故选A。 3．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful life. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为现代中国的学生，每个人都应该努力工作，过有意义的生活。 考查冠词。此处用live a/an ... life表示“过着……的生活”，meaningful以辅音音素开头，其前用不定冠词a。故选A。 4．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。 考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”，固定搭配。故选C。 5．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国是一个有着五千多年历史的国家。 考查不定冠词表泛指。the表特指；a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前；/不用冠词。根据“country”可知应用不定冠词泛指“一个国家”，且其为辅音音素开头的单词，因此不定冠词用a。故选B。 代词 ( 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 ) 1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词构成如下： 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 【拓展】 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 1．—Jack, my grandmother learns things very fast! ________ can make short videos on Tik Tok. —Sounds great! A．He B．She C．Him D．Her 2．Miss Wang is a good teacher. She teaches ________ how to tell China’s stories well in English. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 3．All the ________ teachers enjoy ________ on March 8th, because it is their own holiday. A．woman; them B．woman; themselves C．women: themselves D．women; them 思路点拨：1.考查人称代词。He他，主格；She她，主格；Him他，宾格；Her她，宾格。根据“can make short videos on Tik Tok.”可知，此处要用人称代词主格，在句中作主语，结合“my grandmother learns things very fast!”可知，应用she。故选B。 2.考查代词辨析。we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。此处作为动词teach的宾语，用宾格形式，故选B。 3.考查名词复数及代词用法。woman妇女，名词单数；women妇女，名词复数；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己。woman作定语修饰名词，变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数，故排除选项A和B；enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”，固定搭配。故选C。 · 答案1. B 2.B 3. C ( 考点二 易混不定代词辨析 ) 不定代词 用法 例句 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books. Would you like some milk?　 any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree? There aren’t any buses. both 表示“两者都”。 Tom’s parents are both doctors. all 表示“三者或三者以上都”。 All of the books are very interesting. many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk. much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do. few 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here. a few 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket. little 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.　 a little 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left. other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas?　 the other 指“两者中的另一个”。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.　 another 指“三者或以上中的另一个”。 Would you like another cup of tea? others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum. the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese. 1．―I am so thirsty. Can I have ________ drinks? —There ________ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it? A．some; is a little B．any; are some C．any; is some D．some; are a few 2．—Which blouse do you want to buy? —I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother, and ________ is for my sister. A．other B．another C．the other D．the others 3．Some kids are unhealthy because they eat ________ vegetables but much meat. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 4．—________ Tommy and his parents ________ the film A little red flower? —Yes, ________ of them think it’s a beautiful story. A． Does; enjoy; all B．Are; interested in; all C．Do; enjoy; each D．Are; interested in; both 5．Jack, come to my office! I have __________ to tell you. A．important something B．nothing important C．something important D．important anything 思路点拨： 1.考查be动词和代词辨析。some一些，用于期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词；any任何，常用于疑问句和否定句中；is是，主语是单数；are是，主语是复数；a little一点，用于修饰不可数名词；a few一点，用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。分析“Can I have...drinks?”可知，该句是一个期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，所以第一空应用some，故排除选项B和C；第二空后的apple juice是不可数名词，结合剩余选项可知，第二空应用is a little。故选A。 2.考查代词用法。other其他的，其后跟名词复数；another指三者或以上中的另一个；the other指两者中的另一个；the others等于“the other +复数名词”，指某一范围内的其他的(人或物)。根据“I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother”可知，此处指的是两者中的另一件。故选C。 3.考查代词辨析。a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据“Some kids are unhealthy because they eat...”可知他们不健康，因为他们几乎不吃蔬菜，修饰可数名词复数vegetables用few。故选B。 4.考查主谓一致和不定代词。each（两个或两个以上的人或物中）各自；both两者都；all（三者或三者以上）都。问句的主语Tommy and his parents为复数，因此排除A选项。根据“think”可知，第三空排除C选项；them指代Tommy and his parents，三者，所以第三空又排除D选项。故选B。 5.考查复合不定代词的用法。something一些事情(常用于肯定句)；anything任何事情(常用于疑问句和否定句)，且形容词作定语时，需要后置。