专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(二)-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（新高考通用）

专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(二) ( 高频话题 01 体育 / 旅游交通 ) Passage 1 (2023-2024学年高二下·河北·期末)Hannah Ray J was introduced to river surfing after noticing a surfer in the middle of a river in Iowa by chance. This arouse a passion that has since defined her life. River surfing, once a excited activity, is now gaining public attention in the Midwest as an exciting outdoor sport. New Whitewater parks and surfing areas are being developed across the region, such as in Nebraska and Iowa, with plans to attract thousands of visitors, boosting local economies. Badfish SUP, a Colorado-based company, reports a significant rise in river surfboard sales since the pandemic(疫情) began. They’ve even named a board “Wave Farmer” in honor of those living near these new recreation spots. The constant waves in rivers, unlike the ocean, allow surfers to practice constantly. Technological advancements have helped transform river surfing from a rare to a mainstream activity. The growing interest is evident in the number of cars at the WOKA Whitewater park in Oklahoma, exceeding expectations. WOKA offers rent gear(齿轮) and live webcams(摄像头) to check wave conditions. The community support for such activities is also noticeable, with businesses related to Whitewater activities expanding into the area. Other cities are looking to reproduce these successes with plans for Whitewater parks on their rivers. However, challenges remain, including water quality issues, variable river flows, and safety risks associated with fast-moving water. Despite these barriers, river surfing looks set to continue its rise in popularity, offering both thrills and economic opportunities for many communities. 1. What does paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A. The history of surfing. B. The girl’s discovery. C. The source of the girl’s interest of surfing. D. The reason why surfing popular. 2. Why was the board “Wave Farmer” invented? A. To praise the residents nearby. B. To honor the nearly recreation spots. C. To stay away from the pandemic. D. To attract more and more visitors. 3. What maybe the best meaning of the underlined word “mainstream” in paragraph 3? A. 次要的 B. 主流的 C. 大众的 D. 细微的 4. What do we know about nowadays river surfing activities? A. The support from the community had been noticed. B. It will continuously rise its popularity if the barriers can be solved. C. Other cities had reproduced the same success of Whitewater park. D. Its popularity also constantly rise although there are some barriers. Passage 2 (2023-2024学年高二下·江西抚州·期末)River surfing was inspired by ocean surfing, but its popularity is growing all on its own. Traditional surfing began more than 3,000 years ago in Western Polynesia. First making its way to Hawaii, the sport has since spread across the globe, leaving in its wake wave — chasers from all corners of the planet — even land-locked places. Some surfers hungry for waves but without coastlines have turned to river surfing, which delivers a similar experience in ocean-less conditions. In 1970’s Munich, a small group of adventurous surfers took to the Eisbach River near Englischer Garten Park. Holding tight to two ropes attached to a bridge, they balanced on wooden planks(厚木板) in the river to imitate the ocean surfing they had experienced abroad. This is the moment many river surfers believe the sport was born. River waves are formed either by water flowing quickly downstream over a drop in sea level, creating standing waves, or by tidal bores(涌潮), which occur where rivers meet the sea. The speed of the water controls the energy of a wave, while the length of the drop decides its size. Because the thickness of a wave also matters (surf fails if there’s just a few inches of water), the size of the river channel is also important. Rideable waves can occur with slow flow and small drop conditions if the river channel is narrow enough to create a thick wave, and the opposite is true for wide channels. Because flow can change from day to day and season to season, thanks to a previous winter’s snowfall or other natural phenomena, even an expert has to be at the right spot on the right day to discover a surfable river wave. There are a handful river waves across the U. S. that are particularly worth checking out. Don’t forget your personal equipment and, for rocky or debris-filled(充满杂物的) rivers, a helmet. 5. Which description of river surfing is true from the passage? A. It first occurred in Hawaii. B. It has lasted for more than 3,000 years. C. It actually is a replacement for ocean surfing. D. It has become more popular than traditional surfing. 6. Where is river surfing considered to be created? A. In the Eisbach River. B. In Western Polynesia. C. In Littleton, Colorado. D. In Englischer Garten Park. 7. Which is correct about the river channel? A. It affects tidal bores. B. Its size decides the thickness of waves. C. Narrow river channels create slow river flow. D. Wide river channels contribute to rapid and thick waves. 8. What’s the purpose of the last sentence? A. To note that river surfing is actually fascinating. B. To showcase the difficulty finding a perfect wave. C. To express the necessity of professional equipment. D. To stress the importance of safety when river surfing. Passage 3 (2023-2024学年高二下·福建福州·期末)One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as ‘the last paradise on earth’. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most in a rush to make quick money. In recent years, Nepal’s forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise, with the consequent destruction of precious trees and plants. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 9. What does the underlined sentence of Para. 1 imply about tourism expansion? A. Its technical challenge. B. Its positive social effects. C. Its potential drawbacks. D. Its undervalued profitability. 10. Why does the author mention “Nepal” in Para. 2? A. To support an argument. B. To make comparison. C. To show cause and effect. D. To group related ideas. 11. What is the main impact of tourism on farmers based on the text? A. Increased opportunities. B. Improved work-life balance. C. Transformed livelihood. D. Enhanced social status. 12. What may determine the future of tourism? A. Cultural diversity. B. Off-track destinations. C. Stable market. D. Strengthened management. Passage 4 (2023-2024学年高二下·湖南衡阳·期末)From “gig-tripping” to “travel dupes” to “hush trips,” the number of new travel trends is seemingly endless. But perhaps the most appealing concept in the tourism space of late is the “sleepeation”. So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation. According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. The research also showed that sleeping topped the list of U. S. travelers’ main activities for their next vacation, outranking shopping, nightlife and wildlife spotting. While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay. The Malibu Beach Inn in Southern California features two designated “sleep suites”, and the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai on Hawaii’s Big Island offers an 80-minute “sweet dreams” massage treatment meant to promote a good night’s rest. Virgin Hotels Dallasoffers blackout curtains in each room and bedtime amenities(便利设施) like bath bombs and relaxation spray. Although these amenities and services might seem like unnecessary luxuries, the reality is that doing whatever you can to prioritize sleep is quite important. “Most people don’t get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep per night,” noted Danielle Desir Corbett, a luxury travel and personal finance expert. “Over time, this ‘sleep debt’ can have serious health implications, affecting cognitive(认知的)function, mood, weight, and immune systems. Sleep is even linked to chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Sleepeations focus on rest and rejuvenation and can be a powerful tool in preventing health issues.” 13. What did Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report find? A. Travelers are more mindful of their sleep health. B. The travelers’ activities are more and more varied. C. Only a few travelers are interested in sleep tourism. D. Sleep is good for our physical and mental wellness. 14. Why does the author mention the hotels in Paragraph 3? A. To show us the luxuries of the hotels. B. To emphasize the importance of sleep. C. To prove the popularity of sleepcation. D. To make an advertisement for the hotels. 15. What is Danielle Desir Corbett’s attitude towards sleepcation? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Opposed. D. Approving. 16. What is the best title for the text? A. Sleepcation: Enrich Your Vacation Activities B. Sleepcation: Be an Important Part of Your Life C. Sleepcation: Boo st the Development of Tourism D. Sleepcation: Get a Vacation from Your Vacation Passage 5 (2023-2024学年高二下·浙江丽水·期末)Ten years ago, Britain’s first stretch of all-lane running (ALR)“smart” motorway was introduced, with more to follow. As a way to ease congestion(堵塞) without spending money on widening roads, ALR motorways function without a hard shoulder for drivers in difficulty. As they were rolled out, motorists were assured that the emergency lane would not be missed, as new technologies would be able to respond to breakdowns, and control traffic flow. The public was understandably doubtful about how smart this idea was, and it turned out the public was right. Smart motorways without a hard shoulder have been found to be three times more dangerous than ones where drivers have that option. Behind the data lie terrible incidents, in which stationary(不动的) vehicles have been ploughed into from behind with serious consequences. Rightly, Rishi Sunak last year stopped plans for more ALR motorways, citing a lack of public confidence. But he should go further. The RAC this week called for a hard shoulder to be restored on all smart motorways. That advice should be listened to in Whitehall and acted upon. A 2021 House of Commons transport committee report made shockingly clear that before rolling the “no emergency lane” policy out, ministers driven by the desire to save money failed to do due diligence on the safety risks attached. Since then, plans to retrofit(翻新) refuge areas along motorway routes have proceeded at a snail’s pace. Of the 150 emergency areas due to be in place by next year, only a tiny proportion have been delivered. Even when all are up and running, the risk of a catastrophic breakdown in onrushing traffic will remain. At a minimum, the government should move to a system of “dynamic” motorways, where emergency lanes are only opened to traffic at particularly busy periods. But the preferable solution would be to restore a permanent hard shoulder. This could be done while keeping the benefits of investment in technical innovations that allow traffic to be better monitored and flexibly regulated. Mr Sunak did the right thing in bringing a foolish experiment to an end. The next task is to correct the damage already done. 17. Why were ALR motorways introduced? A. To reduce serious traffic accidents. B. To relieve traffic jam at low costs. C. To save money on road maintenance. D. To improve motorists’driving skills. 18. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Roads with a hard shoulder posed little threat. B. Smart motorways failed to win public favor. C. Ministers were driven by the greed for money. D. Rishi Sunak was forced to stop smart motorways. 19. What does the author suggest the government do? A. Build more emergency areas. B. Invest in technical advances. C. Calculate the potential damage. D. Keep a hard shoulder in place. 20. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Smart Motorways Are Not Clever Without a Hard Shoulder B. Smart Motorways Witnessed Catastrophic Breakdowns C. Smart Motorways Benefit From Technological Innovation D. Smart Motorways Raised the Doubts of the General Public Passage 6 (2023-2024学年高二下·福建福州·期末)For many students who desire to move around but not far freely, one of the most common vehicles is the bicycle. For such a seemingly simple invention, its story is not that simple. Most historians trace its origin back to 1817, when a German nobleman named Karl von Drais invented a wooden, two-wheeled machine that riders moved forward with their feet. His invention became popular in both England and France, where it eventually became known as the velocipede. Unfortunately, it was eventually banned as a danger to pedestrians and was rarely seen after the early 1820s. Things were quiet for several decades until the bicycle development took off in the 1860s. An important milestone happened in Paris in 1863 when pedals(踏板) were added to the front axle(轴) . This occurred in Pierre Michaux’s workshop, but it’s unclear whether he or his employee, Pierre Lallement, should be given credit for the innovation. Lallement moved to the United States, where he obtained a patent for “improvements in velocipedes” in 1866. These new machines proved to be popular, and the name “bicycle” had come into use by 1869. However, many people referred to them as “bone shakers”, which described their clunky ride due to a heavy wooden frame and steel wheels. In the 1870s, “high wheelers” or “penny-farthings” became popular. However, with a large front wheel and a much smaller rear wheel, they could be dangerous, if riders had to stop suddenly, as they would “take a header” when their momentum(动量) carried them over the front wheel onto their heads. Eventually, English inventor John Kemp Starley designed a “safety bicycle” with two same small wheels, a chain drive, and a set of gears. With tires added in and brake(刹车) systems bettered in the following decades, bicycle production had skyrocketed to over one million bicycles by 1899. Mass production of bicycles increased their popularity greatly, since they became affordable for the average person. Over the course of the 20th century, manufacturers continued to improve the features and design of bicycles as new technologies appeared. 21. Why did the early bicycle fail to be allowed after its invention? A. It was made of bad materials. B. It was pushed by riders’ feet. C. It was thought to be a threat to traffic safety. D. It had no patent from the official organization. 22. What change did the 1860s see in the bicycle? A. The update of its axle. B. The growth of employees in its factory. C. An advance in its production workshop. D. An improvement in its drive part. 23. What does the underlined word “clunky” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Easy and cheap. B. Practical and safe. C. Heavy and awkward. D. Convenient and simple. 24. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Bicycles’ Development Is Helpful to Environment B. Bicycles Have a Long and Rich History C. Bicycles Have Been Popular in the World D. The World Becomes Smaller Because of Bicycles ( 地 城 高频话题 02 历史 / 社会 ) Passage 1 (2023-2024学年高二下·河北·期末)In 1972, the announcement of the Oncorhynchus rastrosus discovery frightened the scientific community. This old salmon(鲑鱼) species was originally thought to have sharp teeth. However, recent research suggests its teeth were more like warthog(疣猪) teeth, advertise to the side from its nose. These huge salmon, averaging over 8.5 feet in length, once lived in Pacific Northwest waters over 5 million years ago. The original theory proposed these unique adaptations helped the fish during its migration from the ocean to freshwater. However, a new study published in PLOS ONE offers a different perspective. Researcher Kerin Claeson and her team suggest the teeth’s placement and structure were ideal for defense. The salmon’s powerful lateral(侧面的) muscles, responsible for their characteristic swimming style, could have enabled them to use these spikes(尖刺) aggressively against hunters. Earlier speculations implied at a possible nest-building function for the unusual teeth. Signs of wear on some adult specimens implied rubbing(摩擦) against hard riverbed surfaces. However, the latest fossil evidence suggests a more oppositional purpose. The debate continues within the scientific community, with some experts arguing that the spikes were advantageous for digging nests or threatening competitors. Regardless of their precise function, the reconstructed appearance of O. rastrosus challenges previous assumptions about this old marine creature. Its spectacular set of teeth would have made it a powerful existence in ancient waters, either as a defender of its territory or as an aggressive competitor in the wilds of the Pacific Northwest. This fascinating revision(修订) illustrates the dynamic evolutionary adaptations of creatures in response to ancient ecosystems, leaving us with a renewed appreciation for the complex and ever-changing story of life on Earth. 1. What do we know about the old salmon according to paragraph 1-2 ? A. It has warthog’s teeth. B. It used to have sharp teeth. C. It has existed over 5 million years ago. D. It is famous for his teeth. 2. How can old salmon stay away from their hunters ? A. By the strengthen muscles and unique swimming style. B. By building nest with their sharp teeth. C. By rubbing against hard riverbed surfaces with their teeth. D. By the spikes’ structure and placement. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly about ? A. The powerful marine animals. B. The new understanding of old salmon. C. The sharp teeth and its effect. D. The new finding of this creature. 4. Which can be the best title of this passage ? A. The New Finding of the Teeth of Old Salmon B. Old Salmon－the Most Defensive Animal in the Sea C. Exploring the Old Marine Life D. Old Salmon: Unveiling a Prehistoric Mystery Passage 2 (2023-2024学年高一下·黑龙江鸡西·期末)The earliest discovered cave paintings date back to the Upper Paleolithic(旧石器时代晚期) period. We might expect that they would be simply made, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a high degree of skill. So do the cave paintings in southern Africa. Some of those appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as that in Europe. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters at least 30,000 years ago. The researchers identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: in obviously inhabited(有人居住的) rock shelters and cave entrances; in galleries near the inhabited areas of caves, and in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been considered as a sign that magical religious activities were performed there. The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no decoration. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that was their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely found in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in south western France is more clearly revealed by the results of a study. The data suggest that the animals in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat. For example, wild cattle and horses are found more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier meatier(多肉的) than other animals in the environment. In addition, in the paintings there are mostly animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as horns. That is, mammoths(猛犸) were drawn more often than deer. 5. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Painting in Europe is not so old as that in southern Africa. B. The cave paintings in southern Africa reflect ancient people’s super skill. C. The early Australians drew cave paintings later than the early Europeans. D. Most of the cave paintings of Spain and southern France were simply drawn. 6. Where can we find galleries in western Europe? A. Close to the inhabited areas of caves. B. In the inner reaches of caves. C. In a place too far from caves. D. At cave entrances. 7. What does the third paragraph reveal about the cave paintings? A. The subjects mainly include plants and animals. B. Human figures are usually found in cave art. C. The paintings were drawn on bare walls. D. They were carefully and well decorated. 8. Which might NOT be the reason why mammoths were often drawn in the paintings? A. They were very fast. B. They were quite large. C. They were rather tasty. D. They had natural weapons. Passage 3 (2023-2024学年高二下·江西·期末)In the fall of 2021, Jacob Geersen, a marine geologist, was teaching a one-week field course at the University of Kiel. Students were requested to map the shape of the seafloor. For some students, it’s the best time during their studies. “Usually if we go somewhere and do these measurements,” says Geersen, “then we find something interesting.” One night, in the Bay of Mecklenburg, the students fired up the echosounders(回声测深仪) and mapped the seafloor. “We saw that there was something special on the seafloor,” says Geersen. They didn’t know at the time that they’d discovered a stone wall more than half a mile long dating back to the Stone Age. Geersen was used to seeing rocks and stones show up on the echosounder, but he could already tell that what he was seeing was different. A year later, Geersen, his colleagues and a new group of students returned to that same site and lowered a camera down, and confirmed this ridge(脊状物) was made up of thousands of rocks that formed a kind of wall standing about 1.5 feet tall on average. Geersen didn’t know how such a structure could have formed naturally. “It was only when we went to the archaeologists that they said, ‘You may have found something very significant.’” Archaeologists on the project agreed that the wall was likely used by hunter-gatherers 10,000 to 11,000 years ago during the Stone Age to help them herd and hunt reindeer by the hundreds. People living during the Stone Age were more complex than we tend to believe. “We always think of them on the edge of starvation, trying to make a living out of the landscape. And that’s just not true,” she says. “Instead, people in Europe were building things before these more classical structures that we think of.” However, to confirm this wall was made by human and used to hunt, more archaeological evidence of hunting-related activity is needed. 9. How did Geersen view the stone wall? A. He felt it was very delicate. B. He could find it was different. C. He was used to touching such things. D. He recognized it as the oldest wall. 10. What is the key step to confirm the value of the wall? A. Returning and re-researching. B. Lowering a camera down. C. Considering natural reasons. D. Asking archaeologists for help. 11. What could the discovery of the stone wall mean? A. People from the Stone Age struggled to make a living. B. People from the Stone Age depended on nature deeply. C. Previously commonly held views might be wrong. D. Evidence of hunting-related activity was discovered. