Unit 3 The world of Science Using language 语法 课件-2024-2025学年高一下学期英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

B3U3 The world of science using language（present perfect passive） 现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)是过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。 构成：主语+have/has+done（动词过去分词） 什么是现在完成时？ 主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果且主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……” 构成：主语+have/has+been+done（动词过去分词） 什么是现在完成时的被动语态 0,000 people reading my blog! b I love to photograph the rising sun, … Look at the sentences from the reading passage(P29) and answer the questions. a. I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. b. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Q1. What has happened to “you” in sentence (a)? Someone has asked “you” about the title of your book before. Q2. Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence (b)? People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts. c I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before. d People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts. a. I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. b. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Compare the following sentences and answer the questions. present perfect active form present perfect passive form Group 1 Group 2 Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage? The author chooses to use the passive form instead of the active form to emphasise what has been done, rather than who or what does the action. 以下情况一般使用被动语态 1. _________或者_____________说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Such books have been written for children. （已经为儿童编写这类图书了。） 2. 强调动作的_________，而不强调动作的_________。例如： All these products have been tested. （这些产品都经过测试了。） 不知道 没有必要 承受者 执行者 3. 动作的执行者很_________。例如： The letter has been opened. （这封信被人拆开了。） 模糊 4. 有时为了________的需要，避免说出动作的执行者。例如： He has been told many times not to make noises. （已经有人多次跟他说别那么大声了。） 礼貌 (Para. 3) 2. I guess you _____ _____ _____(ask) about the title of your book before. Examples from the text: (Para. 1 ) 1. This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention ___________just _____ _________(publish). has have been asked been published (Para. 6) 3. In addition, important advances _____ _____ _____ (make) in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. have been made (Para. 8) 4. New inventions like 3D printers _____ _____ ____ (use) to make replacement hearts and bone parts. (Para. 10) 5. I _____also _____ ____(tell) that you’re an inventor yourself. have been used have been told (Para. 14)6. Nothing like this ___ _____ ________ (invent) yet and I’d say we’re a long way from an invention like that at the moment! has been invented 现在完成进行时的被动语态结构 现在完成时的被动语态的基本结构是“主语十have/has been十done”。在不同的句式中,其具体形式也有所不同。 句式 结构 肯定句 主语+have/has been done(十其他) 否定句 主语+have/has not been done(十其他) 一般疑问句 Have/Has十主语+been done(十其他)? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done(十其他)? What are the difference between past simple passive voice and past simple passive voice? 语法 形式 意义 关系 一般过去时被动语态 be done 表示_____意义 现在完成时的被动语态 have/has been done 表示_____意义 表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响。 被动 动作或状态尽管发生在过去，强调说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 被动 ①The bridge ________________(build) last year． 这座桥是去年建成的。 ②The bridge_______________________( build )． 这座桥已经建好了。 (动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，建好了。) was built has been built (只说明动作发生在去年。) Activity 2: Fill in the following blanks and think about the difference. Present perfect passive 现在完成时的被动语态 内容要点 1. 概 念 2. 构 成 3. 用 法 4. 注 意 1.肯定式： have / has + been + done 2.否定式： have / has + not + been + done 构成: Seven books have been written by Rowling. J.K. Rowling has written seven books. Workers have not built the house since years ago. The house has not been built by workers since years ago. Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive. Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting - in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! Many things in our lives have already been affected 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London. But perhaps the most significant success that have been achieved to date is in medicine. Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology. A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 1. The same mistake _______________ (make) many times. 2. The machine has already _________________ (repair). 3. His cup _____________ (break) last night. 4. New inventions like 3D _______________ (use) to make replacement hearts and bone parts.  5. Our classroom __________________ (clean) ,you needn’t clean it now. has been made   been repaired has been used has been cleaned was broken Have you ever heard of Uluru? Actually, it 1. (call)Ayers Rock by some people, too.Located in Australia,Uluru is a large sandstone rock formation,Uluru used to be open to the public. However，it 2. (close)since 26 October 2019.In 1994，Uluru 3. (list) UNESCO World Heritage Site. Besides, Uluru4. (consider)a major attraction for decades and tourists from all over the world 5. (attract)by it.Tt's said that the ban(禁令) 6. (announce)in 2007 for the first time and most visitors observed it. Australia's Tourist association said that the rock 7. (climb) by16 percent of visitors since 2017.A local man named Rameth Thomas explained to the media how important the rock was to the people. “I 8. (tell)that the place is very sacred(神圣的) since Iwas a little boy,Our stories are all on the rock,”said Thomas. has been considered   is called has been closed have been attacted was listed was announced has been climbed have been told 高考链接 5 2025/5/21 16 文本 45% 高考链接 ①In the last few years, many high - speed rail systems ________ (build) in China. 在过去的几年里，中国建造了许多高速铁路系统。 ①have been built 解析：“In the last few years” 是现在完成时的标志词 ，“high - speed rail systems” 和 “build” 是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态 “have been + 过去分词”，主语是复数，所以用have been built。 2025/5/21 17 文本 45% 高考链接 ②Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides. 尽管经过了前几轮谈判，到目前为止双方仍未达成任何协议。 ②has been reached 解析：“so far” 是现在完成时的标志词，“agreement” 和 “reach” 是被动关系，主语 “agreement” 是单数，所以用has been reached。 2025/5/21 18 Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate. 1 2 3 4 5 6 2. The lock on the door has been broken. 1. The window has been broken. 5. My two laptops have been stolen. 6. Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed. 4. The book case has been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere. 3. The robot has been knocked down. 1.They have paid enough attention to the problem. →___________________________________________________ 2.People have cut down a number of big trees along the road to build houses. →_____________________________________________________________________ 将下列句子改为被动句 The problem has been paid enough attention to (by them). A number of big trees along the road have been cut down to build houses. 3.They have spent large quantities of funds in bringing up the three children. →_______________________________________________________________________ 4.They have donated some new teaching equipment to our school since 2017. →_____________________________________________________________ Large quantities of funds have been spent in bringing up the three Some new teaching equipment has been donated to our school since children (by them). 2017 (by them). 5.People have made great advances in technology such as virtual reality. →_____________________________________________________________ Great advances have been made in technology such as virtual reality (by people). Thank You $$