根据“I have...to tell you.”可知此处是肯定句。故选C。 · 答案1. A 2. C 3. B 4.B 5.C 一．小学试题 用适当的代词填空。 (1)My pen is broken. May borrow ? (2)-How much is the green dress?- - is 60 yuan. (3)- is that boy? - is my new friend. name is Mike. (4)- are those? - are sheep. Look at that little sheep. is so cute. (5)I wash clothes by . And my sister washes clothes by . (1)I,yours(2)It(3)Who,He,His(4)What, They, It (5)my, myself, her, herself 二．初中试题 1．—Excuse me, is this Jack’s pencil box? —Yes, it’s . A．mine B．ours C．his D．theirs 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，这是杰克的铅笔盒吗？——是的，是他的。 考查名词性物主代词。mine我的；ours我们的；his他的；theirs他们的。根据“is this Jack’s pencil box”这是杰克的铅笔盒吗，后文的答语，应是是的，它是杰克的。故选C。 2．Amy hid under ________ desk quickly when the earthquake (地震) happened. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：地震发生时，艾米迅速躲到她的桌子底下。 考查代词辨析。she她，人称代词主格；her她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself他自己，反身代词。根据“Amy hid under...desk”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词her作定语修饰名词desk。故选B。 3．—I walk my dogs every day. How do you look after ________? —My mum just asks me to keep mine clean. A．hers B．them C．yours D．yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我每天都遛狗。你怎样照顾你的狗？——我妈妈只是让我保持我的狗干净。 考查代词辨析。hers她的，名词性物主代词；them它们，人称代词宾格；yours你的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据“I walk my dogs every day”可知此处是在询问对方是如何照顾自己的狗，空后无名词，应使用名词性物主代词；主语是you，对应的名词性物主代词是yours。 故选C。 4．—Would you like ________ more vegetables or meat? —No, thanks. I’m full. I don’t want ________ food. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你想要更多的蔬菜还是肉？——不用了，谢谢。我吃饱了。我不想吃东西。 考查代词辨析。some一些，通常用于肯定句，表建议或请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句；any一些，通常用于否定句和疑问句。根据“Would you like...more vegetables or meat?”可知，此处希望得到肯定回答用some；根据“I don’t want...food.”可知，此处是否定句用any。故选A。 5．There is only ________ water in the bottle, so ________ people can drink it. A．a few; few B．a little; few C．little; a few D．a little; a little 【答案】B 【详解】句意：瓶子里只有一点水，所以很少有人能喝。 考查代词辨析。a few少数，表肯定；few很少的，表否定；a little一点点，表肯定；little少许，表否定。little后跟不可数名词；few后跟可数名词复数。由“There is only…water in the bottle, so…people can drink it”可知，此处表示还有一点点水，但能够喝到的人不多，第一空应用a little修饰，第二空应用few修饰。故选B。 6．—It’s really difficult to fly this big kite. —Have ________ try! Don’t say no before you try hard enough. A．other B．others C．another D．the other 【答案】C 【详解】——放这个大风筝真的太难了。——再试一次，在你尽力之前不要轻易说不。 考查词义辨析。other别的；others其他的人或事；another另一个(3者及以上)；the other另一个(2者之间)。通过“It’s really difficult to fly this big kite.”可知说话者已经放了风筝，another表示“另一次，再一次”；have another try表示“再试一次”。故选C。 真题感知 1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler. —Don’t worry. I can share mine with you. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——哦！我忘了带尺子。——别担心。我可以和你分享我的。 考查代词辨析。I我，主格；me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。修饰名词ruler用形容词性物主代词。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）—Who was calling you on the phone just now? —________ was my cousin. A．He B．She C．It D．This 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——刚才是谁给你打电话？——是我表妹。 考查代词辨析。He他；She她；It它；This这。根据“Who was calling you on the phone just now”可知，是询问对方是谁，指代不明身份的人常用代词it。故选C。 3．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小玛丽为自己感到骄傲，因为她教李叔叔如何在网上借书。 考查代词辨析。herself她自己；hers她的；she她；her她/她的。根据“Little Mary was proud of …because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.”可知，此处指为她自己感到骄傲，故选A。 4．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）“What’s that?” is ________ of the first things that children say. A．some B．each C．one D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“那是什么？”这是孩子们说的第一句话。 考查代词辨析。some一些；each每个；one一；that那。“What’s that?”是孩子们说的一句话，one of the+名词复数，表“……之一”。故选C。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 名词、冠词和代词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 名词 冠词 代词 名词 ( 考点一 名词 复数 ) （1）规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 cake—cakes bag—bags student—students bed—beds 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等结尾的词 bus—buses　box—boxes　watch—watches 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 baby—babies city—cities　country—countries lady—ladies 以元音字母加-y结尾的词 toy—toys　monkey—monkeys 以f(fe)结尾的词 leaf—leaves　wolf—wolves　life—lives 以-ce,-se,-ze,-(d)ge等结尾的词 face—faces　orange—oranges （2）不规则变化： 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/ ,woman/ , policeman/ , Englishman/ , Frenchman/ oo变ee式 tooth/ , foot/ , goose/ 词尾加-ren child/ 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 1．—What do you want to buy in the mall? —Four ________ and ________. A．