专题01 阅读理解（说明文）（一）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（新高考通用）

专题01 阅读理解(说明文)(一) ( 地 城 高频话题 01 语言文化 / 饮食健康 ) Passage 1 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary, expanding from a mere 300 lexemes by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding 1,000 by the age of four, remains a subject of profound enigma. Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this linguistic feat. However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions. An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data — previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables. These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than hitherto presumed. It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made, sophisticated linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words, posits Jessica Sullivan, an adjunct professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,” she articulates, as it presents corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation. The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities inherent to human cognition. Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing billions, if not trillions, of lexical permutations. In stark contrast, human beings manage with a significantly reduced informational intake, as articulated by the principal scribe of the study, Wai Keen Vong. With the appropriate genre of data, the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities. Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics. She remarks that AI research has the potential to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time. “We can harness these paradigms in a salutary manner, to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,” Portelance further elaborates. 1．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research? A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age. B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data. C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations. D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed. 2．What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect. 3．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5? A．Its limitations. B．Its strengths. C．Its uniqueness. D．Its process. 4．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们人类拥有惊人的词汇量，能够快速吸收词汇，从两岁时的 300 个词汇量，到四岁时词汇量超过 1000 个，这仍然是一个谜。然而，研究表明语言习得过程可能比迄今为止所认为的更为简单。研究表明，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。文章主要介绍了机器学习人类语言的优点及其缺陷。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions.(然而，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。)”和第二段中“An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data—previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. (一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是 2013 年和 2014 年期间从一个名叫 Sam 的人那里收集的。)”可知，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，且一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据，由此可知，机器学习领可以从最少的数据中获取词汇。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data—previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. (一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是 2013 年和 2014 年期间从一个名叫 Sam 的人那里收集的。)”和划线单词所在句子“Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables.(虽然这只代表了儿童成长历程的一小部分，但事实证明，这足以prompt人工智能辨别出特定词汇的重要性)”可知，研究人员通过观察一个名为Sam的个体在2013年和2014年收集的61小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据，足以促使AI辨别出特定词汇的意义，由此可知，划线单词意为“促使”，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities.(尽管如此，这项开创性研究的某些方面仍需要进一步研究。这些学者承认，他们的研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制。此外，这项研究的范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词)”可知，第五段主要讨论了新研究的局限性，包括研究范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词，以及研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics.(计算语言学学者伊娃·波特兰斯 (Eva Portelance) 表示，尽管存在这些局限性，但这代表着我们朝着更深刻地理解自身认知能力迈出了一步，最终可能有助于提高人类的教学实践。)”可知，Eva Portelance认为AI研究有助于我们更深刻地理解自身认知能力，并可能有助于提高人类的教学实践，由此可推知，她对AI研究的态度是积极的，故选D。 Passage 2 （2023-2024学年高二下·安徽·期末）In the Roman times and throughout the Middle Ages, salt was a valuable commodity (商品), and also served as “white gold”. Soldiers in the Roman army were sometimes paid with salt instead of money. Their monthly allowance was called “salarium” (“sal” being the Latin word for salt). This Latin root can be recognized in the French word “salaire” and it eventually made it into English as the word “salary”. Language is something we take for granted. However, as the example with the word “salary” shows, languages are not static. Like biological species, languages change over time, and sometimes develop to give rise to several descendant (后代) languages. For example, French, Italian, and Spanish are among the languages that have evolved from Latin. And like species, languages can go extinct, too. Given all these similarities, linguists (语言学家) who study the evolution of languages often use tools that are similar to those used by evolutionary biologists. One such tool is the reconstruction of a species tree. Such a tree shows the evolutionary history and relationships within a given group of biological species. Using a reconstructed species tree, evolutionary biologists can often infer specific characteristics of ancestral species. Or they can match up common ancestors in the tree with actual fossils that have been found by paleontologists (古生物学家). This allows them to put real dates at various branching points in the tree. Thus, species tree reconstruction is an essential tool in studying biological evolution. A similar technique can be used to study language evolution because languages also evolve and consist of words that can be easily compared. Indeed, linguists have reconstructed entire language trees. And as with species trees, characteristics of ancient ancestral languages can be derived (衍生) from them. Of course, there also are some differences between species evolution and language evolution, each requiring unique additional methods to study them in detail. But, overall, it is fascinating to see how the basic ideas and research tools of language evolution are similar to those of biological evolution. 5．Why does the author mention the word “salary” in paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the evolution of language. B．To present the effect of Latin on languages. C．To stress the value of salt in ancient times. D．To show developments in linguistic theory. 6．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Cultural diversity and biodiversity are linked. B．Species and languages have a lot in common. C．Human-caused mass extinction is accelerating. D．Languages influence and learn from each other. 7．What can we know about the reconstructed species tree? A．It is currently in the design stage. B．It facilitates the research of linguists. C．It can be used in a variety of ways. D．It is the first choice for biologists. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Language System Evolved Over Time B．The Twin Extinctions of Species and Languages C．Salt Played a Crucial Role in Early Human History D．From Salt to Salary: Linguists Take a Page from Biology 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了语言进化与生物进化有众多相似之处，语言学家从研究自然物种演变的“物种树”中获取灵感，创建了“语言树”。 5．推理判断题。第一段介绍了英语中的“salary”一词的由来。下文介绍了语言进化同物种进化之间的相似性，这种相似性启发语言学家创建类似于物种树的语言树，帮助推进语言研究。由此可推断，作者在第一段提及“salary”是为了说明语言在不断演变。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like biological species, languages change over time, and sometimes develop to give rise to several descendant (后代) languages. For example, French, Italian, and Spanish are among the languages that have evolved from Latin. And like species, languages can go extinct, too.(就像生物物种一样，语言随着时间的推移而改变，有时会发展出几种后代语言。例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语就是从拉丁语演变而来的语言之一。而且和物种一样，语言也可能灭绝)”可知，就像生物物种一样，语言会随着时间的推移而变化，有时会“物种化”，产生几种后代语言。就像物种一样，语言也会灭绝。由此可推断，物种和语言有很多相似之处。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三、四、五段内容可知，语言进化与生物进化有很多相似之处，因此，一些语言学家经常使用与进化生物学家使用的工具相似的工具。物种树是帮助进化生物学家研究生物进化的重要工具，同时也为语言学家提供了灵感，促进了语言学家的研究。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。作者在第一段以英语中的“salary”一词的例子说明了语言也在进化，进而在下文介绍物种和语言有很多相似之处，物种树启示语言学家创建语言树来推动语言的研究。D项能概括本文大意。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2023-2024学年高二下·河南安阳·期末）Language gradually shifts over time. Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little deals with the forces of human cognitive（认知的）selection that fix certain words into the dictionary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. In an experiment much like a game of telephone, thousands of participants read English-language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others. Only certain words from the first stories survived in the final versions. Researchers analyzed the word types speakers consistently favored, theorizing that such preferences drive language change over time. The scientists also separately analyzed two large collections of English historical texts from the past two centuries, containing more than 40 billion words — again seeing only certain types survive. The results show three features that give words an “evolutionary（进化的）advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age (such as "hand" "uncle" or "today") are stabler. Next, concrete words remain better than abs tract ones: "dog" persists longer than "animal", which persists longer than "organism". Lastly, emotionally exciting words — whether negative or positive — tend to continue to exist. Early language-evolution models assumed that language becomes increasingly complex over time. But Indiana University Bloomington cognitive scientist Fritz Breithaupt says the new study supports a more recent theory that language finally gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, "the English language is not baby talk." Breithaupt explains: "We shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need." New words that address the complexity of modern life may somewhat balance out this shift. 9．What is the purpose of the new study? A．To find out why language gradually shifts over time. B．To present society is a key factor in language change. C．To identify how cognitive selection affects language change. D．To figure out what words are easily included in the dictionary. 10．What were the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Play games on the phone. B．Read stories to other participants. C．Rewrite what they read for others. D．Analyze the words they prefer to use. 11．Which words have the most evolutionary advantage according to the new study? A．Head, imagination and happy. B．Mouth, horse and disappointed. C．Insect, fortune and competition. D．Soccer, organism and adventure. 12．What is Fritz Breithaupt's attitude towards the new study? A．Tolerant. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【答案】9．C 10．C 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究揭示了语言演变的认知驱动力，通过类似“传话游戏”的实验与历史文本分析，发现早年习得、具体而非抽象、及情感激发的词汇更具进化优势，支持了语言朝向更高效易懂发展的现代理论，尽管英语依然保留复杂性以适应现代生活需求。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little deals with the forces of human cognitive（认知的）select ion that fix certain words into the dictionary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. (许多研究考察了社会和环境因素如何影响语言变化，但很少涉及将某些单词固定在词典中的人类认知选择的力量。在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表的一项广泛的新研究中，科学家们对此进行了调查。)”可知，科学家们在美国国家科学院院刊上发表了一项广泛的新研究，正是为了研究这个问题。即科学家们研究了影响语言变化的人类认知选择的力量。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。 根据第二段的“In an experiment much like a game of telephone, thousands of participants read English-language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others.(在一个类似于电话游戏的实验中，数千名参与者阅读英语故事，并将其重写以供其他参与者阅读，然后由其他参与者为其他人重写。)”可知，参与者需要重写自己读过的故事。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段“The results show three features that give words an “evolutionary（进化的）advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age (such as "hand" "uncle" or "today") are stabler. Next, concrete words remain better than abs tract ones: "dog" persists longer than "animal", which persists longer than "organism". Lastly, emotionally exciting words—whether negative or positive—tend to continue to exist. (研究结果显示，有三个特征通过帮助单词在大脑中停留来赋予它们“进化优势”：首先，通常在早期习得的单词（如“手”、“叔叔”或“今天”）更稳定。接下来，具体的单词仍然比腹肌单词更好：“狗”比“动物”更持久，“动物”比“有机体”更持久。最后，情绪激动的词语——无论是消极的还是积极的——往往会继续存在。)”可知，有三种特质的词语有进化优势：在很小的时候习得的单词，具体的单词和让人情感激动的单词。故选B项。 12．推理判断题。 根据第四段的“But Indiana University Bloomington cognitive scientist Fritz Breithaupt says the new study supports a more recent theory that language finally gets more efficient and easier to understand. (但印第安纳大学布卢明顿分校的认知科学家Fritz Breithaupt表示，这项新研究支持了一个更新的理论，即语言最终变得更高效、更容易理解。)”可推断， Fritz Breithaupt对此研究表示支持。故选D项。 Passage 4 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖北咸宁·期末）All authorities on the style of English essays agree that good writing is brief. Careful writers say what they mean in as few words as possible. A classic statement of this principle appears in the famous little book of William Strunk, Jr., and E. B．White, The Elements of Style: “Vigorous (有力的) writing is brief. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.” It follows that any words which perform no useful function in the sentence — that is, which add nothing to the meaning — should be edited out. Almost every text that has been translated into English from Chinese,(or that has been written directly in English by a native speaker of Chinese) contains unnecessary words. Draft translations are commonly full of them, and even polished final versions are rarely free of them. Read anything that has been published in English for foreign readers — a magazine article, a news story, an advertisement — and you are likely to find unnecessary words. Read even the shortest of English texts — the label on a food product, a billboard on the street,’:  company name on the front of a building — and, if you are on the alert to recognize the chances are that you will find words that could and should have been left out. Unnecessary words are the typical quality of Chinglish. Unnecessary words can be any part of speech — nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverb prepositions, articles (冠词), and so on. In the following chapters we shall consider the important types, starting with unnecessary nouns and verbs, which often go hand in hand. 13．What does the book The Elements of Style advocate? A．A sentence should be as short as possible. B．Unnecessary words shouldn’t be in a sentence. C．A drawing should have vivid colors. D．A machine should function perfectly. 14．What is the main idea of the last three paragraphs? A．Unnecessary words is a common issue. B．Only Chinglish contains unnecessary words. C．Readers should be careful about unnecessary words. D．Polished sentences could avoid unnecessary words. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards unnecessary words? A．Tolerant. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain. 16．According to the text, which of the following doesn’t contain unnecessary words? A．... to accelerate the speed of economic reform. B．... there have been good harvests in agriculture. C．We should adopt a series of measures to ensure that. D．... living standards in urban and rural areas continued to rise. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．B 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英文写作中多余的词的问题，列举了哪些词是多余的词。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.(一个句子不能有多余的单词，一个段落不能有多余的句子，就像一幅画不能有多余的线条，一台机器不能有多余的零件一样)”可知，《风格的要素》这本书提倡不需要的词不应该出现在句子里。故选B。 14．主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Almost every text that has been translated into English from Chinese,(or that has been written directly in English by a native speaker of Chinese) contains unnecessary words.(几乎每一篇从中文翻译成英文的文章(或由以中文为母语的人直接用英文写成的文章)都含有不必要的词)”；倒数第二段“Read anything that has been published in English for foreign readers—a magazine article, a news story, an advertisement—and you are likely to find unnecessary words.(阅读任何为外国读者发表的英文文章——一篇杂志文章、一篇新闻报道、一则广告——你很可能会发现不必要的单词)”以及最后一段“Unnecessary words can be any part of speech—nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverb prepositions, articles (冠词), and so on.(不需要的词可以是言语的任何部分——名词、动词、形容词、副词介词、冠词等等)”可知，最后三段的主旨是多余的单词是一个常见的问题。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the following chapters we shall consider the important types, starting with unnecessary nouns and verbs, which often go hand in hand.(在接下来的章节中，我们将考虑重要的类型，从不必要的名词和动词开始，它们通常是齐头并进的)”可知，作者认为多余的词语至关重要。故选B。 16．细节理解题。根据第三段“It follows that any words which perform no useful function in the sentence—that is, which add nothing to the meaning—should be edited out.(由此可见，任何在句子中不起任何作用的词——也就是说，对句子的意思没有任何增加作用的词——都应该被删去)”最后一段“Unnecessary words can be any part of speech—nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverb prepositions, articles (冠词), and so on.(不需要的词可以是言语的任何部分——名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词等等)”可知，A选项名词speed多余、B选项agriculture 多余；C选项that多余，D选项不包含不必要的单词。故选D。 Passage 5 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江湖州·期末）Americans are drinking less milk today than they did 40 years ago. In fact, Americans are drinking about 40 percent less than they did in 1975. This decrease has led the United States dairy industry to explore new ways to get people to drink milk. One method it is testing: Help to set up coffee bars in US high schools. The schools prepare coffee drinks in different ways, but milk is always the main ingredient in lattes (拿铁咖啡). That is why Midwest Dairy is providing financial help for a coffee bar at a high school in the Fort Zumwalt, Missouri during the upcoming schoolyear. In exchange, the group will get data on how much milk is used for the lattes, as well as other information about food products with dairy. Dairy groups have provided money for high schools in many states. At a high school in North Dakota, for example, an endowment given by a dairy group helped pay for a coffee machine. The device makes lattes with about 0. 23 liters of milk each. The drinks used around 2 000 liters of milk this past school year. Not all high school coffee bars get money from dairy groups. Even then, the money may only cover a small amount of the costs. But school food operators say lattes give American teenagers another reason to stay on school grounds. While dairy is a good way to get calcium and vitamin D, it is not the only way to get such nutrients, says Doctor Natalie Muth. She is a childcare specialist and representative for the American Academy of Pediatrics. As for lattes, Muth says there are ways to persuade students to get the nutrients of milk without promoting caffeine use. 17．Why are US hich school students encouraged to drink coffee? A．To consume milk. B．To keep them healthy. C．To test a new mixed drink. D．To compare coffee with milk. 18．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “endowment” in Paragraph 3? A．Loan. B．Donation. C．Equipment. D．Scholarship. 19．What do school food operators think of coffee in school? A．It is harmful to students B．It is popular among students. C．It benefits students’ health a lot. D．It is a good way to make money 20．What's Muth’s attitude toward the coffee bars in school? A．Supportive. B．Grateful. C．Disapproving D．Understanding 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是说明文。具体介绍了美国乳制品行业为了促进牛奶消费而在高中设立咖啡吧这一举措的背景、实施方式、效果以及对此的一些看法。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Americans are drinking less milk today than they did 40 years ago. In fact, Americans are drinking about 40 percent less than they did in 1975. This decrease has led the United States dairy industry to explore new ways to get people to drink milk. One method it is testing: Help to set up coffee bars in US high schools.