专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（二）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（新高考通用）

专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(二) ( 地 城 高频话题 01 旅游交通 ) Passage 1 （2023-2924学年高一下·安徽宣城·期末）Located in the centre of Amsterdam’s Zuidas business district, a cutting-edge new office building has officially opened. The developer behind it, Dutch firm OVG, liked it so much that they moved in when it was finished. The Edge office building prides itself on good coffee, lots of natural light—no desk is far from a window—and a gym that allows you not just to get fit but also to contribute to the energy supply of the office. It also flushes its toilets with rainwater, has a robot security guard that will protect you if you wander around at night and a whole range of clever technologies to make the building sustainable. Workers can control the temperature, lighting and curtains via a series of apps on their smart phones and work is ongoing to unify them. Users select the temperature they want from a sliding gauge on their phones. Workers can also use one of the apps to book meeting rooms, open lockers and check in to their desks. Each floor of the office is laid out exactly the same, making it the perfect hot-desking environment. It should in theory mean the firm can allocate desks—if people used the app. But actually it is not the case. People want to go to the same place every day and sit with their peers. Neither is the app-based system to book meeting rooms running entirely smoothly. Many people don’t use it effectively. However, there is no doubting The Edge’s green qualifications, The building is doing its bit to encourage its workers to go greener, There is a huge space for bikes and a whole wall dedicated to electric car charging points in the underground car park. Both Deloitte, the building’s main renter, and OVG, the developer, are open about the fact that The Edge is an experimental project and that not everything has worked. One of its biggest challenges is making sense of the mountains of data generated by the sensors. 1．Which of the following is The Edge office building proud of? A．A dutiful guard. B．A special gym. C．Modern desks. D．Developer OVG. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The great convenience of smartphones. B．The efficiency of workers’ jobs. C．The application of intelligent technology. D．The importance of saving energy. 3．What is people’s attitude toward the hot-desking environment? A．Dissatisfied. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 4．For The Edge office building, what might the author continue talking about? A．Its appeal. B．Its style. C．Its profits. D．Its problems. Passage 2 （2023-2924学年高一下·山东威海·期末） Every year, travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 5．Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A．A wonderland for tiny plants. B．A unique place for rare species. C．A top destination for hiking lovers. D．A remote land with different landscapes. 6．What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A．Curiosity and creativity. B．Quickness and confidence. C．Calmness and attentiveness. D．Determination and courage. 7．Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable”? A．Sensitive. B．Adaptable. C．Beneficial. D．Resistant. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego B．An Encounter with Old Man’s Beard C．A Tiny Forest on the Tip of the World D．Start Your Journey of Discovery, Now! Passage 3 （2023-2924学年高一下·浙江台州·期末）Anthropologist Daniel Miller has observed that an alien (外星人) visiting Earth might suppose that four-wheeled creatures rule the planet. These rulers, he points out, are “served by a host of slaves who walk on legs and spend their whole lives serving them.” He meant this as a joke, but it mirrors American car culture to some extent. In the US, the costs of car dependency keep growing, far above the $12, 000-per-year average expense of owning a new one. Coast-to-coast, the cars we drive cause about 16% of greenhouse gas emissions. They cause significant air pollution, which worsens heart disease rates. Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44. Since 2010 the number of pedestrians (行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year. American car culture is a choice that now comes at too high a cost, both for ourselves and for the environment. After a century of its central place in our lives, we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars. Solutions are obvious and right in front of us. Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority (优先权) as roads in our cities, instead of being afterthoughts. Unreasonable demands by the Government that the public get back behind the wheel to offices need to stop. We can even provide discounts to bicyclists who take the train or subway. Another reality is that car parking is too cheap across much of the country, where different parking prices can change our plans from hopping in the car during rush hours to taking the subway instead. We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide. Otherwise, those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who, the cars or the people. 9．Why are aliens and slaves mentioned at the beginning? A．To compare aliens to slaves. B．To amuse readers with a joke. C．To warn readers of the coming danger. D．To illustrate humans’ dependence on cars. 10．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The great popularity of cars. B．The negative impact of cars. C．The environmental damage by cars. D．The high cost of owning cars. 11．Which measure might be taken according to the author? A．Promote walking and bicycling. B．Demand the public drive to work. C．Offer free train rides to bicyclists. D．Reduce parking fees in rush hours. 12．What is the text aimed at? A．Introducing American car culture. B．Recommending a replacement for cars. C．Encouraging a less car-dependent lifestyle. D．Explaining the phenomenon of car dependency. Passage 4 （2023-2924学年高一下·安徽亳州·期末）On November 8, a huge new airship called Pathfinder 1 made its first test flight in California. At 121.9 meters long, it’s far longer than a football field. It’s the largest airship of its kind since the 1930s. But Pathfinder 1 is built using a lot of new ideas, and new materials. Airships were especially popular in the early 1900s. They were used for transport, for spying (侦探), and were even used in war. But most of that ended in 1937, after an airship called the Hindenburg caught fire and burned as it was landing. The Hindenburg disaster scared people away from airships. From then on, most air travel focused on airplanes. Now, some people hope to change that and they believe airships can be used to move people and materials quickly, and most importantly, without pollution. The builders have been working on Pathfinder 1 for about 10 years. From the outside, Pathfinder 1 looks similar to the airships of the 1930s. But Pathfinder 1 is completely new. The ship gets its lift from helium-a lighter-than-air gas that won’t catch fire easily. Hydrogen gas, which does burn, was responsible for the Hindenburg disaster. Pathfinder 1 has 12 electric engines, which can be powered by either batteries or generators (发电机). The engines make it possible for the airship to take off and land without a runway. Pathfinder 1 can fly at a speed of up to 120 kph. But it will be flying much more slowly during its early test flights. The first 50 flights are limited to 457 meters high. Pathfinder 1 can carry about 4 tons of people and things. In time, builders hope to show that airships can provide a low-pollution way to move loads over long distances. They are also interested in using airships to help people out in emergency situations, such as after an earthquake or a hurricane, when roads are closed and there’s no place for planes to land. 13．What put a stop to the development of airships? A．They were of limited practical use. B．Proper materials for them were in short supply. C．A serious airship accident brought along fear. D．Other types of transport developed rather quickly. 14．Why does Pathfinder 1 use helium instead of hydrogen gas? A．Helium is cheaper than hydrogen gas. B．Helium is lighter than hydrogen gas. C．Helium is hard to burn. D．Helium is easy to get. 15．What can we learn about Pathfinder 1 from paragraph 4? A．How much it costs. B．How it works. C．Its developing process. D．Its unique appearance. 16．What is the main purpose of the Pathfinder 1 project? A．To develop the world’s fastest transport. B．To test the safety of airship travel. C．To recreate the popularity of airship travel in the 1930s. D．To provide a green means of long-distance transport. Passage 5 （2023-2924学年高一下·湖北·期末）When you think of the most innovative (创新的) organisations, chances are that your mind will immediately go to Apple, Google, or perhaps OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT that is leading the AI revolution. But there is one other organisation doing exceptional work: Transport for London (TfL), a tube constantly testing out new technologies for London's transportation experience. Willesden Green, a suburban station in North West London was just transformed into a“smart”station. What TfL did was take the CCTV (闭路电视) cameras and plug them into an AI image recognition system — which turned what previously had been ordinary video recordings into intelligent cameras, capable of identifying what was happening inside the station. TfL is at the cutting edge and significantly eased the workload of Tube staff. For example, the system detected fallen passengers, warning staff via iPads to assist them. It also spotted people standing too close to the platform edge, reminding staff of potential danger. For irresponsible behavior, staff could make announcements. The cameras also identified wheelchair users and those waiting too long, allowing staff to offer assistance. TfL's forward-thinking approach in embracing technology is praiseworthy, improving public safety and providing a more smooth travel experience in London. The highlight of this system is its ability to detect unwanted behavior. The AI cameras are designed to identify potential threats like knives, guns, and ticket barrier violators(违反者). However, I'm particularly impressed with how it recognizes “aggressive behavior”. This is hard to do, because describing to a computer what that looks like is tricky. Instead, TfL programmed the system to warn staff if anyone in the station raises both of their arms at the same time, as this is a gesture often connected with threatening behavior. However, it isn't without controversy (争议) — it does cause uncomfortableness from a civil liberties. The problem with AI identifying images means that it could just as easily spot flags or political symbols, for example. And you can imagine how it could be used to closely monitor staff in an unpleasant way. 17．Why are Apple, Google, and OpenAI mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To compare their strengths. B．To stress the tube's innovation. C．To show the popularity of the tube. D．To share the travel experience. 18．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How popular AI is becoming in Tfl. B．What AI does to detect passengers in Tfl. C．How AI reduces work burden in Tfl. D．Why AI is influencing TIL so much. 19．What does the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Challenging. B．Easy. C．Unachievable. D．Perfect. 20．What is the best title of the passage? A．Is it worthy to apply AI to TfL? B．AI does more good than harm. C．TIL is becoming safer and safer. D．TЛL is smarter with AI. Passage 6 （2023-2924学年高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven driverless car s will soon be filling roads near you. Tech companies around the world have been designing and testing driverless vehicles and the technology is available already. So, how do they work? The cars are covered in sensors that can detect other cars and obstacles on the road. Sensors on the wheels also help when parking. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems are used. Finally, a central computer system takes in all the information and processes this to work out when to accelerate, brake and steer. All you have to do is type in the destination. Sounds like your idea of heaven? Siting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film while “driving” will all be possible with this new technology. In addition, computers are generally more efficient drivers than humans, meaning emissions can be reduced. They also drive more safely than people—they don’t get distracted by music or friends, they obey the speed limit and they have quicker reaction times in case of an emergency. However, there are still many drawbacks of driverless cars. Computers will have difficulties making ethical(道德上的) decisions. If a child ran out into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn aside sharply and potentially hurt the car’s passengers instead? Moreover, I personally find driving fun. I’d miss never being behind the wheel myself. There would also be legal questions. Should children or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Or would there need to be a responsible adult with a driving licence in the car at all times? Although being driven around by a machine would perhaps mean that no one needs a driving license, many people would be put out of a job by the population of driverless cars. Bus, taxi and train drivers would be made redundant. I’m not convinced I’d want a driverless car, let it’s only a matter of time before they’ll become more affordable and commonplace on our roads. 21．What do you need to do when using a driverless car? A．Control the sensors. B．Read the road signs carefully. C．Put the address into the computer. D．Check the satellite navigation systems. 22．How does the author analyze the shortcomings of driverless cars? A．By making a comparison. B．By raising some questions. C．By sharing personal experiences. D．By analyzing their harmful effects. 23．What is the underlined word “redundant” closest in meaning to? A．Replaceable. B．Crucial. C．Distinctive. D．Unwanted. 24．What does the author think of future driverless cars? A．They will be less expensive. B．They will consume less energy. C．They will do more harm than good. D．They will be more strictly controlled. ( 地 城 高频话题 02 社会问题和社会现象 ) Passage 1 （2023-2924学年高一下·广东深圳·期末）Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each. When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet. Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors. “There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn. Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings. 1．What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin? A．To highlight waste collectors’ role. B．To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship. C．To praise her devotion to her daughter. D．To show the seriousness of unemployment. 2．How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work? A．By contrasting. B．By citing reference. C．By giving definitions. D．By cause-effect analysis. 3．What would Marin agree with? A．Business is business. B．No job is noble or humble. C．The early bird catches worms. D．One good turn deserves another. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Legal Battles Over Public Garbage Ownership B．The History of Recycling Laws in the United States C．The Rise of Corporate Recycling Programs in New York D．The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers Passage 2 （2023-2924学年高一下·广东佛山·期末）Can talking to other people online help socially isolated (孤立的) older adults in any way? A new research is seeking evidence to prove the benefits of online social communications. Lead author Hiroko Dodge started the study about ten years ago, recognizing the harmful effects of social isolation. The experiment, known as I-CONNECT, involved 186 participants aged 75 years and older. The experiment used the Internet to allow for conversational communications between the participants and trained interviewers. To make the experience more interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and pictures. The experiment lasted a year, with 30-minute conversations held four times a week for the first six months and then twice a week for an additional six months. At the end of the first six-month period, the participants showed higher cognitive (认知的) test scores compared to another group who did not take part in such conversations. And, at the end of the second six-month period, the participants had test scores indicating better memory-related brain function and improved emotional well-being. Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge. “Our next goal is to extend these activities to reach more isolated people in need, as well as to study how social communications impact our brain functions,” said Dodge. “Providing frequent stimulating (有促进作用的) conversational communications through the Internet could be an effective home-based strategy against social isolation and cognitive problem.” Human contacts are important for our emotional well-being. The team is currently researching into chatbots (聊天机器人) as they are aware that chatbots might work as effectively as humans for cognitive stimulations. 5．How did researchers make the conversational communications more engaging? A．By using trained interviewers. B．By limiting the length of talks. C．By increasing the frequency of talks. D．By arranging unfixed talking partners. 6．What are the findings of the experiment? A．Socially isolated people tend to talk online. B．Online chatting improves cognitive function. C．High cognitive ability ensures positive emotions. D．Wide-ranging topics benefit the elderly’s memory. 7．What is one goal of the I-CONNECT Foundation? A．Increase the sales of chatbots. B．Organize face-to-face activities. C．Struggle against social isolation. D．Study new ways of communication. 8．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To present findings of Dodge’s team. B．To improve the latest technology. C．To introduce a non-profit organization. D．To draw attention to a social problem. Passage 3 （2023-2924学年高一下·广东·期末）According to a 2018 report, people-aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways. In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion. More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is interesting. Since many people feel intimidated to talk about arts and think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent (永久的) collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art — and writing and talking about art — is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part. 9．What challenge is the author trying to deal with? A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks. B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. C．Art appears too distant from common audience. D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art 10．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Tired. B．Afraid. C．Annoyed. D．Surprised. 11．Why does the author mention the Getty challenge? A．To stress the need for a basic level understanding of art. B．To criticize traditional institutions’ lack of diversity. C．To argue that history is not about storytelling. D．To show an effort to engage a wider audience with art. 12．What can be concluded about common audience in the article? A．They lack the channels to understand and talk about art history. B．They prefer to view artworks and hear art stories on social media. C．They feel satisfied with people and interests represented on board. D．