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Discover an Ancient Stone Age Stone Wall B. An Archaeological Discovery Has Shocked the World C. Human Beings 10,000 Years Ago Could Already Hunt D. Stone Age Life Was More Abundant than We Thought Passage 4 (2023-2024学年高二下·山东潍坊·期末)You may have heard the name “Michelin” because it’s related to Michelin tires. The tire producers Andre and Edouard Michelin created something called a “Michelin Guide” in 1900. It was originally meant as a guide specifically for France, outlining all of the travel destinations and why you should visit them, and thus encouraging people to buy cars, which meant more tire sales. This guide included gas stations, repair shops, and notable restaurants. The Michelin Guide began to cover all sorts of European and North African countries, but then, the First World War hit and production stopped. After the war, though, the Michelin brothers adapted the guide and began charging for it. This adapted guide included hotel listings. It removed advertising and then began to actually categorize and rate restaurants. By the year 1936, they had finalized their three-star standards that they would award to restaurants. One Michelin star was classified as “a very good restaurant in its category”. Two Michelin stars meant “excellent cooking, worth a detour(迂回)”. And lastly, three Michelin stars meant “exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey”. Now, there are Michelin Guides for 23 countries. Michelin hires undercover reviewers called “inspectors” that travel to restaurants secretly and decide their category. These inspectors are not even allowed to disclose to their parents their actual line of work, since parents will likely feel honored and show it off. So the number of inspectors that actually exist is unpublicized. To get a three-star rating isn’t always a good thing, though. A few restaurants have asked Michelin to take back their star rating. For example, Petersham Nurseries Cafe in London got a star in 2011, but people visiting expected a formal dining experience and unrealistic expectations of what the restaurant really was. Some restaurants in Japan also turned it down because they wouldn’t be able to keep up their quality of food with such a fierce jump in popularity. Everything must be perfect. Not good, not excellent — perfect. These are the absolute bare basics of the Michelin star system: some history and some highlights. 13. What is the original purpose of making Michelin Guide? A. To promote the company’s tire sales B. To popularize some fascinating hotels. C. To develop tourism industry in France. D. To regularize the reference on restaurants. 14. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The principles of Michelin charge. B. The introduction of Michelin Guide. C. The criteria of Michelin star ranking. D. The distribution of Michelin restaurants. 15. Which of the following best describes an inspector? A. Romantic. B. Mysterious. C. Respectable. D. Promising. 16. Why do some restaurants give up their Michelin star rating? A. They are fed up with the crowded customers. B. The Michelin star rating ruins their reputations. C. There are some drawbacks in the Michelin star system. D. They can’t live up to the expectations of the customers. Passage 5 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东梅州·期末)BookTok, an online community that thrives on the passion of readers who recommend, review, and theorize about literature, has become a significant force in the book world. When Rebecca Yarros’ “Fourth Wing” was released, it was embraced by BookTok with enthusiasm, generating a buzz that blended romance with fantasy elements. The novel’s publication in May was quickly followed by its sequel just six months later, sparking discussions about the pace of publishing and its potential impact on literary quality. The sequel’s release was not without its controversies. Yarros and her publisher, Red Tower Books, faced considerable backlash over grammatical errors in the text. Critics contended that these issues could have been prevented with proper proofreading, leading to questions about the rush to publish and the possible compromise of quality control. BookTok’s influence played a role in the rapid success of “Fourth Wing,” helping it soar to the top of the New York Times Best Sellers list within its first week, despite the criticisms. The community’s growing readership has encouraged both publishers and authors to capitalize on the momentum of hype, sometimes at the expense of the writing process. This dynamic likely contributed to the expansion of Yarros’ series from three to five books. The situation invites a comparison to the concept of “fast fashion,” a term used to describe the quick turnaround in clothing manufacturing from design to retail, aimed at capturing current trends. Fast fashion items are often characterized by affordability and lower quality, intended for swift sale. Applying a similar model to book publishing, especially with the influence of platforms like BookTok, could result in a decline in book quality if the writing and editing processes are not given adequate time to reach their full potential. It’s important to note that the critique is not aimed at books like “Fourth Wing” simply because they are popular. Rather, the concern lies with the publishing practices that may sacrifice the depth and quality of the work for the sake of meeting market demand. The worry is not for independent authors who meticulously manage their writing, editing, and publishing processes, but for those who might neglect the intricacies and importance of the writing journey. In essence, the conversation reflects a broader debate about the balance between commercial viability and artistic integrity in the publishing industry, and the role of social media in shaping literary trends and reader expectations. 17. Why does the author raise questions in the text? ______ A. To doubt readers’ judgment. B. To keep the text developing. C. To highlight BookTok’s advantages. D. To provide background information. 18. What was the situation of Fourth Wing after its release? ______ A. It enjoyed popularity. B. It faced little criticism. C. It was publicly rejected. D. It didn’t sell well in stores. 19. Which of the following shows the author’s opinion? ______ A. Book quality is vital in the publishing industry. B. Books like Fourth Wing are not good ones. C. Authors should avoid doing too many duties. D. BookTok shouldn’t be to blame for fast fashion. 20. What is the best title for the text? ______ A. BookTok Is Misleading Consumers in Reading. B. Are Those Books Posted Online Worth Reading? C. Fast Fashion Emerges in the Publishing Industry. D. Can the Publishing Industry Adapt to Challenges? Passage 6 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)A significant proportion of the American populace within the working-age demographic are encountering challenges in meeting the financial demands associated with health care, as per a recent comprehensive evaluation. This study, which is the inaugural edition of the Health Care Affordability Survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund, reveals that a substantial 51 percent of adults falling within the age bracket of 19 to 64 years have expressed that affording health care for themselves and their family is either exceedingly challenging or moderately difficult. This observation encompasses 43 percent of individuals who are beneficiaries of health insurance provided by their employers and an even higher 57 percent who have secured health insurance through a marketplace or have opted for an individual plan. Additionally, it is noteworthy that nearly one-half of the working-age adults who are under the Medicare program and 45 percent of those who are recipients of Medicaid also admit to facing hardships in covering their health care expenses. It is particularly striking that a majority, specifically 65 percent, of working-age adults have indicated that the escalation in the cost of various goods and services over the past year has had a detrimental impact on their capacity or that of their family to manage health care expenses. The aforementioned survey, which is based on a sample that is representative of the nation and comprises nearly 7,900 individuals who are 19 years of age or older, was carried out from the mid-point of April through the month of July in the current year. This survey follows on the heels of another analysis conducted by the research entity known as KFF, which demonstrated an upward trend in the costs associated with health insurance for employer-sponsored plans as well as an increase in the contributions made by workers towards these plans in the year 2023. The newly disseminated analysis has further unearthed that 38 percent of the individuals who participated in the survey identified cost as the primary factor that led them or a family member to either forgo or postpone the receipt of necessary health care services or the procurement of prescribed medication within the last 12 months. This includes 29 percent of those who are under the protection of employer-based coverage, 37 percent who are insured through individual and marketplace health plans, 42 percent who are covered by Medicare, and 39 percent who are recipients of Medicaid. Furthermore, it is observed that more than six-tenths of the individuals who are devoid of any form of health insurance have reported that they or a family member have had to delay or forgo medical care due to financial constraints. Among all those who have reported such instances of skipping or delaying care, a considerable 57 percent have stated that a health issue has consequently deteriorated. 21. How does the article present Americans’ health care payment situation? A. By citing data. B. By giving examples. C. By giving reasons. D. By making comparisons. 22. What leads to most working-age Americans’ difficulty in paying health care costs? A. Their heavy debt. B. Unemployment. C. Higher cost of living. D. Higher health care payment. 23. What may the underlined phrase in the fourth paragraph mean? A. Declined. B. Climbed up. C. Remained stable. D. Kept uncertain. 24. What may happen to those who lacked any type of health insurance? A. They may get worse if they have health problems. B. They are sure to obtain help from the government. C. They may have to skip or delay any health problems. D. They may not get affected with any diseases. Passage 7 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)Upon the release of the publication “The Mountain People” by the American ethnologist Colin Turnbull in the year 1972, he characterized the subjects of his study — a Ugandan tribe known as the Ik — as “a populace devoid of affection.” Turnbull, after a period of two years spent in observation, concluded that the Ik exemplified the primal tendencies of mankind: deceit, larceny, and a callous indifference to the suffering of others. However, when Athena Aktipis and her associates from the Human Generosity Project delved more profoundly into the matter, they discovered a society that engaged in the communal sharing of all resources. “Turnbull’s observations coincided with a calamitous famine in Uganda. What he witnessed was merely a reflection of the dire circumstances that arise when individuals are gripped by hunger,” Aktipis remarks. Yet, her research team uncovered that, despite the oppressive conditions they faced, the Ik held in high esteem the act of mutual assistance whenever it was within their means to do so. Aktipis posits that the phenomenon of selflessness is more pervasive and advantageous than the field of evolutionary social science has historically acknowledged. “The prevailing assumption was that individuals are inherently inclined to act solely in their own interests or those of their kin,” she states. By examining the distinctive and unselfish behaviors that have enabled nine communities across the globe to persist, the scholars from the Project aim to demonstrate that humanity is indeed capable of extensive collaboration. The Maasai populace in Kenya offers a principal illustration of the Project’s findings. They depend on reciprocal friendships to secure necessities such as sustenance or hydration during times of scarcity, with no expectation of reciprocation. Similarly, in the distant locale of New Mexico, while individuals frequently render aid in the transportation of livestock and receive support in kind, they will also provide assistance gratuitously in instances of adversity, such as personal injury or the bereavement of a cherished one. Aktipis is convinced that the theoretical models she has refined through the study of these communities can be broadly applied to any interdependent systems. Her overarching ambition is to devise social-welfare frameworks that offer sustenance to all members of society. Take, for instance, the market-driven insurance models prevalent in the United States: They are priced according to individual risk factors, including health profiles and geographic location, which results in millions of Americans being priced out of coverage. In contrast, a system founded on the principles of communal support and pooled financial resources would distribute the burden equitably during collective trials, such as natural catastrophes and pandemics. 25. What did Turnbull think of the Ik people? A. Heartless. B. Helpful. C. Restless. D. Generous. 26. What does the underlined word “selflessness” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Trying to be strong and tough to survive. B. Making full use of the surrounding resources. C. Being devoted to themselves or their relatives. D. Caring about the needs and happiness of others. 27. What does paragraph 3 intend to convey? A. Friendships guarantee a well-being life. B. Folks assist each other to get support. C. Cooperation is a good and natural instinct. D. People tend to provide resources for free. 28. How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings? A. By designing a policy for public health. B. By monitoring individual health histories. C. By creating a system against collective hardship. D. By lowering insurance prices for individual victims. Passage 8 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)When it comes to commemorating a child’s first year of life, the traditional approach often involves presenting an exquisitely adorned confectionery masterpiece to the young celebrant. By simply setting this visually striking sugar creation before the infant and activating the recording devices, one can capture the ensuing delightfully chaotic scene, replete with smiles and smears of frosting. However, this will not be the method I choose to honor my daughter's initial 12 months of existence — not because the sweet treat will be absent, but because my spouse and I have resolved to abstain from sharing her images on social platforms for an entire year, and we are determined to maintain this practice for the foreseeable future. I understand that I am part of a select few. Research indicates that approximately seventy-five percent of parents habitually upload photographs of their offspring to the internet. Pixsy, a platform that assists photographers in identifying unauthorized usage of their work, discovered that parents in the age bracket of 20 to 25 are twice as likely as their older counterparts to disseminate images of their little ones on social media platforms. Yet, I am not the only one who feels this way. A woman instrumental in the creation of Big Little Feelings — an Instagram account with 2.8 million followers that provides guidance to new mothers — recently decided to remove all the pictures she had previously posted of her children. The discourse surrounding “sharenthood,” or the inclination of parents to broadcast their children’s lives online, has been fervently ongoing for some time. The everyday choices made by parents have a significant, yet often undervalued, impact on the digital legacy of young individuals and their subsequent life trajectory. Technological advancements have introduced fresh challenges for parents. The latest development in artificial intelligence is the emergence of image-generating tools. By inputting a series of descriptive terms into a text field, AI can generate a visual representation of the described subject. The datasets for these AI-driven generative systems are frequently sourced from the open internet. While it is improbable that my daughter's Instagram photos would be processed through such an AI assembly line, resulting in her likeness appearing in someon’s creative AI-generated artwork, once images are disseminated on the web, they can be exceedingly difficult to eradicate completely. I do share photographs with friends and family via secure, private messaging applications. However, these closed networks are fundamentally distinct from public postings on the open internet. 29. How may the author celebrate his daughter’s birthday? A. Have the room decorated for her. B. Post her pictures on social media. C. Take photos with a cake before her. D. Send her photos to friends privately. 30. How many parents post photos of their kids online? A. Less than 10%. B. 20% -25%. C. 40%-50%. D. Around 75%. 31. What has led to the new trouble for parents? A. Image-generation tools. B. Kids’ digital records online. C. Information on the Internet. D. The descriptive words used by AI. 32. What's the author’s suggestion for parents? A. Never show up in generative art. B. Use safe private messaging apps. C. Remove the images online entirely. D. Post kids’ photos on closed networks. Passage 9 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)A recent study by UK researchers has shed light on a phenomenon termed “plant blindness,” which contributes to the widespread but mistaken belief that plants are perceived as less vibrant or alive compared to animals. It was not established that plant blindness is an innate trait; instead, the root cause appears to be the significantly diminished interaction with the natural world in societies that have become highly urbanized. The research indicates that a decrease in prior exposure to plants leads to a cycle of inattention. Urban cultures exhibit a well-documented incidence of plant blindness. Children are often observed to regard plants as less significant than animals, especially during their early years, and they have difficulty recognizing a diverse range of plant species. Both educators and students have reported varying levels of knowledge about plants, with primary school teachers lacking a background in science being particularly affected. In contrast, older individuals tend to possess greater plant knowledge, likely due to their increased participation in outdoor activities. Thirty-five studies have concluded that the process of urbanization or modernization has had a detrimental impact on people’s understanding of plants. The value of plant gathering has diminished due to an increased reliance on urban services and a cash-based economy. Additionally, the time available for outdoor activities has been curtailed by work and school commitments. These factors have also reduced family time, which in turn has adversely affected the oral transmission of plant knowledge to younger and older family members. Stagg has suggested that rather than a cognitive impediment to the visual recognition of plants, individuals residing in highly industrialized nations suffer from a lack of attention to plants due to a reduction in relevant exposure. To disrupt the cycle of plant inattention, Stagg emphasizes the importance of exposing people to diverse ecosystems and demonstrating the direct benefits of plants to humans, as opposed to the indirect benefits derived from their industrial use or advantages to distant, traditional communities. Engaging with edible and practical plants in local settings can be instrumental in this regard. The level of botanical knowledge among younger generations is directly linked to their perception of the usefulness of such knowledge in their lives. 33. What causes “plant blindness”? A. The plants have little attraction. B. People lack contact with plants. C. The plants have inactive characters. D. People live an unhealthy lifestyle. 34. Who are most likely to have “plant blindness”? A. Teenagers interested in animals. B. Experts devoted to agriculture. C. Students majoring in biology. D. Farmers working in the field. 35. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Encouraging. B. Harmful. C. Joyful. D. Temporary. 36. Which statement might Stagg agree with? A. “Plant blindness” can be treated or reduced. B. “Plant blindness” is bad for social development. C. “Plant blindness” is something people are born with. D. “Plant blindness” happens most in less developed countries. Passage 10 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)Clair Hughes initiated her quest for frugal methodologies to extricate herself from a £3,500 educational advance that had spiraled into a financial overhang. This economic strategist commenced an online odyssey in search of vouchers that would provide her with markdowns on her purchases. She divulged that the full value of an item seldom left her wallet, proclaiming, “Deductions are perpetually accessible; the key lies in meticulous organization. Initially, I anticipated an onerous endeavor, but I have now assimilated this lifestyle to the point where it has become second nature. I have effortlessly amassed savings exceeding £15,000.” In the year 2010, Ms. Hughes directed her attention towards fiscal conservation when she relocated to share a domicile with her significant other, Shane Byrne, an instructor within the telecommunications sector. Seeking counsel through digital means, she implemented a series of astute financial maneuvers, such as transferring her financial overdraft to an account that levied no interest. Subsequently, after a few years, she encountered an online collective of individuals devoted to the art of voucher accumulation and resolved to experiment with their practices. She dedicated considerable time to navigating the digital expanse in pursuit of vouchers, meticulously printing each one to accompany her on her commercial forays. Over the passage of time, she has secured some remarkable bargains. On one occasion, a pair of luminaries valued at £140 were hers for the mere sum of £35. Two years prior, Ms. Hughes expanded her repertoire of economic strategies by incorporating rebate applications that offer monetary restitution on a spectrum of items from alcoholic beverages to personal care products. Post each commercial venture, she uploads visual documentation of her financial transactions, which are subsequently scrutinized, and restitution is granted on certain acquisitions. Among her other premier recommendations for financial prudence, Ms. Hughes advocates participation in remunerative online surveys, which have yielded her a substantial cache of vouchers. She remarked, “I have encountered accounts of individuals gathering forsaken receipts from shopping carts to seek overlooked discounts. The extent to which vouchers and rebate applications have been of service to me is astonishing. The community significantly enhances my financial endeavors. There is invariably an individual prepared to elucidate the operational intricacies.” 37. What does saving money mean to Clair Hughes? A. It’s part of her daily life. B. It makes her shop less. C. It’s a way to leave school. D. It keeps her work organized. 