内容正文:
英语
2025重庆
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2
代词
专题二
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目
录
专题要点明晰
考点分类讲练
专题语篇精练
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代词是用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句或句子等的一类词。
类别 意义
人称代词 表示人称范畴及其屈折变化形式,有人称、数、格等变化
物主代词 表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
反身代词 表示反身或强调的代词,可译为“本人”“本身”或“亲自”“自己”
不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词
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指示代词 表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词
相互代词 表示相互关系的代词,在句中作动词或介词的宾语
疑问代词 用来引导特殊疑问句的代词
关系代词 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等的代词,代表句子所修饰的成分
连接代词 引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句等名词性从句的代词
课标要求掌握六个方面的内容:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词及疑问代词。
中考高频考点:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词以及不定代词等。
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考点1 人称代词、物主代词及反身代词
一、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词一览表
类别人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词(一二形代,
第三宾)
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
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二、人称代词
1.人称代词作主语时用 ,用在谓语动词前。作及物动词或介词的宾语及作表语时用 ,表示动作及行为的对象。
(她) is a clever girl.
I saw (他) yesterday.
2.人称代词的使用顺序:
(1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,顺序为二(you)三(he/she/it)一(I);
(2)复数人称代词并列作主语时,顺序为一(we)二(you)三(they);
(3)在承认错误、承担责任时,要把第一人称放在前面。
主格
宾格
She
him
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3.要根据题干中的提示词,如mother, father, Lily, Tom等及语境判定应该用哪一人称。
—Where is Dad? — is in the garden.
Mrs. Smith is very kind. We all like .
4.人称代词的特殊用法:宾格代替主格
在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后时,多用宾格。
—I like English. 我喜欢英语。
— , too. 我也是。
He
her
Me
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三、物主代词
1.物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,分为 和 _ _两种。
2.形容词性物主代词相当于 ,置于 前作定语。名词性物主代词= +名词,相当于 ,不能用于 前,说话时要加重语气。
—Is this your bike?这是你的自行车吗?
—No, it’s her bike. Mine(=My bike) is under the tree.不是,是她的自行车。我的(自行车)在树下。
3.of+名词性物主代词表示双重所有格
她的一个朋友
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
形容词
名词
形容词性物主代词
名词
名词
a friend of hers
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【特别提醒】
物主代词的用法口诀
两种谁的不相同,加个s形变名;
his,its不用变,my变mine要记清;
形代后面加名词,名代后面不加名。
(有名填形,无名则名)
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句法作用 例句
宾语 Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾你自己。
表语 Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。
主语或宾语的同位语 Mr. Green himself is a doctor. 格林先生本人就是一名医生。
四、反身代词
1.反身代词是指一种指代某人自己的代词,它要与所指代的名词或代词在人称、数、性别上保持一致。
2.反身代词的用法
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3.常见的反身代词的固定搭配:
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
learn... by oneself/teach oneself 自学
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
help yourself to 随便吃……;请自便
by oneself 独自地;单独地
be oneself 做某人自己
hurt oneself 受伤
keep... to oneself 保守秘密
keep... for oneself 将某物据为己有
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▶ 考点专练
1.(2024福建)Using AI tools in the right way can help to work better.
A.we B.us C.our
2.(2024成都)Miss Lin teaches piano very well. With help, I’ve made great progress.
A.his B.her C.their
3.(2024北京)My friends and I like sports. often play basketball together after school.
A.We B.I C.They D.You
4.(2024天津)When parents went away on business, I looked after .
A.my; myself B.my; mine
C.me; myself D.me; mine
B
B
A
A A
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5.(2024白银、平凉、武威)The cat lay on the sofa, washing (it).
6.(2024达州)There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use
(you)?
7.(2024云南)Nie Er is a great musician in China. We all take pride in
(he).