They refuse to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. Passage 4 （2023-2924学年高一下·河北邢台·期末）A family sit around their dining room table on an average evening, sharing a meal together. Yet the children in the family are not sharing time with each other, but spending it on their devices (设备). Many teenagers’ lives are being damaged due to social media use which should be banned for minors (未成年人) as it is addictive, reduces real-life interactions, and causes poor mental health. Admittedly, social media leads to addiction. In the beginning, social media platforms had one purpose — connecting people. Yet, these platforms have different intentions now, like advertisements. The users are no longer the customers but the advertisers. To make more money from their advertisers, social media is designed to be addictive to keep the consumers using the sites as long as possible. These sites stimulate (刺激) the brain to release dopamine, rewarding the behaviour and making users want to continue the habit. Teenagers often use social media to spend their spare time. However, after some time, they begin using it when they should not. The more they use it, the more they want to use it again. Teenagers may use it to make friends, but this makes them feel even more isolated. Social media is decreasing the attention span of teens, making it harder for them to complete everyday tasks. Many minors’ real-life interactions are weakened due to the use of social media. Teenagers are reported to use texting more than any other form of communication. This is a concern because texting does not include much nonverbal communication, making it harder for those using social media to read emotional cues (暗示) associated with personal, social and academic success. Teens who understand emotional cues can have better peer relationships. As a result, many teenagers who spend too much time on social media have difficulty communicating in person because they have trouble understanding others’ emotions. 13．Why are the children mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To give a reason. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer an explanation. D．To describe the background. 14．What does the underlined phrase “the behavior” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Using social media. B．Connecting people. C．Making more money. D．Stimulating the brain. 15．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Social media helps make teenagers more focused. B．Teenagers use social media mainly to make friends. C．Social media harms teenagers’ real-world social skills. D．Teenagers using social media have trouble in texting. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．The functions of social media. B．The main problem of social media. C．The ways to avoid using social media. D．The bad impact of social media on teenagers. Passage 5 （2023-2924学年高一下·河北张家口·期末）In the digital age, screen use has become an unavoidable part of family life. A recent study explored the links between parenting strategies and screen use among young teenagers. The study looked at data from more than 10,000 12- and 13-year-olds and their parents, who were asked about their screen-use habits, including texting, social media, video chatting, watching videos and browsing the Internet. The researchers also asked whether their screen use was problematic—for example, whether kids wanted to quit using screens but felt they couldn’t or whether their screen habits affected school work or daily life. One key finding is that one of the biggest predictors of how much time kids spend on screens—and whether that use is problematic—is how much parents themselves use their screens when they are around their kids. “It’s really important to role-model screen behaviors for your children,” says Jason Nagata, lead author of the study, which appears in the journal Pediatric Research. “Even if teens say that they don’t get influenced by their parents, the data does show that, actually, parents are a bigger influence than they may think.” It’s very common for parents like myself to feel guilty about their own screen use, says Jenny Radesky, a developmental behavioral pediatrician and media researcher at the University of Michigan. But instead of beating ourselves up about it, she says, it’s important for parents to realize that just like kids, we too are vulnerable (易受伤害的) to the draws of technology that is deliberately designed to keep us using screens. “We have been asked to parent around an increasingly complex digital ecosystem that’s actively working against our limit-setting”—for ourselves and our kids, she says. But even if parents are fighting against bigger forces designed to keep us glued to screens, that doesn’t mean we are completely helpless. Nagata’s research looked at parenting strategies that worked best to limit screen use specifically among early teenagers because, he notes, this is a time when kids are seeking more independence and because we tend to see kids spending a lot more time on media once they hit their teenage years. 17．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The study results. B．The study process. C．The study purpose. D．The previous study. 18．What can we learn from Radesky’s words? A．Teenagers are heavily influenced by screens. B．Parents should feel guilty about their screen use. C．Technology can be addictive for both kids and parents. D．Parents are helpless against the influence of technology. 19．What does the underlined word “deliberately” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Intentionally. B．Occasionally. C．Traditionally. D．Additionally. 20．What may be talked about in the paragraph following the text? A．The digital challenges parents are faced with. B．The strategies for parents to limit screen time. C．The negative effects of screen time on teenagers. D．The benefits of screen time for good parenting. Passage 6 （2023-2924学年高一下·河北保定·期末）Kids are even more in the bag of social media companies than we think. Many of them have given away their online autonomy fully to their phones. For them, the only acceptable online environment is one designed by big tech algorithms (算法). As children’s free time and imaginations become more and more tightly joined to the social media, we need to understand that uncontrolled access to the Internet comes at a cost. This spring, I visited with a group of high school students in Connecticut to have a conversation about the role that social media plays in their daily lives and in their mental health. More children today report feeling depressed, lonely, and disconnected than ever before. There are countless problems with children and teenagers using social media. But the high schoolers with whom I met alerted me to a hidden result of teenagers’ growing addiction to social media: the death of exploration and discovery. Algorithmic recommendations now do the work of discovering and pursuing interests, finding community, and learning about the world. Kids today are, simply put, not learning how to be curious, critical adults—and they don’t seem to know what they’ve lost. We all know the journeys in life matter just as much as the destinations. It is the sweat to get the outcome that makes the outcome more fulfilling and satisfying. What the kids I spoke to did not know is that these algorithms have been designed in a way that unavoidably makes and keeps users unhappy. Social media companies know that content that generates negative feelings holds our attention longer than that which makes us feel good. If you are a teenager feeling bad about yourself, your social media feed will keep delivering you videos and pictures that are likely to produce negative feelings. We should take some measures. Teenagers and kids are to be inspired to determine if we will really be happier as a species when machines and algorithms do all the work for us, or if fulfillment only comes when humans actually do the work, searching and discovering, of being human. 21．We can learn from paragraph 1 that social media companies ______. A．earn a lot of money from kids B．have a great impact on kids C．make kids give away their phones D．provide necessary services to kids 22．According to the author, what is the result of children’s addiction to social media? A．They become more dependent on their phones. B．They feel less depressed and lonely than ever before. C．They are unable to find community and learn about the world. D．They gradually lose the ability to be curious and critical. 23．Why do social media companies prefer content that generates negative feelings? A．It helps them gain more attention from users. B．It makes users feel more satisfied with their products. C．It encourages users to explore and discover new things. D．It promotes the development of artificial intelligence. 24．What should be done to change the current situation? A．Limit the use of social media for children and teenagers. B．Inspire children to complete the work without the help of algorithms. C．Encourage teenagers and children to explore and discover the contentment of life. D．Redesign social media algorithms to make users happier and more fulfilled. Passage 7 （2023-2924学年高一下·江苏常州·期末）My childhood memory is closely connected with hunger. Unable to provide enough food to feed its ever-increasing population, the People’s Republic had to adopt a food ration (定量) system to ensure equal supply of food for three decades—the ration for an adult in an urban area was 15 kilograms of wheat, rice, com or sorghum per month. Many young people today might not understand why I’m talking about hunger when an adult’s monthly quota for food grains was 15kg, especially because half of that would perhaps be enough for them for a month. But that’s all an adult could consume up to the 1970s, because cooking oil, meat, eggs and sugar were strictly controlled. Although the ration system ensured everybody had a share of the available food and prevented starvation deaths, it led to malnutrition (营养不良) among people of every age. On launching reform and opening-up. China realized a major reason for food shortage was farmers not getting their rightful due under the system then. So the government distributed the collectively-owned farmlands to households and farmers. Within years, the farm yield almost doubled, helping China to abandon the food rationing system in 1993. Now, enough food supply and much money have changed Chinese people’s dietary habits. Many youths refuse to learn cooking, arguing that they can source their meals from restaurants or take-out outlets. As a result, one can see thousands of electric bike riders zigzagging the streets to deliver breakfast, lunch or dinner. Paradoxically, Chinn is now battling over-nutrition. One would be lucky to not find a few overweight boys and girls in a class. When I meet with my former classmates, many of whom are overweight or suffering from over-nutrition-related illnesses, we sometimes talk about the “good old food ration days” when almost no one needed to worry about controlling weight. 25．What is the main purpose of China’s adopting a food ration system? A．To feed enough food to people. B．To ensure less waste of food. C．To avoid increase of population. D．To fight against food shortage. 26．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Lacking other nutrition made 15kg food grains not enough for an adult. B．Young people today consume less food grains to avoid overweight problem. C．People in poverty had no access to oil, meat, eggs and sugar in the 1970s. D．The farm yield almost doubled with the development of faring technology. 27．What does the underlined word “Paradoxically” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Consequently. B．Unexpectedly. C．Similarly. D．Reasonably. 28．Why does the author write the article? A．To suggest our country adopting food ration again. B．To advise people to have enough food. C．To record the change in the development of society. D．To introduce a healthy lifestyle to young people. Passage 8 （2023-2924学年高一下·江苏徐州·期末）The UK is now the most overweight nation in Europe and the evidence is all around us. As a doctor, I see it daily in practice, dealing with its complications (并发症) ranging from diabetes and high blood pressure to heart disease and cancer. So what are we doing about it? Not enough is the honest answer. First, weight management services, such as mental health guidance, surgery and slimming drugs remain very limited. Also, measures taken in consulting rooms are too often centered around scaring people into action: if you don’t lose weight you will have a heart attack or develop diabetes. Scaring the individual is neither helpful nor effective. Becoming more active is beneficial for many reasons, but exercise alone is not a great way to lose weight, not least because you have to run for at least an hour to burn off a beef pie. Drugs and surgery also have their place but are not required for most overweight people. So I prefer to combine proper exercise with a diet for the best result. But which diet? Often I recommend the low-carb approach, which involves cutting back on sugary drinks and foods, and starches (淀粉) such as rice and bread. I don’t believe there is anything magical about the approach but it has a number of benefits: it seems easier to follow than many other approaches, and it helps lower blood sugar levels for the ten million or so people in the UK who already have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it. Solving the obesity (肥胖) problem involves not only supporting and encouraging the individual, but also changing public health and government policy. Efforts are being made and change is already under way. 29．How does the author illustrate his opinion in paragraph 2? A．By explanation. B．By example. C．By comparison. D．By assumption. 30．What are the benefits of the low-carb approach? A．It helps to reduce body weight quickly. B．It saves patients from drugs and surgery. C．It’s effective and promotes food industry. D．It’s easy to stick to and lowers blood sugar. 31．The main purpose of the passage is A．to provide practical suggestions B．to criticize traditional approaches C．to present the findings of a research D．to analyse the causes of a problem 32．What is the author’s attitude to the future of solving the obesity problem? A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Uncaring. D．Uncertain. Passage 9 （2023-2924学年高一下·江苏南京·期末）As this year’s graduates prepare to step into the workplace, many are either anxious or scared about the impact of artificial intelligence — particularly large language models such as ChatGPT — on their careers. According to a vote by the BestColleges website, six in ten US college students worry that the use of AI in their studies is lowering the value of earning a degree. Even worse, more than half expect that increasing use of AI in the workplace will further devalue the worth of their studies to potential employers. Fears are very common that women, who are not enough in computing and science degrees, will be kept out of the job market. Right now, company technology departments are mostly male. But the impact of AI on employability may be quite different outside of computer programming, some employers say. The rise of AI is already creating new opportunities for students who have studied liberal subjects (文科). This is particularly true for writing-intensive subjects, such as English and history, that draw more female students than technology and require students to pull together diverse sources of information. That is because the companies that are starting to use AI to deal with customers are hiring writers to produce scripts for chatbots to use. Once graduated, both genders also worry that AI could reshape the job market for entry level work. Early experiments in the economic and professional services industries do suggest that AI tools will change the way marketing, investment banking and legal documents are created. Those changes could free junior employees from boring work. But the more work that is turned over to AI, the fewer jobs will be needed. And most of these jobs now use an apprenticeship (学徒) way, where doing the simple work gives young employees a good place for more important work. Some also worry that the focus on tech will hit workplace diversity efforts. “It is automation at a completely different level, which is why I’m concerned about women. My biggest fear is that women will fall behind again,” says Roya Rahmani, chair of Delphos International, which provides investment markets advisory services. 33．What can we know from the first three paragraphs? A．It may be harder for graduates to find a job. B．It is certain that more women will lose jobs. C．The use of AI makes a degree more valuable. D．The impact of AI gives the graduates more hope. 34．Why do liberal arts students have new opportunities? A．The companies need to deal with customers. B．They are good at gathering diverse information. C．They may have an advantage of writing scripts. D．The subjects they learn are all writing-intensive. 35．What is the concern about the job market for entry level work? A．AI will make the job market more diverse. B．AI will transform the way some work is done. C．AI will make the boring work more interesting. D．AI will give more opportunities to junior employees. 36．What does Roya Rahmani worry about? A．The decrease of workplace diversity. B．The influence of AI on women’s careers. C．The lack of apprenticeship chances for women. D．The application of AI in the investment markets. Passage 10 （2023-2924学年高一下·江苏苏州·期末）Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal to calculating (计算) your household bills. Some people love the challenge of working out maths problems, but many fear the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry. It can seem discouraging, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got tense and nervous doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they worried maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is significant, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love teaching maths, to teach younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear why maths gives rise to so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer might make you more worried about underperforming.” And once we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists (心理学家) have been trying to work out why mental calculation can bring us out in a sweat. That fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears clearly can loosen their hold on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). We need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. 41．Regarding “maths anxiety” in paragraph 1, the author thinks ______. A．it is unique B．it is formal C．it is common D．it is necessary 42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Girls are better at maths than boys. B．Maths classes are difficult for all students. C．Students’ anxiety results entirely from teachers. D．Confidence in maths needs developing in childhood. 43．What will be a potential result if one thinks he is not a ‘maths person’? A．He will rise to challenges. B．He will learn maths harder. C．He will be doubtful about his ability. D．He will not see maths as a threat. 44．What are children advised to do according to the last paragraph? A．Track sources of maths fear regularly. B．Speak fears out for improvement bravely. C．Explore causes of failure in maths carefully. D．Quit challenges to avoid anxiety actively. Passage 11 （2023-2924学年高一下·浙江宁波·期末）Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 45．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 46．What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 47．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 48．