38. What can we know about Clair Hughes? A. She always asks Shane for suggestions. B. She likes going shopping with her friends. C. She has bought some goods in low prices. D. She is good at discussing prices with others. 39. What does the last paragraph mainly show? A. Hughes’ feelings of her life. B. Hughes’ ways to get coupons. C. Hughes’ appreciation for society. D. Hughes’ difficulty in saving money. 40. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Graduate Enjoys Shopping B. A Community Collects Coupons C. A Woman Focuses on Saving Money D. A Shopper Is Famous for Saving Money Passage 11 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东惠州·期末)Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words. A new study from Southern Methodist University psychologist Sarah Kucker and colleagues reveals that passive video use among children can negatively affect language development, but their caregiver’s motivations for exposing them to digital media could also lessen the impact. Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months. Caregivers answered questions about their child’s words, sentences, and how much time they spend on different media activities each day. Those activities included video/TV, video games, video chat, and e-books, with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child. Print book reading was also compared. Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children’s media use. These factors were then compared to the children’s vocabulary and length using two or more words together. The research reveals a negative association between high levels of digital media watching and children’s vocabulary development. However, the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections-such as through video chats with family members. Kucker acknowledges that parents often use digital media to occupy children while they complete tasks. She suggests that caregivers need to consider what kind of videos and how much their children are watching, and whether they can interact with them during this period. Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch, how they use screens with others, and how that impacts language development. 41. What is the potential impact of being exposed to videos by caregivers on children? A. It enhances their vocabulary development. B. It has no significant effect on their language skills. C. It leads to the use of shorter phrases and sentences. D. It encourages them to read print books more often. 42. What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the study? A. Its research process. B. Its theoretical basis. C. Its underlying logic. D. Its scientific evidence. 43. Under what circumstance can the negative impact be lessened? A. When children focus on tasks. B. When children get involved in the content. C. When videos serve as entertainment. D. When videos aid learning and bond building. 44. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To point out the significance of the study. B. To bring out the focus of follow-up studies. C. To present the practical application of the findings. D. To discuss other affecting factors of babies’ growth. Passage 12 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期末)Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke(中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project, the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol(胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic(心血管代谢) risk score(CRS)— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 45. What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Beneficial. B. Harmful. C. Unrelated. D. Challenging. 46. Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A. It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B. It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C. It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D. It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 47. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B. Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C. IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D. the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 48. How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A. Neutral. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Objective. Passage 13 (2023-2024学年高二下·湖北·期末)A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work currently done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to automation. And that could be awful, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: Hot Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It’s not just that this would happen to individuals, but it could be pretty systemic.” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has implications not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy. ” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts issue their warnings with a caveat(限制性条款): there are still things Al isn’t capable of — tasks that involve distinctly human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that centre those skills could help lessen the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three categories that are going to be relatively insulated(隔离) in the foreseeable future, ” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely creative: you're not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you’re genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” “The second insulated category, he continues, is jobs that require sophisticated(老练的) interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, secretarial clerks and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep understanding of people.” The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity(灵巧) and problem-solving ability in unpredictable environments”. Many trade jobs — think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like — fall under this umbrella, he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate.” In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 49. According to Martin Ford what’s his attitude towards AI? A. Favorable. B. Pessimistic. C. Neutral. D. Dismissive. 50. Why did the writer mention the caveat in Paragraph 3? A. To introduce the main topic. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a comparison. 51. According to the passage, in the future which job is more likely to be replaced by Al? A. A business consultant. B. A craftsman. C. A typist. D. A tourist guide. 52. What's the best title for the text? A. The robots really are coming for some jobs. B. The jobs AI won’t take yet. C. AI will transform working mode. D. The jobs people can do in the future. Passage 14 (2023-2024学年高二下·湖北武汉·期末)In recent years, much of my life as a consumer has shifted to what I like to call background spending. As I’ve subscribed to more apps and streaming platforms, significant sums of my money tend to drift away each month without my ever thinking about it. Think of it as automated capitalism(资本主义). Spending without the hassle of spending. Purchase without action or thought. Indeed, economists estimate that buyers forgetting to cancel subscriptions can increase a business’s income by as much as 200 percent. We’re too lazy or busy to even notice or cancel! “Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of the rest,” these companies assure us. But by agreeing to this trade, we’ve become passive consumers who are allowing the balance of capitalism to shift away from us. We have given up one of our key powers as individuals: our control. And this laziness generates more laziness because most of us can’t be bothered with conducting regular review s of our subscription spending. If we’re going to rebalance the wheels of capitalism just a little, we could do worse than to support a recently proposed rule from the Federal Trade Commission. In March, the organization suggested a “click to cancel” condition that would require companies to make it just as easy to end a subscription as to sign up for one. No more being forced to go into the gym to end your membership if you were able to join online! Additionally, under this extra layer of consumer protection, businesses would need to remind subscribers annually about their membership before these are automatically renewed. This rule would mean any background spending would, if only just for one moment a year, be at the forefront of your mind. If all that doesn’t work, I have another idea: an app designed to keep track of your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances. Oh wait, those already exist—for a recurring(再发生) fee, of course. 53. What does the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Consideration. B. Approval. C. Trouble. D. Rejection. 54. What do passive consumers tend to do? A. Subscribe to various apps. B. Ignore subscription review. C. Lose the balance between earning and spending. D. Reach an agreement with credit card companies. 55. What are subscription service providers expected to do in Paragraph 4? A. Remind consumers to renew their membership. B. Allow customers to cancel subscription easily. C. Reconsider the proposal of federal government. D. Discontinue releasing new subscription services. 56. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Background spending needs to be controlled. B. Subscriptions to apps are generally hard to end. C. Apps for tracking subscriptions should be designed. D. Proposals to prevent automated capitalism are supported. Passage 15 (2023-2024学年高二下·河南开封·期末)Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment, defined as at desks without meaningful partitions(隔板), according to an International Facility Management Association survey. That is, if they even have a desk- workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal(共用的) table. The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. More nearness between employees, the thinking went, would create more interaction and teamwork, promote social interaction and urge productivity. But in fact, purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects, creating so much distraction(分心) that employees stayed away from each other. A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol, the results of which were published last year, tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space, with offices with walls, to an open office. Face-to-face interaction became less — employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues. Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. As digital communication channels surged, productivity declined. Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces- where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago- are so hard to work in. “The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory(听觉的) experience. Voice above 55 decibels(分贝) — roughly the sound of a loud phone call- causes measurable stress, ” according to a Wall Street Journal article,  “The Neuroscience-Optimized Office”. “Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. 57. What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1? A. It allows 10 people at most to work together. B. It is believed to stimulate workers’ creativity. C. It is only popular with new technology companies. D. It is aimed at promoting workers’ social interaction. 58. What does the underlined word “surged” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Suspended timely. B. Became useless. C. Cost less. D. Increased quickly. 59. What makes an open office hard to work in? A. Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B. Showing real emotions publicly. C. Facing communication barriers at work. D. Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues. 60. What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph? A. What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B. Why the open office makes workers distracted. C. How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D. How to draw workers’ attention to their colleagues nearby. Passage 16 (2023-2024学年高二下·河南南阳·期末)We are often told that we are at the heart of a technological revolution, in which business and the world of work continue to be transformed and improved by computers, the Internet, the increased speed of communication, data processing, robotics, and now — artificial intelligence. There is only one small problem with all this — none of it seems to show up in the economic data. If all this technology really is making us all work faster and better, there is precious little evidence. Between 1974 and 2008 the UK’s productivity — the amount of output you get per worker — grew at an annual rate of 2.3%. But between 2008 and 2020 the rate of productivity growth collapsed to around 0.5% per year. And in the first three months of this year, the UK’s productivity was actually down 0.6% on a year earlier. It is a similar picture in most other Western nations. There are said to be two main explanations for why technology is not boosting productivity. The first is that we are just not measuring the impact of technology properly. Dame Diane Coyle, a recognized expert on how we measure productivity, says, “There is nothing that doesn’t involve digital technology now, but it is difficult to see what is going on because none of this is visible in the statistics. We just don’t collect the data in ways that would help us understand what is happening.” The other argument is that economic revolutions tend to be rather slow-burning affairs. Nick Crafts, a former professor at the University of Sussex Business School, points out that the huge changes in economic performance we tend to think of as having happened almost overnight actually took decades, and the same may well be happening now. Technology is seemingly not the problem, and in some respects it is not the solution either. High productivity growth will come only to those who learn how to use it best. 61. What do the comparisons in paragraph 2 indicate? A. Technology didn’t promote productivity. B. The UK’s productivity hasn’t grown for years. C. Technology caused the decline in the influence of Western nations. D. The UK’s productivity growth trend is an exception in Western countries. 62. Why is it difficult to see the impact of technology on the economy? A. There aren’t enough recognized experts. B. Technology is used in an improper way. C. There is no proper measurement equipment. D. The collected data doesn’t reflect the technology. 63. What is the common understanding of past economic changes according to Crafts? A. They appeared by making use of technology. B. They came decades after technological changes. C. They occurred unexpectedly in a very short time. D. They happened in a way different from those nowadays. 64. What is the author’s opinion on technology? A. It remains invisible to the statistics. B. It is developing more slowly than we expected. C. It is the solution to our daily problems. D. It contributes to high productivity if fully used. Passage 17 (2023-2024学年高二下·河南南阳·期末)Stuffed animals have often been seen as one of the strange conventions of childhood — an childish love we should eventually let go of, along with imaginary friends and Capri-Suns. If that love lasts past adolescence, it can be seen as embarrassing. Yet that isn’t really such an unusual thing to do: Surveys have found that four in ten American adults sleep with stuffed animals. And it seems that over the past few years especially, plushies(绒毛公仔) and toys have become more popular with adults. This isn’t necessarily a matter of childhood keepsakes tagging along into adulthood for sentimental reasons — adults are buying plushies for themselves, simply because they like them. The “kidult” market, which is defined as anyone over age 12, is said to account for about $9 billion in toy sales every year. Gen Z is leading the way in embracing stuffed animals. “It went from being an embarrassment… to today, when Gen Z and Millennials proudly play,” the toy-industry consultant Richard Gottlieb told NPR. Of course, plenty of people still find it odd or childish for adults to collect stuffed animals. When the TikTok influencer Charli D’Amelio posted a photo of herself lounging with a small army of colorful Squishmallows, some commenters were quick to deride her collection. D’Amelio responded with frustration: “Everyone expects me to be this adult all the time,” she wrote (she was l6 at the time), “I’m still growing up.” I, for one, am not immune to the adult stuffed-animal revival. As a child, I wasn’t super interested in plushies; I saw them as useless, candyless piñatas(采罐). But in my early 20s, many of my friends started buying and gifting stuffed animals. One friend consulted me on whether the name Belly or Lulu would better suit a stuffed dragon. On my 21st birthday, someone gave me my own stuffed Jellycat. I placed it on my bed with no shame, knowing that many of my peers were doing the same. 65. Why is one’s love for stuffed animals considered awkward? A. Because it is unusual. B. Because it is immature. C. Because it is imaginary. D. Because it is conventional. 66. Why do people buy plushies? A. Because of their reasonable prices. B. Because of their personal preference. C. Because of their sentimental feelings. D. Because of the popularity of plushies. 67. Which phrase can best explain the underlined word “deride” in paragraph 3? A. Make fun of. B. Lose control of. C. Speak highly of. D. Take advantage of. 68. What’s the author’s present attitude towards stuffed animals? A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Approving. D. Dismissive. Passage 18 (2023-2024学年高二下·山东日照·期末)If you’ve ever been pleasant to a rude customer while waiting tables, or smilingly received a truly ugly sweater as a gift, you’ve participated in a display rule. This is hiding a negative emotion usually to promote harmony between two individuals. However, they can have negative consequences for the person suppressing a negative emotion or opinion. As daily interactions become increasingly virtual, display rules are changing. A group of researchers from the University of Tokyo in Japan set out to answer the questions of how emojis are used to reflect emotions in different contexts, if the same display rules apply to emojis, and how they affect a person’s well being. The study observed 1,289 participants who use Simeji, the most-downloaded emoji keyboard in Japan, and how the emojis were used to either express an emotion or mask it. The participants answered questions about their subjective well being, and rated how often they use emojis. They were also given messages with different social contexts and asked to respond to them as they would normally, and then rated the intensity of the expression of their emotions. The study found that texters chose to express more emotions via emoji with people in a private context or with a close friend. The respondents expressed the least amount of emotion with higher-status individuals. The most intense expressions of emotion came with matching emojis, unless the respondents felt the need to mask their true feelings, such as using a smiling emoji to mask sadness. Only when negative feelings were very strongly felt did the respondents use a negative emoji. Additionally, using emojis to express emotions was associated with higher subjective well being compared to masking emotions. The researchers would like to expand this study with a larger and more varied sample, including more males since the Simeji keyboard is more popular among young women and from different cultural backgrounds. “First, the highly gender-imbalanced sample may have led to stronger results. Future research should explore potential gender differences in emoji display rules,” said a researcher. “Second, Japanese culture’s emphasis on interpersonal harmony and concealment (隐瞒) of negative emotions may have influenced the results.” 69. Why do people apply display rules? A. To keep the peace. B. To make more friends. C. To avoid being hurt. D. To create a good impression. 70. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The research findings. B. The research process. C. The research subjects. D. The research purpose. 71. What did the study find about the participants’ use of emojis? A. It was influenced by different contexts. B. It promoted interpersonal relationships. C. It improved their subjective well being. D. It was a way of masking their true feelings. 72. Why do the researchers want to expand the study? A. To make it known to more people. B. To achieve more convincing results. C. To benefit people from different cultures. D. To explore gender differences in emoji use. Passage 19 (2023-2024学年高二下·山东枣庄·期末)Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to develop more efficient methods of farming in order to fight global warming. Global warming threatens every aspect of our everyday lives, including crop production. It will reduce the soil moisture(水分), especially in areas close to the equator and greatly affect the crop production. Climate change harms poorer countries that do not have money to import food. The result is food shortage. However, agriculture is not just affected by global warming. Agriculture is part of a vicious cycle in which farming leads to global warming, which in turn destroys agricultural production. The process of clearing land for agriculture results in widespread deforestation and contributes to 40 percent of global methane(甲烷) production. Therefore, to deal with climate change, it is necessary to ensure efficient, environmentally-conscious farming. This is where AI enters the scene. Farmers use AI for methods such as precision agriculture, monitoring crop moisture, soil composition, and temperature in growing areas, and enabling farmers to increase production by learning how to take care of their crops and determine the ideal amount of water to use. Furthermore, this technology may help reduce deforestation by allowing humans to grow food in urban areas. It could be especially beneficial for countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, where much of the population lives in cities. However, AI is far from a silver bullet — it could actually contribute to global warming as well. Due to the large amount of data that AI needs to process, training a single AI releases five times the emissions that an average car would give off during its lifetime. Further, securing access to AI on a global scale may pose some challenges. Countries will need experts in the field who can successfully use the technology and Internet connection, neither of which are always readily available. Therefore, there is still a long way for developing countries to take advantage of the benefits of AI. Given these concerns, global leaders must consider the potential costs, and the environmental consequences of data processing before developing AI for use in agriculture. 73. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To advocate greener farming. B. To show the importance of forestation. C. To promote low-carbon living. D. To analyze impacts of global warming. 74. In which aspect can farmers apply Al in crop production? A. Reducing soil pollution. B. Precision farming. C. Solving the food problem. D. Expanding farmland. 75. What do the underlined words “silver bullet” mean in paragraph 4? A. A big fortune. B. A risky attempt. C. A costly method. D. A perfect solution. 