(美国人现在喝的牛奶比40年前要少。事实上，美国人的饮用量比1975年减少了40%。这种减少促使美国乳制品行业探索让人们喝牛奶的新方法。它正在测试的一种方法是：帮助在美国高中开设咖啡吧)”可知，美国高中生被鼓励喝咖啡是为了让他们喝牛奶。故选A项。 18．词义猜测题。根据前文“Dairy groups have provided money for high schools in many states.(乳制品集团为许多州的高中提供了资金)”以及“given by a dairy group helped pay for a coffee machine.(一家乳品集团帮助购买了一台咖啡机)”可知，应是“一家乳品集团捐赠的一笔资金帮助购买了一台咖啡机”符合语境，所以推知endowment应是“捐赠”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段“Not all high school coffee bars get money from dairy groups. Even then, the money may only cover a small amount of the costs. But school food operators say lattes give American teenagers another reason to stay on school grounds.(并不是所有的高中咖啡吧都从乳制品集团那里获得资金。即便如此，这笔钱可能也只能支付一小部分费用。但学校食品经营者表示，拿铁给了美国青少年留在学校的另一个理由)”可知，学校食品经营者认为拿铁给了美国青少年留在学校的另一个理由，所以认为它在学生中很流行。故选B项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While dairy is a good way to get calcium and vitamin D, it is not the only way to get such nutrients, says Doctor Natalie Muth. She is a childcare specialist and representative for the American Academy of Pediatrics. As for lattes, Muth says there are ways to persuade students to get the nutrients of milk without promoting caffeine use.(Natalie Muth医生说，虽然乳制品是获得钙和维生素D的好方法，但并不是获得这些营养的唯一途径。她是一名儿童保育专家，也是美国儿科学会的代表。至于拿铁，Muth说，有一些方法可以说服学生在不促进咖啡因使用的情况下获得牛奶的营养)”可知，Muth认为有一些方法可以说服学生在不促进咖啡因使用的情况下获得牛奶的营养，所以推知，Muth对学校的咖啡吧是不赞同的。故选C项。 Passage 6 （2023-2024学年高二下·河南濮阳·期末）The first U. S. cookbook was published in 1796, and since then, they have provided insight into different times in American history. Cookbooks tell us what foods were available during the period the books were written. If you see a lot of recipes for things that are preserved for pickles (腌菜), you know that you’re looking at a time without refrigeration. In the late 1860s, many recipes started paying more attention to food bacteria concerns and healthy-seeming foods, reflecting society’s growing knowledge of both subjects. Cookbooks show that meal planning changed in the 1930s, when refrigerators became more common in American homes. Early cookbooks were also lifestyle guides. So, there were not only some recipes for food, but recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child were poisoned, how to clean, and how to get spots out. Cookbooks became more diversified and regional after the Civil War. Southern writers, and some Northern writers, began publishing cookbooks in an attempt to memorialize, and beautify, the American South. They became very successful and they really helped to develop a sense of what southern hospitality was. Community cookbooks, edited by more than one person, often as a fundraiser or for charity, ultimately provide insight into what middle-class Americans were eating at a given time, as well as a statement about neighborhoods and groups. Cookbooks, however, sort of stop being a comprehensive reflection of society now. You really have to think about the publishing world and who it is, where it is, and what it wants. The publishing world doesn’t necessarily have the goal of representing the truth of Americans because it wants to make money. But publishing’s control of the storytelling has loosened. Social media and food blogs have led to the freedom of conversations around food, recipes and cooking, giving consumers more power. But that doesn’t mean that the golden age of cookbooks is over. Cookbooks are still one of the most popular books out there and are purchased regularly. They’re very good to give as gifts. They’re very, very popular because they’re sort of neutral (中立的). And everyone loves a cookbook, especially with beautiful pages. 21．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．There are always recipes to make pickles in cookbooks. B．Refrigerators first entered American homes in the 1930s. C．People ate more healthy foods in the late 1860s than now. D．The cooking method changes as the equipment improves. 22．What does the fourth paragraph mainly focus on? A．The variety of cookbooks. B．The popularity of cookbooks. C．The limitations of cookbooks. D．The editors of cookbooks. 23．What weakens the power of cookbooks now? A．New media. B．Picky consumers. C．Outdated content. D．Economic downturn. 24．What does the author say about U. S. cookbooks? A．They are all about some recipes for food. B．They are still appealing for their objective description. C．They are the voice of middle-class Americans. D．They are purchased more easily online now. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．A 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了美国食谱对人们的影响。 21．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If you see a lot of recipes for things that are preserved for pickles (腌菜), you know that you’re looking at a time without refrigeration.(如果你看到很多关于腌制泡菜的食谱，你就知道你看到的是一段没有冷藏的时间。)”和“Cookbooks show that meal planning changed in the 1930s, when refrigerators became more common in American homes.( 烹饪书显示，20世纪30年代，当冰箱在美国家庭中变得更加普遍时，饮食计划发生了变化。)”可推断出，烹饪方法随着设备的改进而变化。故选D。 22．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“Cookbooks became more diversified and regional after the Civil War. Southern writers, and some Northern writers, began publishing cookbooks in an attempt to memorialize, and beautify, the American South. They became very successful and they really helped to develop a sense of what southern hospitality was. Community cookbooks, edited by more than one person, often as a fundraiser or for charity, ultimately provide insight into what middle-class Americans were eating at a given time, as well as a statement about neighborhoods and groups.(内战后，烹饪书变得更加多样化和地域性。南方作家和一些北方作家开始出版烹饪书，试图纪念和美化美国南方。他们非常成功，他们真的帮助人们了解了南方的好客之道。社区烹饪书由不止一个人编辑，通常是作为筹款活动或慈善活动，最终提供了对特定时间美国中产阶级饮食的见解，以及对社区和群体的声明。)”可知，主题句是“Cookbooks became more diversified and regional after the Civil War.”可知，本段说明烹饪书的多样性。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Social media and food blogs have led to the freedom of conversations around food, recipes and cooking, giving consumers more power.(社交媒体和美食博客带来了围绕食物、食谱和烹饪的自由对话，给了消费者更多的权力。)”可知，新媒体的出现削弱了烹饪书的话语权。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Cookbooks are still one of the most popular books out there and are purchased regularly. They’re very good to give as gifts. They’re very, very popular because they’re sort of neutral (中立的). And everyone loves a cookbook, especially with beautiful pages. (烹饪书仍然是最受欢迎的书籍之一，而且经常被购买。它们很适合作为礼物送人。它们非常非常受欢迎，因为它们有点中性。每个人都喜欢烹饪书，尤其是有漂亮页面的。)”可知，作者认为烹饪书如今因为它们客观的描述依然受欢迎。故选B。 Passage 7 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖北·期末）Climate breakdown is always changing the taste and quality of beer, scientists have warned. The quantity and quality of hops (啤酒花), a key ingredient in most be, is being affected by global heating, according to a study. As a result, beer may become more expensive and manufacturers will have to adapt their brewing (酿造) methods. Researchers forecast that hop yields in European growing regions will fall by 4 — 18% by 2050 if farmers do not adapt to hotter and drier weather, while the content of alpha acids in the hops, which gives beers their distinctive taste and smell, will fall by 20 — 31%. “Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change, either in the price tag or the quality,” said Miroslav Trnka, a scientist at the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and co-author of the study, published in the journal Nature Communications. “That seems to be inevitable from our data.” Beer, the third-most popular drink in the world after water and tea, is usually flavoured with aromatic (芳香的) hops grown mostly in the middle latitudes that are sensitive to changes in light, heat and water. In recent years, demand for high-quality hops has been pushed up by a boom in craft beers with stronger flavors. But emissions of planet-heating gases are putting the plant at risk, the study found. In Germany, the second-biggest hop producer in the world, average hop yields have fallen, the study found. Beer-brewing in central Europe dates back to thousands of years and is a cornerstone of the culture. The study found the alpha acid content of hops, which give beer its distinct aroma, had fallen in all regions. Andreas Auernhammer, a hop farmer in Spalt in southern Germany, said the total rainfall in his fields had changed little but that now “the rain does not come at the right time”. 25．Which one is NOT an influential factor affecting the flavor and price of beer? A．Climate shifts and greenhouse gases emissions. B．Adaptation to new planting methods among farmers. C．Geographical location and sensitivity of hops. D．The decline in hop yields. 26．What does the underlined word “inevitable” mean in Paragraph 3? A．incapable. B．affordable. C．unavoidable. D．valuable 27．Which statement is FALSE? A．Hops are vitally necessary ingredient in most beers. B．It tends to rain less in European hops growing regions. C．Beer producing has a long history in Germany. D．Alpha acid content of hops had greatly decreased in the world. 28．The purpose of the passage is__________. A．to emphasize the environmental influence on hops B．to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection C．to help hop farmers make more profits D．to save hop production from global warming 【答案】25．B 26．C 27．D 28．A 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要描述了全球变暖对啤酒花产量产生了很大的影响，从而改变了啤酒的味道和质量，希望人们能及时应对。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Climate breakdown is always changing the taste and quality of beer, scientists have warned. The quantity and quality of hops（啤酒花）, a key ingredient in most be, is being affected by global heating, according to a study.”（科学家警告称，气候变化一直在改变啤酒的味道和质量。根据一项研究，啤酒花是大多数啤酒的关键成分，其数量和质量正受到全球变暖的影响。）、第二段“Researchers forecast that hop yields in European growing regions will fall by 4—18% by 2050 if farmers do not adapt to hotter and drier weather, while the content of alpha acids in the hops, which gives beers their distinctive taste and smell, will fall by 20—31%.”（研究人员预测，如果农民不适应炎热干燥的天气，到2050年，欧洲种植区的啤酒花产量将下降4-18%，而啤酒花中赋予啤酒独特味道和气味的阿尔法酸含量将下降20-31%。）第四段“Beer, the third-most popular drink in the world after water and tea, is usually flavoured with aromatic (芳香的) hops grown mostly in the middle latitudes that are sensitive to changes in light, heat and water. In recent years, demand for high-quality hops has been pushed up by a boom in craft beers with stronger flavors. But emissions of planet-heating gases are putting the plant at risk, the study found.(啤酒是世界上仅次于水和茶的第三种最受欢迎的饮料，通常用芳香啤酒花调味，这些啤酒花大多生长在中纬度地区，对光、热和水的变化很敏感。近年来，口味较重的精酿啤酒的繁荣推动了对高品质啤酒花的需求。但研究发现，使地球升温的气体排放正使该工厂处于危险之中。)”和第五段“In Germany, the second-biggest hop producer in the world, average hop yields have fallen, the study found. (研究发现，在世界第二大啤酒花生产国德国，啤酒花的平均产量已经下降。)”“ The study found the alpha acid content of hops, which give beer its distinct aroma, had fallen in all regions.(研究发现，啤酒花的α酸含量在所有地区都有所下降，啤酒花是啤酒独特香气的来源。)”可知，气候变化、温室气体排放、地理位置和啤酒花的敏感性以及啤酒花产量下降都会影响啤酒的风味和价格，而农民适应新种植方法不是影响因素。故选B。 26．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change, either in the price tag or the quality,”（啤酒饮用者肯定会看到气候变化，无论是在价格标签上还是在质量上，）中的“definitely”和划线词所在句“That seems to be inevitable from our data.”（从我们的数据来看，这似乎是inevitable。）可知，这应该是肯定的，不可避免的，故inevitable表示“不可避免的”。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据第五段“In Germany, the second-biggest hop producer in the world, average hop yields have fallen, the study found. (研究发现，在世界第二大啤酒花生产国德国，啤酒花的平均产量已经下降。)”可知，文章只是提到德国啤酒花的阿尔法酸含量下降，并未提及全世界的情况，D 选项说法错误。故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Climate breakdown is always changing the taste and quality of beer, scientists have warned. The quantity and quality of hops（啤酒花）, a key ingredient in most be, is being affected by global heating, according to a study.”（科学家警告称，气候变化一直在改变啤酒的味道和质量。根据一项研究，啤酒花是大多数啤酒的关键成分，其数量和质量正受到全球变暖的影响。）及全文可知，文章主要围绕气候变化对啤酒花的影响展开，介绍了啤酒花的产量、质量以及其中的阿尔法酸含量等因气候变化而发生的变化，还提到了德国啤酒花种植的情况。其目的在于着重强调环境变化对啤酒花的影响。故选A。 Passage 8 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）A significant proportion of the American populace within the working-age demographic are encountering challenges in meeting the financial demands associated with health care, as per a recent comprehensive evaluation. This study, which is the inaugural edition of the Health Care Affordability Survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund, reveals that a substantial 51 percent of adults falling within the age bracket of 19 to 64 years have expressed that affording health care for themselves and their family is either exceedingly challenging or moderately difficult. This observation encompasses 43 percent of individuals who are beneficiaries of health insurance provided by their employers and an even higher 57 percent who have secured health insurance through a marketplace or have opted for an individual plan. Additionally, it is noteworthy that nearly one-half of the working-age adults who are under the Medicare program and 45 percent of those who are recipients of Medicaid also admit to facing hardships in covering their health care expenses. It is particularly striking that a majority, specifically 65 percent, of working-age adults have indicated that the escalation in the cost of various goods and services over the past year has had a detrimental impact on their capacity or that of their family to manage health care expenses. The aforementioned survey, which is based on a sample that is representative of the nation and comprises nearly 7,900 individuals who are 19 years of age or older, was carried out from the mid-point of April through the month of July in the current year. This survey follows on the heels of another analysis conducted by the research entity known as KFF, which demonstrated an upward trend in the costs associated with health insurance for employer-sponsored plans as well as an increase in the contributions made by workers towards these plans in the year 2023. The newly disseminated analysis has further unearthed that 38 percent of the individuals who participated in the survey identified cost as the primary factor that led them or a family member to either forgo or postpone the receipt of necessary health care services or the procurement of prescribed medication within the last 12 months. This includes 29 percent of those who are under the protection of employer-based coverage, 37 percent who are insured through individual and marketplace health plans, 42 percent who are covered by Medicare, and 39 percent who are recipients of Medicaid. Furthermore, it is observed that more than six-tenths of the individuals who are devoid of any form of health insurance have reported that they or a family member have had to delay or forgo medical care due to financial constraints. Among all those who have reported such instances of skipping or delaying care, a considerable 57 percent have stated that a health issue has consequently deteriorated. 29．How does the article present Americans’ health care payment situation? A．By citing data. B．By giving examples. C．By giving reasons. D．By making comparisons. 30．What leads to most working-age Americans’ difficulty in paying health care costs? A．Their heavy debt. B．Unemployment. C．Higher cost of living. D．Higher health care payment. 31．What may the underlined phrase in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Declined. B．Climbed up. C．Remained stable. D．Kept uncertain. 32．What may happen to those who lacked any type of health insurance? A．They may get worse if they have health problems. B．They are sure to obtain help from the government. C．They may have to skip or delay any health problems. D．They may not get affected with any diseases. 【答案】29．A 30．C 31．B 32．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国处于工作年龄的人口在医疗保健费用方面的困境。调查显示，过半数成年人发现为家庭提供医疗保健具有挑战性，尤其是那些通过市场或个人计划获得保险的人。此外，参与医疗保险和医疗补助的人也面临支付困难。生活成本上涨加剧了这一问题，导致许多人因经济原因放弃或推迟必要的医疗服务。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段中“a substantial 51 percent (高达51%)”、“43 percent (43%)”、“an even higher 57 percent (更高的57%)”、第三段中“nearly one-half (近一半)”、“45 percent (45%)”、“65 percent (65%)”以及第五段中“38 percent (38%)”、“29 percent (29%)”、“37 percent (37%)”、“42 percent (42%)”和“39 percent (39%)”可知，文章通过引用众多数据来呈现美国人的医疗保健支付状况。故选A项。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is particularly striking that a majority, specifically 65 percent, of working-age adults have indicated that the escalation in the cost of various goods and services over the past year has had a detrimental impact on their capacity or that of their family to manage health care expenses. (特别引人注目的是，大多数，特别是65%的处于工作年龄的成年人表示，过去一年各种商品和服务成本的上涨对他们或其家庭管理医疗费用的能力产生了不利影响)”可知，较高的生活成本导致大多数处于工作年龄的美国人难以支付医疗费用。故选C项。 31．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的下文“as well as an increase in the contributions made by workers towards these plans in the year 2023 (以及到2023年，工人对这些计划的缴款也会增加)”可知，工人缴款增加和前面的趋势是并列关系，再结合“in the costs associated with health insurance for employer-sponsored plans (与雇主赞助计划的医疗保险相关的费用)”可推知，这一费用是呈现上升趋势，画线部分意为“呈上升趋势”，与Climbed up“逐渐上升”意思一致。故选B项。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Furthermore, it is observed that more than six-tenths of the individuals who are devoid of any form of health insurance have reported that they or a family member have had to delay or forgo medical care due to financial constraints. Among all those who have reported such instances of skipping or delaying care, a considerable 57 percent have stated that a health issue has consequently deteriorated. (此外，可以观察到，在没有任何形式的健康保险的人中，超过六分之一的人报告说，他们或家庭成员由于经济拮据不得不推迟或放弃医疗服务。在报告此类不护理或延迟护理的所有人中，有57%的人表示，健康问题因此恶化)”可知，那些缺乏任何类型的健康保险的人在有健康问题时，情况可能会变得更糟。故选A项。 Passage 9 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东·期末）Dr. William Farber, a forward-thinking veterinarian, is not one to be swayed by the skepticism of his peers. After performing acupuncture on a rabbit, he asserts, “I am not crazy,” and instead considers himself to be “ahead of my time.” Despite occasional ridicule from coworkers due to his unconventional methods, Farber is confident in the effectiveness of his approach. Farber, an alumnus of Colorado State University, initially followed a more traditional veterinary path. His interest in alternative treatments was piqued 20 years ago when he experienced severe back pain. After finding little relief from muscle-relaxing drugs, he turned to acupuncture — an ancient Chinese therapeutic practice — and was pleasantly surprised by the improvement he experienced after just a few sessions. This personal success inspired him to explore these techniques further, leading him to integrate them into his veterinary practice after a couple of years of study. Farber’s holistic approach to veterinary medicine, which combines traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic, and herbal medicine, has yielded positive outcomes for his patients. Leigh Tindale’s dog, Charlie, who suffered from a serious heart condition, was given an additional five months of life thanks to Farber’s treatments, which significantly alleviated Charlie’s suffering. Similarly, Priscilla Dewing noticed that her horse, Nappy, enjoyed improved mobility and comfort after receiving a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is optimistic about the future of holistic veterinary medicine, and the growth in membership of the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association — from 30 in 1982 to over 700 today — suggests that his optimism may be well-founded. He expresses his commitment to his work, saying, “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well. I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” His dedication to finding the most effective treatments for animals, whether traditional or holistic, underscores his commitment to his profession and the well-being of the animals he treats. 