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. ( 地 城 高频话题 03 环境保护 ) Passage 1 （2023-2924学年高一下·广东潮州·期末）European rabbits might not be much to look at. They have a grayish-brown coat, small ears, and short legs. But these animals are not as ordinary as they seem. European rabbits live in grass habitats. They are somewhat picky eaters. They dig and disturb the ground while they look for food. “Their activities can create areas of bare soil which plants require,” rabbit expert Diana Bell says. Rabbits also contribute nutrients to the soil after they leave their waste there. Researchers have found that this activity benefits lowland grassland habitats, which can help maintain beneficial conditions for many plants, insects, and bird species. Without the help of rabbits, many of these species would have to leave the area or might even die out. But due to threats such as disease, habitat loss, and hunting, the animals are classified as endangered in their native region, the Iberian Peninsula. One disease called myxomatosis (兔瘟) is an insect-spread virus from South America that was on purpose introduced by a farmer in the mid-1950s to control the rabbit population. About 90% of European rabbits died during early outbreaks and the disease continues to affect rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula. To help rabbit populations recover, Bell has suggestions in the habitat recovery project. She is encouraging people to do their part to help protect the rabbits. For instance, people can just create piles of branches and make sloping mounds (斜堆) of soil in their spare time and then the rabbits can find cover. Actions like these won’t take people much energy or time, and over the past three years, researchers have found they are working. “Our work resulted in evidence of rabbit activity in significantly higher numbers,” Bell says. Environmentalists have used other methods to help protect decreasing rabbit populations such as creating wildlife corridors, which are unbroken animal habitats that function like animal high-ways. “Efforts to reintroduce them on the Iberian Peninsula have been largely unsuccessful but we’ve managed to do this in the U. K.” Bell says. 1．What do we know about European rabbits? A．Their appearance makes them unappreciated. B．They play a role in the grassland ecosystem. C．Their digging does harm to the local environment. D．They prefer to cooperate with other species to avoid danger. 2．What can be concluded from the example mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Inappropriate human activity may bring crisis to animals. B．It is unwise to use viruses to control rabbit populations. C．Wild animals adapt themselves slowly to foreign environments. D．People should create more bare soil for European rabbits. 3．Which of the following can best describe Bell’s suggestions on protecting rabbits? A．Useful but expensive. B．Traditional and acceptable. C．Creative but unpopular. D．Simple and effective. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in the text? A．Ways to create a balanced ecosystem. B．Efforts to recover the population of European rabbits. C．Measures to control the spread of European rabbits. D．Reasons why European rabbits like digging. Passage 2 （2023-2924学年高一下·广东揭阳·期末）Every year millions of electronics and electrical appliances (家用电器) are thrown away. This e-waste includes cellphones, computers, appliances and medical equipment. If not properly dealt with, e-waste can release (释放) up to 100 different chemicals into the environment. However, less than one quarter of the waste is reused. Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order. About 80 percent of broken electronics are repairable. If anything isn’t done to encourage repairs, e-waste will grow to about 74 million tons by 2030. Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”. Two of the factories opened in Camden and Brent in the spring of 2023. The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. “Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago, and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs, community centers, festivals, universities and other places,” said Fiona Dear, the charity’s co-director. “We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of -order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.” But the factories may not be enough, according to Dermot, project manager for the Camden branch, who has been repairing things in his whole life. “There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made,” he said. Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary. This change will make the world a greener and safer place. 5．What does the author say about e-waste? A．It is very easy to reuse. B．It is kept under control. C．It grows faster than expected. D．It does not get much attention. 6．What might be the goal of the fixing factories? A．To hold repair parties for people to have a good time. B．To make people take their broken electronics for repairs. C．To encourage people to reduce the use of electronics. D．To produce electronics that can be used for much longer. 7．How does Restart Project work according to the text? A．It offers help and support to factories. B．It holds fixing parties in various places. C．It cooperates with different organizations. D．It instructs people to use electronics wisely. 8．What is a good way to reduce e-waste according to Dermot? A．Producing enough high-quality electronics. B．Improving people’s ability to repair electronics. C．Designing electronics better to make them repairable. D．Building more factories to produce better electronics. Passage 3 （2023-2924学年高一下·广东东莞·期末）On 22 April, people across the planet celebrate Earth Day. This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations. There are lots of different events taking place all across the world. Earth Day began in 1970 and since then it has grown strikingly. Although it lasts only one day, many events or activities happen over a week or even a month. The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet. The topic of this year’s Earth Day is Planet vs. Plastics, and the aim is to focus on the harm that plastics cause to the environment, because it takes hundreds of years to break down for plastics. The Earth Day movement is demanding a 60% reduction in the amount of plastics that humans use by 2040. This includes ending the production of single-use plastics completely by 2030. The movement also wants governments to help end fast fashion, which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies. Many of these items, which often end up in rubbish sites, contain plastics. Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events. Students from primary schools, for example, will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods. Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment. The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world, and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events. If you want to be part of it, search for “Earth Day Creative Events”. 9．Why do people celebrate Earth Day each year? A．To promote cultural events. B．To recognize the earth’s beauty. C．To make it known by more people. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 10．What do we know about Earth Day? A．It lasts about a week. B．It calls for continuous efforts. C．It becomes an official holiday. D．It encourages personal growth. 11．What does the underlined phrase “fast fashion” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Items that are of high quality. B．Items that are made of plastics. C．Pretty clothes that are fashionable. D．Low-cost clothing produced rapidly. 12．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A．Libraries are offering creative lectures. B．Schools are praising students’ performances. C．People around the world are protecting Earth. D．People are raising funds for various activities. Passage 4 （2023-2924学年高一下·河北·期末）Climate change is a big problem for corals (珊瑚虫). I dive to find out. By keeping track of corals in French Polynesia, I hope to determine how much stress they’re under. Coral reefs are like underwater cities made up of tiny animals called corals. They are in symbiosis with tiny plants called algae (海藻). The algae make food for the corals using sunlight. This is called photosynthesis (光合作用). In return, corals produce carbon dioxide and waste, which can be used by the algae as raw materials for photosynthesis. In French Polynesia, there’s a place called Moorea where scientists study corals. My colleagues and I use special floating platforms to look at the corals from different angles. This helps us find problems, like when other plants try to take over. Two types of coral, Acropora pulchra and Acropora cytherea, are being studied. The pulchra stays its usual dark yellow color, but the cytherea, which is usually light brown or purple, has turned white. This white color is not good. It happens when the water gets too warm for too long. The corals get stressed and push out the algae. Without the algae, the corals can’t get food and they turn white, which can lead to them dying. When my colleagues and I go diving, we use a plastic sheet to help us look at the corals and write down what we see. We check the water temperature, the color of the corals, and if we see any signs of the corals being in trouble. Some corals seem to be stronger and can handle warmer water better than others. We want to find out why this is, so we can help protect corals. But the best way to help corals is to stop pollution and global warming, which are making the oceans too warm for them. 13．Why does the author keep track of corals? A．He loves sea animals. B．He is crazy about corals. C．He wants to study the survival condition of corals. D．He wants to be free of stress. 14．What does the underlined word “symbiosis” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Competition for resources. B．Living together in harmony. C．In support of the development. D．Improvement without providing benefit. 15．What will happen when the water temperature rises above normal? A．The corals will lose the source of food. B．The coral will stay its purple color. C．Two kinds of coral will turn white. D．Some corals will become stronger. 16．What is the key to protecting corals in the author’s opinion? A．Protecting more sea plants. B．Putting more effort into coral research. C．Reducing pollution and stop global warming. D．Figuring out the relationship between corals and algae. Passage 5 （2023-2924学年高一下·河北·期末）After Miles Fetherston-Resch learned that sharks were in trouble, he was confused by how people treated the oceans and the creatures that lived in them. “I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). He would sell things like hats, T-shirts and water bottles made out of recycled materials for a good cause. Before he turned 18, he wanted to raise $1million for ocean conservation organizations. Miles, now 12, is in the business of saving oceans. Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D．C． and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. Madeline Stoddard, Miles’ teacher, said other students in her classroom were inspired by Miles. “It shows that it doesn’t matter how young you are. Everyone can do something to create change,” Madeline said. Miles lives in Florida now. He has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” 17．Why was the Kids Saving Oceans established? A．To save animals. B．To make big money. C．To protect the oceans. D．To influence the adults. 18．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Olivia was too busy to help her dad. B．Miles and Olivia have the same goal. C．The book is about recycled materials. D．Olivia failed to save the oceans at first. 19．Which of the following can best describe Miles? A．Confident and active. B．Friendly and graceful. C．Inspiring and curious. D．Patient and successful. 20．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing risked, nothing gained. Passage 6 （2023-2924学年高一下·河北张家口·期末）Thousands of Americans take part in the National River Cleanup Day every year, organized by the nonprofit American Rivers since 1991. The event brings communities together to become responsible protectors of local waterways. However, the day-to-day work is largely done by full-time guardians like “riverkeepers” “baykeepers” or “waterkeepers”. Fifty years ago, many U. S. waterways were even worse than they are today. Rivers were often dammed or changed, and pollution was poisoning water ecosystems. River fires had become surprisingly common, with Ohio’s Cuyahoga River experiencing its tenth fire in 100 years in 1969. New York’s Hudson River was also full of industrial waste and waste water by the mid-1960s. This inspired various citizen-led actions, including supportive groups like Hudson River Sloop Clearwater, founded by folk singer Pete Seeger in 1966. The effects on fish angered local fishermen, who used a 1888 federal (联邦的) law to take on polluters directly in 1966. This led to the formation of the Hudson River Fishermen’s Association, renamed Riverkeeper in 1986. Other protection groups around the country soon borrowed its name and strategies. In 1999, the Waterkeeper Alliance (联盟) was founded to unite and support all the “keeper” groups in the U. S. and abroad. Today, the alliance includes more than 350 organizations and branches around the world, protecting over 2.75 million square miles of waterways on six continents. Riverkeeper found early success with two federal laws: the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1888 and the Refuse Act of 1899. These laws banned pollution of U. S. waters and offered awards for reporting law-breaking behaviors. Riverkeepers now work to protect rivers by monitoring waterways and finding sources of pollution. They have various methods for doing so, including going on boats to check, testing water quality at different sites and looking into who might be causing pollution. They investigate potential (潜在的) polluters and determine whether legal action is necessary. Riverkeepers make sure waterways are clean and safe for animals and people living there. 21．What is the main purpose of the National River Cleanup Day? A．To fund waterway protection projects. B．To promote American folk river culture. C．To raise people’s awareness about water pollution. D．To encourage communities to tend their local waterways. 22．How did the original Riverkeeper group benefit other protection groups? A．By hosting cleanup events annually. B．By forming the Waterkeeper Alliance. C．By sharing its name and successful methods. D．By asking the government for stricter laws. 23．What is the overall impact of the Waterkeeper Alliance on global waterways? A．They standardized water quality testing globally. B．They removed industrial pollution in the world. C．They protected large areas of waterways worldwide. D．They prevented all future river fires from occurring. 24．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．Sources of river pollution. B．Responsibilities of riverkeepers. C．Methods for cleaning waterways. D．Impacts of federal laws on river protection. Passage 7 （2023-2924学年高一下·河北邢台·期末）Hundreds of fish in Canada beat the heat in human-made streams of cold water. The approach could help protect cold-water species as climate change warms rivers. Fish can become stressed or even die when the water gets too hot. In rivers, Atlantic salmon and other cold-water species sometimes escape the heat by swimming to cooler zones. Such cool sites may be found near groundwater springs. These small rivers and streams flow into larger waterways. “People have done a lot to preserve and add to these natural shelters,” said Kathryn Smith, a civil engineer in Canada at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Her team worked on the new river-cooling project. She said, "Until now, there hasn't really been an emphasis if we can create cold-water habitat." To test the idea, her team pumped (用泵输送) groundwater from a nearby well into the Wrights River in Nova Scotia. The groundwater was 9 ℃. This created an artificial stream of cool water. It was up to 20℃cooler than the surrounding water. This stream attracted several hundred fish of different life stages and species. These included Atlantic salmon. Most were fry (鱼苗), young still carrying their eggs' yolk sacs. These small fry hung out in the stream throughout the test. But when a heat wave raised river temperatures to about 30℃, older fish took shelter in the stream, too. The team also tried a second approach. They changed the route of some water from the river into an underground trench (沟). Here, the water cooled a bit before flowing back into the river. This method cooled part of the river without needing a pump. The water temperature fell by only a few degrees Celsius this way. But even so, fish were spotted in the cooled flow throughout the summer. 25．What did the team do during the project? A．They raised different fish. B．They made the water cooler. C．They dealt with climate change. D．They developed a lot of streams. 26．What can we know about Atlantic salmon from paragraph 2? A．It dislikes too hot water. B．It dies from other fish’s hunting. C．It is always found in the spring. D．It prefers to live in small streams. 27．Which word can best describe the project? A．Costly. B．Effective. C．Meaningless. D．Historic. 28．What may be the best title for the text? A．Climate change forced fish to escape B．Fish sought cold water to avoid dying C．A project protected fish from the heat D．A team preserved the rivers in Canada Passage 8 （2023-2924学年高一下·江苏淮安·期末）A large-scale analysis (分析) of nearly 1,000 scientific studies has shown just how closely human activity is tied to public health. The findings suggest environmental changes caused by human activities are making the risk of infectious (传染的) disease outbreaks all the more likely. The biodiversity (生物多样性) crisis — which has let some one million plant and animal species at risk of extinction — is a leading driver of disease spread, the researchers found. “It could mean that by changing the environment, we increase the risks of future pandemics (流行病),” said Jason Rohr, a co-author of the study and a biologist at the University of Notre Dame. The analysis studied at least one of five “global change drivers” affecting wildlife and landscapes on Earth: biodiversity change, climate change, habitat loss and change, chemical pollution and the introduction of non-native species to new areas. The researchers collected nearly 3,000 data points related to how each of these factors might impact the seriousness of infectious disease outbreaks. Their conclusions showed that four of the examined factors — climate change, chemical pollution, the introduction of non-native species to new areas and biodiversity loss — all increased the likelihood of spreading diseases, with the latter having the most significant impact. Disease and death rate were nearly nine times higher in areas of the world where human activity has reduced biodiversity, compared to the levels expected by Earth’s natural variation in biodiversity. One global change factor, however, actually reduced the likelihood of disease outbreaks: habitat loss and change. But here, context is key. Most habitat loss is linked to creating a single type of environment — urban (城市的) ecosystems — which generally have good sanitation (卫生) systems, reducing opportunities for disease outbreaks. The new work adds to past research on how human activity can cause the spread of disease. The research signals the need for public health officials to remain watchful as the effects of human-caused climate change arise. 29．What do the findings reveal according to the first two paragraphs? A．Human activities do great damage to public health. B．Biodiversity crises increase the risk of disease outbreaks. C．Millions of plant and animal species are at risk of extinction. D．Human-caused environmental changes lead to species extinction. 30．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The process of the study. B．