76. What’s the author’s attitude to the use of Al in farming? A. Critical. B. Optimistic. C. Cautious. D. Confident. Passage 20 (2023-2024学年高二下·江西南昌·期末)On the crowded supermarket shelves, food products try to attract attention, using packaging and labels to clinch the deal. Around 72% of American consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions. Food companies are aware of this and understand that it applies to packaging design as well as the message conveyed through labels. Louis Biscotti, the National Leader for Food Beverage Services Group, writes that when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) update d its policy on the nutrition facts label for packaged foods in 2020, food and drink companies found they could use the labels on their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to drive increase in sales. The information on the FDA labels and what they packed onto their labels and packaging greatly increased sales. Many consumers surveyed were more likely to buy products with “natural” labels. A new report takes a look at the popularity of the “natural” claim on food packaging and it’s eye-opening. “Food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low cost because regulatory(监管的) agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and that the product was hardly processed,” the authors explain. While that is certainly valuable information to know, the problem is in consumers’ understanding of what “natural” means. Studies show that people think a product labeled as “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it actually does, with most consumers mistakenly linking health and environmental care qualities to food with “natural” labels. In a 2022 survey, 86% of people reported that they purchased products with “natural” labels because they believed the labels indicated better-than-standard animal welfare and higher environmental care production practices. That might simply seem discouraging as food producers are taking advantage of consumers’ innocence to increase sales. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for stricter labeling. These producers are doing good but ending up at a competitive disadvantage if consumers consider foods labeled “natural” as alike. As a consequence, any health and environmental care benefits that might have been realized from consumers choosing products that matched their preferences could be lost. 77. What does the underlined word “clinch” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Secure. B. Standardize. C. Close. D. Cut. 78. What was the consequence of the FDA’s 2020 policy on packaged foods? A. It helped consumers make careful choices. B. It led to a sharp price rise in packaged foods. C. Companies found new chances to increase sales. D. Companies were forced to make more healthy products. 79. Why does the food with the “natural” label gain favor with consumers? A. It has a better taste. B. It is at a lower price. C. It comes in a great many varieties. D. It is thought to be healthy and green. 80. What’s the text mainly about? A. Label design is important for food companies. B. The message on food labels may be misleading. C. Customers should check the label before purchasing. D. “Natural” labels should be added to food packaging. Passage 21 (2023-2024学年高二下·江西景德镇·期末)When Tanvi Sinha first got into accounting 17 years ago, she worked from the office every day, even Saturdays in the busy season. She enjoyed lunches out with colleagues and opportunities to learn just by listening and watching others. She grew professionally rapidly. However, a new report from Gallup finds that large numbers of workers, especially Gen Zers, are not engaged with their jobs in the USA. The Gallup survey of roughly 67,000 people in 2022 found only 32% of workers are engaged with their work compared with 36% in 2020. The share of workers found to be“ disengaged” has risen since 2020, while the share of those in the middle, those considered "not engaged", has remained about the same. Engagement had been rising in the decade before 2020, but started to fall in 2021. Younger workers have seen a bigger drop in engagement than older ones. Those under 35 reported feeling less heard and less cared about at work. Fewer Gen Zers and young people reported having someone at work who encourages their development and fewer opportunities to learn and grow. Having disengaged workers can be highly damaging the companies. Employees, who are not getting most of their workplace needs satisfied, often share their negativity with other people. That could bring down company morale(士气). And, the whole company will stay in a strange situation: Half-dead. And the number of workers who said their company cares about their overall wellbeing has fallen dramatically, from about 50% early in the pandemic, when many companies provided all kinds of accommodations for employees, to nothing today, which, however, worsens the engagement. 81. Why is Tanvi Sinha mentioned in the beginning of the text? A. To lead to the topic. B. To cause an argument. C. To set an example for the readers. D. To attract the attention of readers. 82. What caused the bigger drop in engagement according to the young? A. Getting sick. B. Earning less. C. Being ignored. D. Lacking friendship. 83. What is the author’s attitude towards the present situation? A. Worried B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Supportive. 84. What is the main idea of the text? A. The young men need new jobs now. B. The employers need more attention. C. More engagement has been stressed in companies. D. Employee engagement has fallen since 2020 in the USA. Passage 22 (2023-2024学年高二下·福建福州·期末)Power often boosts an employee’s creativity because being powerful liberates the individual from restrictions. However, new research shows that employees who are not in positions of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” to a task by engaging in the creative task more than once. “This is important because people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power, which leads to a rich-get-richer dynamic that strengthens these power imbalances.” said Brian Lucas, assistant professor in the Cornell University. “Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage,” Lucas said. Lucas and his colleagues conducted three studies to reach their conclusion. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generation session into two rounds consisting of a one-minute “warm up” followed by a second round in which the participants could take as long as they wanted. Participants’ sense of power was manipulated(操纵) through role assignments, where they were either given a leadership role with control over resources or an employee role without control over resources. The study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the warm-up round. There was no difference, though, in creativity in the second round. In the second study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two sessions to five, taking as long as they like to complete the task. Consistent with the first study, the study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the first round. But the creativity of low-power individuals caught up to the creativity of the high-power individuals after the first round. Results of the third study demonstrated that a different creativity task can also warm-up low-power people for an unrelated creativity task. “Given the high value of creative ideas for organizations, it is important to develop approaches that empower all employees to tap their creative potential,” Lucas said. “The low power warm-up effect suggests a simple intervention that does just this and overcomes power imbalance in the workplace: when pursuing creative work, let employees warm up first.” 85. Why is it important to boost lower-power workers’ creativity according to Lucas? A. To enhance competition. B. To encourage cooperation. C. To navigate power imbalance. D. To build a rich-get-richer dynamic 86. How did the participants feel the power in the first study? A. By competing with leaders. B. Through a random role selection. C. By working in different conditions. D. Through confusing role assignments. 87. What can best describe the relationship between power and creativity from the studies? A. It’s fixed. B. It’s dynamic. C. It’s unpredictable. D. It’s casual. 88. What is the author’s attitude towards low power warm-up effect? A. Encouraging. B. Negative. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. Passage 23 (2024·浙江·高考真题)The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism(机制) to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining(获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist(抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative(有重大影响的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized(高度重视) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now endlessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful(深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption(热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 89. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 90. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 91. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily(欣然地). B. Use diverse information sources. C. Be selective information consumers. D. Protect the information environment. 92. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D. The Marshmallow Test for Children. Passage 24 (2023-2024学年高二下·安徽蚌埠·期末)Denmark has one of the lowest rates of bullying(欺凌) in schools. But this is something that didn’t happen overnight. Anti-bullying programs were introduced in Danish schools over 15 years ago, according to Euronews, but it’s something that has to be constantly updated to meet the changing times. Programs begin in primary grades where children are taught empathy(共情) and how to avoid bullying. At the Sluseholmen Skole school in Copenhagen, meditation and hugs are part of the morning routine. According to Maja Hindsgaul, a teacher at the school, this is the key to well-being. “I’m the one they can talk to if something is difficult. And I’m actually talking a lot about who I am and what I like and it’s OK if they like to hug. I like that, too,” she told Euronews. “Of course, they have to learn to read and write and things like that, but they can do that if they feel safe. It’s my task to make them feel safe so that they can develop social skills at school.” Learning how to live with one another is a large part of the anti-bullying programs and this appears to be working well in the younger grades. “We’re always, trying to get the kids to work together in different types of groups, across genders and not always with their best friends,” said teacher Louise Ibsen. “They’re also practicing social skills for how to communicate.” A new program was rolled out in the 2021/22 school year according to a Mary Foundation news release. Our School Strength is a joint effort from the Mary Foundation, Borns Vilkar, a Danish child organization, and Save the Children Denmark. The program is the result of four years of research and cooperation by the nonprofit groups. It’s designed to deal with bullying up to grade 10 and focuses on students’ well-being and to help the youth feel that they are accepted and play an active role in the community. Anti-bullying programs that teach children empathy for others at a young age can make a big difference when these students become teenagers. 93. Which word can best describe the anti-bullying programs? A. Unsuccessful. B. Progressive. C. Disappointing. D. Effective. 94. How does Maja Hindsgaul help her students feel safe? A. By teaching them reading skills. B. By offering support. C. By showing sorrow for them. D. By practicing meditation. 95. What should be a focus of the anti-bullying programs in Ibsen’s opinion? A. Developing students’ social skills. B. Keeping students working out. C. Providing a different atmosphere. D. Improving students’ learning state. 96. What do we know about the new program in the last paragraph? A. It was launched in the 2020 by Euronews. B. It aims to help students do better in studies. C. It was conducted by some nonprofit groups. D. It is intended for teenagers over grade 10. Passage 25 (2023-2024学年高二下·浙江舟山·期末)A smiley face is not always just a smiley face. Behind the yellow, wide-eyed emoji’s smile is an intergenerational minefield. For many teenagers and 20-somethings, a smiley face popping up in a text or email is seen as something different. HafeezatBishi, 21, started an internship(实习) at a Brooklyn digital media firm. She was surprised to be greeted by her co-workers with a bright smiley face. For Bishi, the welcome seemed dismissive and she sees the emoji as conveying a kind of side-eye smile. The rise of the use of emojis at work, especially between remote teams during the pandemic, has created more misunderstandings than ever. People over 30 tend to use emojis to express what the images always did, but younger digital natives may use them to convey ironic meanings, or use them as shorthand for an entirely different thought. For instance, the skull and crossbones means death or danger to many adults, while many younger people say that to them it signifies laughing extremely hard-as in “I’m laughing so hard that I’m dying.” Charlie Nelson Keever, a 31-year-old lawyer in the San Francisco Bay Area, spends a lot of time analyzing social media accounts to piece together legal cases. It was while researching narratives and timelines on a case that it dawned on her that young people don’t use smiley faces to mean they are smiling. She quizzed a Gen Z friend and was confused by the undertones which some emojis carry for that generation. On its face, the cowboy, a grinning emoji wearing a hat, can signify a special brand of quirky, giggly happiness. But for many in Gen Z, it means the sender is putting on a front, smiling on the outside while dying on the inside. Keever feels she should have her finger on the pulse of how people communicate on the Internet. “There’s nothing that makes you feel older than googling what an emoji means, ”she said. 97. How did Bishi understand the smiley face from her co-workers? A. An insincere greeting. B. A dynamic greeting. C. An indifferent greeting. D. A genuine greeting. 98. What do we learn from paragraph 3? A. Young people use skull and crossbones to convey death to adults. B. The pandemic has largely brought about the increasing use of emojis. C. Emojis are often used to express ironic thoughts by older people. D. Misunderstandings of emojis may occur due to the intergenerational gap. 99. What does the underlined word “undertone” in paragraph 5 mean? A. answer B. implication C. image D. signal 100. Why does Keever want to have her finger on the pulse of how people communicate? A. To catch up with the latest fashion pulse. B. To line up with what people chat online. C. To put up with feeling old when googling emojis. D. To keep up with the way digital natives communicate. Passage 26 (2023-2024学年高二下·江苏镇江·期末)Imagine you’re out for an evening walk in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service.But is this true? In tourist areas, early diners have no meaningful clues as to which restaurant to choose, so they may have picked their evening eatery on a whim(一时兴起). Following passers- by may have misinterpreted their restaurant choice as a well- informed decision and blindly followed their example. This could have resulted in a snow- balling effect, whereby ever-increasing numbers of customers were attracted to the restaurant in question, creating a false impression of approval. Therefore, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal(次优的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant. Blindly copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behavior(从众行为).” It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. Average judgments of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort—after all, there’s “safety in numbers”—while helping to maintain a favorable fame. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision; it is therefore an easy option. Herd behaviors, while common and easy to explain, hold significant dangers. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgments of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behaviors typically rely on so-called “information cascades”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically evaluating the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational or simply stupid behaviors. As a result, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including negative influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above. It appears there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure(诱惑) of herd behavior. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behaviors as opposed to blindly following them. 101. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A. By giving example. B. By presenting fact. C. By analyzing the cause and effect. D. By making comparison. 102. What is one reason why people tend to follow the crowd? A. It leads to average judgments. B. It brings a sense of security. C. It challenges a favorable reputation. D. It allows for better decision- making. 103. What does the underlined “information cascades” mean in Para 5? A. Adopting others’ beliefs or choices without evaluation. B. Critical evaluation of underlying reasons for choices. C. Average judgments formed by large groups of people. D. Independent collection of individual opinions and judgements. 104. What is the text mainly about? A. Following the herd can greatly benefit us in various aspects. B. It is no easy task for people to resist the lure of herd behavior. C. It is unnecessary to think critically rather than follow the herd blindly. D. The busiest restaurant is not necessarily the best one in tourist areas. Passage 27 (2023-2024学年高二下·河北张家口·期末)In an age of rapid technological advancements and shifting global economies, understanding the future career intentions of the Gen-Z high school students has become increasingly vital. A study that surveyed over 10,000 high school students across the world presents a rough picture of their preferences and influential factors. To gain comprehensive insights, quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews have been employed. A key finding reveals a striking trend that nearly 45% of the participants show interest in STEM-related careers in fields such as technology, engineering, and mathematics. The attraction of these fields, often fueled by innovation and promise of solving global challenges, highlights the impact of technological revolutions on young minds. Contrasting to this tech-driven enthusiasm, a significant minority—approximately 20%—desires careers in creative industries and humanities on account of the lasting appeal of art, literature, and social sciences. In their opinion, personal achievements in contributing to cultural enrichment matters more. The influence of societal factors is also obvious. After the pandemic of COVID-19, job security stick s out and becomes the prime consideration. In regions experiencing high unemployment rates, there is a noticeable lean towards professions in healthcare and education, perceived as more stable during economic downturns. To our great amazement, the Gen-Z’s environmental awareness makes a difference to their career choice as well. 15% of students expressed a desire to work in sustainability-focused roles, indicating a growing awareness about the planet's well-being among them. Many interviewees said that they hope to have a part to play in renewable energy, conservation, and climate policy. The findings strengthen the necessity for educational institutions and policy makers to make adjustments to keep up with what kids hope for. Meanwhile, parents’ providing a family environment that encourages exploration and creativity is of equal importance. Only by doing so may the Gen-Z better handle the tricky job world, tackle challenges ahead and truly make a difference. 105. Which of the following has the largest number of students? A. Students making tech-driven choices. B. Students feeling challenged in STEM. C. Students willing to contribute to cultural enrichment. D. Students interested in sustainability-focused roles. 106. What drives some students to choose careers in healthcare? A. Personal passion. B. Promising prospect. C. Expectation of stability. D. Personal achievements. 107. According to the text, Gen-Z high school students. A. are concerned about their education B. hope to make a difference to cultural awareness C. tend to be creative in solving long-standing problems D. have a sense of responsibility for a better world 108. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Career Interests of Gen-Z Students B. Gen-Z Students Wrestling with Career Choices C. Gen-Z Students Shifting Towards Creative Careers D. Dominance of STEM-related Careers Among Gen-Z Students Passage 28 (2023-2024学年高二下·江苏南京·期末)The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. If you really succeed, you reach the top. But there is another type of career path. Sideways moves without a promotion or a pay rise, can be a benefit to employees and organizations alike. A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral(横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were more likely t$$ 专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(二) ( 高频话题 01 体育 / 旅游交通 ) Passage 1 (2023-2024学年高二下·河北·期末)Hannah Ray J was introduced to river surfing after noticing a surfer in the middle of a river in Iowa by chance. This arouse a passion that has since defined her life. River surfing, once a excited activity, is now gaining public attention in the Midwest as an exciting outdoor sport. New Whitewater parks and surfing areas are being developed across the region, such as in Nebraska and Iowa, with plans to attract thousands of visitors, boosting local economies. Badfish SUP, a Colorado-based company, reports a significant rise in river surfboard sales since the pandemic(疫情) began. They’ve even named a board “Wave Farmer” in honor of those living near these new recreation spots. The constant waves in rivers, unlike the ocean, allow surfers to practice constantly. Technological advancements have helped transform river surfing from a rare to a mainstream activity. The growing interest is evident in the number of cars at the WOKA Whitewater park in Oklahoma, exceeding expectations. WOKA offers rent gear(齿轮) and live webcams(摄像头) to check wave conditions. The community support for such activities is also noticeable, with businesses related to Whitewater activities expanding into the area. Other cities are looking to reproduce these successes with plans for Whitewater parks on their rivers. However, challenges remain, including water quality issues, variable river flows, and safety risks associated with fast-moving water. Despite these barriers, river surfing looks set to continue its rise in popularity, offering both thrills and economic opportunities for many communities. 