8.(2024黑龙江龙东地区)We enjoyed (our) at Zhaolin Park last Sunday.
itself
yours
him
ourselves
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考点2 不定代词
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。
一、常见易混不定代词
1.either与 neither
either 表示两者中的任意一个;作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;either... or... 或者……或者……
neither 表示两者都不;作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;neither... nor... 既不……也不……
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2.both与all
both 表示两者都;作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;both... and... ……和……都;既……又……
all 表示三者或三者以上的人或物都;作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
3.no one 与 none
no one 表示没有一个人,只能指人;指代可数名词;作主语时,谓语动词用单数;常用于回答以who开头的特殊疑问句
none 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中没有一个;常与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数均可;常用于回答以how many/much开头的特殊疑问句
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4.some与any
相同点 均可代替或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
不同点 some 多用于肯定句;也可用于表示请求或建议的疑问句,因为问话者希望得到肯定的答复;
Would you like some tea? 你想喝点茶吗?
any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中;用于肯定句时,表示“任何一个;任何一些”;
Is there any tea in the cup? 杯子里有茶吗?
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5.each与every
相同点 “each/every+n.”结构作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
不同点 each 用作形容词或代词,可单独使用;指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”;强调个体;后面可加of短语
every 只用作定语,不可单独使用;指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”;强调整体;后面不可加of短语
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6.little, a little, few与a few
a little 意为“一点儿”;表示肯定意义;修饰不可数名词 little意为“几乎没有”;表示否定意义
a few 意为“一些;几个”;表示肯定意义;修饰可数名词复数 few意为“几乎没有”;表示否定意义
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7.other, the other, another, others与the others
other 泛指其他的;不能单独使用,后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词
the other 指两者中的另一个;可单独使用;常构成one... the other...
another 泛指三者或三者以上同类事物中的另一个;后跟可数名词单数,或跟“基数词+可数名词复数”;
another day 另一天another two days 另外两天
others 泛指另外的人或物;相当于other+复数名词;常构成some... others...
the others 特指一定范围内的其他所有;相当于the other+可数名词复数
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二、复合不定代词
1.复合不定代词为some-, any-, every-, no-与-thing, -one, -body合成的不定代词。
指人 指物 用法
somebodysomeone something 常用于肯定句;也可用于表示建议的疑问句
anybodyanyone anything 常用于否定句、疑问句或if引导的条件状语从句
everybodyeveryone everything 常用于肯定句,也可用于否定句(部分否定)
nobodyno one nothing 常用于否定句(表完全否定意义)
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2.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Everyone (be) here.
Nobody (like) it.
3.形容词、不定式或else修饰复合不定代词时要后置。
一些新东西
任何想说的事情
其他任何人;别人
4.复合不定代词后不加of。
is
likes
something new
anything to say
anyone/anybody else
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▶ 考点专练
1.(2024黑龙江龙东地区)Tom has been in Shanghai for five years, so he can speak
Chinese.
A.a few B.a little C.little
2.(2024吉林)Running is getting popular. It is good for our health and it costs .
A.nothing B.everything C.anything
B
A
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3.—I can’t go to your party this Friday. I have too much homework to do.
—That’s too bad. Maybe time.
A.another B.other C.the other
4.—I can’t find my shoes. Where are they, Mom?
—Oh, one is under the bed, and is behind the door.
A.the other B.others C.another
5.(2024镇江)Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. of them help students explore the science world.
A.Neither B.Both
C.All D.None
A
A
B
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6.(2024无锡)We’re looking for who can deal with the new computer virus.
A.someone B.everyone
C.something D.everything
7.—Did you see at the Hangzhou National Tea Museum?
—Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there.
A.something interesting B.everything interesting
C.anything interesting D.nothing interesting
A
C
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8.—Bob, what’s your dream job, a doctor or a teacher?
— . I want to be a policeman.
A.Both B.Either
C.None D.Neither
9.He has some good ideas.(改为否定句)
He have good ideas.
10.All the teachers are patient with us.(改为否定句)
the teachers are patient with us.