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomatoes B．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomato C．carton of milk; two kilos of tomatoes D．carton of milk; two kilos of tomato 2．All the girl students and ________ at our school will receive flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．women teacher C．woman teachers D．women teachers 思路点拨： 1.考查名词的数。cartons of milk多盒牛奶；two kilos of tomatoes两公斤西红柿。根据空前数词 four 可知，此处需用可数名词“carton”的复数形式 cartons，milk为不可数名词。数词 two 后需接可数名词“kilo”的复数形式 kilos。tomatoes为可数名词 ， 需用复数形式 tomatoes。故选A。 2.考查复合名词的复数形式。woman teacher“女教师”，All后跟名词复数，故空处指“女教师们”，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，其复数形式为women teachers。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. D ( 考点二 名词 所有格 ) 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 【初中考点用to情况】： the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 the ticket to....门票 the way to 去...的路上 1．—Is the room only for Amy? —No, it’s ________. A．Amy’s and her sister’s B．Amy’s and her sister C．Amy and her sister D．Amy and her sister’s 2．That’s _________ bedroom. They share the same bedroom. A．Lucy’s and Lily’s B．Lucy and Lily C．Lucy’s and Lily D．Lucy and Lily’s 思路点拨： 1.考查名词所有格。根据“No”并结合选项可知，房间为两人共有的，所以只在后一人名字后面加’s。故选D。 2.考查所有格。Lucy’s and Lily’s露西的和莉莉的；Lucy and Lily露西和莉莉； Lucy’s and Lily露西的和莉莉； Lucy and Lily’s露西和莉莉的。根据“They share the same bedroom.”可知，她们共享一间卧室，因此表示两个人共同的。故选D。 · 答案1. D 2. D 一．小学试题 （用所给动词的适当形式填空） 1. There are two ______ (box) on the table. 2. I have three ______ (pen). 3. The ______ (child) are playing games in the park. 4. There are many ______ (sheep) on the hill. 5. He has two ______ (watch). 6. The ______ (city) in China are very beautiful. 7. I can see some ______ (deer) in the forest. 8. There are five ______ (man) in the room. 9. These ______ (photo) are very nice. 10. The ______ (tooth) of the tiger are very sharp. 二．初中试题 1．Could you give me ________ on some colors in fashion? A．any advice B．some advice C．any advices D．some advices 2．—Every family can get ________ and ________ every day for the cold winter. —Sounds great. A．half a kilo of banana; three cartons of milk B．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milks C．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk D．two kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk 3．There is a lot of ______ and three ______ on the table in the kitchen. A．bean; beef B．potatoes; tomatoes C．salt; chicken D．sugar; carrots 4．—Will you buy any presents for your mother on ________ Day? — Yes. And she will also get presents on ________ Day. She is a teacher. A．Womens’; Teachers’ B．Women’s; Teacher’s C．Women’s; Teachers’ D．Womens’; Teacher’s 5．Miss Li has long black hair and ________. A．wear glasses B．wears glasses C．wear glass D．wears glass 真题感知 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 2．（2022·西藏·中考真题）More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture. A．Germans B．German C．Germany D．Germans’ 3．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 4．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Amazing China (《厉害了，我的国》), an ________ documentary, arouses (激起) Chinese ________ from deep inside. A．87-minutes; proud B．87-minute; pride C．87-minute; proud D．87 minutes; pride 5．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）The ________ of the new type of energy is of great importance to the development of the whole city. A．display B．decision C．discovery D．decoration 6．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 冠词 ( 考点一 不定冠词 ) 用法 例词或例句 用于第一次提到的人或事物前 I saw a boy sleeping over there. 用来指一类人或事物中的任何一个 I want to buy an English book. 表示数量,相当于one或each I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物 A man is waiting for you at the gate. 表示类别,泛指某一类人或物 A horse is bigger than a rabbit. 表示“每一”的意思,相当于every once a week; 200 kilometres an hour 用在such、quite、rather、half、what等词之后 such a busy day; half an hour 特别提醒 a和an都用于可数名词单数前，但两者用法有区别： 若随后的单词以辅音音素开头用a若随后的单词以元音音素开头用an *某些以元音字母开头的单词用a，因为其第一个音是/j/。如：a university，a European language。 *某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an，因为这些单词的＂h＂不发音。如：an honest boy，an hour ago。 字母s，x，n，m，f等用an 如：there is an “s”in the word. *在序数词前表示“又一，再一”。如：I’ve tried three times. Let me try a fourth time. 1．Look! There’s ________ baby. It’s so cute. A．an B．a C．the D．不填 2．My father is _____ engineer. He always helps our neighbours fix different machines. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 思路点拨：1.考查冠词。此处泛指“一个婴儿”，baby以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选B。 2.考查冠词辨析。