1. What does paragraph 1 mainly talking about? A. The history of surfing. B. The girl’s discovery. C. The source of the girl’s interest of surfing. D. The reason why surfing popular. 2. Why was the board “Wave Farmer” invented? A. To praise the residents nearby. B. To honor the nearly recreation spots. C. To stay away from the pandemic. D. To attract more and more visitors. 3. What maybe the best meaning of the underlined word “mainstream” in paragraph 3? A. 次要的 B. 主流的 C. 大众的 D. 细微的 4. What do we know about nowadays river surfing activities? A. The support from the community had been noticed. B. It will continuously rise its popularity if the barriers can be solved. C. Other cities had reproduced the same success of Whitewater park. D. Its popularity also constantly rise although there are some barriers. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。章通过讲述Hannah Ray J的个人经历引出主题，随后描述了河中冲浪如何从一项罕见的活动转变为吸引大众参与的主流运动。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Hannah Ray J was introduced to river surfing after noticing a surfer in the middle of a river in Iowa by chance. This arouse a passion that has since defined her life. River surfing, once a excited activity, is now gaining public attention in the Midwest as an exciting outdoor sport.(Hannah Ray J在爱荷华州的一条河中间偶然注意到一名冲浪者后，被介绍给河流冲浪。这激起了她一生的热情。河上冲浪曾经是一项令人兴奋的活动，现在在中西部地区作为一项令人兴奋的户外运动而受到公众的关注。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是Hannah Ray J对冲浪的兴趣来源，故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They’ve even named a board “Wave Farmer” in honor of those living near these new recreation spots. (他们甚至将一块板子命名为“Wave Farmer”，以纪念居住在这些新休闲场所附近的人们。)”可知，将一块板子命名为“Wave Farmer”是向住在这些新冲浪区附近的当地人致敬。故选A项。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Technological advancements have helped transform river surfing from a rare to a mainstream activity. (技术进步有助于将河上冲浪从稀有活动转变为……活动。)”可推知，此处指由于技术进步，河上冲浪已经变得更加普遍和广泛接受。mainstream意为“主流的”，故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The community support for such activities is also noticeable, with businesses related to Whitewater activities expanding into the area. Other cities are looking to reproduce these successes with plans for Whitewater parks on their rivers.(社区对此类活动的支持也很明显，与白水活动相关的企业扩展到该地区。其他城市正在寻求复制这些成功，并计划在河流上建立白水公园。)”及最后一段“However, challenges remain, including water quality issues, variable river flows, and safety risks associated with fast-moving water. Despite these barriers, river surfing looks set to continue its rise in popularity, offering both thrills and economic opportunities for many communities. (然而，挑战依然存在，包括水质问题、河流流量变化以及与快速流动的水相关的安全风险。尽管存在这些障碍，但河上冲浪似乎将继续受欢迎，为许多社区提供刺激和经济机会。)”可推知，尽管存在这些障碍，但河上冲浪也将继续受欢迎，如果能解决障碍，它的受欢迎程度会上升，故选B项。 Passage 2 (2023-2024学年高二下·江西抚州·期末)River surfing was inspired by ocean surfing, but its popularity is growing all on its own. Traditional surfing began more than 3,000 years ago in Western Polynesia. First making its way to Hawaii, the sport has since spread across the globe, leaving in its wake wave — chasers from all corners of the planet — even land-locked places. Some surfers hungry for waves but without coastlines have turned to river surfing, which delivers a similar experience in ocean-less conditions. In 1970’s Munich, a small group of adventurous surfers took to the Eisbach River near Englischer Garten Park. Holding tight to two ropes attached to a bridge, they balanced on wooden planks(厚木板) in the river to imitate the ocean surfing they had experienced abroad. This is the moment many river surfers believe the sport was born. River waves are formed either by water flowing quickly downstream over a drop in sea level, creating standing waves, or by tidal bores(涌潮), which occur where rivers meet the sea. The speed of the water controls the energy of a wave, while the length of the drop decides its size. Because the thickness of a wave also matters (surf fails if there’s just a few inches of water), the size of the river channel is also important. Rideable waves can occur with slow flow and small drop conditions if the river channel is narrow enough to create a thick wave, and the opposite is true for wide channels. Because flow can change from day to day and season to season, thanks to a previous winter’s snowfall or other natural phenomena, even an expert has to be at the right spot on the right day to discover a surfable river wave. There are a handful river waves across the U. S. that are particularly worth checking out. Don’t forget your personal equipment and, for rocky or debris-filled(充满杂物的) rivers, a helmet. 5. Which description of river surfing is true from the passage? A. It first occurred in Hawaii. B. It has lasted for more than 3,000 years. C. It actually is a replacement for ocean surfing. D. It has become more popular than traditional surfing. 6. Where is river surfing considered to be created? A. In the Eisbach River. B. In Western Polynesia. C. In Littleton, Colorado. D. In Englischer Garten Park. 7. Which is correct about the river channel? A. It affects tidal bores. B. Its size decides the thickness of waves. C. Narrow river channels create slow river flow. D. Wide river channels contribute to rapid and thick waves. 8. What’s the purpose of the last sentence? A. To note that river surfing is actually fascinating. B. To showcase the difficulty finding a perfect wave. C. To express the necessity of professional equipment. D. To stress the importance of safety when river surfing. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了正在流行起来的河流冲浪。 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“some surfers hungry for waves but without coastlines have turned to river surfing, which delivers a similar experience in ocean-less conditions(一些渴望海浪但没有海岸线的冲浪者转向了河上冲浪，这在没有海洋的条件下也能提供类似的体验)”可知，一些冲浪者渴望海浪但是却没身处海岸，于是他们转向河流冲浪。河流冲浪能在没有海的条件下带来海上冲浪相似的体验。由此可推知，河流冲浪实际上是海洋冲浪的替代品。故选C项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 1970’s Munich, a small group of adventurous surfers took to the Eisbach River near Englischer Garten Park... This is the moment many river surfers believe the sport was born.(20世纪70年代的慕尼黑，一小群富有冒险精神的冲浪者来到了恩格利舍加滕公园附近的艾斯巴赫河……这是许多河上冲浪者相信这项运动诞生的时刻。)”可知，河流冲浪被认为诞生在Eisbach River。故选A项。 7. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ Rideable waves can occur with slow flow and small drop conditions if the river channel is narrow enough to create a thick wave, and the opposite is true for wide channels.(如果河道狭窄到足以形成厚波，则在水流缓慢和落差较小的情况下可能会出现可驾驭的波浪，而宽河道则相反。)”可知，如果河道足够窄到可以制造厚的波浪，河道宽则反之。因此，河道可以决定波浪的厚度，从而影响河流冲浪。故选B项。 8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的“Don’t forget your personal equipment and, for rocky or debris-filled(充满杂物的) rivers, a helmet.(不要忘记你的个人装备，对于布满岩石或碎片的河流，也不要忘记头盔。)”可知，不要忘了带上自己的装备，为了应对岩石较多或者充满杂物的河流，戴上一顶头盔。本句是在提醒河流冲浪者带好装备以应对较危险的环境。由此可推知，本句意在强调河流冲浪时安全的重要性。故选D项。 Passage 3 (2023-2024学年高二下·福建福州·期末)One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as ‘the last paradise on earth’. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most in a rush to make quick money. In recent years, Nepal’s forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise, with the consequent destruction of precious trees and plants. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 9. What does the underlined sentence of Para. 1 imply about tourism expansion? A. Its technical challenge. B. Its positive social effects. C. Its potential drawbacks. D. Its undervalued profitability. 10. Why does the author mention “Nepal” in Para. 2? A. To support an argument. B. To make comparison. C. To show cause and effect. D. To group related ideas. 11. What is the main impact of tourism on farmers based on the text? A. Increased opportunities. B. Improved work-life balance. C. Transformed livelihood. D. Enhanced social status. 12. What may determine the future of tourism? A. Cultural diversity. B. Off-track destinations. C. Stable market. D. Strengthened management. 【答案】9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着旅游业需求的快速增长，旅游业的开发也加速发展，但过度开发对环境和人们的生活以及旅游业的发展带来了负面的影响。随着人们对旅游业的认识的提高，应注意旅游业和环境保护及经济的协调发展，这样旅游业才有美好的前途。 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as ‘the last paradise on earth’.(人们可能会认为，旅游业日益增长的需求只会给接待度假者的国家带来好处。事实上，度假业的长期前景被描绘成一幅美好的画面。每个月都有新旅馆在某处落成。而且每个月都会有一个被岩石环绕的太平洋岛屿被宣传为“地球上最后的天堂”)”可知，划线的句子暗示了旅游业的发展潜在的缺点。故选C。 10. 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most in a rush to make quick money. In recent years, Nepal’s forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise, with the consequent destruction of precious trees and plants.(然而，这种增长的规模和速度似乎会破坏游客想要享受的东西。过度拥挤的海滩和不计其数的酒店组成的混凝土丛林已经开始失去吸引力。那些没有旅游经验的国家在急于赚钱的过程中受害最大。近年来，尼泊尔的森林充满了野生动物和稀有花卉，被游客视为又一个未被破坏的天堂，随之而来的是珍贵的树木和植物遭到破坏)”可知，作者在第2段提到“尼泊尔”来支持论点。故选A。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land.(曾经的农民现在是一些跨国组织的仆人；他不再是自己的主人了。曾经是他的背承受着疼痛；现在，他的笑容被利用了。毫无疑问，他在想，在自己的村子里种地是不是更快乐)”可知，旅游业对农民的主要影响是生计改变。故选C。 12. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.(未来十年，旅游业的发展方式将决定它的命运，也将决定我们都想去旅游的国家的命运)”可知，加强管理会决定旅游业的未来。故选D。 Passage 4 (2023-2024学年高二下·湖南衡阳·期末)From “gig-tripping” to “travel dupes” to “hush trips,” the number of new travel trends is seemingly endless. But perhaps the most appealing concept in the tourism space of late is the “sleepeation”. So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation. According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. The research also showed that sleeping topped the list of U. S. travelers’ main activities for their next vacation, outranking shopping, nightlife and wildlife spotting. While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay. The Malibu Beach Inn in Southern California features two designated “sleep suites”, and the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai on Hawaii’s Big Island offers an 80-minute “sweet dreams” massage treatment meant to promote a good night’s rest. Virgin Hotels Dallasoffers blackout curtains in each room and bedtime amenities(便利设施) like bath bombs and relaxation spray. Although these amenities and services might seem like unnecessary luxuries, the reality is that doing whatever you can to prioritize sleep is quite important. “Most people don’t get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep per night,” noted Danielle Desir Corbett, a luxury travel and personal finance expert. “Over time, this ‘sleep debt’ can have serious health implications, affecting cognitive(认知的)function, mood, weight, and immune systems. Sleep is even linked to chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Sleepeations focus on rest and rejuvenation and can be a powerful tool in preventing health issues.” 13. What did Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report find? A. Travelers are more mindful of their sleep health. B. The travelers’ activities are more and more varied. C. Only a few travelers are interested in sleep tourism. D. Sleep is good for our physical and mental wellness. 14. Why does the author mention the hotels in Paragraph 3? A. To show us the luxuries of the hotels. B. To emphasize the importance of sleep. C. To prove the popularity of sleepcation. D. To make an advertisement for the hotels. 15. What is Danielle Desir Corbett’s attitude towards sleepcation? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Opposed. D. Approving. 16. What is the best title for the text? A. Sleepcation: Enrich Your Vacation Activities B. Sleepcation: Be an Important Part of Your Life C. Sleepcation: Boo st the Development of Tourism D. Sleepcation: Get a Vacation from Your Vacation 【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D 16. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍睡眠度假概念并建议我们应该在度假中考虑睡眠问题。 13. 细节理解题。由文章第二段“According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. (根据Skyscanner的2024年旅游趋势报告，与几年前相比，近50%的受访美国游客表示，他们现在更愿意度假，目的是睡个好觉。)”可知，旅行者更注意自己的睡眠健康。故选A项。 14. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay.(虽然一些健康度假村多年来一直专注于睡眠，但现在越来越多的度假村和酒店，从豪华到生活方式，甚至是经济实惠的酒店，都在确保睡眠是住宿的首要内容。)”可知，作者提到旅馆是为了证明睡眠度假的流行。故选C项。 15. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Sleepeations focus on rest and rejuvenation and can be a powerful tool in preventing health issues.(睡眠度假侧重于休息和恢复活力，是预防健康问题的有力工具。)”可知，Danielle Desir Corbett是赞成睡眠度假的。故选D项。 16. 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation.(这些天的大部分旅行似乎都是为了达到我们在TikTok和Instagram上看到的每一个令人惊叹的景点而疲惫不堪。然而，睡眠度假对度假采取了截然相反的方式。)”以及下文可知，文章主要介绍睡眠度假概念并建议我们应该在度假中考虑睡眠问题。所以D项Sleepcation: Get a Vacation from Your Vacation(睡眠度假：从度假中获得假期休息)符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 5 (2023-2024学年高二下·浙江丽水·期末)Ten years ago, Britain’s first stretch of all-lane running (ALR)“smart” motorway was introduced, with more to follow. As a way to ease congestion(堵塞) without spending money on widening roads, ALR motorways function without a hard shoulder for drivers in difficulty. As they were rolled out, motorists were assured that the emergency lane would not be missed, as new technologies would be able to respond to breakdowns, and control traffic flow. The public was understandably doubtful about how smart this idea was, and it turned out the public was right. Smart motorways without a hard shoulder have been found to be three times more dangerous than ones where drivers have that option. Behind the data lie terrible incidents, in which stationary(不动的) vehicles have been ploughed into from behind with serious consequences. Rightly, Rishi Sunak last year stopped plans for more ALR motorways, citing a lack of public confidence. But he should go further. The RAC this week called for a hard shoulder to be restored on all smart motorways. That advice should be listened to in Whitehall and acted upon. A 2021 House of Commons transport committee report made shockingly clear that before rolling the “no emergency lane” policy out, ministers driven by the desire to save money failed to do due diligence on the safety risks attached. Since then, plans to retrofit(翻新) refuge areas along motorway routes have proceeded at a snail’s pace. Of the 150 emergency areas due to be in place by next year, only a tiny proportion have been delivered. Even when all are up and running, the risk of a catastrophic breakdown in onrushing traffic will remain. At a minimum, the government should move to a system of “dynamic” motorways, where emergency lanes are only opened to traffic at particularly busy periods. But the preferable solution would be to restore a permanent hard shoulder. This could be done while keeping the benefits of investment in technical innovations that allow traffic to be better monitored and flexibly regulated. Mr Sunak did the right thing in bringing a foolish experiment to an end. The next task is to correct the damage already done. 17. Why were ALR motorways introduced? A. To reduce serious traffic accidents. B. To relieve traffic jam at low costs. C. To save money on road maintenance. D. To improve motorists’driving skills. 18. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Roads with a hard shoulder posed little threat. B. Smart motorways failed to win public favor. C. Ministers were driven by the greed for money. D. Rishi Sunak was forced to stop smart motorways. 19. What does the author suggest the government do? A. Build more emergency areas. B. Invest in technical advances. C. Calculate the potential damage. D. Keep a hard shoulder in place. 20. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Smart Motorways Are Not Clever Without a Hard Shoulder B. Smart Motorways Witnessed Catastrophic Breakdowns C. Smart Motorways Benefit From Technological Innovation D. Smart Motorways Raised the Doubts of the General Public 【答案】17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍全车道运行(ALR)“智能”高速公路所存在的问题以及补救措施。 17. 推理判断题。由文章第一段中“As a way to ease congestion (堵塞) without spending money on widening roads, ALR motorways function without a hard shoulder for drivers in difficulty. As they were rolled out, motorists were assured that the emergency lane would not be missed, as new technologies would be able to respond to breakdowns, and control traffic flow.(作为一种在不花钱拓宽道路的情况下缓解拥堵的方法，ALR高速公路的运行对有困难的司机来说没有困难。随着它们的推出，驾驶者得到了保证，不会错过紧急车道，因为新技术将能够应对故障并控制交通流量。)”可推知，引入ALR高速公路是为了以低成本缓解交通堵塞。故选B项。 18. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The public was understandably doubtful about how smart this idea was, and it turned out the public was right. (公众对这个想法有多聪明表示怀疑，这是可以理解的，事实证明公众是对的。)”可推知，公众对智能高速公路质疑，换句话说，智能高速公路未能赢得公众的青睐。故选B项。 19. 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“But the preferable solution would be to restore a permanent hard shoulder. This could be done while keeping the benefits of investment in technical innovations that allow traffic to be better monitored and flexibly regulated. (但更可取的解决方案是恢复永久性的硬路肩。这可以在保持技术创新投资的好处的同时实现，从而更好地监控和灵活监管交通。)”可知，作者建议政府保持硬路肩。故选D项。 20. 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Smart motorways without a hard shoulder have been found to be three times more dangerous than ones where drivers have that option.(研究发现，没有硬路肩的智能高速公路的危险性是驾驶员有硬路肩的高速公路的三倍。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍全车道运行(ALR)“智能”高速公路没有硬路肩所存在的问题以及补救措施，所以A项“Smart Motorways Are Not Clever Without a Hard Shoulder(没有硬路肩，智能高速公路就不智能)”符合文意。故选A项。 Passage 6 (2023-2024学年高二下·福建福州·期末)For many students who desire to move around but not far freely, one of the most common vehicles is the bicycle. For such a seemingly simple invention, its story is not that simple. Most historians trace its origin back to 1817, when a German nobleman named Karl von Drais invented a wooden, two-wheeled machine that riders moved forward with their feet. His invention became popular in both England and France, where it eventually became known as the velocipede. Unfortunately, it was eventually banned as a danger to pedestrians and was rarely seen after the early 1820s. Things were quiet for several decades until the bicycle development took off in the 1860s. An important milestone happened in Paris in 1863 when pedals(踏板) were added to the front axle(轴) . This occurred in Pierre Michaux’s workshop, but it’s unclear whether he or his employee, Pierre Lallement, should be given credit for the innovation. Lallement moved to the United States, where he obtained a patent for “improvements in velocipedes” in 1866. These new machines proved to be popular, and the name “bicycle” had come into use by 1869. However, many people referred to them as “bone shakers”, which described their clunky ride due to a heavy wooden frame and steel wheels. In the 1870s, “high wheelers” or “penny-farthings” became popular. However, with a large front wheel and a much smaller rear wheel, they could be dangerous, if riders had to stop suddenly, as they would “take a header” when their momentum(动量) carried them over the front wheel onto their heads. Eventually, English inventor John Kemp Starley designed a “safety bicycle” with two same small wheels, a chain drive, and a set of gears. With tires added in and brake(刹车) systems bettered in the following decades, bicycle production had skyrocketed to over one million bicycles by 1899. Mass production of bicycles increased their popularity greatly, since they became affordable for the average person. Over the course of the 20th century, manufacturers continued to improve the features and design of bicycles as new technologies appeared. 21. Why did the early bicycle fail to be allowed after its invention? A. It was made of bad materials. B. It was pushed by riders’ feet. C. It was thought to be a threat to traffic safety. D. It had no patent from the official organization. 22. What change did the 1860s see in the bicycle? A. The update of its axle. B. The growth of employees in its factory. C. An advance in its production workshop. D. An improvement in its drive part. 23. What does the underlined word “clunky” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Easy and cheap. B. Practical and safe. C. Heavy and awkward. D. Convenient and simple. 24. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Bicycles’ Development Is Helpful to Environment B. Bicycles Have a Long and Rich History C. Bicycles Have Been Popular in the World D. The World Becomes Smaller Because of Bicycles 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了自行车从19世纪初的雏形到现代的演变历程，包括关键创新、设计改进及大众化过程。 21. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Unfortunately, it was eventually banned as a danger to pedestrians and was rarely seen after the early 1820s.(不幸的是，它最终被禁止，因为它对行人有危险，在19世纪20年代初之后就很少见到了。)”可知，早期的自行车在发明后没有被允许使用是因为它被认为对行人构成威胁，即对交通安全构成了危险。故选C。 22. 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“An important milestone happened in Paris in 1863 when pedals (踏板) were added to the front axle (轴).(1863年在巴黎，踏板被安装到前轴上，这是一个重要的里程碑。)”可知，19世纪60年代自行车的变化在于其驱动部分得到了改进，即在前轴上增加了踏板。故选D。 23. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“These new machines proved to be popular, and the name “bicycle” had come into use by 1869. However, many people referred to them as “bone shakers”, which described their clunky ride due to a heavy wooden frame and steel wheels.(事实证明，这些新机器很受欢迎，到1869年，“自行车”这个名字就开始使用了。然而，许多人把它们称为“摇骨车”，形容它们clunky行驶，因为它们有沉重的木制框架和钢轮。)”可知，“clunky”描述的是由于沉重的木制框架和钢轮，骑行时的笨重和不灵活。C选项(又重又笨拙)符合题意。故选C。 24. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“For such a seemingly simple invention, its story is not that simple.(对于这样一个看似简单的发明，它的故事却没有那么简单。)”结合整篇文章讲述了自行车从1817年发明至今的发展历程，包括它的起源、重要里程碑、设计改进以及普及情况，因此最佳标题应概括为：自行车有着悠久而丰富的历史。故选B。 ( 地 城 高频话题 02 历史 / 社会 ) Passage 1 (2023-2024学年高二下·河北·期末)In 1972, the announcement of the Oncorhynchus rastrosus discovery frightened the scientific community. This old salmon(鲑鱼) species was originally thought to have sharp teeth. However, recent research suggests its teeth were more like warthog(疣猪) teeth, advertise to the side from its nose. These huge salmon, averaging over 8.5 feet in length, once lived in Pacific Northwest waters over 5 million years ago. The original theory proposed these unique adaptations helped the fish during its migration from the ocean to freshwater. However, a new study published in PLOS ONE offers a different perspective. Researcher Kerin Claeson and her team suggest the teeth’s placement and structure were ideal for defense. The salmon’s powerful lateral(侧面的) muscles, responsible for their characteristic swimming style, could have enabled them to use these spikes(尖刺) aggressively against hunters. Earlier speculations implied at a possible nest-building function for the unusual teeth. Signs of wear on some adult specimens implied rubbing(摩擦) against hard riverbed surfaces. However, the latest fossil evidence suggests a more oppositional purpose. The debate continues within the scientific community, with some experts arguing that the spikes were advantageous for digging nests or threatening competitors. Regardless of their precise function, the reconstructed appearance of O. rastrosus challenges previous assumptions about this old marine creature. Its spectacular set of teeth would have made it a powerful existence in ancient waters, either as a defender of its territory or as an aggressive competitor in the wilds of the Pacific Northwest. This fascinating revision(修订) illustrates the dynamic evolutionary adaptations of creatures in response to ancient ecosystems, leaving us with a renewed appreciation for the complex and ever-changing story of life on Earth. 1. What do we know about the old salmon according to paragraph 1-2 ? A. It has warthog’s teeth. B. It used to have sharp teeth. C. It has existed over 5 million years ago. D. It is famous for his teeth. 