D
doesn’t
any
None of
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考点3 指示代词
用来指示近处或远处,上下文或以前出现的人或事物。
常见指示代词的基本用法:
单数 复数 用法
this(这个) these(这些) 用于指时间或空间上较近的事物
that(那个) those(那些) 用于指时间或空间上较远的事物
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【特别提醒】
(1)打电话时,用this做自我介绍,用that询问对方是谁。
This is Mary speaking. Who’s that?
我是玛丽。你是谁?
(2)在表示比较的句子中,常用that/those代替前面提到的相比较的事物,以避免重复。
The hamburger is much smaller than that in the advertisement. 这个汉堡比广告上的小得多。
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▶ 考点专练
选词填空
these those that this
1.Because of the cold weather, the students in Heilongjiang have a longer winter holiday than in Guangdong.
2.Teenagers days often have a lot of worries.
3.Do you know boy under the tree?
4.Hello! is Amy speaking.
those
these
that
This
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考点4 it和one的用法
一、it的用法
特指上文中提到的同一事物 —Where’s your office?你的办公室在哪里?
—It’s on the third floor. 在三楼。
用来代替指示代词this或that —What’s this?这是什么?
—It’s a pencil. 这是一支铅笔。
指不知性别的婴儿或成人 —Who is the person over there?那边的人是谁?
—It may be the doctor. 可能是医生。
指天气、时间、距离等 It’s sunny. 天气晴朗。
It’s about eight o’clock. 大约8点了。
How far is it from your school to your home?你的学校离你家有多远?
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在固定句型中作形式主语 It’s+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.做某事(对某人来说)是……的 It’s very important for us to eat breakfast every day. 对我们来说,每天吃早饭很重要。
It’s+adj.+(of sb.)+to do sth.(某人)这么做真是太…… It’s very kind of you to help me out of trouble.你能帮我摆脱困境真是太好了。
It’s+adj.+that 从句 ……是……的 It’s impossible that we finish the work within two days. 我们在两天内完成这项工作是不可能的。
It seems that... ……好像…… It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings. 这个男孩好像对中国画很感兴趣。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了 It’s your turn to clean the classroom. 轮到你打扫教室了。
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.是(某人)做某事的时候了 It’s time to get up. 该起床了。
It’s said/believed/reported that... 据说/人们认为/据报道…… It’s said that a UFO appeared in America.据说美国出现了不明飞行物。
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续表
在固定句型中作形式主语 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花费多少时间做某事 It took him three hours to get to the train station.到火车站花了他三个小时。
It is/has been+时间段+since+从句(一般过去时)自从……以来;已经有……时间了 It has been six years since I bought the book.这本书我买了六年了。
在固定句型中作形式宾语 常用在find,think,make,consider,feel等动词后sb.+find(s)/think(s) it+adj.+to do sth. 某人发现/认为做某事是……的 I find it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。
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二、one的用法
泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物 I don’t like this sweater. Will you please show me another one?我不喜欢这件毛衣。你能再给我看一件吗?
代替上文出现过的可数名词,以避免重复,其复数形式是ones I prefer the pink sweater to the blue one. 我喜欢粉色毛衣胜过蓝色毛衣。I prefer red roses to white ones. 我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰。
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三、辨析it, one与that
单词 用法
it 指代上文提到的同一事物(同类同物)
The book is very interesting, so I like it. 这本书很有趣,所以我喜欢它。
one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类异物)
My pen is broken. I’ll buy a new one. 我的钢笔坏了。我要买一支新的。
that 常用于比较句型中,代替上文提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词Mary’s handwriting is far better than that of Henry. 玛丽的字迹比亨利的好很多。
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▶ 考点专练
1.(2024徐州)—Who was calling you on the phone just now?
— was my cousin.
A.He B.She C.It D.This
2.I think I’ll have an apple. Would you like ?
A.it B.one C.these D.those
3.The population of Germany is than of China.
A.less; that B.smaller; that C.smaller; the one
用one或it填空
4.—Excuse me, where is Star Theater?
—Go along this road to the end, and you’ll find on your left.
C
B
B
it
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5.—How is the weather today?
— is hot. You don’t need to wear the coat.
6.—I’m sorry. I lost the pen you lent to me.