The result of the study. C．The meaning of data analysis. D．The impact of disease outbreaks. 31．Compared with the other four “global change drivers”, habitat loss and change _____. A．worsened the disease outbreaks B．had the most significant impact C．made urban ecosystems more delicate D．made it less likely to spread diseases 32．What might be the focus of the follow-up discussion? A．The expectations held by public health officials. B．The measures to be taken by the health systems. C．The effects of human activities on climate change. D．The concerns about climate change and biodiversity loss. Passage 9 （2023-2924学年高一下·浙江宁波·期末）In the spring, the western tanagers (唐纳雀) prepared to migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles to the forests of the Mountain West, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers feed on insects and berries. They must take advantage of the early-season boom in insects that started with springtime plant growth to produce healthy young. But as global climate change caused spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers were arriving at their destination after what was known as “green-up”, when flowers began blooming and insects popped up. With the shift of the time when plants put out new leaves, western tanagers became more likely to reach their destinations when food is in shortage or after insect numbers have begun to drop. Scott Loss, a professor at Oklahoma State University and his colleagues used satellite imagery to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, and then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring was indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. The trend continued this year. The paper continued to build this picture of the inability of birds to track the changing seasons caused by climate change. Timing mismatches between birds and their food could affect whether birds survived the migration and how many chicks they had. Morgan Tingley, a researcher at UCLA said that the migration research could indicate conservation efforts in the future. “Part of it suggested which species were vulnerable (易受伤害的) to various threats,” Tingley said. “This added to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hoped that the information would serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible: “It was really important, if we couldn’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 33．During the migration, what will happen to the western tanagers after “green-up” ? A．They will struggle to find enough insects and berries. B．They will have difficulty finding suitable nesting sites. C．They will hardly find blooming flowers for reproduction. D．They will find it hard to survive harsher weather conditions. 34．What is the direct result of the timing mismatch between birds and their food? A．The loss of birds’ habitats. B．The decrease of birds’ survival rate. C．The contribution to the greenhouse effect. D．The increase of difficulty in biodiversity conservation. 35．What is Morgan Tingley’s attitude towards the research findings in the last paragraph? A．Uncertain. B．Critical. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 36．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Diverse Patterns of Bird Migration B．The Timing Mismatch of Western Tanagers C．The Impact of Climate Change on Migratory Birds D．The Vulnerability of Bird Species to Various Threats Passage 10 （2023-2924学年高一下·浙江杭州·期末）These days, the skies don’t seem so inviting: Airfares are climbing. Passengers are fighting. Computer systems, and entire airlines, are melting down. Any of those might be reason enough for some to stay off a plane. But for a small, yet growing, number of travelers, the problem with air travel goes way further. They are giving up flying because of its effect on the climate. “I choose to stay grounded because it aligns (一致) with what is true,” said Dan Castrigano, 36, a former teacher who in 2020 signed a promise not to travel by air. “The climate is breaking down.” One Boeing 747 carrying 416 passengers from Heathrow Airport in London to Edinburgh produces the same carbon dioxide as 336 cars traveling the same distance, according to BBC Science Focus, a peer-reviewed magazine. That huge carbon footprint is leading many activists and scientists to issue cries to fly less, or not at all. There is perhaps no country with more anti-flight activists than Sweden, where by 2020, 15, 000 people had signed a nationwide promise to travel without flying for at least one year. The nonprofit behind that movement, We Stay on the Ground, is now raising funds and hopes to get 100, 000 signatories in the next few years. Swedes have coined a word, flygskam, to describe the shame associated with flying. We Stay on the Ground inspired the Flight Free movements in Britain and Australia, as well as Flight Free USA．There are other grass-roots movements, too: Stay Grounded, a global network of over 150 organizations promoting other means to travel, was founded in 2016 and has its headquarters in Austria; Byway, a British travel planning company founded during the Covid-19 lockdown, allows customers to plan flight-free routes across Europe. Airlines are taking efforts to make flying greener, with promises to achieve “net zero” carbon emissions (排放) in the next three decades. Activists say that progress isn’t coming fast enough and are pushing for frequent fliers to at least consider small changes, which they say could add up to big differences. 37．Who is the target audience of the passage? A．Airline workers. B．Government employees. C．Frequent fliers. D．Tour guides. 38．Why does the writer mention Dan Castrigano in paragraph 2? A．To give an example. B．To share a story. C．To present an issue. D．To express an opinion. 39．What can be implied from the passage? A．Flight shame goes global. B．Swedes are proud to travel by plane. C．People are trading wheels for wings. D．British are leading in action to fly less. 40．What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of giving up flying? A．Dissatisfied. B．Supportive. C．Worried. D．Confident. Passage 11 （2023-2924学年高一下·安徽合肥·期末）In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store — the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in — people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before,” he says. Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic, Sutherland says immediate action is needed. Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic. 41．What is special about Earth. Food. Love? A．It gives away boxes of food. B．It is a store without plastic bags. C．It has few new customers. D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. 42．What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place? A．Its similarity. B．Its products. C．Its profits. D．Its popularity. 43．What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean? A．Pollution. B．Acceptance. C．Significance. D．Application. 44．What is the text mainly about? A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. 试卷第1页，共3页 2 / 34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(二) ( 地 城 高频话题 01 旅游交通 ) Passage 1 （2023-2024学年高一下·安徽宣城·期末）Located in the centre of Amsterdam’s Zuidas business district, a cutting-edge new office building has officially opened. The developer behind it, Dutch firm OVG, liked it so much that they moved in when it was finished. The Edge office building prides itself on good coffee, lots of natural light—no desk is far from a window—and a gym that allows you not just to get fit but also to contribute to the energy supply of the office. It also flushes its toilets with rainwater, has a robot security guard that will protect you if you wander around at night and a whole range of clever technologies to make the building sustainable. Workers can control the temperature, lighting and curtains via a series of apps on their smart phones and work is ongoing to unify them. Users select the temperature they want from a sliding gauge on their phones. Workers can also use one of the apps to book meeting rooms, open lockers and check in to their desks. Each floor of the office is laid out exactly the same, making it the perfect hot-desking environment. It should in theory mean the firm can allocate desks—if people used the app. But actually it is not the case. People want to go to the same place every day and sit with their peers. Neither is the app-based system to book meeting rooms running entirely smoothly. Many people don’t use it effectively. However, there is no doubting The Edge’s green qualifications, The building is doing its bit to encourage its workers to go greener, There is a huge space for bikes and a whole wall dedicated to electric car charging points in the underground car park. Both Deloitte, the building’s main renter, and OVG, the developer, are open about the fact that The Edge is an experimental project and that not everything has worked. One of its biggest challenges is making sense of the mountains of data generated by the sensors. 1．Which of the following is The Edge office building proud of? A．A dutiful guard. B．A special gym. C．Modern desks. D．Developer OVG. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The great convenience of smartphones. B．The efficiency of workers’ jobs. C．The application of intelligent technology. D．The importance of saving energy. 3．What is people’s attitude toward the hot-desking environment? A．Dissatisfied. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear. 4．For The Edge office building, what might the author continue talking about? A．Its appeal. B．Its style. C．Its profits. D．Its problems. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了使用智能科技的Edge办公大楼。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The Edge office building prides itself on good coffee, lots of natural light—no desk is far from a window—and a gym that allows you not just to get fit but also to contribute to the energy supply of the office.( Edge办公大楼以优质的咖啡、充足的自然光——没有一张办公桌离窗户很远——以及一个健身房而自豪，它不仅能让你健身，还能为办公室的能源供应做出贡献。)”可知，Edge办公大楼以一个特殊的健身房为傲。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Workers can control the temperature, lighting and curtains via a series of apps on their smart phones and work is ongoing to unify them. Users select the temperature they want from a sliding gauge on their phones. Workers can also use one of the apps to book meeting rooms, open lockers and check in to their desks.(员工可以通过智能手机上的一系列应用程序来控制温度、照明和窗帘，工作正在进行中，以统一这些应用程序。用户可以通过手机上的滑动温度计选择自己想要的温度。员工还可以使用其中一个应用程序来预订会议室、打开储物柜和签到办公桌。)”可知，本段主要讲述智能科技的应用。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Each floor of the office is laid out exactly the same, making it the perfect hot-desking environment. It should in theory mean the firm can allocate desks—if people used the app. But actually it is not the case. (该办公室的每一层都布置得一模一样，这使它成为了完美的办公桌轮换使用环境。理论上，这应该意味着公司可以分配办公桌——如果人们使用这款应用的话。但实际上并非如此。)”可知，人们对于办公桌轮换使用环境是不满意的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Both Deloitte, the building’s main renter, and OVG, the developer, are open about the fact that The Edge is an experimental project and that not everything has worked. One of its biggest challenges is making sense of the mountains of data generated by the sensors.(该大楼的主要租户德勤(Deloitte)和开发商OVG都公开承认，the Edge是一个实验性项目，并非一切都奏效。最大的挑战之一是如何理解传感器产生的海量数据。)”可知，接下来作者可能会讨论这个实验项目的问题。故选D。 Passage 2 （2023-2024学年高一下·山东威海·期末） Every year, travelers head to South America to be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge open skies and high mountains. But at Omora Ethnobotanical Park on Tierra del Fuego, visitors are encouraged to think small. Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found. On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees. Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them. I wondered how interesting mosses could be. But when I got up close, they started to come to life. Shapes and colours appeared that were not visible to the naked eye. One plant was bright yellow, while another was green with a bright red tip like a little hat. One of the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which looks like thin noodles and hangs off the trees in webs. According to my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an important role in the growth of the forest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blown in on the ocean wind. Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet. But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly. “The hand lens is your entry point into the world of the miniature forests,” Lewis said. “Looking through a lens reminds you that there are other viewpoints from which we can see the world.” 5．Which title best describes Tierra del Fuego? A．A wonderland for tiny plants. B．A unique place for rare species. C．A top destination for hiking lovers. D．A remote land with different landscapes. 6．What quality is highly valued while exploring Omora Ethnobotanical Park? A．Curiosity and creativity. B．Quickness and confidence. C．Calmness and attentiveness. D．Determination and courage. 7．Which can best replace the underlined word “vulnerable”? A．Sensitive. B．Adaptable. C．Beneficial. D．Resistant. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Eco-tourism in Tierra del Fuego B．An Encounter with Old Man’s Beard C．A Tiny Forest on the Tip of the World D．Start Your Journey of Discovery, Now! 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．A 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Tierra del Fuego, a remote island at the tip of South America, might offer little in terms of animals and trees, but when it comes to bryophytes (苔藓植物), it is among the richest corners of the planet. In the area that covers less than 0.01% of the Earth’s land surface, more than 5% of the world’s bryophyte species is found.(火地岛是南美洲的一个偏远岛屿，在动物和树木方面可能很少，但说到苔藓植物，它是地球上最丰富的角落之一。在地球陆地面积不到0.01%的地区，发现了世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种)”可知，火地岛虽小，但拥有世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种，“火地岛是小植物的仙境”适合做标题。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Focus is key: as you tiptoe through the park, it is easy to miss or even step on them.(集中注意力是关键：当你蹑手蹑脚地穿过公园时，很容易错过甚至踩到它们)”可知，在探索奥莫拉民族植物公园时，冷静和专注是最重要的。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“But in Tierra del Fuego, where the air and rain are among the cleanest on the planet, it grows wildly.(但在火地岛，那里的空气和雨水是地球上最干净的，它疯狂地生长)”以及划线词句“Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable to pollution, and has all but disappeared across much of the planet.(Old Man’s Beard对污染极其vulnerable，几乎在地球的大部分地区都消失了)”可知，火地岛环境非常好，Old Man’s Beard在火地岛生长得很好，说明对污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地区几乎都消失了。故划线词意思是“敏感的”。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据第三段“On entering the park, you’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, you are invited to get down on your hands and knees to explore the little-known world of Tierra del Fuego’s “miniature forests” — the bryophytes that cover the rocks and trees.(一进入公园，你就会得到一个放大镜。在植物专家的指导下，您将被邀请跪下来探索火地岛鲜为人知的“微型森林”世界——覆盖在岩石和树木上的苔藓植物)”结合文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。可知，C选项“世界之巅的小森林”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 3 Passage 3 （2023-2024学年高一下·浙江台州·期末）Anthropologist Daniel Miller has observed that an alien (外星人) visiting Earth might suppose that four-wheeled creatures rule the planet. These rulers, he points out, are “served by a host of slaves who walk on legs and spend their whole lives serving them.” He meant this as a joke, but it mirrors American car culture to some extent. In the US, the costs of car dependency keep growing, far above the $12, 000-per-year average expense of owning a new one. Coast-to-coast, the cars we drive cause about 16% of greenhouse gas emissions. They cause significant air pollution, which worsens heart disease rates. Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44. Since 2010 the number of pedestrians (行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year. American car culture is a choice that now comes at too high a cost, both for ourselves and for the environment. After a century of its central place in our lives, we need to rethink our world into one not so attached to cars. Solutions are obvious and right in front of us. Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority (优先权) as roads in our cities, instead of being afterthoughts. Unreasonable demands by the Government that the public get back behind the wheel to offices need to stop. We can even provide discounts to bicyclists who take the train or subway. Another reality is that car parking is too cheap across much of the country, where different parking prices can change our plans from hopping in the car during rush hours to taking the subway instead. We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide. Otherwise, those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who, the cars or the people. 9．Why are aliens and slaves mentioned at the beginning? A．To compare aliens to slaves. B．To amuse readers with a joke. C．To warn readers of the coming danger. D．To illustrate humans’ dependence on cars. 10．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The great popularity of cars. B．The negative impact of cars. C．The environmental damage by cars. D．The high cost of owning cars. 11．Which measure might be taken according to the author? A．Promote walking and bicycling. B．Demand the public drive to work. C．Offer free train rides to bicyclists. D．Reduce parking fees in rush hours. 12．What is the text aimed at? A．Introducing American car culture. B．Recommending a replacement for cars. C．Encouraging a less car-dependent lifestyle. D．Explaining the phenomenon of car dependency. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者认为人们应该减少对汽车的依赖，因为汽车有很多负面影响，并提出了可行的解决方案。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“He meant this as a joke, but it mirrors American car culture to some extent. In the US, the costs of car dependency keep growing, far above the $12, 000-per-year average expense of owning a new one.(他的本意是开玩笑，但这在某种程度上反映了美国的汽车文化。在美国，依赖汽车的成本持续增长，远远高于拥有一辆新车的平均每年1.2万美元的成本。)”可知，开头提到了外星人和奴隶是为了表明人类对汽车的依赖。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Coast-to-coast, the cars we drive cause about 16% of greenhouse gas emissions. They cause significant air pollution, which worsens heart disease rates. Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause of death in people aged 1 to 44. Since 2010 the number of pedestrians (行人) killed by cars has increased to about 7,500 a year.(从东海岸到西海岸，我们驾驶的汽车造成了大约16%的温室气体排放。它们造成严重的空气污染，加剧了心脏病的发病率。机动车事故是1至44岁人群死亡的主要原因。自2010年以来，被汽车撞死的行人数量增加到每年约7500人。)”可知，第二段主要是讲汽车的负面影响。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Sidewalks and bike trails should receive the same priority (优先权) as roads in our cities, instead of being afterthoughts.(在我们的城市中，人行道和自行车道应该像道路一样得到同样的重视，而不是事后考虑。)”可知，作者认为可以采取鼓励步行和骑行的措施。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to end our car-centered way of life nationwide. Otherwise, those aliens will have made the right call on who serves who, the cars or the people.(我们需要在全国范围内结束以汽车为中心的生活方式。否则，那些外星人就会做出正确的决定，谁为谁服务，是车还是人。)”可知，文章是为了鼓励少依赖汽车的生活方式。故选C。 