2. How can old salmon stay away from their hunters ? A. By the strengthen muscles and unique swimming style. B. By building nest with their sharp teeth. C. By rubbing against hard riverbed surfaces with their teeth. D. By the spikes’ structure and placement. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly about ? A. The powerful marine animals. B. The new understanding of old salmon. C. The sharp teeth and its effect. D. The new finding of this creature. 4. Which can be the best title of this passage ? A. The New Finding of the Teeth of Old Salmon B. Old Salmon－the Most Defensive Animal in the Sea C. Exploring the Old Marine Life D. Old Salmon: Unveiling a Prehistoric Mystery 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了对古代鲑鱼Oncorhynchus rastrosus的最新科学理解，尤其是对其独特牙齿结构功能的新认识。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“These huge salmon, averaging over 8.5 feet in length, once lived in Pacific Northwest waters over 5 million years ago. (这些巨大的鲑鱼平均长度超过8.5英尺，曾在500多万年前生活在太平洋西北水域。)”可知，鲑鱼存在于500多万年前。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The salmon’s powerful lateral(侧面的) muscles, responsible for their characteristic swimming style, could have enabled them to use these spikes(尖刺) aggressively against hunters. (鲑鱼强大的侧面肌肉，决定了它们特有的游泳方式，可能使它们能够使用这些刺攻击猎人。)”可知，古代鲑鱼通过尖刺的结构和位置来避开猎食者，故选D项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Regardless of their precise function, the reconstructed appearance of O. rastrosus challenges previous assumptions about this old marine creature. Its spectacular set of teeth would have made it a powerful existence in ancient waters, either as a defender of its territory or as an aggressive competitor in the wilds of the Pacific Northwest. This fascinating revision(修订) illustrates the dynamic evolutionary adaptations of creatures in response to ancient ecosystems, leaving us with a renewed appreciation for the complex and ever-changing story of life on Earth. (无论它们的确切功能如何，O. rastrosus的重建外观都挑战了以前对这种古老海洋生物的假设。它壮观的牙齿将使它在古代水域中成为一个强大的存在，无论是作为其领土的捍卫者，还是作为太平洋西北部荒野中的侵略性竞争者。这个引人入胜的修订版说明了生物对古代生态系统的动态进化适应，让我们重新认识地球上复杂而不断变化的生命故事。)”可知，本段主要讲述了对古代鲑鱼的新理解，故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。通过全文，文章围绕着对Oncorhynchus rastrosus这一史前鲑鱼物种的新发现及其对科学界的冲击展开，探讨了其牙齿的功能、生存策略以及对古生态环境的理解，D项“Old Salmon: Unveiling a Prehistoric Mystery(古代鲑鱼：揭开史前之谜)”最能概括全文，故选D项。 Passage 2 (2023-2024学年高一下·黑龙江鸡西·期末)The earliest discovered cave paintings date back to the Upper Paleolithic(旧石器时代晚期) period. We might expect that they would be simply made, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a high degree of skill. So do the cave paintings in southern Africa. Some of those appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as that in Europe. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters at least 30,000 years ago. The researchers identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: in obviously inhabited(有人居住的) rock shelters and cave entrances; in galleries near the inhabited areas of caves, and in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been considered as a sign that magical religious activities were performed there. The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no decoration. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that was their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely found in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in south western France is more clearly revealed by the results of a study. The data suggest that the animals in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat. For example, wild cattle and horses are found more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier meatier(多肉的) than other animals in the environment. In addition, in the paintings there are mostly animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as horns. That is, mammoths(猛犸) were drawn more often than deer. 5. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Painting in Europe is not so old as that in southern Africa. B. The cave paintings in southern Africa reflect ancient people’s super skill. C. The early Australians drew cave paintings later than the early Europeans. D. Most of the cave paintings of Spain and southern France were simply drawn. 6. Where can we find galleries in western Europe? A. Close to the inhabited areas of caves. B. In the inner reaches of caves. C. In a place too far from caves. D. At cave entrances. 7. What does the third paragraph reveal about the cave paintings? A. The subjects mainly include plants and animals. B. Human figures are usually found in cave art. C. The paintings were drawn on bare walls. D. They were carefully and well decorated. 8. Which might NOT be the reason why mammoths were often drawn in the paintings? A. They were very fast. B. They were quite large. C. They were rather tasty. D. They had natural weapons. 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了最早发现的洞穴绘画可以追溯到旧石器时代晚期。我们可能认为它们制作简单，但是西班牙和法国南部的洞穴壁画显示了高超技艺。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We might expect that they would be simply made, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a high degree of skill. So do the cave paintings in southern Africa. (我们可能认为它们制作简单，但是西班牙和法国南部的洞穴壁画显示了高度的技巧。南非的岩画也是如此。)”可知，南非的洞穴壁画反映了古代人的高超技艺，故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: in obviously inhabited(有人居住的) rock shelters and cave entrances; in galleries near the inhabited areas of caves, and in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been considered as a sign that magical religious activities were performed there. (研究人员确定了西欧洞穴中绘画的三个主要位置：明显有人居住的地方岩石掩体和洞穴入口；在有人居住的洞穴附近的画廊里，以及在洞穴的内侧，这些地方很难进入，被认为是在那里进行神奇的宗教活动的标志。)”可知，在西欧，靠近有人居住的洞穴可以找到画廊，故选A项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no decoration. (这些画的主题大多是动物。这些画挂在光秃秃的墙上，没有任何装饰。)”可知，洞穴壁画是画在光秃秃的墙上的，故选C项。 8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In addition, in the paintings there are mostly animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as horns. That is, mammoths (猛犸)were drawn more often than deer. (此外，画中大多是画家最害怕的动物，因为它们的大小、速度和角等自然武器。也就是猛犸象比鹿更常被画出来。)”可知，猛犸象并不是因为美味而被经常画在画中，故选C项。 Passage 3 (2023-2024学年高二下·江西·期末)In the fall of 2021, Jacob Geersen, a marine geologist, was teaching a one-week field course at the University of Kiel. Students were requested to map the shape of the seafloor. For some students, it’s the best time during their studies. “Usually if we go somewhere and do these measurements,” says Geersen, “then we find something interesting.” One night, in the Bay of Mecklenburg, the students fired up the echosounders(回声测深仪) and mapped the seafloor. “We saw that there was something special on the seafloor,” says Geersen. They didn’t know at the time that they’d discovered a stone wall more than half a mile long dating back to the Stone Age. Geersen was used to seeing rocks and stones show up on the echosounder, but he could already tell that what he was seeing was different. A year later, Geersen, his colleagues and a new group of students returned to that same site and lowered a camera down, and confirmed this ridge(脊状物) was made up of thousands of rocks that formed a kind of wall standing about 1.5 feet tall on average. Geersen didn’t know how such a structure could have formed naturally. “It was only when we went to the archaeologists that they said, ‘You may have found something very significant.’” Archaeologists on the project agreed that the wall was likely used by hunter-gatherers 10,000 to 11,000 years ago during the Stone Age to help them herd and hunt reindeer by the hundreds. People living during the Stone Age were more complex than we tend to believe. “We always think of them on the edge of starvation, trying to make a living out of the landscape. And that’s just not true,” she says. “Instead, people in Europe were building things before these more classical structures that we think of.” However, to confirm this wall was made by human and used to hunt, more archaeological evidence of hunting-related activity is needed. 9. How did Geersen view the stone wall? A. He felt it was very delicate. B. He could find it was different. C. He was used to touching such things. D. He recognized it as the oldest wall. 10. What is the key step to confirm the value of the wall? A. Returning and re-researching. B. Lowering a camera down. C. Considering natural reasons. D. Asking archaeologists for help. 11. What could the discovery of the stone wall mean? A. People from the Stone Age struggled to make a living. B. People from the Stone Age depended on nature deeply. C. Previously commonly held views might be wrong. D. Evidence of hunting-related activity was discovered. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Discover an Ancient Stone Age Stone Wall B. An Archaeological Discovery Has Shocked the World C. Human Beings 10,000 Years Ago Could Already Hunt D. Stone Age Life Was More Abundant than We Thought 【答案】9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们在波罗的海西南部的梅克伦堡湾进行海底扫描时发现了一个石器时代遗留的巨型石墙，这很可能是旧石器时代的狩猎采集者用来牧养和捕猎驯鹿的。这一发现可能会改变人们对史前人类的看法。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Geersen was used to seeing rocks and stones show up on the echosounder, but he could already tell that what he was seeing was different.”(格尔森已经习惯了在回声测深仪上看到岩石和石头，但他已经能分辨出他看到的是不同的。)可知，格尔森发现这个石墙是不同的。故选B。 10. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Geersen didn’t know how such a structure could have formed naturally. “It was only when we went to the archaeologists that they said, ‘You may have found something very significant.’” Archaeologists on the project agreed that the wall was likely used by hunter-gatherers 10,000 to 11,000 years ago during the Stone Age to help them herd and hunt reindeer by the hundreds.”(格尔森不知道这样的结构是如何自然形成的。“直到我们去找考古学家时，他们才说，‘你们可能发现了一些非常重要的东西。’”参与该项目的考古学家一致认为，这堵墙可能是1万到1.1万年前石器时代的狩猎采集者用来帮助他们放牧和捕猎数百头驯鹿的。)可知，格尔不知道这样的结构是如何自然形成的，直到他们去找考古学家们才知道他们可能发现了一些非常重要的东西。因此可以推断去找考古学家给了他们头绪，这是确认古墙价值的关键步骤。故选D。 11. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“People living during the Stone Age were more complex than we tend to believe. “We always think of them on the edge of starvation, trying to make a living out of the landscape. And that’s just not true,” she says. “Instead, people in Europe were building things before these more classical structures that we think of.” However, to confirm this wall was made by human and used to hunt, more archaeological evidence of hunting-related activity is needed.”(生活在石器时代的人比我们想象的要复杂得多。“我们总是想到他们处于饥饿的边缘，试图靠这片土地谋生。但事实并非如此，”她说。“相反，欧洲人在我们想到的这些更古典的结构之前就开始建造东西了。”然而，要证实这堵墙是人类建造的，用于狩猎，还需要更多与狩猎相关的考古证据。)可知，生活在石器时代的人比人们所认为的要复杂，人们总认为他们处于饥饿的边缘并依赖于自然，但事实并非如此。因此可以推断人们以前通常持有的观点可能是错误的。故选C。 12. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“One night, in the Bay of Mecklenburg, the students fired up the echo sounders (回声测深仪) and mapped the seafloor. “We saw that there was something special on the seafloor,” says Geersen. They didn’t know at the time that they’d discovered a stone wall more than half a mile long dating back to the Stone Age. Geersen was used to seeing rocks and stones show up on the echo sounder, but he could already tell that what he was seeing was different.”(一天晚上，在梅克伦堡湾，学生们启动了回声测深仪，绘制了海底地图。“我们发现海底有一些特别的东西，”格尔森说。他们当时并不知道他们发现了一堵超过半英里长的石墙，可以追溯到石器时代。格尔森已经习惯了在回声测深仪上看到岩石和石头，但他已经能分辨出他看到的是不同的。)可知，文章围绕石墙的发现、辨别和分析研究的过程展开，故A选项“科学家发现石器时代遗存的石墙”作为标题较为合理。故选A。 Passage 4 (2023-2024学年高二下·山东潍坊·期末)You may have heard the name “Michelin” because it’s related to Michelin tires. The tire producers Andre and Edouard Michelin created something called a “Michelin Guide” in 1900. It was originally meant as a guide specifically for France, outlining all of the travel destinations and why you should visit them, and thus encouraging people to buy cars, which meant more tire sales. This guide included gas stations, repair shops, and notable restaurants. The Michelin Guide began to cover all sorts of European and North African countries, but then, the First World War hit and production stopped. After the war, though, the Michelin brothers adapted the guide and began charging for it. This adapted guide included hotel listings. It removed advertising and then began to actually categorize and rate restaurants. By the year 1936, they had finalized their three-star standards that they would award to restaurants. One Michelin star was classified as “a very good restaurant in its category”. Two Michelin stars meant “excellent cooking, worth a detour(迂回)”. And lastly, three Michelin stars meant “exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey”. Now, there are Michelin Guides for 23 countries. Michelin hires undercover reviewers called “inspectors” that travel to restaurants secretly and decide their category. These inspectors are not even allowed to disclose to their parents their actual line of work, since parents will likely feel honored and show it off. So the number of inspectors that actually exist is unpublicized. To get a three-star rating isn’t always a good thing, though. A few restaurants have asked Michelin to take back their star rating. For example, Petersham Nurseries Cafe in London got a star in 2011, but people visiting expected a formal dining experience and unrealistic expectations of what the restaurant really was. Some restaurants in Japan also turned it down because they wouldn’t be able to keep up their quality of food with such a fierce jump in popularity. Everything must be perfect. Not good, not excellent — perfect. These are the absolute bare basics of the Michelin star system: some history and some highlights. 13. What is the original purpose of making Michelin Guide? A. To promote the company’s tire sales B. To popularize some fascinating hotels. C. To develop tourism industry in France. D. To regularize the reference on restaurants. 14. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The principles of Michelin charge. B. The introduction of Michelin Guide. C. The criteria of Michelin star ranking. D. The distribution of Michelin restaurants. 15. Which of the following best describes an inspector? A. Romantic. B. Mysterious. C. Respectable. D. Promising. 16. Why do some restaurants give up their Michelin star rating? A. They are fed up with the crowded customers. B. The Michelin star rating ruins their reputations. C. There are some drawbacks in the Michelin star system. D. They can’t live up to the expectations of the customers. 【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是从轮胎到餐厅——《米其林指南》的发展简史。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was originally meant as a guide specifically for France, outlining all of the travel destinations and why you should visit them, and thus encouraging people to buy cars, which meant more tire sales.(它最初是专门为法国设计的指南，概述了所有的旅游目的地以及你应该去的原因，从而鼓励人们买车，这意味着更多的轮胎销售。)”可知，《米其林指南》概述了所有的旅游目的地以及该去的地方，从而鼓励人们买车，这意味着销售更多的轮胎，由此可知，《米其林指南》最初的目的是促进公司轮胎的销售。故选A项。 14. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“By the year 1936, they had finalized their three-star standards that they would award to restaurants. (到1936年，他们最终确定了他们将授予餐馆的三星标准。)”以及下文中详细介绍的米其林星级标准可知，本段主要介绍的是米其林星级评定标准。故选C项。 15. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Michelin hires undercover reviewers called “inspectors” that travel to restaurants secretly and decide their category. These inspectors are not even allowed to disclose to their parents their actual line of work, since parents will likely feel honored and show it off.(米其林雇佣了被称为“检查员”的卧底评论者，他们秘密前往餐厅并决定他们的类别。这些检查员甚至不允许向父母透露他们的实际工作，因为父母可能会感到荣幸并炫耀。)”可知，米其林对餐厅的评论者秘密前往餐厅并决定他们的类别，且不允许向任何人透露他们的实际工作，由此可知，米其林对餐厅的检查员都是神秘的。故选B项。 16. 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“For example, Petersham Nurseries Cafe in London got a star in 2011, but people visiting expected a formal dining experience and unrealistic expectations of what the restaurant really was. Some restaurants in Japan also turned it down because they wouldn’t be able to keep up their quality of food with such a fierce jump in popularity.(例如，伦敦的Petersham Nurseries Cafe在2011年获得了一颗星，但来这里的人期望的是正式的用餐体验，对这家餐厅的真实情况抱有不切实际的期望。日本的一些餐馆也拒绝了这一提议，因为随着人气的急剧上升，他们无法保持食物的质量。)”可知，伦敦的Petersham Nurseries Café得到一星后，顾客对这家餐厅抱有不切实际的期望，日本的一些餐厅拒绝米其林的星级评定，他们担心的事无法保持食物的质量，由此可知，一些餐厅拒绝米其林的星级评定是担心辜负顾客的期望。故选D项。 Passage 5 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东梅州·期末)BookTok, an online community that thrives on the passion of readers who recommend, review, and theorize about literature, has become a significant force in the book world. When Rebecca Yarros’ “Fourth Wing” was released, it was embraced by BookTok with enthusiasm, generating a buzz that blended romance with fantasy elements. The novel’s publication in May was quickly followed by its sequel just six months later, sparking discussions about the pace of publishing and its potential impact on literary quality. The sequel’s release was not without its controversies. Yarros and her publisher, Red Tower Books, faced considerable backlash over grammatical errors in the text. Critics contended that these issues could have been prevented with proper proofreading, leading to questions about the rush to publish and the possible compromise of quality control. BookTok’s influence played a role in the rapid success of “Fourth Wing,” helping it soar to the top of the New York Times Best Sellers list within its first week, despite the criticisms. The community’s growing readership has encouraged both publishers and authors to capitalize on the momentum of hype, sometimes at the expense of the writing process. This dynamic likely contributed to the expansion of Yarros’ series from three to five books. The situation invites a comparison to the concept of “fast fashion,” a term used to describe the quick turnaround in clothing manufacturing from design to retail, aimed at capturing current trends. Fast fashion items are often characterized by affordability and lower quality, intended for swift sale. Applying a similar model to book publishing, especially with the influence of platforms like BookTok, could result in a decline in book quality if the writing and editing processes are not given adequate time to reach their full potential. It’s important to note that the critique is not aimed at books like “Fourth Wing” simply because they are popular. Rather, the concern lies with the publishing practices that may sacrifice the depth and quality of the work for the sake of meeting market demand. The worry is not for independent authors who meticulously manage their writing, editing, and publishing processes, but for those who might neglect the intricacies and importance of the writing journey. In essence, the conversation reflects a broader debate about the balance between commercial viability and artistic integrity in the publishing industry, and the role of social media in shaping literary trends and reader expectations. 17. Why does the author raise questions in the text? ______ A. To doubt readers’ judgment. B. To keep the text developing. C. To highlight BookTok’s advantages. D. To provide background information. 18. What was the situation of Fourth Wing after its release? ______ A. It enjoyed popularity. B. It faced little criticism. C. It was publicly rejected. D. It didn’t sell well in stores. 19. Which of the following shows the author’s opinion? ______ A. Book quality is vital in the publishing industry. B. Books like Fourth Wing are not good ones. C. Authors should avoid doing too many duties. D. BookTok shouldn’t be to blame for fast fashion. 20. What is the best title for the text? ______ A. BookTok Is Misleading Consumers in Reading. B. Are Those Books Posted Online Worth Reading? C. Fast Fashion Emerges in the Publishing Industry. D. Can the Publishing Industry Adapt to Challenges? 【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 【语篇解读】本文的体裁是议论文。本文围绕BookTok对书籍推广的影响，特别是快速出版对文学质量可能产生的影响进行了讨论，并提出了对这一现象的看法和评价。 17. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The novel’s publication in May was quickly followed by its sequel just six months later, sparking discussions about the pace of publishing and its potential impact on literary quality. (该小说在五月份出版后，仅六个月便迅速推出了续集，这引发了关于出版速度及其对文学质量潜在影响的讨论。)”引出出现的问题，第二段中的“The sequel’s release was not without its controversies. Yarros and her publisher, Red Tower Books, faced considerable backlash over grammatical errors in the text. Critics contended that these issues could have been prevented with proper proofreading, leading to questions about the rush to publish and the possible compromise of quality control. (续集的发行并非没有争议。Yarros及其出版商Red Tower Books因书中出现的语法错误而面临大量批评。评论家认为，这些问题本可以通过适当的校对来避免，从而引发了对急于出版及可能牺牲质量控制的质疑。)”可知，本段提出“急于出版及可能牺牲质量控制的质疑”，结合第三段中的“BookTok’s influence played a role in the rapid success of “Fourth Wing,” helping it soar to the top of the New York Times Best Sellers list within its first week, despite the criticisms. The community’s growing readership has encouraged both publishers and authors to capitalize on the momentum of hype, sometimes at the expense of the writing process. (BookTok的影响力助力了《Fourth Wing》的迅速成功，使其在首周内便荣登《New York Times》畅销书榜首，尽管存在批评声。该社群不断增长的读者群促使出版商和作者们利用这股炒作的势头，有时却以牺牲创作过程为代价。)”可知，本段使用例子给出了答案：快速出书会影响图书质量，结合第四段中的“The situation invites a comparison to the concept of “fast fashion,” a term used to describe the quick turnaround in clothing manufacturing from design to retail, aimed at capturing current trends.(这种情况让人联想到“快时尚”这一概念，即服装制造业从设计到零售的快速周转，旨在捕捉当前潮流。)”可知，此处提到《Fourth Wing》与“快时尚”的关系，结合第五段中的“It’s important to note that the critique is not aimed at books like “Fourth Wing” simply because they are popular. Rather, the concern lies with the publishing practices that may sacrifice the depth and quality of the work for the sake of meeting market demand. (值得注意的是，批评并非针对像《Fourth Wing》这样的书籍仅仅因为它们受欢迎。相反，担忧集中在那些为了迎合市场需求而可能牺牲作品深度和质量的出版行为上。)”可知，本段提出由急于出版《Fourth Wing》引发的担忧，所以作者在文中提出问题是为了推动本文的发展。故选B项。 18. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“BookTok’s influence played a role in the rapid success of “Fourth Wing,” helping it soar to the top of the New York Times Best Sellers list within its first week, despite the criticisms. (BookTok的影响力助力了《Fourth Wing》的迅速成功，使其在首周内便荣登《New York Times》畅销书榜首，尽管存在批评声。该社群不断增长的读者群促使出版商和作者们利用这股炒作的势头，有时却以牺牲创作过程为代价。)”可知，尽管这本书收到了批评，但还是迅速登上了《New York Times》畅销书排行榜的榜首，由此可推断，这本书在发行后深受欢迎。故选A项。 19. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Fast fashion items are often characterized by affordability and lower quality, intended for swift sale. Applying a similar model to book publishing, especially with the influence of platforms like BookTok, could result in a decline in book quality if the writing and editing processes are not given adequate time to reach their full potential.(快时尚产品通常以价格实惠和较低质量为特点，旨在迅速售出。将类似模式应用于图书出版，尤其是在BookTok这样的平台影响下，如果写作和编辑过程没有得到充足的时间来充分完善，可能会导致图书质量的下降。)”可知，作者认为图书质量在出版业至关重要。故选A项。 20. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段“The situation invites a comparison to the concept of “fast fashion,” a term used to describe the quick turnaround in clothing manufacturing from design to retail, aimed at capturing current trends. Fast fashion items are often characterized by affordability and lower quality, intended for swift sale. Applying a similar model to book publishing, especially with the influence of platforms like BookTok, could result in a decline in book quality if the writing and editing processes are not given adequate time to reach their full potential. (这种情况让人联想到“快时尚”这一概念，即服装制造业从设计到零售的快速周转，旨在捕捉当前潮流。