33．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 34．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 35．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 36．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了William Farber将中国的针灸应用于宠物实践。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Despite occasional ridicule from coworkers due to his unconventional methods, Farber is confident in the effectiveness of his approach.(尽管法伯的非常规方法偶尔会受到同事的嘲笑，但他对自己方法的有效性充满信心)”可知，一些同事认为Farber的方法不同寻常，可能会认为他有点奇怪。故选A。34．细节理解题。根据第二段“This personal success inspired him to explore these techniques further, leading him to integrate them into his veterinary practice after a couple of years of study.(这一个人成功激励他进一步探索这些技术，经过几年的学习，他将这些技术融入到他的兽医实践中)”可知，Farber 作为病人从针灸中受益，这促使他尝试将其用于宠物。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Farber’s holistic approach to veterinary medicine, which combines traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic, and herbal medicine, has yielded positive outcomes for his patients. Leigh Tindale’s dog, Charlie, who suffered from a serious heart condition, was given an additional five months of life thanks to Farber’s treatments, which significantly alleviated Charlie’s suffering. Similarly, Priscilla Dewing noticed that her horse, Nappy, enjoyed improved mobility and comfort after receiving a chiropractic adjustment.(法伯将传统的西医疗法与针灸、脊椎指压疗法和草药相结合，对他的病人产生了积极的效果。利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病，由于法伯的治疗，查理的生命延长了五个月，这大大减轻了查理的痛苦。同样，普里西拉·杜因注意到，她的马纳皮在接受脊椎按摩调整后，活动能力和舒适度都有所提高)”可知，第三段主要讨论了整体医学的有效性。故选D。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Farber is optimistic about the future of holistic veterinary medicine, and the growth in membership of the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association—from 30 in 1982 to over 700 today—suggests that his optimism may be well-founded.(法伯对整体兽医学的未来持乐观态度，美国整体兽医学协会会员的增长——从1982年的30个增加到今天的700多个——表明他的乐观可能是有根据的)”可知，作者提到美国整体兽医协会是为了证明法伯的观点。故选A。 Passage 10 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being. Academics in the field posit that the excellence of one’s slumber may indeed be instrumental in the prolongation of one’s lifespan. Male subjects who enjoy a state of somnolent tranquility could potentially extend their existence by a span of nearly five decades in comparison to those bereft of such repose. The female counterparts stand to gain an increment of two decades. Additionally, it has been observed that youthful individuals who adhere to salutary somniferous routines are less susceptible to a premature demise. However, the mere quantity of repose is insufficient to reap the potential healthful dividends; the caliber of one’s slumber is equally pivotal. The parameters of commendable slumber were delineated by a quintet of distinct criteria. These encompassed an optimal duration of seven to eight hours of repose per nocturnal cycle; experiencing difficulty in the initiation of sleep no more than twice per hebdomadal period; similar challenges in maintaining somnolence no more than twice weekly; abstaining from the consumption of any soporific pharmaceuticals; and awakening with a sensation of invigoration on no fewer than five days per septenary cycle. The conclusions derived from the study intimate that approximately 8% of fatalities, irrespective of their etiology, could be imputed to inadequate somniferous patterns. Dr. Frank Qian, a resident physician specializing in internal medicine at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, America, remarked, “A distinct proportional response relationship was discerned. Consequently, an increase in the beneficial elements pertaining to the quality of sleep correlates with a progressive diminution in mortality from all causes.” The research collated data from a populace of 172,321 individuals with an average age of 50, of which 54% were female. These participants were engaged in the National Health Interview Survey, spanning the years 2013 to 2018, which sought to scrutinize the well-being of the American populace, inclusive of inquiries into their somniferous habits. The subjects were tracked for a mean period of 4.3 years, during which 8,681 succumbed to death. Of these fatalities, 2,610 (30%) were attributable to cardiovascular afflictions, 2,052 (24%) to oncological disorders, and 4,019 (46%) to a miscellany of other causes. Among the male and female participants who reported adherence to all five indices of quality sleep (an optimal quintile score), the expectancy of life was augmented by 4.7 years for males and by 2.4% for females, in contradistinction to those who possessed none or a solitary factor. Further scholarly endeavor is warranted to elucidate the raison d’être for the dichotomy in the enhancement of life expectancy, with males exhibiting twice the increment observed in females despite equivalent somniferous quality. A caveat of the study lies in the reliance on self-reported somniferous habits, which were not subjected to objective quantification or verification. 37．Who is most likely to have a good sleep? A．Alice, who falls asleep as soon as she touches the pillow after taking a sleeping pill every day. B．Betty, who falls asleep quickly and has a nightmare at least 3 times a week. C．Candy, who feels refreshed after sleeping tight weekdays. D．David, who counts sheep and has a sound sleep every day. 38．What can we learn from the passage? A．The sleep habits in the study were reported by the test subjects. B．Quantity of sleep was enough to achieve the health benefits. C．Men had double the life span compared with women. D．Poor sleep pattern caused 8% of deaths from all causes of cancer. 39．How did the researchers come to their findings ? A．By referring to another study. B．By consulting the authoritative agencies. C．By interviewing the professionals. D．By conducting data analysis. 40．What is the writer’s attitude to the the finding of the study? A．Ambiguous B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Doubtful 【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究发现一个人的睡眠质量可能确实有助于延长一个人的寿命，同时指出这项研究中存在的不足。 37．细节理解题。根据首段中的”The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being.(恢复性夜间休息的恢复活力的作用是公认的；它可以产生一种增强幸福感的状态。)”可知，恢复性夜间休息的恢复活力的作用是公认的，由此可知，夜间休息可以使人产生一种增加幸福感的状态，Candy在工作日晚上睡觉后感到精神焕发，符合良好睡眠的标准。故选C项。 38．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“A caveat of the study lies in the reliance on self-reported somniferous habits, which were not subjected to objective quantification or verification.(该研究的一个警告在于依赖于自我报告的睡眠习惯，这些习惯没有经过客观的量化或验证。)”可知，该研究中的睡眠习惯依赖于自我报告，没有经过客观的量化或验证，由此可知，研究中的睡眠习惯是由测试对象报告的。故选A项。 39．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The research collated data from a populace of 172,321 individuals with an average age of 50, of which 54% were female. These participants were engaged in the National Health Interview Survey, spanning the years 2013 to 2018, which sought to scrutinize the well-being of the American populace, inclusive of inquiries into their somniferous habits.(该研究整理172,321名平均年龄为50岁的人的数据，其中54%是女性。这些参与者参与了2013年至2018年的全国健康访谈调查，该调查旨在仔细检查美国民众的健康状况，包括调查他们的饮酒习惯。)”可知，该项研究整理了172,321名平均年龄为50岁的人的数据，且该调查的宗旨是仔细检查美国民众的健康状况，由此可知，该项研究是通过数据分析得出的结论。故选D项。 40．推理判断题。根据首段中的“The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being. Academics in the field posit that the excellence of one’s slumber may indeed be instrumental in the prolongation of one’s lifespan.(恢复性夜间休息的恢复活力的作用是公认的；它可以产生一种增强幸福感的状态。该领域的学者们认为，一个人的睡眠质量可能确实有助于延长一个人的寿命。)”可知，研究发现，一个人的睡眠质量可能确实有助于延长一个人的寿命，结合倒数第二段中的“Further scholarly endeavor is warranted to elucidate the raison d’être for the dichotomy in the enhancement of life expectancy, with males exhibiting twice the increment observed in females despite equivalent somniferous quality.(进一步的学术努力是有必要的，以阐明在预期寿命提高方面的存在产生分裂的原因，男性表现出两倍于女性观察到的增长，尽管同样的一些睡眠质量。)”可知，作者认为进一步的学术努力是必要的，以阐明在预期寿命提高方面的存在产生分裂的原因，由此可知，作者既承认该项研究的结论的合理性，也指出研究需要进一步的学术努力，所以，作者对该项研究的结果的态度是客观的。故选B项。 Passage 11 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）Max Du emerged victorious at the Canada-Wide Science Fair with an innovative project that could revolutionize emergency response: a drone designed to assist individuals experiencing cardiac arrest. His creative spark was ignited during the Christmas break of the previous year when he received a toy drone from his parents. Due to the snowy conditions, Max was unable to fly his new gadget outdoors, prompting him to explore its potential as an indoor robot that could be of service to people in need. In Canada, approximately 35,000 individuals suffer from cardiac arrests annually, with the majority of these incidents occurring outside of hospital settings. Sadly, less than 10 percent of these individuals survive. Max was convinced that a drone could provide more rapid assistance and deliver life-saving medication, but he knew he had to construct one himself to validate his hypothesis. The process of testing his drone spanned six months, during which Max’s parents had to tolerate their son’s persistent drone flights and mishaps within their home. Each innovative feature Max developed, such as a deployable arm, added weight to the drone, causing it to disintegrate. This necessitated the purchase of new components. Through experimentation, Max eventually discovered a more lightweight material, leading to a better-balanced design. After a series of trials and adjustments, the 14-year-old successfully perfected his drone. It is now capable of opening door handles, navigating through the air, and landing gently on the ground. The drone features a new extendable arm designed to administer injections or deliver crucial medication to a patient. Additionally, an integrated camera allows for direct communication with an emergency response team, enabling remote monitoring of the patient. Max is looking forward to filing for a patent to establish connections within the healthcare sector and bring his invention to fruition. He spent his summer acquiring knowledge in artificial intelligence at Stanford University in California, where he was one of only 32 students chosen globally. Following this, he will attend the University of Pennsylvania to enroll in a college-level robotics course before resuming his high school studies in September. 41．Why did Max Du design a drone by himself? A．He had sympathy for those with heart attacks. B．He had nothing to do in Christmas holidays. C．He wanted use it to help his parents. D．He tried to make it fly in the snow. 42．What can we learn from paragraphs 2 and 3? A．Most of the people with cardiac arrests in Canada can survive. B．Max’s parents were unwilling to help during his drone design. C．It’s very important to control the balance of the drone. D．Max’s design of the extendable arm is very smooth. 43．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The instructions for using the drone. B．The reason for applying for a patent. C．The process of Max’s success. D．The functions of the new drone. 44．Which of the following can best describe Max? A．Considerate and brave. B．Talented and creative. C．Clever and honest. D．Helpful and loyal. 【答案】41．A 42．C 43．D 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了14岁的少年Max Du设计出一款创新的无人机，能够帮助心脏骤停患者。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Max Du emerged victorious at the Canada-Wide Science Fair with an innovative project that could revolutionize emergency response: a drone designed to assist individuals experiencing cardiac arrest (Max Du在加拿大科学博览会上取得了胜利，他的创新项目可能会彻底改变应急反应：一架旨在帮助心脏骤停患者的无人机)”和“Due to the snowy conditions, Max was unable to fly his new gadget outdoors, prompting him to explore its potential as an indoor robot that could be of service to people in need. (由于下雪，Max无法在室外驾驶他的新装置，这促使他探索它作为室内机器人的潜力，为有需要的人服务)”可知，Max Du自己设计这架无人机是因为他同情那些心脏病患者，想要帮助他们。故选A项。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Each innovative feature Max developed, such as a deployable arm, added weight to the drone, causing it to disintegrate. (Max开发的每一个创新功能，比如可展开的手臂，都增加了无人机的重量，导致它解体)”和“Through experimentation, Max eventually discovered a more lightweight material, leading to a better-balanced design. (通过实验，Max最终发现了一种更轻的材料，从而实现了更好的平衡设计)”可知，控制无人机的平衡非常重要，否则会面临解体的问题。故选C项。 43．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“It is now capable of opening door handles, navigating through the air, and landing gently on the ground. The drone features a new extendable arm designed to administer injections or deliver crucial medication to a patient. Additionally, an integrated camera allows for direct communication with an emergency response team, enabling remote monitoring of the patient. (它现在能够打开门把手，在空中导航，并轻轻地降落在地面上。这款无人机有一个新的可伸缩臂，用于给病人注射或输送关键药物。此外，集成摄像头允许与应急响应小组直接通信，从而实现对患者的远程监控)”可知，本段主要介绍了这架无人机可以实现的各种功能。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Through experimentation, Max eventually discovered a more lightweight material, leading to a better-balanced design. (通过实验，Max最终发现了一种更轻的材料，从而实现了更好的平衡设计)”和第四段中“After a series of trials and adjustments, the 14-year-old successfully perfected his drone. (经过一系列的试验和调整，这位14岁的少年成功地完善了他的无人机)”可知，Max通过自己的实验，最终设计出一款能够很好地平衡的无人机，让其功能得到完善，这展现出他的创新思维和创造能力。因此，他是有才华和创意的。故选B项。 Passage 12 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）From “gig-tripping” to “travel dupes” to “hush trips,” the number of new travel trends is seemingly endless. But perhaps the most appealing concept in the tourism space of late is the “sleepeation”. So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation. According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. The research also showed that sleeping topped the list of U. S. travelers’ main activities for their next vacation, outranking shopping, nightlife and wildlife spotting. While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay. The Malibu Beach Inn in Southern California features two designated “sleep suites”, and the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai on Hawaii’s Big Island offers an 80-minute “sweet dreams” massage treatment meant to promote a good night’s rest. Virgin Hotels Dallasoffers blackout curtains in each room and bedtime amenities(便利设施)like bath bombs and relaxation spray. Although these amenities and services might seem like unnecessary luxuries, the reality is that doing whatever you can to prioritize sleep is quite important. “Most people don’t get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep per night,” noted Danielle Desir Corbett, a luxury travel and personal finance expert. “Over time, this ‘sleep debt’ can have serious health implications, affecting cognitive(认知的)function, mood, weight, and immune systems. Sleep is even linked to chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Sleepeations focus on rest and rejuvenation and can be a powerful tool in preventing health issues.” 45．What did Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report find? A．Travelers are more mindful of their sleep health. B．The travelers’ activities are more and more varied. C．Only a few travelers are interested in sleep tourism. D．Sleep is good for our physical and mental wellness. 46．Why does the author mention the hotels in Paragraph 3? A．To show us the luxuries of the hotels. B．To emphasize the importance of sleep. C．To prove the popularity of sleepcation. D．To make an advertisement for the hotels. 47．What is Danielle Desir Corbett’s attitude towards sleepcation? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Opposed. D．Approving. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Sleepcation: Enrich Your Vacation Activities B．Sleepcation: Be an Important Part of Your Life C．Sleepcation: Boo st the Development of Tourism D．Sleepcation: Get a Vacation from Your Vacation 【答案】45．A 46．C 47．D 48．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍睡眠度假概念并建议我们应该在度假中考虑睡眠问题。 45．细节理解题。由文章第二段“According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. (根据Skyscanner的2024年旅游趋势报告，与几年前相比，近50%的受访美国游客表示，他们现在更愿意度假，目的是睡个好觉。)”可知，旅行者更注意自己的睡眠健康。故选A项。 46．推理判断题。由文章第三段“While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay.(虽然一些健康度假村多年来一直专注于睡眠，但现在越来越多的度假村和酒店，从豪华到生活方式，甚至是经济实惠的酒店，都在确保睡眠是住宿的首要内容。)”可知，作者提到旅馆是为了证明睡眠度假的流行。故选C项。 47．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Sleepeations focus on rest and rejuvenation and can be a powerful tool in preventing health issues.(睡眠度假侧重于休息和恢复活力，是预防健康问题的有力工具。)”可知，Danielle Desir Corbett是赞成睡眠度假的。故选D项。 48．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation.(这些天的大部分旅行似乎都是为了达到我们在TikTok和Instagram上看到的每一个令人惊叹的景点而疲惫不堪。然而，睡眠度假对度假采取了截然相反的方式。)”以及下文可知，文章主要介绍睡眠度假概念并建议我们应该在度假中考虑睡眠问题。所以D项Sleepcation: Get a Vacation from Your Vacation(睡眠度假：从度假中获得假期休息)符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 13 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖北·期末）Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The World Health Organization predicts that about half of the world’s population will have nearsightedness by 2050. It’s apparent that our eyesight is becoming increasingly poor, but researchers are only now beginning to understand why. Generally a childhood phenomenon, nearsightedness happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, taking on more of an oval (椭圆形) shape rather than a sphere (球形). Eyes have a “stop signal” so that they grow corresponding with the head, explains Gregory Schwartz, an associate professor at Northwestern University. However, that signal can be interrupted by genetic and environmental factors, which leads to our eyeballs growing a bit too much, leading to far-off objects looking out of focus. Signs you might have nearsightedness also include headaches, as well as eye stress and tiredness when doing certain activities such as driving or playing sports. The increased use of screens, most of which are high contrast, like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, overstimulating our eyes, causing more eye growth in children and less time spent outdoors are to blame. A 2017 study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found a connection between increased natural light exposure and a decrease in nearsightedness, particularly in children and young adults. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine, a chemical which helps regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Most people’s vision will stabilize in their teens, but some people develop nearsightedness later in life, typically between ages 20 and 40. Poor eyesight isn’t the only downside; people with nearsightedness are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye exercise is crucial. 49．What is the function of the figures in paragraph 1? A．To draw the attention of WHO. B．To introduce the research methods. C．To explain the causes of nearsightedness. D．To illustrate the seriousness of nearsightedness. 50．What happens to the eyeballs of nearsighted children? A．They are out of shape. B．They grow into a sphere. C．They match the growth of heads. D．They distinguish far-off objects easily. 51．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The overuse of screens. B．The causes of nearsightedness. C．The benefits of protecting eyes. D．The influence of exposure to light. 52．What might the author continue talking about? A．Eye issues of ageing. B．The ways to exercise eyes. C．Key factors to affect eyesight. D．The downside of nearsightedness. 【答案】49．D 50．A 51．B 52．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人们眼睛近视背后的主要原因。 49．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The World Health Organization predicts that about half of the world’s population will have nearsightedness by 2050.(如今，大约42%的美国人患有近视，而1971年这一比例为25%。