Passage 4 （2023-2024学年高一下·安徽亳州·期末）On November 8, a huge new airship called Pathfinder 1 made its first test flight in California. At 121.9 meters long, it’s far longer than a football field. It’s the largest airship of its kind since the 1930s. But Pathfinder 1 is built using a lot of new ideas, and new materials. Airships were especially popular in the early 1900s. They were used for transport, for spying (侦探), and were even used in war. But most of that ended in 1937, after an airship called the Hindenburg caught fire and burned as it was landing. The Hindenburg disaster scared people away from airships. From then on, most air travel focused on airplanes. Now, some people hope to change that and they believe airships can be used to move people and materials quickly, and most importantly, without pollution. The builders have been working on Pathfinder 1 for about 10 years. From the outside, Pathfinder 1 looks similar to the airships of the 1930s. But Pathfinder 1 is completely new. The ship gets its lift from helium-a lighter-than-air gas that won’t catch fire easily. Hydrogen gas, which does burn, was responsible for the Hindenburg disaster. Pathfinder 1 has 12 electric engines, which can be powered by either batteries or generators (发电机). The engines make it possible for the airship to take off and land without a runway. Pathfinder 1 can fly at a speed of up to 120 kph. But it will be flying much more slowly during its early test flights. The first 50 flights are limited to 457 meters high. Pathfinder 1 can carry about 4 tons of people and things. In time, builders hope to show that airships can provide a low-pollution way to move loads over long distances. They are also interested in using airships to help people out in emergency situations, such as after an earthquake or a hurricane, when roads are closed and there’s no place for planes to land. 13．What put a stop to the development of airships? A．They were of limited practical use. B．Proper materials for them were in short supply. C．A serious airship accident brought along fear. D．Other types of transport developed rather quickly. 14．Why does Pathfinder 1 use helium instead of hydrogen gas? A．Helium is cheaper than hydrogen gas. B．Helium is lighter than hydrogen gas. C．Helium is hard to burn. D．Helium is easy to get. 15．What can we learn about Pathfinder 1 from paragraph 4? A．How much it costs. B．How it works. C．Its developing process. D．Its unique appearance. 16．What is the main purpose of the Pathfinder 1 project? A．To develop the world’s fastest transport. B．To test the safety of airship travel. C．To recreate the popularity of airship travel in the 1930s. D．To provide a green means of long-distance transport. 【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍名为“探路者1号”的巨大新型飞艇在加利福尼亚州进行了首次试飞。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Hindenburg disaster scared people away from airships. From then on, most air travel focused on airplanes.(兴登堡号的灾难使人们对飞艇敬而远之。从那时起，大多数航空旅行都集中在飞机上)”可知，“兴登堡号”飞艇在着陆时起火燃烧的事故导致飞艇发展的中断。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“The ship gets its lift from helium-a lighter-than-air gas that won’t catch fire easily. Hydrogen gas, which does burn, was responsible for the Hindenburg disaster.(这艘船的升力来自氦——一种比空气轻的气体，不易着火。会燃烧的氢气是兴登堡号灾难的罪魁祸首)”可知，“探路者1号”使用氦气来提供升力, 主要是因为它不易燃。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Pathfinder 1 has 12 electric engines, which can be powered by either batteries or generators (发电机). The engines make it possible for the airship to take off and land without a runway. Pathfinder 1 can fly at a speed of up to 120 kph. But it will be flying much more slowly during its early test flights. The first 50 flights are limited to 457 meters high.(探路者1号有12个电动引擎，可以由电池或发电机提供动力。这些发动机使飞艇在没有跑道的情况下起飞和降落成为可能。探路者1号的飞行速度可达每小时120公里。但在早期的试飞中，它的飞行速度会慢得多。前50次飞行高度限制在457米)”可知，本段主要介绍“探路者1号”是如何工作的。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据第三段“Now, some people hope to change that and they believe airships can be used to move people and materials quickly, and most importantly, without pollution.(现在，一些人希望改变这一点，他们相信飞艇可以用来快速运送人员和物资，最重要的是，没有污染)”及最后一段的“In time, builders hope to show that airships can provide a low-pollution way to move loads over long distances.(随着时间的推移，建造者希望证明飞艇可以提供一种低污染的方式来远距离运输货物)”可知，建造者希望能够提供一种绿色、无污染的远距离运输方式。故选D。 Passage 5 （2023-2024学年高一下·湖北·期末）When you think of the most innovative (创新的) organisations, chances are that your mind will immediately go to Apple, Google, or perhaps OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT that is leading the AI revolution. But there is one other organisation doing exceptional work: Transport for London (TfL), a tube constantly testing out new technologies for London's transportation experience. Willesden Green, a suburban station in North West London was just transformed into a“smart”station. What TfL did was take the CCTV (闭路电视) cameras and plug them into an AI image recognition system — which turned what previously had been ordinary video recordings into intelligent cameras, capable of identifying what was happening inside the station. TfL is at the cutting edge and significantly eased the workload of Tube staff. For example, the system detected fallen passengers, warning staff via iPads to assist them. It also spotted people standing too close to the platform edge, reminding staff of potential danger. For irresponsible behavior, staff could make announcements. The cameras also identified wheelchair users and those waiting too long, allowing staff to offer assistance. TfL's forward-thinking approach in embracing technology is praiseworthy, improving public safety and providing a more smooth travel experience in London. The highlight of this system is its ability to detect unwanted behavior. The AI cameras are designed to identify potential threats like knives, guns, and ticket barrier violators(违反者). However, I'm particularly impressed with how it recognizes “aggressive behavior”. This is hard to do, because describing to a computer what that looks like is tricky. Instead, TfL programmed the system to warn staff if anyone in the station raises both of their arms at the same time, as this is a gesture often connected with threatening behavior. However, it isn't without controversy (争议) — it does cause uncomfortableness from a civil liberties. The problem with AI identifying images means that it could just as easily spot flags or political symbols, for example. And you can imagine how it could be used to closely monitor staff in an unpleasant way. 17．Why are Apple, Google, and OpenAI mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To compare their strengths. B．To stress the tube's innovation. C．To show the popularity of the tube. D．To share the travel experience. 18．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How popular AI is becoming in Tfl. B．What AI does to detect passengers in Tfl. C．How AI reduces work burden in Tfl. D．Why AI is influencing TIL so much. 19．What does the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Challenging. B．Easy. C．Unachievable. D．Perfect. 20．What is the best title of the passage? A．Is it worthy to apply AI to TfL? B．AI does more good than harm. C．TIL is becoming safer and safer. D．TЛL is smarter with AI. 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章首先提及一些知名的创新组织，引出伦敦交通局（TfL）在创新方面的出色表现。介绍了 TfL 将伦敦西北郊区的威尔斯登格林地铁站改造成“智能”站，通过将 CCTV 摄像机接入 AI 图像识别系统，减轻了工作人员的工作量，能检测各种情况并提供帮助。该系统的亮点是能检测不良行为，还提到了 TfL 这一做法存在争议，比如可能会引发公民自由方面的担忧。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段“When you think of the most innovative (创新的) organisations, chances are that your mind will immediately go to Apple, Google, or perhaps OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT that is leading the AI revolution. But there is one other organisation doing exceptional work: Transport for London (TfL), a tube constantly testing out new technologies for London's transportation experience.(当你想到最具创新性的组织时，你可能会立刻想到苹果、谷歌，或者可能是ChatGPT背后的公司OpenAI，它正在引领人工智能革命。但还有一家组织也在做着杰出的工作：伦敦交通局(TfL)，一个不断测试新技术以改善伦敦交通体验的地铁系统。)”可知，第一段提到苹果、谷歌和OpenAI是为了强调地铁的创新。故选B项。 18．主旨大意题。根据第三段“TfL is at the cutting edge and significantly eased the workload of Tube staff. For example, the system detected fallen passengers, warning staff via iPads to assist them. It also spotted people standing too close to the platform edge, reminding staff of potential danger. For irresponsible behavior, staff could make announcements. The cameras also identified wheelchair users and those waiting too long, allowing staff to offer assistance. TfL's forward-thinking approach in embracing technology is praiseworthy, improving public safety and providing a more smooth travel experience in London.(TfL处于领先地位，大大减轻了地铁工作人员的工作量。例如，该系统检测到乘客摔倒，通过iPad提醒工作人员提供帮助。它还发现有人站得离站台边缘太近，提醒工作人员注意潜在的危险。对于不负责任的行为，员工可以发布公告。摄像头还识别出轮椅使用者和等待时间过长的人，让员工提供帮助。TfL在拥抱技术方面的前瞻性方法是值得称赞的，它提高了公共安全，为伦敦提供了更顺畅的旅行体验。)”可知，本段主要讲述了人工智能如何减轻TfL的工作负担。故选C项。 19．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, I'm particularly impressed with how it recognizes “aggressive behavior”. This is hard to do, because describing to a computer what that looks like is…. Instead, TfL programmed the system to warn staff if anyone in the station raises both of their arms at the same time, as this is a gesture often connected with threatening behavior.(然而，我特别印象深刻的是它是如何识别“攻击性行为”的。这很难做到，因为向计算机描述这种行为的样子是……。相反，TfL对系统进行了编程，如果车站里有人同时举起双臂，就会警告工作人员，因为这通常是一种与威胁行为相关的姿势。)”可推知，此处表示向计算机描述这种行为的样子是有挑战性的，即划线词意为“有挑战性的”。故选A项。 20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But there is one other organisation doing exceptional work: Transport for London (TfL), a tube constantly testing out new technologies for London's transportation experience.(但还有一家组织也在做着杰出的工作：伦敦交通局(TfL)，一个不断测试新技术以改善伦敦交通体验的地铁系统。)”结合文章介绍了伦敦交通局(TfL)利用人工智能来提高公共安全，为伦敦提供了更顺畅的旅行体验，以及人工智能在TfL中的作用。由此可知，D项“TЛL is smarter with AI(有了AI，伦敦交通局变得更智能)”适合用作本文标题。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2023-2024学年高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven driverless car s will soon be filling roads near you. Tech companies around the world have been designing and testing driverless vehicles and the technology is available already. So, how do they work? The cars are covered in sensors that can detect other cars and obstacles on the road. Sensors on the wheels also help when parking. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems are used. Finally, a central computer system takes in all the information and processes this to work out when to accelerate, brake and steer. All you have to do is type in the destination. Sounds like your idea of heaven? Siting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film while “driving” will all be possible with this new technology. In addition, computers are generally more efficient drivers than humans, meaning emissions can be reduced. They also drive more safely than people—they don’t get distracted by music or friends, they obey the speed limit and they have quicker reaction times in case of an emergency. However, there are still many drawbacks of driverless cars. Computers will have difficulties making ethical(道德上的) decisions. If a child ran out into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn aside sharply and potentially hurt the car’s passengers instead? Moreover, I personally find driving fun. I’d miss never being behind the wheel myself. There would also be legal questions. Should children or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Or would there need to be a responsible adult with a driving licence in the car at all times? Although being driven around by a machine would perhaps mean that no one needs a driving license, many people would be put out of a job by the population of driverless cars. Bus, taxi and train drivers would be made redundant. I’m not convinced I’d want a driverless car, let it’s only a matter of time before they’ll become more affordable and commonplace on our roads. 21．What do you need to do when using a driverless car? A．Control the sensors. B．Read the road signs carefully. C．Put the address into the computer. D．Check the satellite navigation systems. 22．How does the author analyze the shortcomings of driverless cars? A．By making a comparison. B．By raising some questions. C．By sharing personal experiences. D．By analyzing their harmful effects. 23．What is the underlined word “redundant” closest in meaning to? A．Replaceable. B．Crucial. C．Distinctive. D．Unwanted. 24．What does the author think of future driverless cars? A．They will be less expensive. B．They will consume less energy. C．They will do more harm than good. D．They will be more strictly controlled. 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍无人驾驶汽车以及其所带来的问题。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“All you have to do is type in the destination.(你所要做的就是输入目的地。)”可知，使用无人驾驶汽车时只需要输入目的地就行了。故选C。 22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, there are still many drawbacks of driverless cars. Computers will have difficulties making ethical(道德上的) decisions. If a child ran out into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn aside sharply and potentially hurt the car’s passengers instead? Moreover, I personally find driving fun. I’d miss never being behind the wheel myself. There would also be legal questions. Should children or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Or would there need to be a responsible adult with a driving licence in the car at all times?( 然而，无人驾驶汽车仍然存在许多缺点。计算机将难以做出合乎道德的决定。如果一个孩子跑到马路上，电脑会选择撞到孩子，还是突然转向一边，可能会伤害到车上的乘客？此外，我个人觉得驾驶很有趣。我会怀念自己从未开车的日子。还会有法律问题。儿童或醉酒的人应该被允许独自乘坐无人驾驶汽车吗？或者是否需要一个有驾驶执照的负责任的成年人一直在车里？)”可知，作者通过连续提出几个问题来描述无人驾驶汽车的许多缺点。B选项“By raising some questions.( 通过提出一些问题。)”符合题意。故选B。 23．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Although being driven around by a machine would perhaps mean that no one needs a driving license, many people would be put out of a job by the population of driverless cars. (虽然由机器驾驶可能意味着没有人需要驾驶执照，但无人驾驶汽车的数量将使许多人失业。)” 可知，无人驾驶汽车的出现可能会让很多人失业，因此公共汽车、出租车、火车等司机的工作可能会变得不再被需要。故划线词与D选项“Unwanted.(不需要的)”为同义词。故选D。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’m not convinced I’d want a driverless car, let it’s only a matter of time before they’ll become more affordable and commonplace on our roads.( 我不太确定我是否会想要一辆自动驾驶汽车，但它的普及和价格下降只是时间问题，它们将变得在我们的道路上更加普遍和负担得起。)” 可知，作者认为无人驾驶汽车迟早会变得更便宜更常见。故选A。 ( 地 城 高频话题 02 社会问题和社会现象 ) Passage 1 （2023-2024学年高一下·广东深圳·期末）Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987, supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income, she had to collect recyclables, trading in cans for five cents each. When the clothing factory closed down in the late 2000s, she became a full-time recycler, picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet. Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it — a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on the street. That enables police to search rubbish for evidence, but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City, which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats, containers are made clearly inaccessible for collectors. “There’s value in the waste, and we feel that value should belong to the people, not the city or the corporations”, says Ryan Castalia, director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn. Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings. 1．What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin? A．To highlight waste collectors’ role. B．To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship. C．To praise her devotion to her daughter. D．To show the seriousness of unemployment. 2．How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work? A．By contrasting. B．By citing reference. C．By giving definitions. D．By cause-effect analysis. 3．What would Marin agree with? A．Business is business. B．No job is noble or humble. C．The early bird catches worms. D．One good turn deserves another. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Legal Battles Over Public Garbage Ownership B．The History of Recycling Laws in the United States C．The Rise of Corporate Recycling Programs in New York D．The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过马林的故事讲述了拾荒者对于垃圾回收利用所起到的作用，以及他们面临的难题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一、二段马林的故事和第三段“Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it – a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (马林的故事并非个例。世界各地有数百万人通过捡垃圾和转售来谋生——这是保持垃圾可管理的重要角色。在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可以推论出，作者讲述马林的故事目的是突出拾荒者的作用。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可知，作者是通过对比来说明垃圾收集者的重要性。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recognized or not, waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her. “Because I recycle it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says. (不管承认与否，拾荒者长期以来一直受到不尊重。马林回忆说，有一次，她正在收集易拉罐，隔壁的人向她泼水。她说:“因为我回收利用，并不意味着我比其他人更不像一个人。”)”可知，马林认为工作没有高低贵贱之分。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一、二段马林的故事和第三段“Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it – a vital role that keeps waste manageable. In New York City, the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year. (马林的故事并非个例。世界各地有数百万人通过捡垃圾和转售来谋生——这是保持垃圾可管理的重要角色。在纽约市，管理部门只收集了28%可以回收的易拉罐。垃圾收集者每年从垃圾填埋场中取出数百万件可回收物品。)”可知，本文主要通过马林的故事讲述了拾荒者对于垃圾回收利用所起到的作用，以及他们面临的难题。所以，用D项“The Struggles and Contributions of New York’s Recyclers”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2023-2024学年高一下·广东佛山·期末）Can talking to other people online help socially isolated (孤立的) older adults in any way? A new research is seeking evidence to prove the benefits of online social communications. Lead author Hiroko Dodge started the study about ten years ago, recognizing the harmful effects of social isolation. The experiment, known as I-CONNECT, involved 186 participants aged 75 years and older. The experiment used the Internet to allow for conversational communications between the participants and trained interviewers. To make the experience more interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and pictures. The experiment lasted a year, with 30-minute conversations held four times a week for the first six months and then twice a week for an additional six months. At the end of the first six-month period, the participants showed higher cognitive (认知的) test scores compared to another group who did not take part in such conversations. And, at the end of the second six-month period, the participants had test scores indicating better memory-related brain function and improved emotional well-being. Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge. “Our next goal is to extend these activities to reach more isolated people in need, as well as to study how social communications impact our brain functions,” said Dodge. “Providing frequent stimulating (有促进作用的) conversational communications through the Internet could be an effective home-based strategy against social isolation and cognitive problem.” Human contacts are important for our emotional well-being. The team is currently researching into chatbots (聊天机器人) as they are aware that chatbots might work as effectively as humans for cognitive stimulations. 5．How did researchers make the conversational communications more engaging? A．By using trained interviewers. B．By limiting the length of talks. C．By increasing the frequency of talks. D．By arranging unfixed talking partners. 6．What are the findings of the experiment? A．Socially isolated people tend to talk online. B．Online chatting improves cognitive function. C．High cognitive ability ensures positive emotions. D．Wide-ranging topics benefit the elderly’s memory. 7．What is one goal of the I-CONNECT Foundation? A．Increase the sales of chatbots. B．Organize face-to-face activities. C．Struggle against social isolation. D．Study new ways of communication. 8．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To present findings of Dodge’s team. B．To improve the latest technology. C．To introduce a non-profit organization. D．To draw attention to a social problem. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了在线社交交流对社交孤立的老年人的积极影响，并介绍了I-CONNECT实验和I-CONNECT Foundation的目标。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“To make the experience more  interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different  conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and  pictures.