快时尚产品通常以价格实惠和较低质量为特点，旨在迅速售出。将类似模式应用于图书出版，尤其是在BookTok这样的平台影响下，如果写作和编辑过程没有得到充足的时间来充分完善，可能会导致图书质量的下降。)”可知，本文主要介绍了当今出版业的一个现象——网络社区BookTok导致出版业出现了“快时尚”，标题“Fast Fashion Emerges in the Publishing Industry. (快时尚在出版业兴起)”概括了本文的主题，所以适合为文章的最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 6 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)A significant proportion of the American populace within the working-age demographic are encountering challenges in meeting the financial demands associated with health care, as per a recent comprehensive evaluation. This study, which is the inaugural edition of the Health Care Affordability Survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund, reveals that a substantial 51 percent of adults falling within the age bracket of 19 to 64 years have expressed that affording health care for themselves and their family is either exceedingly challenging or moderately difficult. This observation encompasses 43 percent of individuals who are beneficiaries of health insurance provided by their employers and an even higher 57 percent who have secured health insurance through a marketplace or have opted for an individual plan. Additionally, it is noteworthy that nearly one-half of the working-age adults who are under the Medicare program and 45 percent of those who are recipients of Medicaid also admit to facing hardships in covering their health care expenses. It is particularly striking that a majority, specifically 65 percent, of working-age adults have indicated that the escalation in the cost of various goods and services over the past year has had a detrimental impact on their capacity or that of their family to manage health care expenses. The aforementioned survey, which is based on a sample that is representative of the nation and comprises nearly 7,900 individuals who are 19 years of age or older, was carried out from the mid-point of April through the month of July in the current year. This survey follows on the heels of another analysis conducted by the research entity known as KFF, which demonstrated an upward trend in the costs associated with health insurance for employer-sponsored plans as well as an increase in the contributions made by workers towards these plans in the year 2023. The newly disseminated analysis has further unearthed that 38 percent of the individuals who participated in the survey identified cost as the primary factor that led them or a family member to either forgo or postpone the receipt of necessary health care services or the procurement of prescribed medication within the last 12 months. This includes 29 percent of those who are under the protection of employer-based coverage, 37 percent who are insured through individual and marketplace health plans, 42 percent who are covered by Medicare, and 39 percent who are recipients of Medicaid. Furthermore, it is observed that more than six-tenths of the individuals who are devoid of any form of health insurance have reported that they or a family member have had to delay or forgo medical care due to financial constraints. Among all those who have reported such instances of skipping or delaying care, a considerable 57 percent have stated that a health issue has consequently deteriorated. 21. How does the article present Americans’ health care payment situation? A. By citing data. B. By giving examples. C. By giving reasons. D. By making comparisons. 22. What leads to most working-age Americans’ difficulty in paying health care costs? A. Their heavy debt. B. Unemployment. C. Higher cost of living. D. Higher health care payment. 23. What may the underlined phrase in the fourth paragraph mean? A. Declined. B. Climbed up. C. Remained stable. D. Kept uncertain. 24. What may happen to those who lacked any type of health insurance? A. They may get worse if they have health problems. B. They are sure to obtain help from the government. C. They may have to skip or delay any health problems. D. They may not get affected with any diseases. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国处于工作年龄的人口在医疗保健费用方面的困境。调查显示，过半数成年人发现为家庭提供医疗保健具有挑战性，尤其是那些通过市场或个人计划获得保险的人。此外，参与医疗保险和医疗补助的人也面临支付困难。生活成本上涨加剧了这一问题，导致许多人因经济原因放弃或推迟必要的医疗服务。 21. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“a substantial 51 percent (高达51%)”、“43 percent (43%)”、“an even higher 57 percent (更高的57%)”、第三段中“nearly one-half (近一半)”、“45 percent (45%)”、“65 percent (65%)”以及第五段中“38 percent (38%)”、“29 percent (29%)”、“37 percent (37%)”、“42 percent (42%)”和“39 percent (39%)”可知，文章通过引用众多数据来呈现美国人的医疗保健支付状况。故选A项。 22. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is particularly striking that a majority, specifically 65 percent, of working-age adults have indicated that the escalation in the cost of various goods and services over the past year has had a detrimental impact on their capacity or that of their family to manage health care expenses. (特别引人注目的是，大多数，特别是65%的处于工作年龄的成年人表示，过去一年各种商品和服务成本的上涨对他们或其家庭管理医疗费用的能力产生了不利影响)”可知，较高的生活成本导致大多数处于工作年龄的美国人难以支付医疗费用。故选C项。 23. 词句猜测题。根据画线部分的下文“as well as an increase in the contributions made by workers towards these plans in the year 2023 (以及到2023年，工人对这些计划的缴款也会增加)”可知，工人缴款增加和前面的趋势是并列关系，再结合“in the costs associated with health insurance for employer-sponsored plans (与雇主赞助计划的医疗保险相关的费用)”可推知，这一费用是呈现上升趋势，画线部分意为“呈上升趋势”，与Climbed up“逐渐上升”意思一致。故选B项。 24. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Furthermore, it is observed that more than six-tenths of the individuals who are devoid of any form of health insurance have reported that they or a family member have had to delay or forgo medical care due to financial constraints. Among all those who have reported such instances of skipping or delaying care, a considerable 57 percent have stated that a health issue has consequently deteriorated. (此外，可以观察到，在没有任何形式的健康保险的人中，超过六分之一的人报告说，他们或家庭成员由于经济拮据不得不推迟或放弃医疗服务。在报告此类不护理或延迟护理的所有人中，有57%的人表示，健康问题因此恶化)”可知，那些缺乏任何类型的健康保险的人在有健康问题时，情况可能会变得更糟。故选A项。 Passage 7 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)Upon the release of the publication “The Mountain People” by the American ethnologist Colin Turnbull in the year 1972, he characterized the subjects of his study — a Ugandan tribe known as the Ik — as “a populace devoid of affection.” Turnbull, after a period of two years spent in observation, concluded that the Ik exemplified the primal tendencies of mankind: deceit, larceny, and a callous indifference to the suffering of others. However, when Athena Aktipis and her associates from the Human Generosity Project delved more profoundly into the matter, they discovered a society that engaged in the communal sharing of all resources. “Turnbull’s observations coincided with a calamitous famine in Uganda. What he witnessed was merely a reflection of the dire circumstances that arise when individuals are gripped by hunger,” Aktipis remarks. Yet, her research team uncovered that, despite the oppressive conditions they faced, the Ik held in high esteem the act of mutual assistance whenever it was within their means to do so. Aktipis posits that the phenomenon of selflessness is more pervasive and advantageous than the field of evolutionary social science has historically acknowledged. “The prevailing assumption was that individuals are inherently inclined to act solely in their own interests or those of their kin,” she states. By examining the distinctive and unselfish behaviors that have enabled nine communities across the globe to persist, the scholars from the Project aim to demonstrate that humanity is indeed capable of extensive collaboration. The Maasai populace in Kenya offers a principal illustration of the Project’s findings. They depend on reciprocal friendships to secure necessities such as sustenance or hydration during times of scarcity, with no expectation of reciprocation. Similarly, in the distant locale of New Mexico, while individuals frequently render aid in the transportation of livestock and receive support in kind, they will also provide assistance gratuitously in instances of adversity, such as personal injury or the bereavement of a cherished one. Aktipis is convinced that the theoretical models she has refined through the study of these communities can be broadly applied to any interdependent systems. Her overarching ambition is to devise social-welfare frameworks that offer sustenance to all members of society. Take, for instance, the market-driven insurance models prevalent in the United States: They are priced according to individual risk factors, including health profiles and geographic location, which results in millions of Americans being priced out of coverage. In contrast, a system founded on the principles of communal support and pooled financial resources would distribute the burden equitably during collective trials, such as natural catastrophes and pandemics. 25. What did Turnbull think of the Ik people? A. Heartless. B. Helpful. C. Restless. D. Generous. 26. What does the underlined word “selflessness” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Trying to be strong and tough to survive. B. Making full use of the surrounding resources. C. Being devoted to themselves or their relatives. D. Caring about the needs and happiness of others. 27. What does paragraph 3 intend to convey? A. Friendships guarantee a well-being life. B. Folks assist each other to get support. C. Cooperation is a good and natural instinct. D. People tend to provide resources for free. 28. How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings? A. By designing a policy for public health. B. By monitoring individual health histories. C. By creating a system against collective hardship. D. By lowering insurance prices for individual victims. 【答案】25. A 26. D 27. C 28. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1972 年，美国民族学家科林·特恩布尔经过两年的观察，特恩布尔得出结论，伊克人体现了人类的原始倾向：欺骗、盗窃和对他人苦难的冷漠无情。然而，当雅典娜·阿克提皮斯和她来自人类慷慨项目的同事们更深入地研究这个问题时，他们发现了一个致力于共享所有资源的社会。她的研究小组发现，尽管面临压迫条件，伊克人仍然高度尊重在力所能及的情况下相互帮助的行为。 25. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“he characterized the subjects of his study—a Ugandan tribe known as the Ik—as “a populace devoid of affection(他把他的研究对象——一个被称为伊克的乌干达部落——描述为“一个缺乏感情的群体)”可知，特恩布尔认为伊克人冷酷无情。故选A。 26. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“By examining the distinctive and unselfish behaviors that have enabled nine communities across the globe to persist, the scholars from the Project aim to demonstrate that humanity is indeed capable of extensive collaboration.(通过研究使全球九个社区得以持续存在的独特而无私的行为，该项目的学者们旨在证明人类确实能够进行广泛的合作)”可知，独特而无私的行为，表明人类确实能够进行广泛的合作，由此可推知，无私现象比进化社会科学领域历史上承认的更为普遍和有利。划线单词意为“无私”，故选D。 27. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The Maasai populace in Kenya offers a principal illustration of the Project’s findings. They depend on reciprocal friendships to secure necessities such as sustenance or hydration during times of scarcity, with no expectation of reciprocation. Similarly, in the distant locale of New Mexico, while individuals frequently render aid in the transportation of livestock and receive support in kind, they will also provide assistance gratuitously in instances of adversity, such as personal injury or the bereavement of a cherished one.(肯尼亚的马赛族人是该项目研究结果的主要例证。在物资匮乏时期，他们依靠互惠友谊来获得食物或水分等必需品，却不期望得到回报。同样，在遥远的新墨西哥州，虽然人们经常帮助运输牲畜并获得实物支持，但他们也会在逆境中无偿提供帮助，例如人身伤害或亲人丧亡。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了人类合作的本能，故选C。 28. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Aktipis is convinced that the theoretical models she has refined through the study of these communities can be broadly applied to any interdependent systems. Her overarching ambition is to devise social-welfare frameworks that offer sustenance to all members of society.(阿克提皮斯坚信，她通过研究这些社区而完善的理论模型可以广泛应用于任何相互依存的系统。她的首要目标是设计出为社会所有成员提供生计的社会福利框架。)”可知，阿克提皮斯打算通过创建一个应对集体困难的系统来运用她的研究成果，故选C。 Passage 8 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)When it comes to commemorating a child’s first year of life, the traditional approach often involves presenting an exquisitely adorned confectionery masterpiece to the young celebrant. By simply setting this visually striking sugar creation before the infant and activating the recording devices, one can capture the ensuing delightfully chaotic scene, replete with smiles and smears of frosting. However, this will not be the method I choose to honor my daughter's initial 12 months of existence — not because the sweet treat will be absent, but because my spouse and I have resolved to abstain from sharing her images on social platforms for an entire year, and we are determined to maintain this practice for the foreseeable future. I understand that I am part of a select few. Research indicates that approximately seventy-five percent of parents habitually upload photographs of their offspring to the internet. Pixsy, a platform that assists photographers in identifying unauthorized usage of their work, discovered that parents in the age bracket of 20 to 25 are twice as likely as their older counterparts to disseminate images of their little ones on social media platforms. Yet, I am not the only one who feels this way. A woman instrumental in the creation of Big Little Feelings — an Instagram account with 2.8 million followers that provides guidance to new mothers — recently decided to remove all the pictures she had previously posted of her children. The discourse surrounding “sharenthood,” or the inclination of parents to broadcast their children’s lives online, has been fervently ongoing for some time. The everyday choices made by parents have a significant, yet often undervalued, impact on the digital legacy of young individuals and their subsequent life trajectory. Technological advancements have introduced fresh challenges for parents. The latest development in artificial intelligence is the emergence of image-generating tools. By inputting a series of descriptive terms into a text field, AI can generate a visual representation of the described subject. The datasets for these AI-driven generative systems are frequently sourced from the open internet. While it is improbable that my daughter's Instagram photos would be processed through such an AI assembly line, resulting in her likeness appearing in someon’s creative AI-generated artwork, once images are disseminated on the web, they can be exceedingly difficult to eradicate completely. I do share photographs with friends and family via secure, private messaging applications. However, these closed networks are fundamentally distinct from public postings on the open internet. 29. How may the author celebrate his daughter’s birthday? A. Have the room decorated for her. B. Post her pictures on social media. C. Take photos with a cake before her. D. Send her photos to friends privately. 30. How many parents post photos of their kids online? A. Less than 10%. B. 20% -25%. C. 40%-50%. D. Around 75%. 31. What has led to the new trouble for parents? A. Image-generation tools. B. Kids’ digital records online. C. Information on the Internet. D. The descriptive words used by AI. 32. What's the author’s suggestion for parents? A. Never show up in generative art. B. Use safe private messaging apps. C. Remove the images online entirely. D. Post kids’ photos on closed networks. 【答案】29. D 30. D 31. A 32. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，大约75%的父母习惯性地将子女的照片上传到互联网上，父母在网上公开孩子生活的倾向对年轻人的数字遗产及其随后的生活轨迹产生了重大但往往被低估的影响，作者建议使用安全的私人消息应用与家人和朋友分享照片。 29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I have resolved to abstain from sharing her images on social platforms for an entire year(因为我和我的配偶决定一整年不在社交平台上分享她的照片)”和最后一段中“I do share photographs with friends and family via secure, private messaging applications.(我确实通过安全的私人信息应用程序与朋友和家人分享照片)”可知，对于庆祝女儿一岁的生日，作者决定不在社交平台上分享女儿的照片，选择通过私聊发送照片给朋友，故选D。 30. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Research indicates that approximately seventy-five percent of parents habitually upload photographs of their offspring to the internet.(研究表明，大约75%的父母习惯性地将子女的照片上传到互联网上)”可知，大约75%的父母会在网上发布孩子的照片，故选D。 31. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Technological advancements have introduced fresh challenges for parents. The latest development in artificial intelligence is the emergence of image-generating tools.(科技进步给父母们带来了新的挑战。人工智能的最新发展是图像生成工具的出现)”可知，人工智能的图像生成工具给父母带来了新问题，故选A。 32. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I do share photographs with friends and family via secure, private messaging applications.(我确实通过安全的私人信息应用程序与朋友和家人分享照片)”可知，作者建议使用安全的私人消息应用分享照片，故选B。 Passage 9 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)A recent study by UK researchers has shed light on a phenomenon termed “plant blindness,” which contributes to the widespread but mistaken belief that plants are perceived as less vibrant or alive compared to animals. It was not established that plant blindness is an innate trait; instead, the root cause appears to be the significantly diminished interaction with the natural world in societies that have become highly urbanized. The research indicates that a decrease in prior exposure to plants leads to a cycle of inattention. Urban cultures exhibit a well-documented incidence of plant blindness. Children are often observed to regard plants as less significant than animals, especially during their early years, and they have difficulty recognizing a diverse range of plant species. Both educators and students have reported varying levels of knowledge about plants, with primary school teachers lacking a background in science being particularly affected. In contrast, older individuals tend to possess greater plant knowledge, likely due to their increased participation in outdoor activities. Thirty-five studies have concluded that the process of urbanization or modernization has had a detrimental impact on people’s understanding of plants. The value of plant gathering has diminished due to an increased reliance on urban services and a cash-based economy. Additionally, the time available for outdoor activities has been curtailed by work and school commitments. These factors have also reduced family time, which in turn has adversely affected the oral transmission of plant knowledge to younger and older family members. Stagg has suggested that rather than a cognitive impediment to the visual recognition of plants, individuals residing in highly industrialized nations suffer from a lack of attention to plants due to a reduction in relevant exposure. To disrupt the cycle of plant inattention, Stagg emphasizes the importance of exposing people to diverse ecosystems and demonstrating the direct benefits of plants to humans, as opposed to the indirect benefits derived from their industrial use or advantages to distant, traditional communities. Engaging with edible and practical plants in local settings can be instrumental in this regard. The level of botanical knowledge among younger generations is directly linked to their perception of the usefulness of such knowledge in their lives. 33. What causes “plant blindness”? A. The plants have little attraction. B. People lack contact with plants. C. The plants have inactive characters. D. People live an unhealthy lifestyle. 34. Who are most likely to have “plant blindness”? A. Teenagers interested in animals. B. Experts devoted to agriculture. C. Students majoring in biology. D. Farmers working in the field. 35. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Encouraging. B. Harmful. C. Joyful. D. Temporary. 36. Which statement might Stagg agree with? A. “Plant blindness” can be treated or reduced. B. “Plant blindness” is bad for social development. C. “Plant blindness” is something people are born with. D. “Plant blindness” happens most in less developed countries. 【答案】33. B 34. A 35. B 36. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了“植物盲视”的现象，包括其原因、影响以及解决办法。 33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“instead, the root cause appears to be the significantly diminished interaction with the natural world in societies that have become highly urbanized(相反，根本原因似乎是在高度城市化的社会中，与自然世界的互动明显减少)”可知，植物盲视是因为人们与自然的互动大大减少，故选B。 34. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Children are often observed to regard plants as less significant than animals, especially during their early years, and they have difficulty recognizing a diverse range of plant species.(人们经常观察到，儿童认为植物不如动物重要，尤其是在他们的早期，他们很难识别各种各样的植物物种)”可知，对动物感兴趣的儿童更容易有植物盲视，故选A。 35. 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“The value of plant gathering has diminished due to an increased reliance on urban services and a cash-based economy.(由于越来越依赖城市服务和以现金为基础的经济，植物采集的价值已经降低)”可知，城市化或现代化的进程对人们对植物的认识产生了负面影响，detrimental意为“有害的，不利的”，故选B。 36. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stagg has suggested that rather than a cognitive impediment to the visual recognition of plants, individuals residing in highly industrialized nations suffer from a lack of attention to plants due to a reduction in relevant exposure.(Stagg认为，与其说是对植物视觉识别的认知障碍，不如说生活在高度工业化国家的人由于相关接触减少而缺乏对植物的关注)”可知，Stagg认为通过增加与植物的接触可以减少植物盲视，故选A。 Passage 10 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末)Clair Hughes initiated her quest for frugal methodologies to extricate herself from a £3,500 educational advance that had spiraled into a financial overhang. This economic strategist commenced an online odyssey in search of vouchers that would provide her with markdowns on her purchases. She divulged that the full value of an item seldom left her wallet, proclaiming, “Deductions are perpetually accessible; the key lies in meticulous organization. Initially, I anticipated an onerous endeavor, but I have now assimilated this lifestyle to the point where it has become second nature. I have effortlessly amassed savings exceeding £15,000.” In the year 2010, Ms. Hughes directed her attention towards fiscal conservation when she relocated to share a domicile with her significant other, Shane Byrne, an instructor within the telecommunications sector. Seeking counsel through digital means, she implemented a series of astute financial maneuvers, such as transferring her financial overdraft to an account that levied no interest. Subsequently, after a few years, she encountered an online collective of individuals devoted to the art of voucher accumulation and resolved to experiment with their practices. She dedicated considerable time to navigating the digital expanse in pursuit of vouchers, meticulously printing each one to accompany her on her commercial forays. Over the passage of time, she has secured some remarkable bargains. On one occasion, a pair of luminaries valued at £140 were hers for the mere sum of £35. Two years prior, Ms. Hughes expanded her repertoire of economic strategies by incorporating rebate applications that offer monetary restitution on a spectrum of items from alcoholic beverages to personal care products. Post each commercial venture, she uploads visual documentation of her financial transactions, which are subsequently scrutinized, and restitution is granted on certain acquisitions. Among her other premier recommendations for financial prudence, Ms. Hughes advocates participation in remunerative online surveys, which have yielded her a substantial cache of vouchers. She remarked, “I have encountered accounts of individuals gathering forsaken receipts from shopping carts to seek overlooked discounts. The extent to which vouchers and rebate applications have been of service to me is astonishing. The community significantly enhances my financial endeavors. There is invariably an individual prepared to elucidate the operational intricacies.” 