世界卫生组织预测，到2050年，世界上大约一半的人口将患有近视。)”可知，第1段中数字的作用是说明近视的严重性。故选D项。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Generally a childhood phenomenon, nearsightedness happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, taking on more of an oval(椭圆形) shape rather than a sphere(球形).(近视通常是一种儿童现象，当眼球从前到后长得太长，呈椭圆形而不是球形时就会发生近视。)”可知，近视儿童的眼球会呈椭圆形而不是球形，即近视之后，眼球会变形。故选A项。 51．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The increased use of screens, most of which are high contrast, like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, overstimulating our eyes, causing more eye growth in children and less time spent outdoors are to blame. A 2017 study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found a connection between increased natural light exposure and a decrease in nearsightedness, particularly in children and young adults. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine, a chemical which helps regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick.(越来越多地使用屏幕，其中大多数是高对比度的屏幕，比如白色页面上的黑色文本，或者深色背景上的浅色文本，过度刺激我们的眼睛，导致儿童眼睛发育加快，户外活动时间减少。2017年发表在《美国医学会眼科学》上的一项研究发现，自然光暴露增加与近视减少之间存在联系，尤其是在儿童和年轻人中。暴露在自然光下会刺激多巴胺，这种化学物质有助于调节眼球的正常生长和发育。室内照明并不能做到这一点。)”可知，本段主要讲述近视形成的原因。故选B项。 52．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Poor eyesight isn’t the only downside; people with nearsightedness are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye exercise is crucial.(视力不佳不是唯一的缺点；随着年龄的增长，近视的人患眼部疾病的风险更高。这就是为什么定期的眼保健操是至关重要的。)”可知，作者可能会继续谈论锻炼眼睛的具体方法。故选B项。 Passage 14 （2023-2024学年高二下·河南安阳·期末）Space travel is certainly not for someone who is not fearless, for many reasons including its effects on physical health. It can potentially disturb human immune systems (免疫系统) and increase red blood cell death. Astronaut s can even suffer from bone loss during missions. A recent study finds astronauts with no prior history of headaches may experience migraine (偏头疼) and tension-type headaches during long space flight — over 10 days in space. The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA, the European Space Agency, and a Japanese agency. The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight. Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study, with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year. None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report. During space flight, they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station. The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. According to W. P. J. van Oosterhout, study co-author, the changes to the brain’s balance and posture system, combined with adjusting to zero gravity during the first week of their space flight, can lead to space motion sickness in the first week, of which headache is the most frequently reported symptom. One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms, so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate. “Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth,” said van Oosterhout. 53．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The danger of space travel. B．The process of the new study. C．The standard of choosing the astronauts. D．Astronauts’ full preparation for space travel. 54．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By analyzing reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving examples. D．By listing figures. 55．What does the new study find about the headache? A．It will result in space motion sickness. B．It will become more serious with the flight on. C．It is an experience for most astronauts in the early space flight. D．It helps astronauts keep a balance between the brain and the body. 56．What does van Oosterhout think of the new finding? A．It has small sample size. B．It needs to be improved further. C．It is correct and true in every detail. D．It will solve the space headache problem to some degree. 【答案】53．B 54．D 55．C 56．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章基于一项对宇航员头痛情况的研究，详细介绍了研究方法、数据收集过程以及研究发现，探讨了太空飞行中头痛现象的普遍性、类型、可能的原因，以及与地球上头痛现象的关联。 53．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA, the European Space Agency, and a Japanese agency. The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight. Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study, with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year. None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report. During space flight, they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station. (这项研究调查了来自美国宇航局、欧洲航天局和一家日本机构的24名宇航员。宇航员在太空飞行前都完成了健康检查和关于个人头痛史的问卷调查。其中9人报告说，在研究之前从未有过头痛，3人报告说，在过去的一年中，头痛影响了他们的日常活动。这些宇航员都没有复发性头痛的病史，也没有偏头痛的报告。在太空飞行期间，他们在前七天填写了一份每日调查问卷，在国际空间站逗留期间，每个星期填写一份每周调查问卷。)”可知，本段主要介绍这项研究的过程。故选B。 54．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. (研究发现，接受调查的宇航员中有92%在太空飞行中经历过头痛，相比之下，只有38%的人在进入太空前的两到六个月里经历过头痛。在接受研究的24名宇航员中，有22人在太空的第一周也经历了一次或多次头痛。这些头痛中约有89%是紧张性头痛，10%可能是偏头痛。在太空飞行的第一周，头痛的强度也更高，更有可能像偏头痛一样。)”可知，在第三段中，作者主要使用列举数字的方法介绍研究结果。故选D。 55．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. (研究发现，接受调查的宇航员中有92%在太空飞行中经历过头痛，相比之下，只有38%的人在进入太空前的两到六个月里经历过头痛。在接受研究的24名宇航员中，有22人在太空的第一周也经历了一次或多次头痛。这些头痛中约有89%是紧张性头痛，10%可能是偏头痛。在太空飞行的第一周，头痛的强度也更高，更有可能像偏头痛一样。)”可知，大部分的宇航员在飞行初期都经历了头痛。故选C。 56．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth,” said van Oosterhout. (“需要进一步的研究来解释太空头痛的潜在原因，并探索这些发现如何为地球上发生的头痛提供见解，”范奥斯特豪特说。)”可知，范奥斯特豪特认为此研究需要进一步改进。故选B。 Passage 15 （2023-2024学年高二下·山东临沂·期末）Last year, in San Antonio, Dr. Pascal Badiou carefully implanted an outer ear on a woman born without right ear. For Badiou, a recognized expert in the field, such a procedure would normally be routine. But this case had a unique aspect: For the first time, the ear he was implanting was the product of a 3D bioprinter using the woman's own cartilage (软骨) cells. The ability to 3D print human organs is astonishing. Nearly 106, 000 Americans are currently on waiting lists for organ donations, and 17 die each day while waiting, according to the federal Health Resources and Services Administration. A 3D bioprinting process that uses the patient’s own cells to grow organs would potentially curb that waiting list. In 3D bioprinting, the name of the game is cells. The process begins by generating the cells that researchers want to bioprint, which are then instructed to become organ specific cell types. The cells are then turned into a printable bio-ink, mixing them with extra materials to give them a toothpaste-like consistency (黏稠度). The bio-ink is loaded into syringes (注射器) and squeezed out of a nozzle (喷嘴). Once it is finished, the printed tissue is sometimes connected to a pump that drives oxygen and nutrients through it. Given time, the tissue develops on its own and increases in both maturity and function “The 3D bioprinter gives you several advantages, ” says Atala, director of Wake Forest Institute. “Instead of making these tissues and organs by hand one at a time, you can automate the printer to do it. What’s more, we can more precisely locate the cells where they’re needed, and lower overall cost for the increased scale. And in terms of organ transplant, a new organ made of a patient's own cells makes rejection far less likely. ” It sounds science fiction, but it's already happening. “I think that in 10 years we will have organs for transplantation,” says Atala. “We will start with simple organs like skin and cartilage, but then we'll move on to more complicated tissues — eventually the heart, liver, kidney.” 57．What makes the implant operation special? A．Humans first successfully implanted an outer ear B．It made Dr. Badiou a recognized expert of his field. C．The 3D bio-printed product was used in implanting. D．The implant procedure was designed by 3D technology. 58．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The advantages of 3D bioprinting. B．The urgent need of 3D bioprinting. C．The potential market of organ donations. D．The increasing number of organ donations. 59．What can we learn about the process? A．The cells are mixed to increase consistency. B．The printed tissue can develop itself by time. C．3D bioprinter generates organ specific cell types D．The tissue drives oxygen and nutrients through a pump. 60．What can we infer from what Atala says? A．Lowering overall cost leads to the increased scale. B．3D bioprinted organs minimize the risk of rejection. C．More complicated tissues will replace simple organs. D．3D bioprinter precisely locate the organs that are needed. 【答案】57．C 58．B 59．B 60．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了3D生物打印技术的原理、优势和应用前景，特别是其在器官移植领域的潜力。 57．细节理解题。根据第一段的“But this case had a unique aspect: For the first time, the ear he was implanting was the product of a 3D bioprinter using the woman's own cartilage (软骨) cells.(但这个案例有一个独特的方面：他植入的耳朵是第一次使用女性自己的软骨细胞的3D生物打印机的产品)”可知，3D生物打印产品用于植入，使植入手术与众不同。故选C。 58．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“The ability to 3D print human organs is astonishing. Nearly 106, 000 Americans are currently on waiting lists for organ donations, and 17 die each day while waiting, according to the federal Health Resources and Services Administration. A 3D bioprinting process that uses the patient's own cells to grow organs would potentially curb that waiting list.(3D打印人体器官的能力令人惊讶。根据联邦卫生资源和服务管理局的数据，目前有近106000名美国人在等待器官捐献的名单上，每天有17人在等待过程中死亡。使用患者自身细胞生长器官的3D生物打印过程可能会控制等待名单)”可知，本段主要讨论了3D打印人体器官的能力，提到了大量等待器官捐赠的美国人以及每天因此死亡的人数，强调了使用患者自身细胞进行3D生物打印来生长器官可能会减少等待名单的需求。因此，第二段主要讨论的是3D生物打印的迫切需要。故选B。 59．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Given time, the tissue develops on its own and increases in both maturity and function(随着时间的推移，组织会自行发展，其成熟度和功能都会提高)”可知，打印出来的组织随着时间的推移可以自行发展。故选B。 60．推理判断题。根据第四段的“And in terms of organ transplant, a new organ made of a patient's own cells makes rejection far less likely(在器官移植方面，由患者自身细胞制成的新器官排斥的可能性要小得多)”可推知，3D生物打印的器官可以最大程度地减少排斥的风险。故选B。 Passage 16 （2023-2024学年高二下·江西南昌·期末）On the crowded supermarket shelves, food products try to attract attention, using packaging and labels to clinch the deal. Around 72% of American consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions. Food companies are aware of this and understand that it applies to packaging design as well as the message conveyed through labels. Louis Biscotti, the National Leader for Food Beverage Services Group, writes that when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) update d its policy on the nutrition facts label for packaged foods in 2020, food and drink companies found they could use the labels on their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to drive increase in sales. The information on the FDA labels and what they packed onto their labels and packaging greatly increased sales. Many consumers surveyed were more likely to buy products with “natural” labels. A new report takes a look at the popularity of the “natural” claim on food packaging and it’s eye-opening. “Food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low cost because regulatory (监管的) agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and that the product was hardly processed,” the authors explain. While that is certainly valuable information to know, the problem is in consumers’ understanding of what “natural” means. Studies show that people think a product labeled as “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it actually does, with most consumers mistakenly linking health and environmental care qualities to food with “natural” labels. In a 2022 survey, 86% of people reported that they purchased products with “natural” labels because they believed the labels indicated better-than-standard animal welfare and higher environmental care production practices. That might simply seem discouraging as food producers are taking advantage of consumers’ innocence to increase sales. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for stricter labeling. These producers are doing good but ending up at a competitive disadvantage if consumers consider foods labeled “natural” as alike. As a consequence, any health and environmental care benefits that might have been realized from consumers choosing products that matched their preferences could be lost. 61．What does the underlined word “clinch” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Secure. B．Standardize. C．Close. D．Cut. 62．What was the consequence of the FDA’s 2020 policy on packaged foods? A．It helped consumers make careful choices. B．It led to a sharp price rise in packaged foods. C．Companies found new chances to increase sales. D．Companies were forced to make more healthy products. 63．Why does the food with the “natural” label gain favor with consumers? A．It has a better taste. B．It is at a lower price. C．It comes in a great many varieties. D．It is thought to be healthy and green. 64．What’s the text mainly about? A．Label design is important for food companies. B．The message on food labels may be misleading. C．Customers should check the label before purchasing. D．“Natural” labels should be added to food packaging. 【答案】61．A 62．C 63．D 64．B 【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了消费者更可能购买产品标签带有“天然”产品，认为这些产品更健康，更环保，但实际上声称食品是‘天然的’，只是因为监管机构认为这种说法意味着没有添加任何人工成分，产品几乎没有经过加工。 61．词句猜测题。根据下文“Around 72% of American consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions. Food companies are aware of this and understand that it applies to packaging design as well as the message conveyed through labels.(大约72%的美国消费者表示，产品包装会影响他们的购买决定。食品公司意识到这一点，并理解它适用于包装设计以及通过标签传达的信息。)”可推断，画线句“On the crowded supermarket shelves, food products try to attract attention, using packaging and labels to clinch the deal.(在拥挤的超市货架上，食品试图吸引眼球，利用包装和标签来clinch交易。)”中的clinch与A项“确保”意思一致，说明食品公司利用包装盒标签吸引顾客，让顾客购买食品，确保达交易成功，故选A。 62．细节理解题。根据第二段的“food and drink companies found they could use the labels on their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to drive increase in sales. The information on the FDA labels and what they packed onto their labels and packaging greatly increased sales. Many consumers surveyed were more likely to buy products with “natural” labels.(食品和饮料公司发现，他们可以利用包装上的标签提供营养和其他数据，以推动销售增长。FDA标签上的信息以及标签和包装上的内容大大增加了销量。许多接受调查的消费者更倾向于购买带有“天然”标签的产品。)”可知，FDA 2020年政策让公司找到了增加销量的新机会。故选C。 63．细节理解题。根据第四段的“In a 2022 survey, 86% of people reported that they purchased products with “natural” labels because they believed the labels indicated better-than-standard animal welfare and higher environmental care production practices.(在2022年的一项调查中，86%的人报告说，他们购买带有“天然”标签的产品，因为他们认为这些标签表明动物福利优于标准，生产实践更环保。)”可知，贴有“天然”标签的食品受到消费者的青睐是因为它被认为是健康和环保的。故选D。 64．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第三段“A new report takes a look at the popularity of the “natural” claim on food packaging and it’s eye-opening. “Food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low cost because regulatory (监管的) agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and that the product was hardly processed,” the authors explain.(一份新的报告调查了食品包装上“天然”声明的流行程度，令人大开眼界。作者解释说：“食品供应商可以以相对较低的成本使用声称食品是‘天然的’的标签，因为监管机构认为这种说法意味着没有添加任何人工成分，产品几乎没有经过加工。”)”和最后一段“As a consequence, any health and environmental care benefits that might have been realized from consumers choosing products that matched their preferences could be lost.(因此，消费者选择符合他们喜好的产品可能带来的任何健康和环境保健益处都可能丧失。)”可知，本文讲述了消费者更可能购买产品标签带有“天然”产品，认为这些产品更健康，更环保，但实际上声称食品是‘天然的’，只是因为监管机构认为这种说法意味着没有添加任何人工成分，产品几乎没有经过加工。因此文章主要讲述了食品标签可能被消费者误解。故选B。 Passage 17 （2023-2024学年高二下·江西赣州·期末）New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. The analysis warns that number could grow to nearly 30,000 deaths a year by the middle of the century. Wildfire smoke is rarely listed as a cause of death on people’s death certificates. But research has shown that tiny particles present in smoke worsen many different health problems. These particles penetrate (渗透) deep into people’s lungs and can cross into the bloodstream or even into the brain. Repeated exposures, or high-concentration exposures, can worsen other health problems, from heart and kidney disease to promoting the onset of dementia (痴呆) symptoms. In some cases, the stress from wildfire smoke is so great that some people die. Because the harm from wildfire smoke can accumulate and isn’t always immediately obvious, the long-term risks from wildfire smoke exposure have gone underestimated. The NBER analysis used a suite of different computer models to figure out the relationship between fire activity and how much smoke was produced. In years like 2020, some northern  California counties were exposed to double their normal pollution load for the year. In conditions like those, the total number of deaths increased by almost 6%. Even small increases in smoke exposure averaged out over the year, push mortality up. Even with aggressive climate action in coming decades, wildfire activity is forecast to grow—and with it, smoke exposure. By the middle of the century, models suggest people across the U.S. will likely experience two to three times as much smoke as they did before 2020. Smoke-related deaths could rise by at least 8,000 people every year. With less aggressive climate action, the number of deaths could be even higher. 65．What can be learned about wildfire smoke exposure? A．It has become the main cause of death. B．It produces immediate harmful effects. C．It makes health problems more serious. D．It can be avoided by using dust masks. 66．What will happen to Americans according to the computer models? A．Experiencing less wildfire smoke exposure. B．Facing more deaths caused by heavy smoking. C．Having more deaths connected to wildfire smoke. D．Reducing wildfire activities with aggressive actions. 67．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A scientific report. B．Analysis of climate change. C．An academic paper. D．Research findings of wildfire. 68．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Formation of Wildlife Smoke B．The Harm of Wildfire Smoke to Health C．The Ways to Reduce Wildfires D．The Causes of Too Many Wildfires 【答案】65．C 66．C 67．A 68．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的研究显示接触野火烟雾对人体健康影响很大，每年导致近1.6万人死亡，未来可能增至3万人。烟雾中的微小颗粒会加重多种疾病，其长期危害被低估。即使采取气候行动，野火活动和烟雾暴露预计仍会增加，导致死亡人数上升。 65．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But research has shown that tiny particles present in smoke worsen many different health problems. (但研究表明，烟雾中的微小颗粒会恶化许多不同的健康问题)”可知，接触野火烟雾使健康问题更加严重。故选C项。 66．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By the middle of the century, models suggest people across the U.S. will likely experience two to three times as much smoke as they did before 2020. Smoke-related deaths could rise by at least 8,000 people every year. (模型显示，到本世纪中叶，美国各地的烟雾量可能会是2020年之前的两到三倍。与烟雾相关的死亡人数每年至少会增加8000人)”可知，根据计算机模型，美国将有更多的人死于野火烟雾。故选C项。 67．推理判断题。根据第一段中“New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. (根据美国国家经济研究局(NBER)今年4月发布的一份分析报告，新的研究表明，接触野火烟雾对健康的影响远远超出了烟雾天本身，美国每年有近1.6万人死亡)”可推知，文章应该是出自一份科学报告，具体呈现了该报告中提及的接触野火烟雾的危害。故选A项。 68．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. The analysis warns that number could grow to nearly 30,000 deaths a year by the middle of the century. (根据美国国家经济研究局(NBER)今年4月发布的一份分析报告，新的研究表明，接触野火烟雾对健康的影响远远超出了烟雾天本身，美国每年有近1.6万人死亡。该分析警告称，到本世纪中叶，这一数字可能会增长到每年近30000人死亡。)”和下文可知，文章围绕接触野火烟雾对人体健康的影响展开，这种接触每年导致近1.6万人死亡，未来可能增至3万人，烟雾中的微小颗粒会加重多种疾病，其长期危害被低估，即使采取气候行动，野火活动和烟雾暴露预计仍会增加，导致死亡人数上升。