(为了让体验更有趣，研究人员确保参与者每次都有不同的对话对象，并提供日常话题和图片)”可知，研究人员通过安排不固定的谈话伙伴让对话交流更有吸引力，故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“At the end of the first six-month period, the participants showed higher cognitive (认知的)  test scores compared to another group who did not take part in such  conversations. And, at the end of the second six-month period, the  participants had test scores indicating better memory-related brain  function and improved emotional well-being.(在头六个月结束时，参与者表现出更高的认知测试分数。在第二个六个月结束时，参与者的测试分数表明与记忆相关的大脑功能更好，情绪健康状况也有所改善)”可知，实验发现网上聊天可以提高认知功能。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge(实验结束后，道奇和她的队友成立了I-CONNECT基金会，旨在为社区中社交孤立的老年人免费提供社交交流)”可知，I-CONNECT基金会的一个目标是与社会孤立作斗争。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Can talking to other people online help socially isolated(孤立的) older adults in any way? A new research is seeking evidence to prove the benefits of online social communication(在线与他人交谈能否以任何方式帮助社交孤立的老年人？一项新研究正在寻求证据来证明在线社交通信的好处)”、第二段“To make the experience more  interesting, the researchers ensured that the participants had different  conversation partners each time, and they provided daily topics and  pictures.(为了让体验更有趣，研究人员确保参与者每次都有不同的对话对象，并提供日常话题和图片)”、第四段“Following the experiment, Dodge and her teammates established the I-CONNECT Foundation, aiming at providing social communications to socially isolated older individuals in the community free of charge(实验结束后，道奇和她的队友成立了I-CONNECT基金会，旨在为社区中社交孤立的老年人免费提供社交交流)”以及最后一段“Human contacts are important for our emotional well-being. The team is currently researching into chatbots (聊天机器人) as they are aware that chatbots might work as effectively as humans for cognitive stimulations.(人类交流对于我们的情感健康非常重要。该团队目前正在研究聊天机器人，因为他们意识到聊天机器人在认知刺激方面可能和人类一样有效)”可知，文章主要介绍了Hiroko Dodge团队关于网络交流对社交孤立的老年人影响的研究，包括研究过程、研究发现、后续计划等。由此推知，本文的目的是引起人们对社交孤立这一社会问题的关注。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2023-2024学年高一下·广东·期末）According to a 2018 report, people-aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways. In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion. More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is interesting. Since many people feel intimidated to talk about arts and think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent (永久的) collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art — and writing and talking about art — is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part. 9．What challenge is the author trying to deal with? A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks. B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. C．Art appears too distant from common audience. D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art 10．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Tired. B．Afraid. C．Annoyed. D．Surprised. 11．Why does the author mention the Getty challenge? A．To stress the need for a basic level understanding of art. B．To criticize traditional institutions’ lack of diversity. C．To argue that history is not about storytelling. D．To show an effort to engage a wider audience with art. 12．What can be concluded about common audience in the article? A．They lack the channels to understand and talk about art history. B．They prefer to view artworks and hear art stories on social media. C．They feel satisfied with people and interests represented on board. D．They refuse to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. (我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有决定如何消除这一差距。)”可知，作者努力解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太遥远了。故选C项。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“…think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. (认为加入对话需要一个基本的理解水平，Getty的倡议提醒人们，参与艺术有很多途径。)”可知，由于很多人认为参与对话需要基本水平的理解力，Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中，由此可推知，很多人感觉害怕，参与艺术对话需要基本水平的理解能力，划线词“intimidated”意为“害怕的”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is interesting. (最近，盖蒂博物馆(Getty Museum)在社交媒体上发起了一项挑战，让人们用家里的东西重新创作画作。用户们展示了令人难以置信的创造力，博物馆收到了大量的意见书。这种反应证明，如果形式有趣，观众就有参与艺术主题的潜在愿望。)”可知，作者提到盖蒂挑战是为了展示一种努力，即通过有趣的形式吸引更广泛的观众参与艺术话题，证明观众有潜在渴望与艺术话题互动。因此，作者提到盖蒂挑战是为了展示吸引更广泛观众参与艺术的努力。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience (我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节)”；根据第二段中“It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. (它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，可以就不同的话题进行对话。)”及第三段中“the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. (Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中。)”可知，普通观众缺乏理解和谈论艺术史的渠道。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2023-2024学年高一下·河北邢台·期末）A family sit around their dining room table on an average evening, sharing a meal together. Yet the children in the family are not sharing time with each other, but spending it on their devices (设备). Many teenagers’ lives are being damaged due to social media use which should be banned for minors (未成年人) as it is addictive, reduces real-life interactions, and causes poor mental health. Admittedly, social media leads to addiction. In the beginning, social media platforms had one purpose — connecting people. Yet, these platforms have different intentions now, like advertisements. The users are no longer the customers but the advertisers. To make more money from their advertisers, social media is designed to be addictive to keep the consumers using the sites as long as possible. These sites stimulate (刺激) the brain to release dopamine, rewarding the behaviour and making users want to continue the habit. Teenagers often use social media to spend their spare time. However, after some time, they begin using it when they should not. The more they use it, the more they want to use it again. Teenagers may use it to make friends, but this makes them feel even more isolated. Social media is decreasing the attention span of teens, making it harder for them to complete everyday tasks. Many minors’ real-life interactions are weakened due to the use of social media. Teenagers are reported to use texting more than any other form of communication. This is a concern because texting does not include much nonverbal communication, making it harder for those using social media to read emotional cues (暗示) associated with personal, social and academic success. Teens who understand emotional cues can have better peer relationships. As a result, many teenagers who spend too much time on social media have difficulty communicating in person because they have trouble understanding others’ emotions. 13．Why are the children mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To give a reason. B．To lead in the topic. C．To offer an explanation. D．To describe the background. 14．What does the underlined phrase “the behavior” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Using social media. B．Connecting people. C．Making more money. D．Stimulating the brain. 15．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Social media helps make teenagers more focused. B．Teenagers use social media mainly to make friends. C．Social media harms teenagers’ real-world social skills. D．Teenagers using social media have trouble in texting. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．The functions of social media. B．The main problem of social media. C．The ways to avoid using social media. D．The bad impact of social media on teenagers. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了社交媒体对青少年的负面影响，包括成瘾性、减少现实生活互动以及导致心理健康问题。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet the children in the family are not sharing time with each other, but spending it on their devices (设备). Many teenagers’ lives are being damaged due to social media use which should be banned for minors (未成年人) as it is addictive, reduces real-life interactions, and causes poor mental health.(然而，家庭中的孩子们并没有互相分享时间，而是把时间花在了他们的设备上。许多青少年的生活因为社交媒体的使用而受到损害，应该禁止未成年人使用社交媒体，因为它具有成瘾性，减少了现实生活中的互动，并导致心理健康状况不佳。)”可知，作者提到孩子们的目的是为了引出社交媒体对青少年生活的负面影响这一主题，故选B项。 14．词句猜测题。根据第二段“These sites stimulate (刺激) the brain to release dopamine, rewarding the behaviour and making users want to continue the habit.(这些网站刺激大脑释放多巴胺，奖励这种行为，并让用户想要继续这个习惯。)”可知，“the behavior”指的是前文提到的“使用社交媒体”的行为，故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“As a result, many teenagers who spend too much time on social media have difficulty communicating in person because they have trouble understanding others’ emotions.(因此，许多在社交媒体上花费过多时间的青少年在面对面交流时遇到困难，因为他们难以理解他人的情绪。)”可知，作者认为社交媒体损害了青少年的现实世界社交技能，故选C项。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many teenagers’ lives are being damaged due to social media use which should be banned for minors (未成年人) as it is addictive, reduces real-life interactions, and causes poor mental health.(许多青少年的生活因为社交媒体的使用而受到损害，应该禁止未成年人使用社交媒体，因为它具有成瘾性，减少了现实生活中的互动，并导致心理健康状况不佳。)”、第二段“These sites stimulate (刺激) the brain to release dopamine, rewarding the behaviour and making users want to continue the habit.(这些网站刺激大脑释放多巴胺，奖励这种行为，并让用户想要继续这个习惯。)”以及最后一段“As a result, many teenagers who spend too much time on social media have difficulty communicating in person because they have trouble understanding others' emotions.( 因此，许多在社交媒体上花费太多时间的青少年在面对面交流时会遇到困难，因为他们难以理解他人的情绪)”可知，本文主要讨论了社交媒体对青少年的负面影响，故选D项。 Passage 5 （2023-2024学年高一下·河北张家口·期末）In the digital age, screen use has become an unavoidable part of family life. A recent study explored the links between parenting strategies and screen use among young teenagers. The study looked at data from more than 10,000 12- and 13-year-olds and their parents, who were asked about their screen-use habits, including texting, social media, video chatting, watching videos and browsing the Internet. The researchers also asked whether their screen use was problematic—for example, whether kids wanted to quit using screens but felt they couldn’t or whether their screen habits affected school work or daily life. One key finding is that one of the biggest predictors of how much time kids spend on screens—and whether that use is problematic—is how much parents themselves use their screens when they are around their kids. “It’s really important to role-model screen behaviors for your children,” says Jason Nagata, lead author of the study, which appears in the journal Pediatric Research. “Even if teens say that they don’t get influenced by their parents, the data does show that, actually, parents are a bigger influence than they may think.” It’s very common for parents like myself to feel guilty about their own screen use, says Jenny Radesky, a developmental behavioral pediatrician and media researcher at the University of Michigan. But instead of beating ourselves up about it, she says, it’s important for parents to realize that just like kids, we too are vulnerable (易受伤害的) to the draws of technology that is deliberately designed to keep us using screens. “We have been asked to parent around an increasingly complex digital ecosystem that’s actively working against our limit-setting”—for ourselves and our kids, she says. But even if parents are fighting against bigger forces designed to keep us glued to screens, that doesn’t mean we are completely helpless. Nagata’s research looked at parenting strategies that worked best to limit screen use specifically among early teenagers because, he notes, this is a time when kids are seeking more independence and because we tend to see kids spending a lot more time on media once they hit their teenage years. 17．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The study results. B．The study process. C．The study purpose. D．The previous study. 18．What can we learn from Radesky’s words? A．Teenagers are heavily influenced by screens. B．Parents should feel guilty about their screen use. C．Technology can be addictive for both kids and parents. D．Parents are helpless against the influence of technology. 19．What does the underlined word “deliberately” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Intentionally. B．Occasionally. C．Traditionally. D．Additionally. 20．What may be talked about in the paragraph following the text? A．The digital challenges parents are faced with. B．The strategies for parents to limit screen time. C．The negative effects of screen time on teenagers. D．The benefits of screen time for good parenting. 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，数字时代屏幕使用普遍，研究发现青少年屏幕使用问题与父母在孩子面前使用屏幕的时间密切相关。研究强调父母作为屏幕行为榜样的重要性，并建议在青少年早期采取限制屏幕使用的策略。 17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study looked at data from more than 10,000 12- and 13-year-olds and their parents, who were asked about their screen-use habits, including texting, social media, video chatting, watching videos and browsing the Internet. The researchers also asked whether their screen use was problematic—for example, whether kids wanted to quit using screens but felt they couldn’t or whether their screen habits affected school work or daily life. (这项研究调查了一万多名12—13岁的孩子及其父母的数据，他们被问及使用屏幕的习惯，包括发短信、社交媒体、视频聊天、看视频和浏览互联网。研究人员还询问了他们使用屏幕是否存在问题——例如，孩子们是否想要停止使用屏幕，但又觉得他们做不到，或者他们的屏幕习惯是否影响了学校工作或日常生活)”可知，本段主要描述了研究的过程，包括调查对象、提问的问题、关注的重点等。故选B项。 18．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But instead of beating ourselves up about it, she says, it’s important for parents to realize that just like kids, we too are vulnerable (易受伤害的) to the draws of technology (但她说，家长们不要为此自责，重要的是要意识到，就像孩子一样，我们也很容易受到科技的影响)”可推知，对孩子和父母来说，科技都可能让人上瘾。故选C项。 19．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“we too are vulnerable (易受伤害的) to the draws of technology (我们也很容易受到科技的影响)”和下文“designed to keep us using screens (旨在让我们一直使用屏幕)”可推知，父母很容易受到科技的影响是因为科技被有意设计成让人无法离开屏幕，画线词意思应该是“有意”，与Intentionally意思一致。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But even if parents are fighting against bigger forces designed to keep us glued to screens, that doesn’t mean we are completely helpless. Nagata’s research looked at parenting strategies that worked best to limit screen use specifically among early teenagers (但是，即使父母正在与那些旨在让我们粘在屏幕上的更大的力量作斗争，这并不意味着我们完全无助。Nagata的研究着眼于最有效的限制屏幕使用的育儿策略，特别是在青少年早期)”可知，此处提及父母实际上并不完全无助，可以采取有效的育儿策略。由此推知，下一段可能会深入探讨这些帮助父母限制屏幕时间的策略。故选B项。 Passage 6 （2023-2024学年高一下·河北保定·期末）Kids are even more in the bag of social media companies than we think. Many of them have given away their online autonomy fully to their phones. For them, the only acceptable online environment is one designed by big tech algorithms (算法). As children’s free time and imaginations become more and more tightly joined to the social media, we need to understand that uncontrolled access to the Internet comes at a cost. This spring, I visited with a group of high school students in Connecticut to have a conversation about the role that social media plays in their daily lives and in their mental health. More children today report feeling depressed, lonely, and disconnected than ever before. There are countless problems with children and teenagers using social media. But the high schoolers with whom I met alerted me to a hidden result of teenagers’ growing addiction to social media: the death of exploration and discovery. Algorithmic recommendations now do the work of discovering and pursuing interests, finding community, and learning about the world. Kids today are, simply put, not learning how to be curious, critical adults—and they don’t seem to know what they’ve lost. We all know the journeys in life matter just as much as the destinations. It is the sweat to get the outcome that makes the outcome more fulfilling and satisfying. What the kids I spoke to did not know is that these algorithms have been designed in a way that unavoidably makes and keeps users unhappy. Social media companies know that content that generates negative feelings holds our attention longer than that which makes us feel good. If you are a teenager feeling bad about yourself, your social media feed will keep delivering you videos and pictures that are likely to produce negative feelings. We should take some measures. Teenagers and kids are to be inspired to determine if we will really be happier as a species when machines and algorithms do all the work for us, or if fulfillment only comes when humans actually do the work, searching and discovering, of being human. 21．We can learn from paragraph 1 that social media companies ______. A．earn a lot of money from kids B．have a great impact on kids C．make kids give away their phones D．provide necessary services to kids 22．According to the author, what is the result of children’s addiction to social media? A．They become more dependent on their phones. B．They feel less depressed and lonely than ever before. C．They are unable to find community and learn about the world. D．They gradually lose the ability to be curious and critical. 23．Why do social media companies prefer content that generates negative feelings? A．It helps them gain more attention from users. B．It makes users feel more satisfied with their products. C．It encourages users to explore and discover new things. D．It promotes the development of artificial intelligence. 24．What should be done to change the current situation? A．Limit the use of social media for children and teenagers. B．Inspire children to complete the work without the help of algorithms. C．Encourage teenagers and children to explore and discover the contentment of life. D．Redesign social media algorithms to make users happier and more fulfilled. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了社交媒体算法对青少年和儿童的影响，特别是它们如何影响孩子们的探索和发现能力，以及由此产生的心理健康问题。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Kids are even more in the bag of social media companies than we think. Many of them have given away their online autonomy fully to their phones. For them, the only acceptable online environment is one designed by big tech algorithms (算法). (孩子们比我们想象的更容易受到社交媒体公司的影响。他们中的许多人已经把上网的自主权完全交给了手机。对他们来说，唯一可以接受的网络环境是由大型科技算法设计的。)”可知，社交媒体公司对孩子们有很大的影响。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“There are countless problems with children and teenagers using social media. But the high schoolers with whom I met alerted me to a hidden result of teenagers’ growing addiction to social media: the death of exploration and discovery. Algorithmic recommendations now do the work of discovering and pursuing interests, finding community, and learning about the world. Kids today are, simply put, not learning how to be curious, critical adults—and they don’t seem to know what they’ve lost. (儿童和青少年使用社交媒体存在无数问题。但我遇到的那些高中生提醒我，青少年越来越沉迷于社交媒体的一个隐藏结果是：探索和发现的死亡。算法推荐现在的工作是发现和追求兴趣，寻找社区和了解世界。简单地说，今天的孩子没有学会如何成为好奇、挑剔的成年人，而且他们似乎不知道自己失去了什么。)”可知，根据作者的观点，儿童沉迷于社交媒体的结果是他们逐渐失去了好奇和批判的能力。故选D项。 23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What the kids I spoke to did not know is that these algorithms have been designed in a way that unavoidably makes and keeps users unhappy. Social media companies know that content that generates negative feelings holds our attention longer than that which makes us feel good. (与我交谈的孩子们不知道的是，这些算法的设计方式不可避免地会让用户不满意。社交媒体公司知道，产生负面情绪的内容比让我们感觉良好的内容更能吸引我们的注意力。)”可知，社交媒体公司更喜欢产生负面情绪的内容，因为这有助于他们获得更多用户的关注。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We should take some measures. Teenagers and kids are to be inspired to determine if we will really be happier as a species when machines and algorithms do all the work for us, or if fulfillment only comes when humans actually do the work, searching and discovering, of being human. (我们应该采取一些措施。青少年和孩子们应该受到启发，去决定，当机器和算法为我们做所有的工作时，我们作为一个物种是否真的会更快乐，或者只有当人类真正去做作为人类的工作，去寻找和发现时，我们才会得到满足。)”可知，应该鼓励青少年和儿童探索和发现生活的满足感来改变现状。故选C项。 