a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词之前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词之前；the表特指；/不填。根据“My father is…engineer”可知，此处表示泛指，engineer是元音音素开头，应该用冠词an。故选B。 · 答案1. B 2. B ( 考点二 定冠词the ) 定冠词the的基本用法 用法 示例 表示双方都知道的人或事物 Give me the book,please. 特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物 Do you know the girl in red? 表示世界上独一无二的事物 The moon moves around the earth. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前 The first lesson is very easy. He is the younger of the two boys. 用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are watching TV now. 用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物 The orange is orange. 与某些形容词连用表一类人 We should help the old. 用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前 the Great Wall,the Summer Palace 1．Did you start to play ________ violin at ________ age of six? A．the; the B．the; an C．不填; the D．不填; a 2．Suqian is beautiful city in north of Jiangsu Province. A．a; / B．a; the C．/; a D．the; a 思路点拨：1.考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，具有“一”的概念，在以辅音音素开头的词前用a，在以元音音素开头的词前用an；the是定冠词，用于特指。第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词；第二次再次提到该人或该物时，用定冠词the。拉小提琴用play the violin表示，因此可先排除C和D；“在多大年龄时”用at the age of表示。故选A。 2.考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据“Suqian is...beautiful city”可知，此处表泛指，beautiful是以辅音音素开头的单词，此处填冠词a；根据“in...north of”可知，此处方位词前需要加定冠词the。故选B。 · 答案1. A 2. B ( 考点三 不用冠词（零冠词） ) 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时 Animals can’t live without water. Horses are helpful animals. 某些专有名词(如人名、地名、国家名等)、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指时 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York. Paper is made from wood. 名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时 Every student likes English in our class. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 This is Professor Li. 在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前 I went to school without breakfast this morning. He often plays football after school. 由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前 Nanjing Road Hainan Island 与by连用的交通工具名称前 by car,by train 在节假日名称前 New Year’s Day,Women’s Day 一．小学试题 选词填空，无需填词处用“/”表示。 a an the / (1)I have orange. It's big orange. (2) Great Wall is longest wall all over the world. It's in China. (3)This is old book. But it is useful book. (4)I like playing piano. But my brother likes playing football. (5)I usually have dinner at 6: 30 p. m. Then I go for walk with my parents. (6)What interesting story it is! (7) children are very happy on Children's Day. 二．初中试题 1．______ word “unusual” begins with ______ “u”. A．A;a B．A;an C．The;an D．The;a 2．I have ________ pen. ________ pen is a present from Ben. A．a; A B．the; The C．a; The D．the; A 3．We are now planning _________ one-day trip to the Palace Museum for the coming summer holiday. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 4．To be ________ NBA player, Stephen Curry started to practice at a young age. A．a B．an C．the 5．Jim took _________ one-hour ride around the lake yesterday. What _________ great fun he had! A．an, a B．an, / C．a, a D．a, / 真题感知 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 3．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful life. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 4．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 5．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 代词 ( 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 ) 1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词构成如下： 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 【拓展】 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 1．—Jack, my grandmother learns things very fast! ________ can make short videos on Tik Tok. —Sounds great! A．He B．She C．Him D．Her 2．Miss Wang is a good teacher. She teaches ________ how to tell China’s stories well in English. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 3．All the ________ teachers enjoy ________ on March 8th, because it is their own holiday. A．woman; them B．woman; themselves C．women: themselves D．women; them 思路点拨：1.考查人称代词。He他，主格；She她，主格；Him他，宾格；Her她，宾格。根据“can make short videos on Tik Tok.”可知，此处要用人称代词主格，在句中作主语，结合“my grandmother learns things very fast!”可知，应用she。故选B。 2.考查代词辨析。we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。此处作为动词teach的宾语，用宾格形式，故选B。 3.考查名词复数及代词用法。woman妇女，名词单数；women妇女，名词复数；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己。woman作定语修饰名词，变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数，故排除选项A和B；enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”，固定搭配。