因此，B项“野火烟雾对健康的危害”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 18 （2023-2024学年高二下·安徽六安·期末）Anxiety isn’t funny. When we feel worried or afraid, the last thing we feel like doing is laughing. Finding humor can be difficult when we live with anxiety. However, if we begin to look for humor, we can find that laughter can be a great coping skill. Researchers have discovered that laughter has many benefits. Among the ways laughter lifts us by increasing our overall well-being and boosting our mental health. When we live with anxiety, our stress hormones pulse through us. This makes us feel tense and anxious. Although there are no quick solutions for anything in our life, a good laugh can instantly begin to reduce these harmful stress hormones that are mixed with anxiety. Laughter gets to work immediately, and a regular “diet” of laughter continues to decrease anxiety over time. The act of laughing is similar to deep breathing in its ability to increase the oxygen in our bodies. Combined with reducing stress hormones, the increased oxygen in our bodies helps lead to muscle relaxation. All of this helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety. Laughing feels good. It’s addictive and we can keep wanting more. When we laugh regularly, our anxiety begins to decrease. When we have humor and give ourselves a chance to laugh a little bit for even a short while each day, we distract our focus. Rather than seeing the world within or without as a worrying place, we start to see it as a good, safe, and perhaps even fun place. We start to see beyond the anxiety. Sure, the anxiety lingers (徘徊) for a while, but every time we laugh, we can reduce it. Introducing intentional laughter into our life decreases our stress hormones. Breathing deeply during the act of laughing relaxes muscles. Thinking about something funny shifts our focus to new things. Having humor regularly helps our outlook become more positive. 69．What can make us feel nervous? A．Pulsing stress hormones. B．Lacking sense of humour. C．Tiredness and sleepiness. D．Feeling eager to get something. 70．Why is deep breathing mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To compare it with taking exercice. B．To suggest people do it more often. C．To show its importance to the body. D．To explain how laughing reduces anxiety. 71．What does Paragraph 4 focus on in terms of laughter? A．Its functions. B．Its concept. C．Its causes. D．Its disadvantages. 72．Who might need to read the text most? A．A person who has developed a bad habit. B．A person who tends to feel nervous easily. C．A person who is fond of humorous stories. D．A person who can’t get along well with others. 【答案】69．A 70．D 71．A 72．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了笑对缓解焦虑的积极作用。 69．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we live with anxiety, our stress hormones pulse through us. This makes us feel tense and anxious(当我们生活在焦虑中，我们的压力荷尔蒙会在我们体内涌动。这使我们感到紧张和焦虑)”可知，当我们生活在焦虑中时，我们的应激激素在我们体内脉动。这让我们感到紧张和焦虑。由此可知，脉动的应激激素会让我们感到紧张。故选A项。 70．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The act of laughing is similar to deep breathing in its ability to increase the oxygen in our bodies. Combined with reducing stress hormones, the increased oxygen in our bodies helps lead to muscle relaxation. All of this helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety(笑的行为类似于深呼吸，能够增加我们体内的氧气。结合减少压力激素，体内增加的氧气有助于肌肉放松。所有这些都有助于减轻焦虑的身体症状)”可知，笑的行为在增加我们体内氧气的能力上与深呼吸相似。与减少应激激素相结合，我们体内增加的氧气有助于肌肉放松。所有这些都有助于减轻焦虑的身体症状。由此可知，提到深呼吸是为了解释笑如何减轻焦虑。故选D项。 71．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Laughing feels good. It’s addictive and we can keep wanting more. When we laugh regularly, our anxiety begins to decrease. When we have humor and give ourselves a chance to laugh a little bit for even a short while each day, we distract our focus. Rather than seeing the world within or without as a worrying place, we start to see it as a good, safe, and perhaps even fun place. We start to see beyond the anxiety. Sure, the anxiety lingers (徘徊) for a while, but every time we laugh, we can reduce it(笑感觉很好。它是上瘾的，我们可以一直想要更多。当我们经常笑时，我们的焦虑开始减少。当我们有幽默感并且给自己一个机会每天笑一会儿，哪怕只是短暂的时间，我们的注意力就会分散。而不是把内心或外界的世界看作一个令人担忧的地方，我们开始把它看作是一个好、安全，甚至可能是有趣的地方。我们开始超越焦虑。当然，焦虑会徘徊一段时间，但每次我们笑的时候，我们都可以减轻它)”可知，笑的感觉很好。它让人上瘾。由此可知，第四段关注的是笑的功能。故选A项。 72．推理判断题。根据第一段“Anxiety isn’t funny. When we feel worried or afraid, the last thing we feel like doing is laughing. Finding humor can be difficult when we live with anxiety. However, if we begin to look for humor, we can find that laughter can be a great coping skill.(焦虑并不好笑。当我们感到担心或害怕时，我们最不想做的事情就是大笑。当我们生活在焦虑中时，寻找幽默可能很困难。然而，如果我们开始寻找幽默，我们会发现笑声是一种很好的应对技巧。).”，由此可知，本文主要介绍了笑对缓解焦虑的积极作用，因此最容易感到紧张的人最需要阅读这篇文章。故选B项。 Passage 18 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江宁波·期末）When it comes to heart attacks, the first image that often comes to mind is that of a middle-aged or older overweight man, clutching his chest and struggling with a pained expression. You’re far less likely to think of a female heart attack victim. According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research. From diagnosis to treatment, gender differences are often overlooked. A previous study found that women are 25 percent more likely to die of heart attacks than men in the same circumstances. The reason lies in the difference in heart attack symptoms between men and women. According to the Mayo Clinic, one of the top-ranking hospitals in the US, women are less likely to have chest pains, which are deemed as a typical symptom of heart attacks. Instead, they have more atypical symptoms, including shoulder pain and arm pain. As a result, many women were initially given a mistaken diagnosis, delaying access to the right treatment and increasing the fatality rate. Even if a female is correctly and promptly diagnosed with a heart attack, there’s another problem: medicine. Research has found that certain medicines used to dissolve blood clots (凝块) right after a heart attack can be helpful for a lot of men, but might lead to serious bleeding issues in women. Still, the fields of healthcare and medicine see a male’s body as the “standard” human body. For example, Valium (安定) has been promoted as the “mother’s little helper” for treating anxiety among women. However, a study noted that the medicine developer had never conducted a single trial involving women until 2003. Take a look at the medicine you have taken recently: There’s always one recommended dosage for adults. But who is this dosage meant for? An adult in general, or specifically an adult man? 73．Which is the reason for a lack of female-related data and information in medical research? A．Gender differences are always ignored. B．Men play a main part in the medical research. C．The medical field is totally dominated by men. D．There is a shortage of women’s diagnosis and treatment. 74．Why are women at a higher risk of dying of a heart attack than men? A．Women are less willing to seek medical help. B．Women often display less obvious symptoms. C．Women are more easily given a wrong diagnosis. D．Women’s symptoms are often more severe than men’s. 75．Why does the author mention Valium in Paragraph 4? A．To demonstrate gender-based healthcare inequalities. B．To call for correct use of medicine on different people. C．To describe the historical use of Valium by both genders. D．To show Valium’s effectiveness in treating women’s anxiety. 76．What is the passage mainly about? A．Differences in heart attack treatments. B．The importance of female data in medicine. C．The gender gap in healthcare and medicine. D．Misconceptions about female data in research. 【答案】73．B 74．B 75．A 76．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在保健和医药领域的性别差距。 73．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research.(据《福布斯》报道，医学研究传统上是由男性领导的，这不可避免地导致医学研究中缺乏与女性相关的数据和信息。)”可知，医学研究传统上是由男性领导的，这导致了医学研究中缺乏和女性相关的数据，由此可知，导致了医学研究中缺乏和女性相关的数据的原因是男性在医学研究中起主要作用。故选B项。 74．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to the Mayo Clinic, one of the top-ranking hospitals in the US, women are less likely to have chest pains, which are deemed as a typical symptom of heart attacks. Instead, they have more atypical symptoms, including shoulder pain and arm pain.(据美国顶级医院之一的梅奥诊所称，女性不太可能出现胸痛，而胸痛被认为是心脏病发作的典型症状。相反，他们有更多的非典型症状，包括肩痛和手臂痛。)”可知，女性心脏病发作不太可能出现胸痛这样被认为是心脏病发作的典型症状，而是一些其他非典型症状，由此可知，女性死于心脏病的风险比男性高的原因是女性通常表现出不太明显的症状。故选B项。 75．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still, the fields of healthcare and medicine see a male’s body as the “standard” human body. For example, Valium (安定) has been promoted as the “mother’s little helper” for treating anxiety among women. However, a study noted that the medicine developer had never conducted a single trial involving women until 2003.(尽管如此，医疗保健和医学领域仍将男性的身体视为“标准”人体。例如，安定被宣传为治疗女性焦虑的“母亲的小帮手”。然而，一项研究指出，该药物开发商在2003年之前从未进行过一项涉及女性的试验。)”可知，医疗保健和医学领域将男性作为研究的“标准”人体，进而在下文提到“安定”，而一项研究表明，“安定”在2003年之前从未进行过一项涉及女性的试验，由此可知，在医疗保健和医学领域，性别上的不平等是存在的，所以，提到“安定”的目的是为了证明基于性别的保健不平等。故选A项。 76．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research. From diagnosis to treatment, gender differences are often overlooked.(据《福布斯》报道，医学研究传统上是由男性领导的，这不可避免地导致医学研究中缺乏与女性相关的数据和信息。从诊断到治疗，性别差异往往被忽视。)”可知，根据《福布斯》报道，在医学研究中由于是男性占主导地位，所以导致医学研究中缺乏与女性相关的数据和信息，在诊断到治疗，性别差异往往被忽视，结合下文中介绍的女性患有心脏病表现症状与男性症状不同而导致的误诊以及即使诊断正确，在治疗方面也同样缺乏针对患有心脏病的女性的治疗药物，结合尾段中的“Take a look at the medicine you have taken recently: There’s always one recommended dosage for adults. But who is this dosage meant for? An adult in general, or specifically an adult man?(看一看你最近吃过的药:总是有一个成人推荐剂量。但这药是给谁用的?一般来说是指成年人，还是指成年男子?)”可知，作者建议人们留意一下吃过的药物中所谓的成人剂量是给成年人还是成年男子的，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是在保健和医药领域的性别差距。故选C项。 Passage 20 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江温州·期末）There’s an old African proverb that states, “When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind.” A group of environmental chemists who study what kinds of contaminants people are exposed to in their own homes claim: wearing your outside shoes inside won’t just mess up your carpet; it is, in fact, scientifically wrong. Shoes worn outside can be media for all kinds of dirt and microbes. According to the experts, about one-third of the matter building up inside your home comes from outside, much of it being tracked in on the soles of our shoes. But not all dirt is bad dirt. Some household germs can actually be useful in helping build up a child’s immune system, for example. But the real issue is that some of the disease-causing organisms found on our shoes and floors are drug-resistant, causing illnesses that are difficult to treat. “Cancer-causing toxins can be found on these shoes,” scientists say, “so it is best to leave your filth outside the door.” Every day we carry much dirt with us on the soles of our shoes-mud. For many households, the pandemic has greatly reduced the number of places we go to. But even at that, all it takes is one walk down the street or a few minutes at the park to make you bring something nasty back home. It’s important to note that not wearing shoes inside is more than just a hygiene thing. In many cultures around the world, leaving your shoes at the door is a sign of respect, a nod to superstition and it may even be in service of good health. Reflexologists (反射治疗师) say that walking around barefoot can help boost your circulation, improve your sleep quality and stimulate the reflexes on the soles of your feet, reducing inflammation, pain and tension. 77．What can we learn about dirt? A．All the dirt in the house comes from dirty shoes. B．The dirt can help build up a child’s immune system. C．The dirt brought back by shoes is very harmful to adults. D．About a third of the dirt produced in the home comes from the outside. 78．What’s the author’s attitude towards leaving shoes at the doorstep? A．Supportive B．Critical C．Indifferent D．Neutral 79．There are many benefits of not wearing shoes indoors except ________. A．showing respect B．stimulating reflection C．avoiding messing up carpet D．reducing the amount of dirt 80．What’s the best title of the text? A．Walking barefoot or not B．Getting rid of your home dirt C．Learning from African proverbs D．Leaving shoes at the doorstep for health reasons 【答案】77．D 78．A 79．B 80．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了在室内不穿室外鞋的重要性以及带来的一些健康好处。 77．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to the experts, about one-third of the matter building up inside your home comes from outside, much of it being tracked in on the soles of our shoes.(根据专家的说法，大约三分之一在你家里堆积的物质来自外部，其中大部分是通过我们的鞋底追踪到的。)”可知，大约三分之一的家里产生的污垢来自外部。故选D。 78．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to the experts, about one-third of the matter building up inside your home comes from outside, much of it being tracked in on the soles of our shoes.(根据专家的说法，大约三分之一在你家里堆积的物质来自外部，其中大部分是通过我们的鞋底追踪到的。)”以及本段中“But the real issue is that some of the disease-causing organisms found on our shoes and floors are drug-resistant, causing illnesses that are difficult to treat.(但真正的问题是，在我们的鞋子和地板上发现的一些致病微生物是耐药的，会导致难以治疗的疾病。)”可知，作者认为家里堆积的物质来自外部，其中大部分是通过我们的鞋底追踪到的；并且这些鞋底发现的一些微生物是致病的。因此是反对在室内穿鞋的，因此作者对于在门廊留下鞋子持支持态度。故选A。 79．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s important to note that not wearing shoes inside is more than just a hygiene thing. In many cultures around the world, leaving your shoes at the door is a sign of respect, a nod to superstition and it may even be in service of good health.(重要的是要注意，在室内不穿鞋不仅仅是卫生问题。在世界各地的许多文化中，把鞋子放在门口是一种尊重的表现，是对迷信的认可，甚至可能有助于身体健康。)”可知，室内不穿鞋不仅仅是卫生问题即避免弄脏地毯，以及减少灰尘之外，在许多文化中，把鞋子放在门口也是一种尊重的表现。故选B。 80．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讨论了在室内不穿室外鞋的重要性。专家表示，室外鞋底携带大量的污染物和微生物，大约有三分之一的家内灰尘来自于鞋子。虽然不是所有的灰尘都是有害的，但一些鞋子及地板上的病原体对药物具有抗性，可能导致难以治疗的疾病。此外，科学家警告说，这些鞋子上可能存在致癌的微生物，因此最好将污物留在门外。不穿鞋进入室内不仅仅是为了卫生，在很多文化中，脱鞋进屋是一种尊重、迷信的表现，也可能有益于健康。足部反射治疗师认为，光脚行走可以促进血液循环，提高睡眠质量，减少炎症、疼痛和紧张。因此D选项“Leaving shoes at the doorstep for health reasons(出于健康考虑把鞋子放在门口)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选D。 Passage 21 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江温州·期末）Life is precious, but health is more precious than it because life without health is just like food without taste. Health gives you the opportunity to live your life full of joy and make you able to do all of its activities as you desire. When you live a healthy lifestyle, your body remains healthy, and your mind stays fresh. So, this would prevent you from so many severe diseases, and live a healthy life to its full extent. Living a healthy lifestyle not only extends your life but also rejuvenates your body and mind; it will help you feel better. Although a healthy habit is very hard to develop, it needs a change in one’s mindset. But a firm will and a focused goal will help you to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Most of us have some kinds of health issues like overweight, lack of energy, and dull appearance. A good healthy lifestyle plays an important role in overcoming these issues. It will encourage you to live your life with no chance of a great difficulty in life. A healthy lifestyle plays a vital role in boosting the energy in a person’s body and providing a better performance in every activity of life. It minimizes the chances of insufficient sleep, and a person’s body will get all the essential nutrients (营养) that are required to function precisely. A healthy lifestyle includes slight changes in life like daily habits and routine, and the most important food you eat because the food you eat impacts directly on your body and behavior. Bad habits in your daily lifestyle may lead to a bad emotion, and you can improve it by adopting a healthy lifestyle. It will lead you to a relaxed mind and keep you energetic in a day. It is human nature that when a person is happy and satisfied, he performs his work more accurately and creatively, but if his mood is not refreshing then he can’t perform anything at his best. A fine and healthy lifestyle will help the person to release stress and tension from his mind, so this person can perform all the tasks in his best condition and give amazing results. 81．Why does the author mention the importance of life? A．To provide an example. B．To supp$$ 专题01 阅读理解(说明文)(一) ( 地 城 高频话题 01 语言文化 / 饮食健康 ) Passage 1 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary, expanding from a mere 300 lexemes by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding 1,000 by the age of four, remains a subject of profound enigma. Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this linguistic feat. However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions. An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data — previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables. These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than hitherto presumed. It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made, sophisticated linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words, posits Jessica Sullivan, an adjunct professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,” she articulates, as it presents corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation. The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities inherent to human cognition. Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing billions, if not trillions, of lexical permutations. In stark contrast, human beings manage with a significantly reduced informational intake, as articulated by the principal scribe of the study, Wai Keen Vong. With the appropriate genre of data, the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities. Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics. She remarks that AI research has the potential to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time. “We can harness these paradigms in a salutary manner, to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,” Portelance further elaborates. 1．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research? A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age. B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data. C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations. D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed. 2．What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect. 3．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5? A．Its limitations. B．Its strengths. C．Its uniqueness. D．Its process. 4．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive. Passage 2 （2023-2024学年高二下·安徽·期末）In the Roman times and throughout the Middle Ages, salt was a valuable commodity (商品), and also served as “white gold”. Soldiers in the Roman army were sometimes paid with salt instead of money. Their monthly allowance was called “salarium” (“sal” being the Latin word for salt). This Latin root can be recognized in the French word “salaire” and it eventually made it into English as the word “salary”. Language is something we take for granted. However, as the example with the word “salary” shows, languages are not static. Like biological species, languages change over time, and sometimes develop to give rise to several descendant (后代) languages. For example, French, Italian, and Spanish are among the languages that have evolved from Latin. And like species, languages can go extinct, too. Given all these similarities, linguists (语言学家) who study the evolution of languages often use tools that are similar to those used by evolutionary biologists. One such tool is the reconstruction of a species tree. Such a tree shows the evolutionary history and relationships within a given group of biological species. Using a reconstructed species tree, evolutionary biologists can often infer specific characteristics of ancestral species. Or they can match up common ancestors in the tree with actual fossils that have been found by paleontologists (古生物学家). This allows them to put real dates at various branching points in the tree. Thus, species tree reconstruction is an essential tool in studying biological evolution. A similar technique can be used to study language evolution because languages also evolve and consist of words that can be easily compared. Indeed, linguists have reconstructed entire language trees. And as with species trees, characteristics of ancient ancestral languages can be derived (衍生) from them. Of course, there also are some differences between species evolution and language evolution, each requiring unique additional methods to study them in detail. But, overall, it is fascinating to see how the basic ideas and research tools of language evolution are similar to those of biological evolution. 