37. What does saving money mean to Clair Hughes? A. It’s part of her daily life. B. It makes her shop less. C. It’s a way to leave school. D. It keeps her work organized. 38. What can we know about Clair Hughes? A. She always asks Shane for suggestions. B. She likes going shopping with her friends. C. She has bought some goods in low prices. D. She is good at discussing prices with others. 39. What does the last paragraph mainly show? A. Hughes’ feelings of her life. B. Hughes’ ways to get coupons. C. Hughes’ appreciation for society. D. Hughes’ difficulty in saving money. 40. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Graduate Enjoys Shopping B. A Community Collects Coupons C. A Woman Focuses on Saving Money D. A Shopper Is Famous for Saving Money 【答案】37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述了Clair Hughes如何专注于省钱。 37. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Initially, I anticipated an onerous endeavor, but I have now assimilated this lifestyle to the point where it has become second nature.(起初，我预料到这是一项繁重的努力，但我现在已经把这种生活方式同化了，它已经成为我的第二天性)”可知，省钱是克莱尔·休斯日常生活的一部分。故选A。 38. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Over the passage of time, she has secured some remarkable bargains. On one occasion, a pair of luminaries valued at £140 were hers for the mere sum of £35.(随着时间的推移，她获得了一些非凡的便宜货。有一次，她只花了35英镑就买了一对价值140英镑的灯具)”可知，克莱尔·休斯以低价买了一些商品。故选C。 39. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Among her other premier recommendations for financial prudence, Ms. Hughes advocates participation in remunerative online surveys, which have yielded her a substantial cache of vouchers. She remarked, “I have encountered accounts of individuals gathering forsaken receipts from shopping carts to seek overlooked discounts. The extent to which vouchers and rebate applications have been of service to me is astonishing. The community significantly enhances my financial endeavors. There is invariably an individual prepared to elucidate the operational intricacies.”(在她对审慎理财的其他主要建议中，休斯提倡参加有报酬的在线调查，这给她带来了大量代金券。她说:“我遇到过一些人从购物车里收集被遗忘的收据，以寻求被忽视的折扣。代金券和退税申请对我的帮助之大令人震惊。社区极大地促进了我的财务努力。总有一个人准备解释操作上的复杂性。”)”可知，最后一段主要说明了休斯获得优惠券的方法。故选B。 40. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Initially, I anticipated an onerous endeavor, but I have now assimilated this lifestyle to the point where it has become second nature. I have effortlessly amassed savings exceeding £15,000.(起初，我预料到这是一项繁重的努力，但我现在已经把这种生活方式同化了，它已经成为我的第二天性。我毫不费力地积累了超过1.5万英镑的积蓄)”结合全文主要讲述了Clair Hughes如何专注于省钱。可知，C选项“注重省钱的一个女人”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 11 (2023-2024学年高二下·广东惠州·期末)Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words. A new study from Southern Methodist University psychologist Sarah Kucker and colleagues reveals that passive video use among children can negatively affect language development, but their caregiver’s motivations for exposing them to digital media could also lessen the impact. Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months. Caregivers answered questions about their child’s words, sentences, and how much time they spend on different media activities each day. Those activities included video/TV, video games, video chat, and e-books, with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child. Print book reading was also compared. Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children’s media use. These factors were then compared to the children’s vocabulary and length using two or more words together. The research reveals a negative association between high levels of digital media watching and children’s vocabulary development. However, the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections-such as through video chats with family members. Kucker acknowledges that parents often use digital media to occupy children while they complete tasks. She suggests that caregivers need to consider what kind of videos and how much their children are watching, and whether they can interact with them during this period. Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch, how they use screens with others, and how that impacts language development. 41. What is the potential impact of being exposed to videos by caregivers on children? A. It enhances their vocabulary development. B. It has no significant effect on their language skills. C. It leads to the use of shorter phrases and sentences. D. It encourages them to read print books more often. 42. What do paragraph 2 and 3 tell us about the study? A. Its research process. B. Its theoretical basis. C. Its underlying logic. D. Its scientific evidence. 43. Under what circumstance can the negative impact be lessened? A. When children focus on tasks. B. When children get involved in the content. C. When videos serve as entertainment. D. When videos aid learning and bond building. 44. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To point out the significance of the study. B. To bring out the focus of follow-up studies. C. To present the practical application of the findings. D. To discuss other affecting factors of babies’ growth. 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 【语篇解读】本文体裁为说明文。文章基于一项关于儿童观看视频与其语言发展之间关系的研究，介绍了研究方法、结果及对未来研究方向的展望。 41. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Children exposed to videos by caregivers for their calming or “babysitting” benefits tended to use phrases and sentences with fewer words. (为了安抚情绪或“照顾”孩子而观看由看护人提供的视频的儿童倾向于使用词汇较少的短语和句子。)”可知，由看护者为了让婴儿安静或起到临时照看作用而让他们接触视频的孩子倾向于使用更少词汇的短语和句子。故选C。 42. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, the study involved 302 caregivers of children between 17 and 30 months. Caregivers answered questions about their child’s words, sentences, and how much time they spend on different media activities each day. Those activities included video/TV, video games, video chat, and e-books, with caregivers explaining why they use each activity with their child. Print book reading was also compared. (这项研究发表在《儿科学报》杂志上，涉及302名17至30个月大儿童的看护人。照顾者回答了关于孩子的单词、句子以及他们每天花在不同媒体活动上的时间的问题。这些活动包括视频/电视、视频游戏、视频聊天和电子书，看护人解释了他们为什么和孩子一起做这些活动。也比较了纸质书的阅读情况。)”和第三段“Researchers looked at the amount of media use and the reasons provided by caregivers for their children’s media use. These factors were then compared to the children’s vocabulary and length using two or more words together. (研究人员调查了孩子们使用媒体的数量，以及照顾者为孩子使用媒体提供的原因。然后将这些因素与孩子们的词汇量和使用两个或两个以上单词的长度进行比较。)”可知，这两段详细介绍了研究的实施过程，包括参与研究的儿童看护者的数量、他们需要回答的问题内容、涉及的媒体活动类型，以及研究人员如何比较和分析这些因素对孩子词汇发展的影响。故选A。 43. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“However, the negative impact on language skills was lessened when videos were used for educational purposes or to foster social connections-such as through video chats with family members. (然而，当视频用于教育目的或促进社会联系时(例如通过与家人视频聊天)，对语言技能的负面影响就会减少。)”可知，当视频用于教育目的或促进社交联系时(如与家庭成员进行视频聊天)，对语言技能的负面影响会减轻。故选D。 44. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Future research by Kucker and her colleagues will continue to explore the types of videos young children watch, how they use screens with others, and how that impacts language development. (Kucker和她的同事们未来的研究将继续探索幼儿观看的视频类型，他们如何与他人一起使用屏幕，以及这对语言发展的影响。)”可知，其目的是介绍后续研究的重点方向，即继续探索儿童观看的视频类型、他们如何与他人共用屏幕，以及这对语言发展的影响。故选B。 Passage 12 (24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期末)Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke(中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project, the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol(胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic(心血管代谢) risk score(CRS)— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 45. What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Beneficial. B. Harmful. C. Unrelated. D. Challenging. 46. Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A. It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B. It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C. It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D. It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 47. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B. Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C. IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D. the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 48. How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A. Neutral. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Objective. 【答案】45. A 46. C 47. B 48. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国新研究发现，灵活工作可以降低心脏病或中风的风险。 45. 词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke(灵活的工作可以降低心脏病或中风的风险)”以及第二句后面的“some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier(一些灵活工作的员工最终的心脏健康状况与 10 年前相同)”可得知，工作和生活的平衡即灵活的工作对职员的身体健康是有益的，由此可知，划线单词意为“有益的”。故选A。 46. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score(CRS)— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years.(学者们利用这些信息来计算每个人的心脏代谢风险评分(CRS)——他们在未来 10 年内患心血管疾病(诸如心脏病发作)的风险)”这一句破折号后面的内容可得知，研究人员计算参与者的CRS是因为CRS是可以表示患心血管疾病的风险程度的一项指标，故选C。 47. 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Employees older than45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees.(45 岁以上的员工比年轻员工更有可能减少。)”可推知，45岁以上的职员得心血管疾病的风险程度比年轻人得心血管疾病的风险程度降低的可能性更大，故选B。 48. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“ Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.”(联合首席作者奥尔费·巴克斯顿说，他们的结论应该鼓励雇主让员工更好地平衡工作与生活。“设计干预的目的是改变工作场所的文化，减少员工工作和个人生活之间的冲突，最终改善他们的健康。”)”可得知，Orfeu Buxton是反对这种职场文化的，应该鼓励雇主让员工更好地平衡工作与生活，进行干预，改变工作场所的文化，减少员工工作和个人生活之间的冲突，最终改善他们的健康。故选B。 Passage 13 (2023-2024学年高二下·湖北·期末)A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work currently done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to automation. And that could be awful, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: Hot Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It’s not just that this would happen to individuals, but it could be pretty systemic.” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has implications not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy. ” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts issue their warnings with a caveat(限制性条款): there are still things Al isn’t capable of — tasks that involve distinctly human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that centre those skills could help lessen the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three categories that are going to be relatively insulated(隔离) in the foreseeable future, ” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely creative: you're not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you’re genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” “The second insulated category, he continues, is jobs that require sophisticated(老练的) interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, secretarial clerks and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep understanding of people.” The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity(灵巧) and problem-solving ability in unpredictable environments”. Many trade jobs — think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like — fall under this umbrella, he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate.” In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 49. According to Martin Ford what’s his attitude towards AI? A. Favorable. B. Pessimistic. C. Neutral. D. Dismissive. 50. Why did the writer mention the caveat in Paragraph 3? A. To introduce the main topic. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a comparison. 51. According to the passage, in the future which job is more likely to be replaced by Al? A. A business consultant. B. A craftsman. C. A typist. D. A tourist guide. 52. What's the best title for the text? A. The robots really are coming for some jobs. B. The jobs AI won’t take yet. C. AI will transform working mode. D. The jobs people can do in the future. 【答案】49. B 50. A 51. C 52. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人工智能不能胜任的工作。 49. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to automation. And that could be awful, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: Hot Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. (报告进一步指出，在整个欧盟和美国，自动化可能会导致3亿个工作岗位流失。《机器人的规则：热门人工智能将改变一切》一书的作者马丁·福特(Martin Ford)说，这可能很糟糕。)”以及第二段““It’s not just that this would happen to individuals, but it could be pretty systemic.” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has implications not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy. (“这不仅会发生在个人身上，而且可能是相当系统性的。他说。“这可能发生在很多人身上，可能很突然，可能同时发生。这不仅对这些人有影响，对整个经济也有影响。”) ”可推断马丁·福特对人工智能的态度是悲观的，故选B。 50. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts issue their warnings with a caveat (限制性条款): there are still things Al isn’t capable of — tasks that involve distinctly human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that centre those skills could help lessen the chances of being replaced. (谢天谢地，也不全是坏消息。专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一个限制性条款：人工智能仍有一些事情是无法胜任的——这些任务涉及到明显的人类品质，比如情商和创新思维。而进入以这些技能为中心的岗位有助于减少被取代的可能性。)”可知这个限制性条款就是说人工智能仍有一些事情是无法胜任的，也就是有些工作是不能被人工智能取代的，也就是作者提到限制性条款的原因是引出本文的话题，故选A。 51. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The first would be jobs that are genuinely creative: you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you’re genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new. (第一种是真正具有创造性的工作：你不是在做公式化的工作，也不是在重新安排东西，而是在真正地提出新想法，创造新东西。)”，第五段“The second insulated category, he continues, is jobs that require sophisticated (老练的) interpersonal relationships. (他接着说，第二个被隔离的类别是需要复杂人际关系的工作。)”，第六段“The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity (灵巧) and problem-solving ability in unpredictable environments”. (福特表示，第三个安全区“是那些在不可预测的环境中确实需要大量机动性、灵活性和解决问题能力的工作”。)”可知这三类工作是人工智能无法胜任的，对照选项可知C选项“打字员”是重复性的工作，最有可能被人工智能取代，故选C。 52. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off job loss to AI. At least, for a while. (简而言之，在包括不可预测任务在内的动态、不断变化的环境中寻找职位，是避免人工智能抢走工作的好方法。至少暂时是这样。)”可知文章介绍了一些人工智能不能胜任的工作。B选项“人工智能还不能胜任的工作。”符合文章主题，故选B。 Passage 14 (2023-2024学年高二下·湖北武汉·期末)In recent years, much of my life as a consumer has shifted to what I like to call background spending. As I’ve subscribed to more apps and streaming platforms, significant sums of my money tend to drift away each month without my ever thinking about it. Think of it as automated capitalism(资本主义). Spending without the hassle of spending. Purchase without action or thought. Indeed, economists estimate that buyers forgetting to cancel subscriptions can increase a business’s income by as much as 200 percent. We’re too lazy or busy to even notice or cancel! “Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of the rest,” these companies assure us. But by agreeing to this trade, we’ve become passive consumers who are allowing the balance of capitalism to shift away from us. We have given up one of our key powers as individuals: our control. And this laziness generates more laziness because most of us can’t be bothered with conducting regular review s of our subscription spending. If we’re going to rebalance the wheels of capitalism just a little, we could do worse than to support a recently proposed rule from the Federal Trade Commission. In March, the organization suggested a “click to cancel” condition that would require companies to make it just as easy to end a subscription as to sign up for one. No more being forced to go into the gym to end your membership if you were able to join online! Additionally, under this extra layer of consumer protection, businesses would need to remind subscribers annually about their membership before these are automatically renewed. This rule would mean any background spending would, if only just for one moment a year, be at the forefront of your mind. If all that doesn’t work, I have another idea: an app designed to keep track of your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances. Oh wait, those already exist—for a recurring(再发生) fee, of course. 53. What does the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Consideration. B. Approval. C. Trouble. D. Rejection. 54. What do passive consumers tend to do? A. Subscribe to various apps. B. Ignore subscription review. C. Lose the balance between earning and spending. D. Reach an agreement with credit card companies. 55. What are subscription service providers expected to do in Paragraph 4? A. Remind consumers to renew their membership. B. Allow customers to cancel subscription easily. C. Reconsider the proposal of federal government. D. Discontinue releasing new subscription services. 56. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Background spending needs to be controlled. B. Subscriptions to apps are generally hard to end. C. Apps for tracking subscriptions should be designed. D. Proposals to prevent automated capitalism are supported. 【答案】53. C 54. B 55. B 56. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了背景支出导致了许多不需要的额外开支，说明了背景支出导致的问题以及如何避免。 53. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Purchase without action or thought. Indeed, economists estimate that buyers forgetting to cancel subscriptions can increase a business’s income by as much as 200 percent.(不假思索地购买。事实上，经济学家估计，买家忘记取消订阅可以使企业的收入增加多达200%)”可知，自动化资本主义会带来额外花费的麻烦。故划线词意思是“麻烦”。故选C。 54. 细节理解题。根据第三段“And this laziness generates more laziness because most of us can’t be bothered with conducting regular review s of our subscription spending.(这种懒惰会导致更多的懒惰，因为我们大多数人都懒得定期检查我们的订阅支出)”可知，被动消费者倾向于忽略订阅审查。故选B。 55. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In March, the organization suggested a “click to cancel” condition that would require companies to make it just as easy to end a subscription as to sign up for one. No more being forced to go into the gym to end your membership if you were able to join online!(今年3月，该组织提出了一个“点击取消”的条件，要求公司让终止订阅和注册订阅一样容易。如果您能够在线加入，就不再被迫进入健身房结束您的会员资格！)”可知，订阅服务提供商应该允许客户轻松取消订阅。故选B。 56. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent years, much of my life as a consumer has shifted to what I like to call background spending. As I’ve subscribed to more apps and streaming platforms, significant sums of my money tend to drift away each month without my ever thinking about it.(近年来，作为一名消费者，我的大部分生活都转向了我喜欢称之为背景支出的方式。随着我订阅了越来越多的应用程序和流媒体平台，我每个月都在不知不觉中花掉了大笔钱)”结合文章主要说明了背景支出导致了许多不需要的额外开支，说明了背景支出导致的问题以及如何避免。可知，这篇文章的主旨是背景支出需要控制。故选A。 Passage 15 (2023-2024学年高二下·河南开封·期末)Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment, defined as at desks without meaningful partitions(隔板), according to an International Facility Management Association survey. That is, if they even have a desk- workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal(共用的) table. The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. More nearness between employees, the thinking went, would create more interaction and teamwork, promote social interaction and urge productivity. But in fact, purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects, creating so much distraction(分心) that employees stayed away from each other. A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol, the results of which were published last year, tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space, with offices with walls, to an open office. Face-to-face interaction became less — employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues. Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. As digital communication channels surged, productivity declined. Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces- where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago- are so hard to work in. “The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory(听觉的) experience. Voice above 55 decibels(分贝) — roughly the sound of a loud phone call- causes measurable stress, ” according to a Wall Street Journal article,  “The Neuroscience-Optimized Office”. “Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. 57. What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1? A. It allows 10 people at most to work together. B. It is believed to stimulate workers’ creativity. C. It is only popular with new technology companies. D. It is aimed at promoting workers’ social interaction. 58. What does the underlined word “surged” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Suspended timely. B. Became useless. C. Cost less. D. Increased quickly. 59. What makes an open office hard to work in? A. Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B. Showing real emotions publicly. C. Facing communication barriers at work. D. Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues. 60. What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph? A. What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B. Why the open office makes workers distracted. C. How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D. How to draw workers’ attention to their colleagues nearby. 【答案】57. B 58. D 59. D 60. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开放式办公室的流行趋势及其对员工工作效率和互动的影响。 57. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The open-plan office space trend, popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups, went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. (开放式办公室空间的趋势，由创意机构和科技初创公司推广，成为主流，因为人们相信开放空间环境支持创新)”可知，开放式办公室的流行趋势是因为人们相信它能激发员工的创造力。故选B。 58. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Instead of talking more with each other, the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. (员工们没有更多地互相交谈，而是戴上耳机，开始通过短信和电子邮件进行交流)”可知，员工们开始更多地使用数字通信渠道，数字通信渠道的激增，划线词surged意为“迅速增加”。A. Suspended timely及时暂停；B. Became useless变得无用；C. Cost less成本更低；D. Increased quickly增长迅速。故选D。 59. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’, in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue; our brains automatically imagine the other, ” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. (更麻烦的是无意中听到的‘半句话’，听者只知道对话的一面；我们的大脑会自动想象对方，”作者约翰·梅迪纳和瑞安·穆勒尼克斯写道。)”可知，开放式办公室难以工作的原因是听到同事之间对话的一部分。故选D。 60. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the solution, say experts including Newport, isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. (但包括纽波特在内的专家表示，解决方案不是让每个人都回到有墙的办公室)”可推测，接下来可能会讨论如何解决开放式办公室的缺点。故选C。 Passage 16 (2023-2024学年高二下·河南南阳·期末)We are often told that we are at the heart of a technological revolution, in which business and the world of work continue to be transformed and improved by computers, the Internet, the increased speed of communication, data processing, robotics, and now — artificial intelligence. There is only one small problem with all this — none of it seems to show up in the economic data. If all this technology really is making us all work faster and better, there is precious little evidence. Between 1974 and 2008 the UK’s productivity — the amount of output you get per worker — grew at an annual rate of 2.3%. But between 2008 and 2020 the rate of productivity growth collapsed to around 0.5% per year. And in the first three month$$