故选C。 · 答案1. B 2.B 3. C ( 考点二 易混不定代词辨析 ) 不定代词 用法 例句 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books. Would you like some milk?　 any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree? There aren’t any buses. both 表示“两者都”。 Tom’s parents are both doctors. all 表示“三者或三者以上都”。 All of the books are very interesting. many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk. much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do. few 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here. a few 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket. little 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.　 a little 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left. other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas?　 the other 指“两者中的另一个”。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.　 another 指“三者或以上中的另一个”。 Would you like another cup of tea? others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum. the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese. 1．―I am so thirsty. Can I have ________ drinks? —There ________ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it? A．some; is a little B．any; are some C．any; is some D．some; are a few 2．—Which blouse do you want to buy? —I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother, and ________ is for my sister. A．other B．another C．the other D．the others 3．Some kids are unhealthy because they eat ________ vegetables but much meat. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 4．—________ Tommy and his parents ________ the film A little red flower? —Yes, ________ of them think it’s a beautiful story. A． Does; enjoy; all B．Are; interested in; all C．Do; enjoy; each D．Are; interested in; both 5．Jack, come to my office! I have __________ to tell you. A．important something B．nothing important C．something important D．important anything 思路点拨： 1.考查be动词和代词辨析。some一些，用于期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词；any任何，常用于疑问句和否定句中；is是，主语是单数；are是，主语是复数；a little一点，用于修饰不可数名词；a few一点，用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。分析“Can I have...drinks?”可知，该句是一个期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，所以第一空应用some，故排除选项B和C；第二空后的apple juice是不可数名词，结合剩余选项可知，第二空应用is a little。故选A。 2.考查代词用法。other其他的，其后跟名词复数；another指三者或以上中的另一个；the other指两者中的另一个；the others等于“the other +复数名词”，指某一范围内的其他的(人或物)。根据“I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother”可知，此处指的是两者中的另一件。故选C。 3.考查代词辨析。a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据“Some kids are unhealthy because they eat...”可知他们不健康，因为他们几乎不吃蔬菜，修饰可数名词复数vegetables用few。故选B。 4.考查主谓一致和不定代词。each（两个或两个以上的人或物中）各自；both两者都；all（三者或三者以上）都。问句的主语Tommy and his parents为复数，因此排除A选项。根据“think”可知，第三空排除C选项；them指代Tommy and his parents，三者，所以第三空又排除D选项。故选B。 5.考查复合不定代词的用法。something一些事情(常用于肯定句)；anything任何事情(常用于疑问句和否定句)，且形容词作定语时，需要后置。根据“I have...to tell you.”可知此处是肯定句。故选C。 · 答案1. A 2. C 3. B 4.B 5.C 一．小学试题 用适当的代词填空。 (1)My pen is broken. May borrow ? (2)-How much is the green dress?- - is 60 yuan. (3)- is that boy? - is my new friend. name is Mike. (4)- are those? - are sheep. Look at that little sheep. is so cute. (5)I wash clothes by . And my sister washes clothes by . 二．初中试题 1．—Excuse me, is this Jack’s pencil box? —Yes, it’s . A．mine B．ours C．his D．theirs 2．Amy hid under ________ desk quickly when the earthquake (地震) happened. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 3．—I walk my dogs every day. How do you look after ________? —My mum just asks me to keep mine clean. A．hers B．them C．yours D．yourself 4．—Would you like ________ more vegetables or meat? —No, thanks. I’m full. I don’t want ________ food. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 5．There is only ________ water in the bottle, so ________ people can drink it. A．a few; few B．a little; few C．little; a few D．a little; a little 6．—It’s really difficult to fly this big kite. —Have ________ try! Don’t say no before you try hard enough. A．other B．others C．another D．the other 真题感知 1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler. —Don’t worry. I can share mine with you. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 2．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）—Who was calling you on the phone just now? —________ was my cousin. A．He B．She C．It D．This 3．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 4．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）“What’s that?” is ________ of the first things that children say. A．some B．each C．one D．that 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$