5．Why does the author mention the word “salary” in paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the evolution of language. B．To present the effect of Latin on languages. C．To stress the value of salt in ancient times. D．To show developments in linguistic theory. 6．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Cultural diversity and biodiversity are linked. B．Species and languages have a lot in common. C．Human-caused mass extinction is accelerating. D．Languages influence and learn from each other. 7．What can we know about the reconstructed species tree? A．It is currently in the design stage. B．It facilitates the research of linguists. C．It can be used in a variety of ways. D．It is the first choice for biologists. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Language System Evolved Over Time B．The Twin Extinctions of Species and Languages C．Salt Played a Crucial Role in Early Human History D．From Salt to Salary: Linguists Take a Page from Biology Passage 3 （2023-2024学年高二下·河南安阳·期末）Language gradually shifts over time. Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little deals with the forces of human cognitive（认知的）selection that fix certain words into the dictionary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. In an experiment much like a game of telephone, thousands of participants read English-language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others. Only certain words from the first stories survived in the final versions. Researchers analyzed the word types speakers consistently favored, theorizing that such preferences drive language change over time. The scientists also separately analyzed two large collections of English historical texts from the past two centuries, containing more than 40 billion words — again seeing only certain types survive. The results show three features that give words an “evolutionary（进化的）advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age (such as "hand" "uncle" or "today") are stabler. Next, concrete words remain better than abs tract ones: "dog" persists longer than "animal", which persists longer than "organism". Lastly, emotionally exciting words — whether negative or positive — tend to continue to exist. Early language-evolution models assumed that language becomes increasingly complex over time. But Indiana University Bloomington cognitive scientist Fritz Breithaupt says the new study supports a more recent theory that language finally gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, "the English language is not baby talk." Breithaupt explains: "We shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need." New words that address the complexity of modern life may somewhat balance out this shift. 9．What is the purpose of the new study? A．To find out why language gradually shifts over time. B．To present society is a key factor in language change. C．To identify how cognitive selection affects language change. D．To figure out what words are easily included in the dictionary. 10．What were the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Play games on the phone. B．Read stories to other participants. C．Rewrite what they read for others. D．Analyze the words they prefer to use. 11．Which words have the most evolutionary advantage according to the new study? A．Head, imagination and happy. B．Mouth, horse and disappointed. C．Insect, fortune and competition. D．Soccer, organism and adventure. 12．What is Fritz Breithaupt's attitude towards the new study? A．Tolerant. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. Passage 4 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖北咸宁·期末）All authorities on the style of English essays agree that good writing is brief. Careful writers say what they mean in as few words as possible. A classic statement of this principle appears in the famous little book of William Strunk, Jr., and E. B．White, The Elements of Style: “Vigorous (有力的) writing is brief. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.” It follows that any words which perform no useful function in the sentence — that is, which add nothing to the meaning — should be edited out. Almost every text that has been translated into English from Chinese,(or that has been written directly in English by a native speaker of Chinese) contains unnecessary words. Draft translations are commonly full of them, and even polished final versions are rarely free of them. Read anything that has been published in English for foreign readers — a magazine article, a news story, an advertisement — and you are likely to find unnecessary words. Read even the shortest of English texts — the label on a food product, a billboard on the street,’:  company name on the front of a building — and, if you are on the alert to recognize the chances are that you will find words that could and should have been left out. Unnecessary words are the typical quality of Chinglish. Unnecessary words can be any part of speech — nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverb prepositions, articles (冠词), and so on. In the following chapters we shall consider the important types, starting with unnecessary nouns and verbs, which often go hand in hand. 13．What does the book The Elements of Style advocate? A．A sentence should be as short as possible. B．Unnecessary words shouldn’t be in a sentence. C．A drawing should have vivid colors. D．A machine should function perfectly. 14．What is the main idea of the last three paragraphs? A．Unnecessary words is a common issue. B．Only Chinglish contains unnecessary words. C．Readers should be careful about unnecessary words. D．Polished sentences could avoid unnecessary words. 15．What is the author’s attitude towards unnecessary words? A．Tolerant. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain. 16．According to the text, which of the following doesn’t contain unnecessary words? A．... to accelerate the speed of economic reform. B．... there have been good harvests in agriculture. C．We should adopt a series of measures to ensure that. D．... living standards in urban and rural areas continued to rise. Passage 5 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江湖州·期末）Americans are drinking less milk today than they did 40 years ago. In fact, Americans are drinking about 40 percent less than they did in 1975. This decrease has led the United States dairy industry to explore new ways to get people to drink milk. One method it is testing: Help to set up coffee bars in US high schools. The schools prepare coffee drinks in different ways, but milk is always the main ingredient in lattes (拿铁咖啡). That is why Midwest Dairy is providing financial help for a coffee bar at a high school in the Fort Zumwalt, Missouri during the upcoming schoolyear. In exchange, the group will get data on how much milk is used for the lattes, as well as other information about food products with dairy. Dairy groups have provided money for high schools in many states. At a high school in North Dakota, for example, an endowment given by a dairy group helped pay for a coffee machine. The device makes lattes with about 0. 23 liters of milk each. The drinks used around 2 000 liters of milk this past school year. Not all high school coffee bars get money from dairy groups. Even then, the money may only cover a small amount of the costs. But school food operators say lattes give American teenagers another reason to stay on school grounds. While dairy is a good way to get calcium and vitamin D, it is not the only way to get such nutrients, says Doctor Natalie Muth. She is a childcare specialist and representative for the American Academy of Pediatrics. As for lattes, Muth says there are ways to persuade students to get the nutrients of milk without promoting caffeine use. 17．Why are US hich school students encouraged to drink coffee? A．To consume milk. B．To keep them healthy. C．To test a new mixed drink. D．To compare coffee with milk. 18．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “endowment” in Paragraph 3? A．Loan. B．Donation. C．Equipment. D．Scholarship. 19．What do school food operators think of coffee in school? A．It is harmful to students B．It is popular among students. C．It benefits students’ health a lot. D．It is a good way to make money 20．What's Muth’s attitude toward the coffee bars in school? A．Supportive. B．Grateful. C．Disapproving D．Understanding Passage 6 （2023-2024学年高二下·河南濮阳·期末）The first U. S. cookbook was published in 1796, and since then, they have provided insight into different times in American history. Cookbooks tell us what foods were available during the period the books were written. If you see a lot of recipes for things that are preserved for pickles (腌菜), you know that you’re looking at a time without refrigeration. In the late 1860s, many recipes started paying more attention to food bacteria concerns and healthy-seeming foods, reflecting society’s growing knowledge of both subjects. Cookbooks show that meal planning changed in the 1930s, when refrigerators became more common in American homes. Early cookbooks were also lifestyle guides. So, there were not only some recipes for food, but recipes for a cleaning solvent (溶剂) or what to do when your child were poisoned, how to clean, and how to get spots out. Cookbooks became more diversified and regional after the Civil War. Southern writers, and some Northern writers, began publishing cookbooks in an attempt to memorialize, and beautify, the American South. They became very successful and they really helped to develop a sense of what southern hospitality was. Community cookbooks, edited by more than one person, often as a fundraiser or for charity, ultimately provide insight into what middle-class Americans were eating at a given time, as well as a statement about neighborhoods and groups. Cookbooks, however, sort of stop being a comprehensive reflection of society now. You really have to think about the publishing world and who it is, where it is, and what it wants. The publishing world doesn’t necessarily have the goal of representing the truth of Americans because it wants to make money. But publishing’s control of the storytelling has loosened. Social media and food blogs have led to the freedom of conversations around food, recipes and cooking, giving consumers more power. But that doesn’t mean that the golden age of cookbooks is over. Cookbooks are still one of the most popular books out there and are purchased regularly. They’re very good to give as gifts. They’re very, very popular because they’re sort of neutral (中立的). And everyone loves a cookbook, especially with beautiful pages. 21．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．There are always recipes to make pickles in cookbooks. B．Refrigerators first entered American homes in the 1930s. C．People ate more healthy foods in the late 1860s than now. D．The cooking method changes as the equipment improves. 22．What does the fourth paragraph mainly focus on? A．The variety of cookbooks. B．The popularity of cookbooks. C．The limitations of cookbooks. D．The editors of cookbooks. 23．What weakens the power of cookbooks now? A．New media. B．Picky consumers. C．Outdated content. D．Economic downturn. 24．What does the author say about U. S. cookbooks? A．They are all about some recipes for food. B．They are still appealing for their objective description. C．They are the voice of middle-class Americans. D．They are purchased more easily online now. Passage 7 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖北·期末）Climate breakdown is always changing the taste and quality of beer, scientists have warned. The quantity and quality of hops (啤酒花), a key ingredient in most be, is being affected by global heating, according to a study. As a result, beer may become more expensive and manufacturers will have to adapt their brewing (酿造) methods. Researchers forecast that hop yields in European growing regions will fall by 4 — 18% by 2050 if farmers do not adapt to hotter and drier weather, while the content of alpha acids in the hops, which gives beers their distinctive taste and smell, will fall by 20 — 31%. “Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change, either in the price tag or the quality,” said Miroslav Trnka, a scientist at the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and co-author of the study, published in the journal Nature Communications. “That seems to be inevitable from our data.” Beer, the third-most popular drink in the world after water and tea, is usually flavoured with aromatic (芳香的) hops grown mostly in the middle latitudes that are sensitive to changes in light, heat and water. In recent years, demand for high-quality hops has been pushed up by a boom in craft beers with stronger flavors. But emissions of planet-heating gases are putting the plant at risk, the study found. In Germany, the second-biggest hop producer in the world, average hop yields have fallen, the study found. Beer-brewing in central Europe dates back to thousands of years and is a cornerstone of the culture. The study found the alpha acid content of hops, which give beer its distinct aroma, had fallen in all regions. Andreas Auernhammer, a hop farmer in Spalt in southern Germany, said the total rainfall in his fields had changed little but that now “the rain does not come at the right time”. 25．Which one is NOT an influential factor affecting the flavor and price of beer? A．Climate shifts and greenhouse gases emissions. B．Adaptation to new planting methods among farmers. C．Geographical location and sensitivity of hops. D．The decline in hop yields. 26．What does the underlined word “inevitable” mean in Paragraph 3? A．incapable. B．affordable. C．unavoidable. D．valuable 27．Which statement is FALSE? A．Hops are vitally necessary ingredient in most beers. B．It tends to rain less in European hops growing regions. C．Beer producing has a long history in Germany. D．Alpha acid content of hops had greatly decreased in the world. 28．The purpose of the passage is__________. A．to emphasize the environmental influence on hops B．to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection C．to help hop farmers make more profits D．to save hop production from global warming Passage 8 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）A significant proportion of the American populace within the working-age demographic are encountering challenges in meeting the financial demands associated with health care, as per a recent comprehensive evaluation. This study, which is the inaugural edition of the Health Care Affordability Survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund, reveals that a substantial 51 percent of adults falling within the age bracket of 19 to 64 years have expressed that affording health care for themselves and their family is either exceedingly challenging or moderately difficult. This observation encompasses 43 percent of individuals who are beneficiaries of health insurance provided by their employers and an even higher 57 percent who have secured health insurance through a marketplace or have opted for an individual plan. Additionally, it is noteworthy that nearly one-half of the working-age adults who are under the Medicare program and 45 percent of those who are recipients of Medicaid also admit to facing hardships in covering their health care expenses. It is particularly striking that a majority, specifically 65 percent, of working-age adults have indicated that the escalation in the cost of various goods and services over the past year has had a detrimental impact on their capacity or that of their family to manage health care expenses. The aforementioned survey, which is based on a sample that is representative of the nation and comprises nearly 7,900 individuals who are 19 years of age or older, was carried out from the mid-point of April through the month of July in the current year. This survey follows on the heels of another analysis conducted by the research entity known as KFF, which demonstrated an upward trend in the costs associated with health insurance for employer-sponsored plans as well as an increase in the contributions made by workers towards these plans in the year 2023. The newly disseminated analysis has further unearthed that 38 percent of the individuals who participated in the survey identified cost as the primary factor that led them or a family member to either forgo or postpone the receipt of necessary health care services or the procurement of prescribed medication within the last 12 months. This includes 29 percent of those who are under the protection of employer-based coverage, 37 percent who are insured through individual and marketplace health plans, 42 percent who are covered by Medicare, and 39 percent who are recipients of Medicaid. Furthermore, it is observed that more than six-tenths of the individuals who are devoid of any form of health insurance have reported that they or a family member have had to delay or forgo medical care due to financial constraints. Among all those who have reported such instances of skipping or delaying care, a considerable 57 percent have stated that a health issue has consequently deteriorated. 29．How does the article present Americans’ health care payment situation? A．By citing data. B．By giving examples. C．By giving reasons. D．By making comparisons. 30．What leads to most working-age Americans’ difficulty in paying health care costs? A．Their heavy debt. B．Unemployment. C．Higher cost of living. D．Higher health care payment. 31．What may the underlined phrase in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Declined. B．Climbed up. C．Remained stable. D．Kept uncertain. 32．What may happen to those who lacked any type of health insurance? A．They may get worse if they have health problems. B．They are sure to obtain help from the government. C．They may have to skip or delay any health problems. D．They may not get affected with any diseases. Passage 9 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东·期末）Dr. William Farber, a forward-thinking veterinarian, is not one to be swayed by the skepticism of his peers. After performing acupuncture on a rabbit, he asserts, “I am not crazy,” and instead considers himself to be “ahead of my time.” Despite occasional ridicule from coworkers due to his unconventional methods, Farber is confident in the effectiveness of his approach. Farber, an alumnus of Colorado State University, initially followed a more traditional veterinary path. His interest in alternative treatments was piqued 20 years ago when he experienced severe back pain. After finding little relief from muscle-relaxing drugs, he turned to acupuncture — an ancient Chinese therapeutic practice — and was pleasantly surprised by the improvement he experienced after just a few sessions. This personal success inspired him to explore these techniques further, leading him to integrate them into his veterinary practice after a couple of years of study. Farber’s holistic approach to veterinary medicine, which combines traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic, and herbal medicine, has yielded positive outcomes for his patients. Leigh Tindale’s dog, Charlie, who suffered from a serious heart condition, was given an additional five months of life thanks to Farber’s treatments, which significantly alleviated Charlie’s suffering. Similarly, Priscilla Dewing noticed that her horse, Nappy, enjoyed improved mobility and comfort after receiving a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is optimistic about the future of holistic veterinary medicine, and the growth in membership of the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association — from 30 in 1982 to over 700 today — suggests that his optimism may be well-founded. He expresses his commitment to his work, saying, “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well. I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” His dedication to finding the most effective treatments for animals, whether traditional or holistic, underscores his commitment to his profession and the well-being of the animals he treats. 