Passage 7 （2023-2024学年高一下·江苏常州·期末）My childhood memory is closely connected with hunger. Unable to provide enough food to feed its ever-increasing population, the People’s Republic had to adopt a food ration (定量) system to ensure equal supply of food for three decades—the ration for an adult in an urban area was 15 kilograms of wheat, rice, com or sorghum per month. Many young people today might not understand why I’m talking about hunger when an adult’s monthly quota for food grains was 15kg, especially because half of that would perhaps be enough for them for a month. But that’s all an adult could consume up to the 1970s, because cooking oil, meat, eggs and sugar were strictly controlled. Although the ration system ensured everybody had a share of the available food and prevented starvation deaths, it led to malnutrition (营养不良) among people of every age. On launching reform and opening-up. China realized a major reason for food shortage was farmers not getting their rightful due under the system then. So the government distributed the collectively-owned farmlands to households and farmers. Within years, the farm yield almost doubled, helping China to abandon the food rationing system in 1993. Now, enough food supply and much money have changed Chinese people’s dietary habits. Many youths refuse to learn cooking, arguing that they can source their meals from restaurants or take-out outlets. As a result, one can see thousands of electric bike riders zigzagging the streets to deliver breakfast, lunch or dinner. Paradoxically, Chinn is now battling over-nutrition. One would be lucky to not find a few overweight boys and girls in a class. When I meet with my former classmates, many of whom are overweight or suffering from over-nutrition-related illnesses, we sometimes talk about the “good old food ration days” when almost no one needed to worry about controlling weight. 25．What is the main purpose of China’s adopting a food ration system? A．To feed enough food to people. B．To ensure less waste of food. C．To avoid increase of population. D．To fight against food shortage. 26．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Lacking other nutrition made 15kg food grains not enough for an adult. B．Young people today consume less food grains to avoid overweight problem. C．People in poverty had no access to oil, meat, eggs and sugar in the 1970s. D．The farm yield almost doubled with the development of faring technology. 27．What does the underlined word “Paradoxically” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Consequently. B．Unexpectedly. C．Similarly. D．Reasonably. 28．Why does the author write the article? A．To suggest our country adopting food ration again. B．To advise people to have enough food. C．To record the change in the development of society. D．To introduce a healthy lifestyle to young people. 【答案】25．D 26．A 27．B 28．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国曾经因为食物短缺实施粮食配给制度，而如今却需要与营养过剩作斗争。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“My childhood memory is closely connected with hunger. Unable to provide enough food to feed its ever-increasing population, the People’s Republic had to adopt a food ration (定量) system to ensure equal supply of food for three decades—the ration for an adult in an urban area was 15 kilograms of wheat, rice, com or sorghum per month.(我的童年记忆与饥饿密切相关。由于无法提供足够的食物来养活不断增长的人口，中华人民共和国不得不采取粮食配给制度，以确保三十年的粮食供应——城市地区成年人的口粮是每月15公斤小麦、大米、玉米或高粱)”可知，中国实行粮食配给制度的主要目的是为了应对食物短缺，为人们提供基本的食物。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段“Many young people today might not understand why I’m talking about hunger when an adult’s monthly quota for food grains was 15kg, especially because half of that would perhaps be enough for them for a month. But that’s all an adult could consume up to the 1970s, because cooking oil, meat, eggs and sugar were strictly controlled.(今天的许多年轻人可能不理解为什么我在谈论饥饿，一个成年人每月的粮食配额是15公斤，特别是因为一半的粮食可能足够他们一个月。但直到20世纪70年代，成年人只能吃这么多，因为食用油、肉、蛋和糖都受到严格控制)”可知，缺乏其他营养使得15公斤的粮食对一个成年人来说是不够的。故选A。 27．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Chinn is now battling over-nutrition”以及“When I meet with my former classmates, many of whom are overweight or suffering from over-nutrition-related illnesses, we sometimes talk about the “good old food ration days” when almost no one needed to worry about controlling weight.(当我遇到我以前的同学时，他们中的许多人都超重或患有与营养过剩有关的疾病，我们有时会谈论“美好的旧食物配给时代”，那时几乎没有人需要担心控制体重)”可知，过去中国的食物短缺，没有人需要担心控制体重，而作者没想到如今中国现在正在与营养过剩作斗争。故划线词意思是“没想到，意外地”。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据“When I meet with my former classmates, many of whom are overweight or suffering from over-nutrition-related illnesses, we sometimes talk about the “good old food ration days” when almost no one needed to worry about controlling weight.(当我遇到我以前的同学时，他们中的许多人都超重或患有与营养过剩有关的疾病，我们有时会谈论“美好的旧食物配给时代”，那时几乎没有人需要担心控制体重)”结合文章主要说明了中国曾经因为食物短缺实施粮食配给制度，而如今却需要与营养过剩作斗争。可知，作者写这篇文章是为了记录社会发展的变化。故选C。 Passage 8 （2023-2024学年高一下·江苏徐州·期末）The UK is now the most overweight nation in Europe and the evidence is all around us. As a doctor, I see it daily in practice, dealing with its complications (并发症) ranging from diabetes and high blood pressure to heart disease and cancer. So what are we doing about it? Not enough is the honest answer. First, weight management services, such as mental health guidance, surgery and slimming drugs remain very limited. Also, measures taken in consulting rooms are too often centered around scaring people into action: if you don’t lose weight you will have a heart attack or develop diabetes. Scaring the individual is neither helpful nor effective. Becoming more active is beneficial for many reasons, but exercise alone is not a great way to lose weight, not least because you have to run for at least an hour to burn off a beef pie. Drugs and surgery also have their place but are not required for most overweight people. So I prefer to combine proper exercise with a diet for the best result. But which diet? Often I recommend the low-carb approach, which involves cutting back on sugary drinks and foods, and starches (淀粉) such as rice and bread. I don’t believe there is anything magical about the approach but it has a number of benefits: it seems easier to follow than many other approaches, and it helps lower blood sugar levels for the ten million or so people in the UK who already have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it. Solving the obesity (肥胖) problem involves not only supporting and encouraging the individual, but also changing public health and government policy. Efforts are being made and change is already under way. 29．How does the author illustrate his opinion in paragraph 2? A．By explanation. B．By example. C．By comparison. D．By assumption. 30．What are the benefits of the low-carb approach? A．It helps to reduce body weight quickly. B．It saves patients from drugs and surgery. C．It’s effective and promotes food industry. D．It’s easy to stick to and lowers blood sugar. 31．The main purpose of the passage is A．to provide practical suggestions B．to criticize traditional approaches C．to present the findings of a research D．to analyse the causes of a problem 32．What is the author’s attitude to the future of solving the obesity problem? A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Uncaring. D．Uncertain. 【答案】29．A 30．D 31．A 32．B 【导语】本文的体裁属于说明文。文章主要围绕英国肥胖问题的现状、原因、以及可能的解决方案进行了说明。作者作为医生，从医学实践的角度分析了肥胖问题的严重性，并指出了当前应对措施的不足。随后，作者提出了自己对于解决肥胖问题的看法和建议，包括如何合理饮食和进行适当的运动，以及政府和社会在解决肥胖问题上应该承担的责任。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Not enough is the honest answer. First, weight management services, such as mental health guidance, surgery and slimming drugs remain very limited. Also, measures taken in consulting rooms are too often centered around scaring people into action: if you don’t lose weight you will have a heart attack or develop diabetes. (诚实的回答是不够。首先，体重管理服务，如心理健康指导、手术和减肥药仍然非常有限。此外，咨询室采取的措施往往以吓唬人们采取行动为中心：如果你不减肥，你就会心脏病发作或患上糖尿病。)”可知，作者首先提出了“Not enough is the honest answer.”这一观点，即对于超重问题的应对不够充分。接着，作者来解释这一观点的理由，作者是通过解释的方式来阐述自己的观点的。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段“Often I recommend the low-carb approach, which involves cutting back on sugary drinks and foods, and starches (淀粉) such as rice and bread. I don’t believe there is anything magical about the approach but it has a number of benefits: it seems easier to follow than many other approaches, and it helps lower blood sugar levels for the ten million or so people in the UK who already have type 2 diabetes or are at high risk of developing it. (我经常推荐低碳水化合物的方法，包括减少含糖饮料和食物的摄入，以及米饭和面包等淀粉类食物。我不相信这种方法有什么神奇之处，但它有很多好处：它似乎比许多其他方法更容易遵循，而且它有助于降低英国大约1000万已经患有2型糖尿病或有患2型糖尿病高风险的人的血糖水平。)”可知，低碳饮食法的好处包括比其他方法更容易遵循，并且有助于降低血糖水平。故选D。 31．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The UK is now the most overweight nation in Europe and the evidence is all around us.   As a doctor, I see it daily in practice, dealing with its complications (并发症) ranging from diabetes and high blood pressure to heart disease and cancer.   So what are we doing about it? (英国现在是欧洲超重最严重的国家，证据无处不在。作为一名医生，我每天都在实践中看到它，处理它的并发症，从糖尿病、高血压到心脏病和癌症。那么我们该怎么做呢？)”可知，文章整体上讨论了英国面临的肥胖问题，并提出了一些实际的建议，如改进体重管理服务、采取低碳饮食法等，因此主要目的是提供实用的建议。故选A。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Solving the obesity (肥胖) problem involves not only supporting and encouraging the individual, but also changing public health and government policy. Efforts are being made and change is already under way. (解决肥胖问题不仅需要支持和鼓励个人，还需要改变公共卫生和政府政策。正在作出努力，变革已经开始。)”可知，作者对于解决肥胖问题的未来持积极态度，认为已经在进行中并看到了努力和变化。故选B。 Passage 9 （2023-2024学年高一下·江苏南京·期末）As this year’s graduates prepare to step into the workplace, many are either anxious or scared about the impact of artificial intelligence — particularly large language models such as ChatGPT — on their careers. According to a vote by the BestColleges website, six in ten US college students worry that the use of AI in their studies is lowering the value of earning a degree. Even worse, more than half expect that increasing use of AI in the workplace will further devalue the worth of their studies to potential employers. Fears are very common that women, who are not enough in computing and science degrees, will be kept out of the job market. Right now, company technology departments are mostly male. But the impact of AI on employability may be quite different outside of computer programming, some employers say. The rise of AI is already creating new opportunities for students who have studied liberal subjects (文科). This is particularly true for writing-intensive subjects, such as English and history, that draw more female students than technology and require students to pull together diverse sources of information. That is because the companies that are starting to use AI to deal with customers are hiring writers to produce scripts for chatbots to use. Once graduated, both genders also worry that AI could reshape the job market for entry level work. Early experiments in the economic and professional services industries do suggest that AI tools will change the way marketing, investment banking and legal documents are created. Those changes could free junior employees from boring work. But the more work that is turned over to AI, the fewer jobs will be needed. And most of these jobs now use an apprenticeship (学徒) way, where doing the simple work gives young employees a good place for more important work. Some also worry that the focus on tech will hit workplace diversity efforts. “It is automation at a completely different level, which is why I’m concerned about women. My biggest fear is that women will fall behind again,” says Roya Rahmani, chair of Delphos International, which provides investment markets advisory services. 33．What can we know from the first three paragraphs? A．It may be harder for graduates to find a job. B．It is certain that more women will lose jobs. C．The use of AI makes a degree more valuable. D．The impact of AI gives the graduates more hope. 34．Why do liberal arts students have new opportunities? A．The companies need to deal with customers. B．They are good at gathering diverse information. C．They may have an advantage of writing scripts. D．The subjects they learn are all writing-intensive. 35．What is the concern about the job market for entry level work? A．AI will make the job market more diverse. B．AI will transform the way some work is done. C．AI will make the boring work more interesting. D．AI will give more opportunities to junior employees. 36．What does Roya Rahmani worry about? A．The decrease of workplace diversity. B．The influence of AI on women’s careers. C．The lack of apprenticeship chances for women. D．The application of AI in the investment markets. 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．B 36．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可能导致毕业生找工作更加困难的问题。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a vote by the BestColleges website, six in ten US college students worry that the use of AI in their studies is lowering the value of earning a degree. Even worse, more than half expect that increasing use of AI in the workplace will further devalue the worth of their studies to potential employers.(根据BestColleges网站的一项投票，60%的美国大学生担心，在学习中使用人工智能会降低获得学位的价值。更糟糕的是，超过一半的人预计，在工作场所越来越多地使用人工智能，将进一步降低他们的学习对潜在雇主的价值)”可知，毕业生找工作可能会更难。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段“The rise of AI is already creating new opportunities for students who have studied liberal subjects (文科). This is particularly true for writing-intensive subjects, such as English and history, that draw more female students than technology and require students to pull together diverse sources of information. That is because the companies that are starting to use AI to deal with customers are hiring writers to produce scripts for chatbots to use.(人工智能的兴起已经为学习人文学科的学生创造了新的机会。对于英语和历史等需要大量写作的学科来说尤其如此，这些学科吸引的女学生多于科技，而且要求学生将各种信息来源整合在一起。这是因为那些开始使用人工智能与客户打交道的公司正在雇佣作家来编写脚本，供聊天机器人使用)”可知，文科生有新的机会是因为他们可能有写剧本的优势。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据第五段“Once graduated, both genders also worry that AI could reshape the job market for entry level work. Early experiments in the economic and professional services industries do suggest that AI tools will change the way marketing, investment banking and legal documents are created.(毕业后，男女都担心人工智能可能会重塑入门级工作的就业市场。经济和专业服务行业的早期实验确实表明，人工智能工具将改变营销、投资银行和法律文件的创建方式)”可知，入门级工作的就业市场担忧在于，人工智能将改变一些工作的完成方式。故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据最后一段““It is automation at a completely different level, which is why I’m concerned about women. My biggest fear is that women will fall behind again,” says Roya Rahmani, chair of Delphos International, which provides investment markets advisory services.(“这是一种完全不同程度的自动化，这就是我担心女性的原因。我最担心的是，女性将再次落后，”提供投资市场咨询服务的德尔福国际董事长罗亚•拉赫马尼表示)”可知，罗亚·拉赫马尼担心人工智能对女性职业的影响。故选B。 Passage 10 （2023-2024学年高一下·江苏苏州·期末）Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal to calculating (计算) your household bills. Some people love the challenge of working out maths problems, but many fear the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry. It can seem discouraging, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got tense and nervous doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they worried maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is significant, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love teaching maths, to teach younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear why maths gives rise to so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer might make you more worried about underperforming.” And once we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do. Psychologists (心理学家) have been trying to work out why mental calculation can bring us out in a sweat. That fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears clearly can loosen their hold on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). We need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance. 41．Regarding “maths anxiety” in paragraph 1, the author thinks ______. A．it is unique B．it is formal C．it is common D．it is necessary 42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Girls are better at maths than boys. B．Maths classes are difficult for all students. C．Students’ anxiety results entirely from teachers. D．Confidence in maths needs developing in childhood. 43．What will be a potential result if one thinks he is not a ‘maths person’? A．He will rise to challenges. B．He will learn maths harder. C．He will be doubtful about his ability. D．He will not see maths as a threat. 44．What are children advised to do according to the last paragraph? A．Track sources of maths fear regularly. B．Speak fears out for improvement bravely. C．Explore causes of failure in maths carefully. D．Quit challenges to avoid anxiety actively. 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．C 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了数学焦虑的现象，对于学生特别是女孩，提供好的数学学习榜样非常重要，尤其是要让热爱数学教学的女性来教授年幼的孩子。此外，心理学家正在研究数学焦虑的来源，并建议通过表达恐惧来减轻其影响，鼓励孩子们将数学测试视为挑战而非威胁。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some people love the challenge of working out maths problems, but many fear the moment when they have to deal with numbers and figures and feel a real sense of worry. It can seem discouraging, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly normal, and you’re definitely not alone. (有些人喜欢解决数学题的挑战，但许多人害怕处理数字和数字的时刻，并感到真正的担忧。这似乎令人沮丧，但这种“数学焦虑”是完全正常的，你绝对不是一个人。)”可知，数学焦虑是非常普遍的，并且你绝对不是唯一一个感到焦虑的人。这表明作者认为数学焦虑是常见的。故选C。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be affected. (这个问题在儿童时期，在学校就开始了。研究发现，在教学过程中感到紧张的数学老师会把他们的焦虑传递给学生，而女孩可能更容易受到影响。)”以及“Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is significant, especially at a young age”. She thinks the key is to get people, especially women who love teaching maths, to teach younger children.(波士顿大学奎斯特罗姆商学院的舒拉米特·卡恩告诉BBC，她认为给学生，尤其是女孩树立好榜样‘很重要，尤其是在年轻的时候’。她认为，关键是让人们，尤其是那些热爱数学教学的女性，去教更年幼的孩子。)”可知，数学焦虑通常始于儿童时期，在学校。研究显示，数学教师的焦虑可能会传递给学生，尤其是女孩。这暗示了在儿童时期培养对数学的信心是必要的，因此波士顿大学奎斯特罗姆商学院的舒拉米特·卡恩建议尤其由那些热爱数学教学的女性，去教更年幼的孩子。D选项“Confidence in maths needs developing in childhood.(对数学的信心需要在儿童时期培养。)”与原文表达一致。故选D。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“And once we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we avoid solving things that we probably could do.( 一旦我们认为自己不是一个‘数学人’”，我们就会避免解决我们可能会做的事情。)”可知，一旦我们认为自己不是“数学人”，我们就会避免解决我们可能能够解决的问题。这表明，如果一个人认为自己不是数学人，他可能会对自己的能力产生怀疑。故选C。 44．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“That fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears clearly can loosen their hold on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). We need to think positively about maths and give it a second chance.( 这种恐惧的来源可能有很多，但一些人认为，清楚地表达你的恐惧可以放松它们对你的控制，并鼓励孩子将数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁。我们需要积极地看待数学，给它第二次机会。)”可知，一些心理学家建议，清晰地表达你的恐惧可以减轻它们对你的控制，鼓励孩子们将数学测试视为挑战，而不是威胁。这表明孩子们被建议勇敢地说出他们的恐惧，以求改进。故选B。 Passage 11 （2023-2024学年高一下·浙江宁波·期末）Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 45．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 46．What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 47．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 48．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. 【答案】45．C 46．D 47．C 48．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases.(与此同时，牛奶和鸡蛋等必需品被放在商店的后面，以确保顾客穿过其他过道，有许多不健康的选择，如零食和苏打水，这可能会增加冲动购物的可能性)”可知，超市布局的目的是促进非必要消费。故选C。 46．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.”(里夫斯解释说：“他们非常清楚，当你几次光顾商店并更好地了解每样商品的位置后，这些策略的效果就会降低，所以他们会定期将产品移到不同的过道，让你感到困惑。这种做法不仅限于特定的商店，而是被各种零售连锁店采用。”)”可知，为了提高利润，店主可能会定期重新安排超市的产品布局。故选D。 47．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared.(另一方面，一些购物者自豪地宣称他们从未落入陷阱。“这就是为什么我总是把购物清单放在身上，”另一位购物者分享道)”可推知，带购物清单是避免冲动购物的明智之举。故选C。 48．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it.(你有没有想过超市的通用布局？聪明的设计师在背后，巧妙地引诱你穿过每一条过道，在不知不觉中装满购物车)”以及全文可知，文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。由此推知，文章可能选自一本商业杂志。故选A。 ( 地 城 高频话题 03 环境保护 ) Passage 1 （2023-2024学年高一下·广东潮州·期末）European rabbits might not be much to look at. They have a grayish-brown coat, small ears, and short legs. But these animals are not as ordinary as they seem. European rabbits live in grass habitats. They are somewhat picky eaters. They dig and disturb the ground while they look for food. “Their activities can create areas of bare soil which plants require,” rabbit expert Diana Bell says. Rabbits also contribute nutrients to the soil after they leave their waste there. Researchers have found that this activity benefits lowland grassland habitats, which can help maintain beneficial conditions for many plants, insects, and bird species. Without the help of rabbits, many of these species would have to leave the area or might even die out. But due to threats such as disease, habitat loss, and hunting, the animals are classified as endangered in their native region, the Iberian Peninsula. One disease called myxomatosis (兔瘟) is an insect-spread virus from South America that was on purpose introduced by a farmer in the mid-1950s to control the rabbit population. About 90% of European rabbits died during early outbreaks and the disease continues to affect rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula. To help rabbit populations recover, Bell has suggestions in the habitat recovery project. She is encouraging people to do their part to help protect the rabbits. For instance, people can just create piles of branches and make sloping mounds (斜堆) of soil in their spare time and then the rabbits can find cover. Actions like these won’t take people much energy or time, and over the past three years, researchers have found they are working. “Our work resulted in evidence of rabbit activity in significantly higher numbers,” Bell says. Environmentalists have used other methods to help protect decreasing rabbit populations such as creating wildlife corridors, which are unbroken animal habitats that function like animal high-ways. “Efforts to reintroduce them on the Iberian Peninsula have been largely unsuccessful but we’ve managed to do this in the U. K.” Bell says. 1．What do we know about European rabbits? A．Their appearance makes them unappreciated. B．They play a role in the grassland ecosystem. C．Their digging does harm to the local environment. D．They prefer to cooperate with other species to avoid danger. 2．What can be concluded from the example mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Inappropriate human activity may bring crisis to animals. B．It is unwise to use viruses to control rabbit populations. C．Wild animals adapt themselves slowly to foreign environments. D．People should create more bare soil for European rabbits. 3．Which of the following can best describe Bell’s suggestions on protecting rabbits? A．Useful but expensive. B．Traditional and acceptable. C．Creative but unpopular. D．Simple and effective. 4．What does the author intend to tell us in the text? A．Ways to create a balanced ecosystem. B．Efforts to recover the population of European rabbits. C．Measures to control the spread of European rabbits. D．Reasons why European rabbits like digging. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍欧洲兔对草原生态系统所发挥的作用、其数量下降的原因以及恢复其数量的措施。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第二句“Researchers have found that this activity benefits lowland grassland habitats, which can help maintain beneficial conditions for many plants, insects, and bird species.”(研究人员发现，这种活动有益于低地草原栖息地，有助于维持许多植物、昆虫和鸟类的有利条件)可知，欧洲兔的活动对草原中的植物、昆虫和鸟类等其他生物有利，所以欧洲兔对草原生态系统发挥着一定的作用。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段的第二、三句“One disease called myxomatosis (兔瘟) is an insect-spread virus from South America that was on purpose introduced by a farmer in the mid-1950s to control the rabbit population. About 90% of European rabbits died during early outbreaks and the disease continues to affect rabbit populations on the Iberian Peninsula. (一种名为粘液瘤病的疾病是一种来自南美洲的昆虫传播病毒，由一位农民在20世纪50年代中期故意引入，以控制兔子的数量。大约90%的欧洲兔子在早期疫情中死亡，这种疾病继续影响伊比利亚半岛的兔子种群)”可知，这个农民企图通过病毒控制兔子数量的这种行为是不恰当的，导致兔子濒临灭绝。由这个例子可得出，人类不当的活动可能会给动物带来危机。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段的倒数第二句“Actions like these won’t take people much energy or time, and over the past three years, researchers have found they are working. (这样的行动不会花费人们太多的精力或时间，在过去的三年里，研究人员发现它们正在发挥作用)”可知，贝尔的建议做法不会耗费过多的精力和时间，所以这些做法是简单的，即simple；过去三年里，这些做法正在发挥作用，说明是有效的，即effective。因此，贝尔关于保护兔子的建议是简单有效的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。从全文来看，文章一开始介绍欧洲兔对生态环境所起到的作用，接着提出欧洲兔由于人类不当的活动而濒临灭绝，从而引出贝尔以及环境学家所提出的恢复兔子数量的措施。所以，本文作者主要想告诉我们人们恢复欧洲兔数量所付出的努力。故选B。 Passage 2 （2023-2024学年高一下·广东揭阳·期末）Every year millions of electronics and electrical appliances (家用电器) are thrown away. This e-waste includes cellphones, computers, appliances and medical equipment. If not properly dealt with, e-waste can release (释放) up to 100 different chemicals into the environment. However, less than one quarter of the waste is reused. Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order. About 80 percent of broken electronics are repairable. If anything isn’t done to encourage repairs, e-waste will grow to about 74 million tons by 2030. Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”. Two of the factories opened in Camden and Brent in the spring of 2023. The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. “Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago, and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs, community centers, festivals, universities and other places,” said Fiona Dear, the charity’s co-director. “We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of -order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs.” But the factories may not be enough, according to Dermot, project manager for the Camden branch, who has been repairing things in his whole life. “There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made,” he said. Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary. This change will make the world a greener and safer place. 5．What does the author say about e-waste? A．It is very easy to reuse. B．It is kept under control. C．It grows faster than expected. D．It does not get much attention. 6．What might be the goal of the fixing factories? A．To hold repair parties for people to have a good time. B．To make people take their broken electronics for repairs. C．To encourage people to reduce the use of electronics. D．To produce electronics that can be used for much longer. 7．How does Restart Project work according to the text? A．It offers help and support to factories. B．It holds fixing parties in various places. C．It cooperates with different organizations. D．It instructs people to use electronics wisely. 8．What is a good way to reduce e-waste according to Dermot? A．Producing enough high-quality electronics. B．Improving people’s ability to repair electronics. C．Designing electronics better to make them repairable. D．Building more factories to produce better electronics. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．B 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾日益增多，回收率低，如果不采取任何措施鼓励维修，到2030年，电子垃圾将增长到约7400万吨，两家工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，邀请人们边喝啤酒边修理电子设备，减少电子垃圾，使世界变得更加绿色和安全。 5．推理判断题。由第一段中“However, less than one quarter of the waste is reused. Most people will consider buying new electronics and electrical appliances if the old ones are out of order. (然而，只有不到四分之一的废物被再利用。如果旧的电子产品和电器坏了，大多数人会考虑购买新的)”可知，旧的电子产品和电器坏了，多数人会买新的，只有不到四分之一的电子垃圾被再利用，可得出作者认为电子垃圾没有得到太多的关注。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。由第二段中“Now a new concept is hoping to change the facts on the ground by creating “fixing factories”. (现在，一个新概念希望通过创建“修理厂”来改变现实)”，第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. (这些工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，该项目大约十年前开始举办维修派对。人们被邀请边喝啤酒边修理电子设备)”和第三段中“We hope the local fixing factory will provide an opportunity for people to take their out-of -order electronics or electrical appliances to us for repairs. (我们希望当地的修理厂能为人们提供一个机会，让他们把故障的电子产品或电器带到我们这里进行维修)”可知，修理厂的目标是让人们把损坏的电子产品拿去修理。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。由第二段中“The factories were inspired by the nonprofit Restart Project, which began holding repair parties about ten years ago. People were invited to have their electronics repaired over a cup of beer. (这些工厂受到了非营利组织“重启项目”的启发，该项目大约十年前开始举办维修派对。人们被邀请边喝啤酒边修理电子设备)”和第三段中“Camden is where we ran our first party almost 10 years ago, and we’ve enjoyed bringing our events to pubs, community centers, festivals, universities and other places (卡姆登是我们近10年前举办第一次聚会的地方，我们很喜欢把我们的活动带到酒吧、社区中心、节日、大学和其他地方)”可知，重启项目在不同的地方举行固定聚会，邀请人们边喝啤酒边修理电子设备。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。由第四段中““There need to be huge changes in the way our things are made,” he said. Changes in the industry to make electronics repairable are necessary. This change will make the world a greener and safer place. (他说：“我们的生产方式需要做出巨大的改变。”改变行业以使电子产品可修复是必要的。这一变化将使世界变得更加绿色和安全)”可知，根据Dermot的说法，想要世界变得更加绿色和安全，减少电子垃圾的好方法是更好地设计电子设备，使其易于维修。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2023-2024学年高一下·广东东莞·期末）On 22 April, people across the planet celebrate Earth Day. This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations. There are lots of different events taking place all across the world. Earth Day began in 1970 and since then it has grown strikingly. Although it lasts only one day, many events or activities happen over a week or even a month. The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet. The topic of this year’s Earth Day is Planet vs. Plastics, and the aim is to focus on the harm that plastics cause to the environment, because it takes hundreds of years to break down for plastics. The Earth Day movement is demanding a 60% reduction in the amount of plastics that humans use by 2040. This includes ending the production of single-use plastics completely by 2030. The movement also wants governments to help end fast fashion, which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies. Many of these items, which often end up in rubbish sites, contain plastics. Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events. Students from primary schools, for example, will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods. Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment. The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world, and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events. If you want to be part of it, search for “Earth Day Creative Events”. 9．Why do people celebrate Earth Day each year? A．To promote cultural events. B．To recognize the earth’s beauty. C．To make it known by more people. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 10．What do we know about Earth Day? A．It lasts about a week. B．It calls for continuous efforts. C．It becomes an official holiday. D．It encourages personal growth. 11．What does the underlined phrase “fast fashion” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Items that are of high quality. B．Items that are made of plastics. C．Pretty clothes that are fashionable. D．Low-cost clothing produced rapidly. 12．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A．Libraries are offering creative lectures. B．Schools are praising students’ performances. C．People around the world are protecting Earth. D．People are raising funds for various activities. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．D 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球日并号召大家参与今年地球日活动。 9．推理判断题。由文章第一段“On 22 April, people across the planet celebrate Earth Day. This is a yearly event that marks the achievements of environmental activists and lays stress on the need to protect the environment for future generations. There are lots of different events taking place all across the world.(4月22日，全世界的人们都在庆祝地球日。这是一项一年一度的活动，标志着环境活动家的成就，并强调为子孙后代保护环境的必要性。世界各地都在发生许多不同的事件)”可知，人们每年庆祝地球日以提高人们的环保意识。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。由文章第二段“The Earth Day movement also encourages people to do things all year that will help the planet.(地球日运动还鼓励人们全年都做有助于地球的事情)”可知，地球日呼吁我们的持续努力。故选B项。 11．词句猜测题。由该词后为非限制性定语从句“which refers to cheap clothes that are quickly produced by large companies(指的是大公司快速生产的廉价衣服)”可知，fast fashion指的是“快速生产的低成本服装”。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。由文章倒数第二段“Schools and some social groups across the world take an active part in Earth Day events. Students from primary schools, for example, will pick up rubbish in their neighborhoods. Some libraries in parts of the world run events designed to let people get creative and voice their opinions on the environment.(世界各地的学校和一些社会团体积极参与地球日活动。例如，小学的学生会在他们的社区里捡垃圾。世界各地的一些图书馆举办活动，旨在让人们发挥创造力，表达他们对环境的看法)”和最后一段“The Earth Day website lists activities arranged around the world, and an increasing number of people are registering their own Earth Day events. If you want to be part of it, search for ‘Earth Day Creative Events’.(地球日网站列出了世界各地安排的活动，越来越多的人正在注册自己的地球日活动。如果你想参与其中，可以搜索‘地球日创意活动’)”可知，最后两段主要讲述了世界各地的人们都在积极地保护地球。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2023-2024学年高一下·河北·期末）Climate change is a big problem for corals (珊瑚虫). I dive to find out. By keeping track of corals in French Polynesia, I hope to determine how much stress they’re under. Coral reefs are like underwater cities made up of tiny animals called corals. They are in symbiosis with tiny plants called algae (海藻). The algae make food for the corals using sunlight. This is called photosynthesis (光合作用). In return, corals produce carbon dioxide and waste, which can be used by the algae as raw materials for photosynthesis. In French Polynesia, there’s a place called Moorea where scientists study corals. My colleagues and I use special floating platforms to look at the corals from different angles. This helps us find problems, like when other plants try to take over. Two types of coral, Acropora pulchra and Acropora cytherea, are being studied. The pulchra stays its usual dark yellow color, but the cytherea, which is usually light brown or purple, has turned white. This white color is not good. It happens when the water gets too warm for too long. The corals get stressed and push out the algae. Without the algae, the corals can’t get food and they turn white, which can lead to them dying. When my colleagues and I go diving, we use a plastic sheet to help us look at the corals and write down what we see. We check the water temperature, the color of the corals, and if we see any signs of the corals being in trouble. Some corals seem to be stronger and can handle warmer water better than others. We want to find out why this is, so we can help protect corals. But the best way to help corals is to stop pollution and global warming, which are making the oceans too warm for them. 13．Why does the author keep track of corals? A．He loves sea animals. B．He is crazy about corals. C．He wants to study the survival condition of corals. D．He wants to be free of stress. 14．What does the underlined word “symbiosis” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Competition for resources. B．Living together in harmony. C．In support of the development. D．Improvement without providing benefit. 15．What will happen when the water temperature rises above normal? A．The corals will lose the source of food. B．The coral will stay its purple color. C．Two kinds of coral will turn white. D．Some corals will become stronger. 16．What is the key to protecting corals in the author’s opinion? A．Protecting more sea plants. B．Putting more effort into coral research. C．Reducing pollution and stop global warming. D．Figuring out the relationship between corals and algae. 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．A 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于珊瑚生存条件的研究以及呼吁保护珊瑚。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“By keeping track of corals in French Polynesia, I hope to determine how much stress they’re under.(通过追踪法属波利尼西亚的珊瑚，我希望能确定它们承受了多大的压力)”可知，作者追踪珊瑚是因为他想研究珊瑚的生存条件。故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The algae make food for the corals using sunlight. This is called photosynthesis (光合作用). In return, corals produce carbon dioxide and waste, which can be used by the algae as raw materials for photosynthesis.(藻类利用阳光为珊瑚提供食物。这叫做光合作用。作为回报，珊瑚产生二氧化碳和废物，藻类可以将其用作光合作用的原料)”可知，藻类和珊瑚互相帮助，和睦相处。故划线词意思是“和睦相处”。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“It happens when the water gets too warm for too long. The corals get stressed and push out the algae. Without the algae, the corals can’t get food and they turn white, which can lead to them dying.(当水太热太久时就会发生这种情况。珊瑚受到压力，把藻类挤出来。没有藻类，珊瑚就无法获得食物，它们会变白，这可能导致它们死亡)”可知，当水温超过正常时，珊瑚会失去食物来源。故选A。 16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the best way to help corals is to stop pollution and global warming, which are making the oceans too warm for them.(但帮助珊瑚的最好方法是阻止污染和全球变暖，这使得海洋对它们来说太热了)”可知，在作者看来，保护珊瑚的关键是减少污染，阻止全球变暖。故选C。 Passage 5 （2023-2024学年高一下·河北·期末）After Miles Fetherston-Resch learned that sharks were in trouble, he was confused by how people treated the oceans and the creatures that lived in them. “I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). He would sell things like hats, T-shirts and water bottles made out of recycled materials for a good cause. Before he turned 18, he wanted to raise $1million for ocean conservation organizations. Miles, now 12, is in the business of saving oceans. Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D．C． and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. Madeline Stoddard, Miles’ teacher, said other students in her classroom were inspired by Miles. “It shows that it doesn’t matter how young you are. Everyone can do something to create change,” Madeline said. Miles lives in Florida now. He has loved the ocean for as long as he can remember. He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” 17．Why was the Kids Saving Oceans established? A．To save animals. B．To make big money. C．To protect the oceans. D．To influence the adults. 18．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Olivia was too busy to help her dad. B．Miles and Olivia have the same goal. C．The book is about recycled materials. D．Olivia failed to save the oceans at first. 19．Which of the following can best describe Miles? A．Confident and active. B．Friendly and graceful. C．Inspiring and curious. D．Patient and successful. 20．What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing risked, nothing gained. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了迈尔斯创办了一个名为“拯救海洋的孩子”的组织来保护海洋。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“With the help of his mom, Miles then started an organization called Kids Saving Oceans. What started with $13 from his piggy bank as a 6-year-old boy has grown to $26,000 raised for ocean conservation (保护). (在妈妈的帮助下，迈尔斯创办了一个名为“孩子们拯救海洋”的组织。从他6岁时从储蓄罐里拿出的13美元开始，他已经为海洋保护筹集了2.6万美元。)”可知，成立孩子们拯救海洋是为了保护海洋。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段“Miles has even met with leaders in Washington, D. C. and helped co-write a book called Kids Saving Oceans: Olivia Makes a Difference. “It’s about a kid named Olivia and she doesn’t want to just help her dad in the kitchen. She wants to change the world a little bit so she does her research and finds out the oceans are in trouble. She starts with a basic beach cleanup and it rockets off from there,” Miles said. (迈尔斯甚至会见了华盛顿特区的领导人，并参与撰写了一本名为《孩子们拯救海洋：奥利维亚与众不同》的书。“这是关于一个名叫奥利维亚的孩子，她不想只是在厨房里帮她爸爸。她想改变这个世界，所以她做了一些研究，发现海洋遇到了麻烦。她从基本的海滩清理开始，从那里开始。”迈尔斯说。)”可知，迈尔斯和奥利维亚有相同的目标。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据第一段““I saw a polluted beach,” he said. “The adults are doing something about it. Why can’t I?” (“我看到了一个被污染的海滩，”他说。“大人们正在为此做些什么。我为什么不能呢？”)”以及最后一段“But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” (但对于其他想做这种工作的孩子，他说：“如果你有想法，就去做吧。你能做的最糟糕的事情就是没有成功。这不是损失。”)”可知，迈尔斯自信、积极。故选A。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He said, “Getting into conservation was just kind of personal to me.” But to other kids who want to do this kind of work, he said, “If you have an idea, go for it. The worst thing you can do is have it not work out. And that’s not a loss.” (他说：“进入环保行业对我来说有点私人。”但对于其他想做这种工作的孩子，他说：“如果你有想法，就去做吧。你能做的最$$