—It’s not a big deal. I’ll buy a new .
It
one
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考点5 疑问代词
中考命题中经常把疑问代词和疑问副词混合考查。因此,除了要掌握疑问代词的基本用法外,与其相关的固定句型及疑问副词也不容忽视。
一、常见疑问代词
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单词 含义及用法 例句
who 意为“谁”,对人称代词主格进行提问 Who turned the light off before I finished my work?谁在我做完我的工作前把灯关了?
whom 意为“谁”,对人称代词宾格进行提问 Whom did you go to the concert with? 你和谁去听的音乐会?
what 意为“什么”,对具体内容进行提问 What are your parents? 你的父母是做什么工作的?
which 意为“哪个;哪些”,对指定范围内的“哪个/些”进行提问 Which is more interesting, this book or that one? 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?
whose 意为“谁的”,对物主代词进行提问 Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞?
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二、疑问代词的常用句型
句型 含义及用法 例句
What do you think of...? 意为“你认为……怎么样?”,用于询问对方的看法 What do you think of my new skirt, Mom?妈妈,你觉得我的新裙子怎么样?
What is sb.?=What does sb. do? 意为“某人是做什么的?”,用于询问某人的职业 What is your sister?=What does your sister do?你姐姐/妹妹是做什么的?
What is sb. like? 意为“某人怎么样?”,用于询问某人的性格特征 —What is Tony like?托尼(的性格)怎么样?
—He is warm-hearted. 他是个热心人。
What do/does sb. look like? 意为“某人看起来怎么样?”,用于询问某人的外貌特征 —What does Lucy look like?露西长什么样子?
—She is tall and thin. 她又高又瘦。
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三、常见与疑问代词混合考查的疑问副词
单词 含义及用法 例句
when 意为“什么时候”,提问时间 When will you go to Shanghai?你什么时候去上海?
where 意为“哪里”,提问地点 Where did you meet him?你在哪儿见过他?
why 意为“为什么”,提问原因 Why does your elder brother like dogs? 你的哥哥为什么喜欢狗?
how 意为“怎样”,提问方式、健康状况、程度等 How was your weekend? 你的周末过得怎么样?
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▶ 考点专练
1.“The umbrella is in the corner of the room for weeks. is it?” asked the monitor.
A.Who B.Which C.What D.Whose
2.Do you know at the bus stop?
A.whom they are waiting for B.who they are waiting
C.whom are they waiting for D.who are they waiting for
3.— is going to see a movie with us?
—Nobody.
A.What else B.Who else C.Whom else D.Which else
D
A
B
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用适当的疑问代词或疑问副词填空,每空一词
4.— floor do your grandparents live on?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
5.—Dad, are my shoes?
—They are under your bed.
6.Vincent’s little sister loves milk. That’s you can see it at all her meals.
7.—It rained heavily last night. did you arrive?
—At about 9:00, just before the rain started.
8. I’ve already told him but he is still not clear to do next.
Which
where
why
When
what
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语法填空(阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的代词或括号内代词的正确形式。)
【原创题】This is an old story. 1. was first told long ago. A rich man wanted to make a journey to 2. town. He was a businessman. He wanted to take things to sell. He also wanted to take gold to buy things with. He decided to take ten servants(仆人) with 3. . 4. would carry the things to sell and the gold, and also food to eat on the journey.
It
another
him
They
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He was a kind man. He said to 5. of his servants, “You are the
smallest, the thinnest and the weakest of 6. my servants. You cannot carry
a heavy load(担子). You must choose the lightest load to carry.” The servant thanked
7. master. He pointed to the biggest load. It was bread to eat on the journey.
“8. are foolish,” said his master. “That is the biggest and heaviest
load.” But the servant lifted up the load cheerfully and the journey began. They
walked for four hours. Then they stopped for a rest. They all ate 9. of the
bread. Then there was less bread for the servant to carry. The servant’s load grew
smaller and lighter every day. At the end of the journey, the clever servant had
10. to carry.
one
all
his
You
some
nothing
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