33．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 34．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 35．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 36．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. Passage 10 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being. Academics in the field posit that the excellence of one’s slumber may indeed be instrumental in the prolongation of one’s lifespan. Male subjects who enjoy a state of somnolent tranquility could potentially extend their existence by a span of nearly five decades in comparison to those bereft of such repose. The female counterparts stand to gain an increment of two decades. Additionally, it has been observed that youthful individuals who adhere to salutary somniferous routines are less susceptible to a premature demise. However, the mere quantity of repose is insufficient to reap the potential healthful dividends; the caliber of one’s slumber is equally pivotal. The parameters of commendable slumber were delineated by a quintet of distinct criteria. These encompassed an optimal duration of seven to eight hours of repose per nocturnal cycle; experiencing difficulty in the initiation of sleep no more than twice per hebdomadal period; similar challenges in maintaining somnolence no more than twice weekly; abstaining from the consumption of any soporific pharmaceuticals; and awakening with a sensation of invigoration on no fewer than five days per septenary cycle. The conclusions derived from the study intimate that approximately 8% of fatalities, irrespective of their etiology, could be imputed to inadequate somniferous patterns. Dr. Frank Qian, a resident physician specializing in internal medicine at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, America, remarked, “A distinct proportional response relationship was discerned. Consequently, an increase in the beneficial elements pertaining to the quality of sleep correlates with a progressive diminution in mortality from all causes.” The research collated data from a populace of 172,321 individuals with an average age of 50, of which 54% were female. These participants were engaged in the National Health Interview Survey, spanning the years 2013 to 2018, which sought to scrutinize the well-being of the American populace, inclusive of inquiries into their somniferous habits. The subjects were tracked for a mean period of 4.3 years, during which 8,681 succumbed to death. Of these fatalities, 2,610 (30%) were attributable to cardiovascular afflictions, 2,052 (24%) to oncological disorders, and 4,019 (46%) to a miscellany of other causes. Among the male and female participants who reported adherence to all five indices of quality sleep (an optimal quintile score), the expectancy of life was augmented by 4.7 years for males and by 2.4% for females, in contradistinction to those who possessed none or a solitary factor. Further scholarly endeavor is warranted to elucidate the raison d’être for the dichotomy in the enhancement of life expectancy, with males exhibiting twice the increment observed in females despite equivalent somniferous quality. A caveat of the study lies in the reliance on self-reported somniferous habits, which were not subjected to objective quantification or verification. 37．Who is most likely to have a good sleep? A．Alice, who falls asleep as soon as she touches the pillow after taking a sleeping pill every day. B．Betty, who falls asleep quickly and has a nightmare at least 3 times a week. C．Candy, who feels refreshed after sleeping tight weekdays. D．David, who counts sheep and has a sound sleep every day. 38．What can we learn from the passage? A．The sleep habits in the study were reported by the test subjects. B．Quantity of sleep was enough to achieve the health benefits. C．Men had double the life span compared with women. D．Poor sleep pattern caused 8% of deaths from all causes of cancer. 39．How did the researchers come to their findings ? A．By referring to another study. B．By consulting the authoritative agencies. C．By interviewing the professionals. D．By conducting data analysis. 40．What is the writer’s attitude to the the finding of the study? A．Ambiguous B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Doubtful Passage 11 （2023-2024学年高二下·广东深圳·期末）Max Du emerged victorious at the Canada-Wide Science Fair with an innovative project that could revolutionize emergency response: a drone designed to assist individuals experiencing cardiac arrest. His creative spark was ignited during the Christmas break of the previous year when he received a toy drone from his parents. Due to the snowy conditions, Max was unable to fly his new gadget outdoors, prompting him to explore its potential as an indoor robot that could be of service to people in need. In Canada, approximately 35,000 individuals suffer from cardiac arrests annually, with the majority of these incidents occurring outside of hospital settings. Sadly, less than 10 percent of these individuals survive. Max was convinced that a drone could provide more rapid assistance and deliver life-saving medication, but he knew he had to construct one himself to validate his hypothesis. The process of testing his drone spanned six months, during which Max’s parents had to tolerate their son’s persistent drone flights and mishaps within their home. Each innovative feature Max developed, such as a deployable arm, added weight to the drone, causing it to disintegrate. This necessitated the purchase of new components. Through experimentation, Max eventually discovered a more lightweight material, leading to a better-balanced design. After a series of trials and adjustments, the 14-year-old successfully perfected his drone. It is now capable of opening door handles, navigating through the air, and landing gently on the ground. The drone features a new extendable arm designed to administer injections or deliver crucial medication to a patient. Additionally, an integrated camera allows for direct communication with an emergency response team, enabling remote monitoring of the patient. Max is looking forward to filing for a patent to establish connections within the healthcare sector and bring his invention to fruition. He spent his summer acquiring knowledge in artificial intelligence at Stanford University in California, where he was one of only 32 students chosen globally. Following this, he will attend the University of Pennsylvania to enroll in a college-level robotics course before resuming his high school studies in September. 41．Why did Max Du design a drone by himself? A．He had sympathy for those with heart attacks. B．He had nothing to do in Christmas holidays. C．He wanted use it to help his parents. D．He tried to make it fly in the snow. 42．What can we learn from paragraphs 2 and 3? A．Most of the people with cardiac arrests in Canada can survive. B．Max’s parents were unwilling to help during his drone design. C．It’s very important to control the balance of the drone. D．Max’s design of the extendable arm is very smooth. 43．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The instructions for using the drone. B．The reason for applying for a patent. C．The process of Max’s success. D．The functions of the new drone. 44．Which of the following can best describe Max? A．Considerate and brave. B．Talented and creative. C．Clever and honest. D．Helpful and loyal. Passage 12 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）From “gig-tripping” to “travel dupes” to “hush trips,” the number of new travel trends is seemingly endless. But perhaps the most appealing concept in the tourism space of late is the “sleepeation”. So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation. According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. The research also showed that sleeping topped the list of U. S. travelers’ main activities for their next vacation, outranking shopping, nightlife and wildlife spotting. While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay. The Malibu Beach Inn in Southern California features two designated “sleep suites”, and the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai on Hawaii’s Big Island offers an 80-minute “sweet dreams” massage treatment meant to promote a good night’s rest. Virgin Hotels Dallasoffers blackout curtains in each room and bedtime amenities(便利设施)like bath bombs and relaxation spray. Although these amenities and services might seem like unnecessary luxuries, the reality is that doing whatever you can to prioritize sleep is quite important. “Most people don’t get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep per night,” noted Danielle Desir Corbett, a luxury travel and personal finance expert. “Over time, this ‘sleep debt’ can have serious health implications, affecting cognitive(认知的)function, mood, weight, and immune systems. Sleep is even linked to chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Sleepeations focus on rest and rejuvenation and can be a powerful tool in preventing health issues.” 45．What did Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report find? A．Travelers are more mindful of their sleep health. B．The travelers’ activities are more and more varied. C．Only a few travelers are interested in sleep tourism. D．Sleep is good for our physical and mental wellness. 46．Why does the author mention the hotels in Paragraph 3? A．To show us the luxuries of the hotels. B．To emphasize the importance of sleep. C．To prove the popularity of sleepcation. D．To make an advertisement for the hotels. 47．What is Danielle Desir Corbett’s attitude towards sleepcation? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Opposed. D．Approving. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Sleepcation: Enrich Your Vacation Activities B．Sleepcation: Be an Important Part of Your Life C．Sleepcation: Boo st the Development of Tourism D．Sleepcation: Get a Vacation from Your Vacation Passage 13 （2023-2024学年高二下·湖北·期末）Roughly 42% of Americans are nearsighted today, compared to 25% in 1971. The World Health Organization predicts that about half of the world’s population will have nearsightedness by 2050. It’s apparent that our eyesight is becoming increasingly poor, but researchers are only now beginning to understand why. Generally a childhood phenomenon, nearsightedness happens when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, taking on more of an oval (椭圆形) shape rather than a sphere (球形). Eyes have a “stop signal” so that they grow corresponding with the head, explains Gregory Schwartz, an associate professor at Northwestern University. However, that signal can be interrupted by genetic and environmental factors, which leads to our eyeballs growing a bit too much, leading to far-off objects looking out of focus. Signs you might have nearsightedness also include headaches, as well as eye stress and tiredness when doing certain activities such as driving or playing sports. The increased use of screens, most of which are high contrast, like black text on a white page, or light text on a dark background, overstimulating our eyes, causing more eye growth in children and less time spent outdoors are to blame. A 2017 study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found a connection between increased natural light exposure and a decrease in nearsightedness, particularly in children and young adults. Exposure to natural light stimulates dopamine, a chemical which helps regulate normal growth and development of the eyeball. Indoor lighting doesn’t do the trick. Most people’s vision will stabilize in their teens, but some people develop nearsightedness later in life, typically between ages 20 and 40. Poor eyesight isn’t the only downside; people with nearsightedness are at a higher risk of developing eye issues as they age. That’s why regular eye exercise is crucial. 49．What is the function of the figures in paragraph 1? A．To draw the attention of WHO. B．To introduce the research methods. C．To explain the causes of nearsightedness. D．To illustrate the seriousness of nearsightedness. 50．What happens to the eyeballs of nearsighted children? A．They are out of shape. B．They grow into a sphere. C．They match the growth of heads. D．They distinguish far-off objects easily. 51．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The overuse of screens. B．The causes of nearsightedness. C．The benefits of protecting eyes. D．The influence of exposure to light. 52．What might the author continue talking about? A．Eye issues of ageing. B．The ways to exercise eyes. C．Key factors to affect eyesight. D．The downside of nearsightedness. Passage 14 （2023-2024学年高二下·河南安阳·期末）Space travel is certainly not for someone who is not fearless, for many reasons including its effects on physical health. It can potentially disturb human immune systems (免疫系统) and increase red blood cell death. Astronaut s can even suffer from bone loss during missions. A recent study finds astronauts with no prior history of headaches may experience migraine (偏头疼) and tension-type headaches during long space flight — over 10 days in space. The study looked at 24 astronauts from NASA, the European Space Agency, and a Japanese agency. The astronauts all completed health screenings and a questionnaire about individual headache history before their space flight. Nine of them reported never having any headaches prior to the study, with three reporting a headache that disturbed their daily activities within the last year. None of the astronauts had a history of recurrent headaches or had a migraine report. During space flight, they filled out a daily questionnaire for the first seven days and a weekly questionnaire each following week throughout their stay in the International Space Station. The study found that 92 percent of the astronauts surveyed experienced headaches during space flight, compared to just 38 percent who reported experiencing headaches in the two to six months before going into space. Twenty-two of the 24 astronauts studied also experienced one or more headache times during their first week in space. About 89 percent of these headaches were tension headaches and 10 percent were likely a migraine. Headaches were also of a higher intensity and more likely to be like a migraine during the first week of their space flight. According to W. P. J. van Oosterhout, study co-author, the changes to the brain’s balance and posture system, combined with adjusting to zero gravity during the first week of their space flight, can lead to space motion sickness in the first week, of which headache is the most frequently reported symptom. One of the study’s limitations is that it relied on self-reporting of symptoms, so the memory recall may not have been completely accurate. “Further research is needed to explain the underlying causes of space headache and explore how such discoveries may provide insights into headaches occurring on Earth,” said van Oosterhout. 53．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The danger of space travel. B．The process of the new study. C．The standard of choosing the astronauts. D．Astronauts’ full preparation for space travel. 54．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By analyzing reasons. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving examples. D．By listing figures. 55．What does the new study find about the headache? A．It will result in space motion sickness. B．It will become more serious with the flight on. C．It is an experience for most astronauts in the early space flight. D．It helps astronauts keep a balance between the brain and the body. 56．What does van Oosterhout think of the new finding? A．It has small sample size. B．It needs to be improved further. C．It is correct and true in every detail. D．It will solve the space headache problem to some degree. Passage 15 （2023-2024学年高二下·山东临沂·期末）Last year, in San Antonio, Dr. Pascal Badiou carefully implanted an outer ear on a woman born without right ear. For Badiou, a recognized expert in the field, such a procedure would normally be routine. But this case had a unique aspect: For the first time, the ear he was implanting was the product of a 3D bioprinter using the woman's own cartilage (软骨) cells. The ability to 3D print human organs is astonishing. Nearly 106, 000 Americans are currently on waiting lists for organ donations, and 17 die each day while waiting, according to the federal Health Resources and Services Administration. A 3D bioprinting process that uses the patient’s own cells to grow organs would potentially curb that waiting list. In 3D bioprinting, the name of the game is cells. The process begins by generating the cells that researchers want to bioprint, which are then instructed to become organ specific cell types. The cells are then turned into a printable bio-ink, mixing them with extra materials to give them a toothpaste-like consistency (黏稠度). The bio-ink is loaded into syringes (注射器) and squeezed out of a nozzle (喷嘴). Once it is finished, the printed tissue is sometimes connected to a pump that drives oxygen and nutrients through it. Given time, the tissue develops on its own and increases in both maturity and function “The 3D bioprinter gives you several advantages, ” says Atala, director of Wake Forest Institute. “Instead of making these tissues and organs by hand one at a time, you can automate the printer to do it. What’s more, we can more precisely locate the cells where they’re needed, and lower overall cost for the increased scale. And in terms of organ transplant, a new organ made of a patient's own cells makes rejection far less likely. ” It sounds science fiction, but it's already happening. “I think that in 10 years we will have organs for transplantation,” says Atala. “We will start with simple organs like skin and cartilage, but then we'll move on to more complicated tissues — eventually the heart, liver, kidney.” 57．What makes the implant operation special? A．Humans first successfully implanted an outer ear B．It made Dr. Badiou a recognized expert of his field. C．The 3D bio-printed product was used in implanting. D．The implant procedure was designed by 3D technology. 58．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The advantages of 3D bioprinting. B．The urgent need of 3D bioprinting. C．The potential market of organ donations. D．The increasing number of organ donations. 59．What can we learn about the process? A．The cells are mixed to increase consistency. B．The printed tissue can develop itself by time. C．3D bioprinter generates organ specific cell types D．The tissue drives oxygen and nutrients through a pump. 60．What can we infer from what Atala says? A．Lowering overall cost leads to the increased scale. B．3D bioprinted organs minimize the risk of rejection. C．More complicated tissues will replace simple organs. D．3D bioprinter precisely locate the organs that are needed. Passage 16 （2023-2024学年高二下·江西南昌·期末）On the crowded supermarket shelves, food products try to attract attention, using packaging and labels to clinch the deal. Around 72% of American consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions. Food companies are aware of this and understand that it applies to packaging design as well as the message conveyed through labels. Louis Biscotti, the National Leader for Food Beverage Services Group, writes that when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) update d its policy on the nutrition facts label for packaged foods in 2020, food and drink companies found they could use the labels on their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to drive increase in sales. The information on the FDA labels and what they packed onto their labels and packaging greatly increased sales. Many consumers surveyed were more likely to buy products with “natural” labels. A new report takes a look at the popularity of the “natural” claim on food packaging and it’s eye-opening. “Food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low cost because regulatory (监管的) agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and that the product was hardly processed,” the authors explain. While that is certainly valuable information to know, the problem is in consumers’ understanding of what “natural” means. Studies show that people think a product labeled as “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it actually does, with most consumers mistakenly linking health and environmental care qualities to food with “natural” labels. In a 2022 survey, 86% of people reported that they purchased products with “natural” labels because they believed the labels indicated better-than-standard animal welfare and higher environmental care production practices. That might simply seem discouraging as food producers are taking advantage of consumers’ innocence to increase sales. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for stricter labeling. These producers are doing good but ending up at a competitive disadvantage if consumers consider foods labeled “natural” as alike. As a consequence, any health and environmental care benefits that might have been realized from consumers choosing products that matched their preferences could be lost. 61．What does the underlined word “clinch” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Secure. B．Standardize. C．Close. D．Cut. 62．What was the consequence of the FDA’s 2020 policy on packaged foods? A．It helped consumers make careful choices. B．It led to a sharp price rise in packaged foods. C．Companies found new chances to increase sales. D．Companies were forced to make more healthy products. 63．Why does the food with the “natural” label gain favor with consumers? A．It has a better taste. B．It is at a lower price. C．It comes in a great many varieties. D．It is thought to be healthy and green. 64．What’s the text mainly about? A．Label design is important for food companies. B．The message on food labels may be misleading. C．Customers should check the label before purchasing. D．“Natural” labels should be added to food packaging. Passage 17 （2023-2024学年高二下·江西赣州·期末）New research shows that the health consequences of wildfire smoke exposure stretch well beyond the smoky days themselves, contributing to nearly 16,000 deaths each year across the U.S., according to a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. The analysis warns that number could grow to nearly 30,000 deaths a year by the middle of the century. Wildfire smoke is rarely listed as a cause of death on people’s death certificates. But research has shown that tiny particles present in smoke worsen many different health problems. These particles penetrate (渗透) deep into people’s lungs and can cross into the bloodstream or even into the brain. Repeated exposures, or high-concentration exposures, can worsen other health problems, from heart and kidney disease to promoting the onset of dementia (痴呆) symptoms. In some cases, the stress from wildfire smoke is so great that some people die. Because the harm from wildfire smoke can accumulate and isn’t always immediately obvious, the long-term risks from wildfire smoke exposure have gone underestimated. The NBER analysis used a suite of different computer models to figure out the relationship between fire activity and how much smoke was produced. In years like 2020, some northern  California counties were exposed to double their normal pollution load for the year. In conditions like those, the total number of deaths increased by almost 6%. Even small increases in smoke exposure averaged out over the year, push mortality up. Even with aggressive climate action in coming decades, wildfire activity is forecast to grow—and with it, smoke exposure. By the middle of the century, models suggest people across the U.S. will likely experience two to three times as much smoke as they did before 2020. Smoke-related deaths could rise by at least 8,000 people every year. With less aggressive climate action, the number of deaths could be even higher. 65．What can be learned about wildfire smoke exposure? A．It has become the main cause of death. B．It produces immediate harmful effects. C．It makes health problems more serious. D．It can be avoided by using dust masks. 66．What will happen to Americans according to the computer models? A．Experiencing less wildfire smoke exposure. B．Facing more deaths caused by heavy smoking. C．Having more deaths connected to wildfire smoke. D．Reducing wildfire activities with aggressive actions. 67．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A scientific report. B．Analysis of climate change. C．An academic paper. D．Research findings of wildfire. 68．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Formation of Wildlife Smoke B．The Harm of Wildfire Smoke to Health C．The Ways to Reduce Wildfires D．The Causes of Too Many Wildfires Passage 18 （2023-2024学年高二下·安徽六安·期末）Anxiety isn’t funny. When we feel worried or afraid, the last thing we feel like doing is laughing. Finding humor can be difficult when we live with anxiety. However, if we begin to look for humor, we can find that laughter can be a great coping skill. Researchers have discovered that laughter has many benefits. Among the ways laughter lifts us by increasing our overall well-being and boosting our mental health. When we live with anxiety, our stress hormones pulse through us. This makes us feel tense and anxious. Although there are no quick solutions for anything in our life, a good laugh can instantly begin to reduce these harmful stress hormones that are mixed with anxiety. Laughter gets to work immediately, and a regular “diet” of laughter continues to decrease anxiety over time. The act of laughing is similar to deep breathing in its ability to increase the oxygen in our bodies. Combined with reducing stress hormones, the increased oxygen in our bodies helps lead to muscle relaxation. All of this helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety. Laughing feels good. It’s addictive and we can keep wanting more. When we laugh regularly, our anxiety begins to decrease. When we have humor and give ourselves a chance to laugh a little bit for even a short while each day, we distract our focus. Rather than seeing the world within or without as a worrying place, we start to see it as a good, safe, and perhaps even fun place. We start to see beyond the anxiety. Sure, the anxiety lingers (徘徊) for a while, but every time we laugh, we can reduce it. Introducing intentional laughter into our life decreases our stress hormones. Breathing deeply during the act of laughing relaxes muscles. Thinking about something funny shifts our focus to new things. Having humor regularly helps our outlook become more positive. 69．What can make us feel nervous? A．Pulsing stress hormones. B．Lacking sense of humour. C．Tiredness and sleepiness. D．Feeling eager to get something. 70．Why is deep breathing mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To compare it with taking exercice. B．To suggest people do it more often. C．To show its importance to the body. D．To explain how laughing reduces anxiety. 71．What does Paragraph 4 focus on in terms of laughter? A．Its functions. B．Its concept. C．Its causes. D．Its disadvantages. 72．Who might need to read the text most? A．A person who has developed a bad habit. B．A person who tends to feel nervous easily. C．A person who is fond of humorous stories. D．A person who can’t get along well with others. Passage 18 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江宁波·期末）When it comes to heart attacks, the first image that often comes to mind is that of a middle-aged or older overweight man, clutching his chest and struggling with a pained expression. You’re far less likely to think of a female heart attack victim. According to Forbes, medical research has traditionally been led by men, which unavoidably leads to a lack of female-related data and information in medical research. From diagnosis to treatment, gender differences are often overlooked. A previous study found that women are 25 percent more likely to die of heart attacks than men in the same circumstances. The reason lies in the difference in heart attack symptoms between men and women. According to the Mayo Clinic, one of the top-ranking hospitals in the US, women are less likely to have chest pains, which are deemed as a typical symptom of heart attacks. Instead, they have more atypical symptoms, including shoulder pain and arm pain. As a result, many women were initially given a mistaken diagnosis, delaying access to the right treatment and increasing the fatality rate. Even if a female is correctly and promptly diagnosed with a heart attack, there’s another problem: medicine. Research has found that certain medicines used to dissolve blood clots (凝块) right after a heart attack can be helpful for a lot of men, but might lead to serious bleeding issues in women. Still, the fields of healthcare and medicine see a male’s body as the “standard” human body. For example, Valium (安定) has been promoted as the “mother’s little helper” for treating anxiety among women. However, a study noted that the medicine developer had never conducted a single trial involving women until 2003. Take a look at the medicine you have taken recently: There’s always one recommended dosage for adults. But who is this dosage meant for? An adult in general, or specifically an adult man? 73．Which is the reason for a lack of female-related data and information in medical research? A．Gender differences are always ignored. B．Men play a main part in the medical research. C．The medical field is totally dominated by men. D．There is a shortage of women’s diagnosis and treatment. 74．Why are women at a higher risk of dying of a heart attack than men? A．Women are less willing to seek medical help. B．Women often display less obvious symptoms. C．Women are more easily given a wrong diagnosis. D．Women’s symptoms are often more severe than men’s. 75．Why does the author mention Valium in Paragraph 4? A．To demonstrate gender-based healthcare inequalities. B．To call for correct use of medicine on different people. C．To describe the historical use of Valium by both genders. D．To show Valium’s effectiveness in treating women’s anxiety. 76．What is the passage mainly about? A．Differences in heart attack treatments. B．The importance of female data in medicine. C．The gender gap in healthcare and medicine. D．Misconceptions about female data in research. Passage 20 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江温州·期末）There’s an old African proverb that states, “When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind.” A group of environmental chemists who study what kinds of contaminants people are exposed to in their own homes claim: wearing your outside shoes inside won’t just mess up your carpet; it is, in fact, scientifically wrong. Shoes worn outside can be media for all kinds of dirt and microbes. According to the experts, about one-third of the matter building up inside your home comes from outside, much of it being tracked in on the soles of our shoes. But not all dirt is bad dirt. Some household germs can actually be useful in helping build up a child’s immune system, for example. But the real issue is that some of the disease-causing organisms found on our shoes and floors are drug-resistant, causing illnesses that are difficult to treat. “Cancer-causing toxins can be found on these shoes,” scientists say, “so it is best to leave your filth outside the door.” Every day we carry much dirt with us on the soles of our shoes-mud. For many households, the pandemic has greatly reduced the number of places we go to. But even at that, all it takes is one walk down the street or a few minutes at the park to make you bring something nasty back home. It’s important to note that not wearing shoes inside is more than just a hygiene thing. In many cultures around the world, leaving your shoes at the door is a sign of respect, a nod to superstition and it may even be in service of good health. Reflexologists (反射治疗师) say that walking around barefoot can help boost your circulation, improve your sleep quality and stimulate the reflexes on the soles of your feet, reducing inflammation, pain and tension. 77．What can we learn about dirt? A．All the dirt in the house comes from dirty shoes. B．The dirt can help build up a child’s immune system. C．The dirt brought back by shoes is very harmful to adults. D．About a third of the dirt produced in the home comes from the outside. 78．What’s the author’s attitude towards leaving shoes at the doorstep? A．Supportive B．Critical C．Indifferent D．Neutral 79．There are many benefits of not wearing shoes indoors except ________. A．showing respect B．stimulating reflection C．avoiding messing up carpet D．reducing the amount of dirt 80．What’s the best title of the text? A．Walking barefoot or not B．Getting rid of your home dirt C．Learning from African proverbs D．Leaving shoes at the doorstep for health reasons Passage 21 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江温州·期末）Life is precious, but health is more precious than it because life without health is just like food without taste. Health gives you the opportunity to live your life full of joy and make you able to do all of its activities as you desire. When you live a healthy lifestyle, your body remains healthy, and your mind stays fresh. So, this would prevent you from so many severe diseases, and live a healthy life to its full extent. Living a healthy lifestyle not only extends your life but also rejuvenates your body and mind; it will help you feel better. Although a healthy habit is very hard to develop, it needs a change in one’s mindset. But a firm will and a focused goal will help you to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Most of us have some kinds of health issues like overweight, lack of energy, and dull appearance. A good healthy lifestyle plays an important role in overcoming these issues. It will encourage you to live your life with no chance of a great difficulty in life. A healthy lifestyle plays a vital role in boosting the energy in a person’s body and providing a better performance in every activity of life. It minimizes the chances of insufficient sleep, and a person’s body will get all the essential nutrients (营养) that are required to function precisely. A healthy lifestyle includes slight changes in life like daily habits and routine, and the most important food you eat because the food you eat impacts directly on your body and behavior. Bad habits in your daily lifestyle may lead to a bad emotion, and you can improve it by adopting a healthy lifestyle. It will lead you to a relaxed mind and keep you energetic in a day. It is human nature that when a person is happy and satisfied, he performs his work more accurately and creatively, but if his mood is not refreshing then he can’t perform anything at his best. A fine and healthy lifestyle will help the person to release stress and tension from his mind, so this person can perform all the tasks in his best condition and give amazing results. 81．Why does the author mention the importance of life? A．To provide an example. B．To support the author’s argument. C．To introduce the topic. D．To make comparisons. 82．What does the underlined word “rejuvenate” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Entertain. B．Refresh. C．Occupy. D．Shape. 83．What helps to keep a healthy lifestyle? A．A firm determination and a clear goal. B．A slight change in food and sleep. C．Proper daily stress and tension. D．Large amounts of creative work. 84．What is mainly talked about in the text? A．Ways to have a healthy lifestyle. B．The significance of a healthy lifestyle. C．How to boost one’s energy to be healthy. D．How to perform well with healthy habits. Passage 22 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江衢州·期末）A recent study by UCLA Health discovered that women who feel lonely show brain activity in areas linked to cravings and the drive to eat, particularly when viewing images of high-calorie foods like sugary treats. These women also displayed unhealthy eating habits and suffered from poor mental health. Arpana Gupta, Ph. D．, a researcher and co-director of the UCLA Goodman-LuskinMicrobiome Center, wanted to research the negative impacts of loneliness, especially as people continue to be working remotely after the COVID-19 pandemic, and how the brain interacts with social isolation, eating habits, and mental health. While it is established that obesity is linked to depression and anxiety and that overeating is understood to be a coping mechanism (机制) against loneliness, Gupta wanted to observe the brain pathways associated with these feelings and behaviors. The researchers surveyed 93 women about their support system and their feelings of loneliness and isolation, then separated them into two groups: those who scored high on the perceived social loneliness scale, and those who scored low. The researchers found that women who had higher levels of social loneliness tended to have higher fat mass, lower diet quality, reward-based eating, and uncontrolled eating, and increased levels of anxiety and depression. The women were then shown pictures of food versus non-food, sweet food versus non-food, and savory food versus non-food. MRI scans recorded the participants’ brain activity while they viewed these images. The researchers found that the group of women who perceived themselves to be lonely experienced increased activation in regions of the brain associated with greater drive to eat sugary foods, and decreased activation in the brain region associated with self-control toward eating behaviors. “These findings are interesting because it provides evidence for what we intuitively (直觉地) know,” Gupta said. “When people are alone or lonely, it impacts more than how they are feeling; they underreport what they eat, and their desire to eat unhealthy foods.” 85．Which word is closest in meaning to “craving”  in Paragraph 1? A．Desire. B．Willingness. C．Discipline. D．Ambition. 86．What’s the function of Paragraph 2? A．Providing earlier research results. B．Explaining the research methods. C．Introducing the research background. D．Telling the significance of the research. 87．Which of the following statements matches the findings of this research? A．The lonelier women feel, the less they eat. B．Obesity is linked to depression and anxiety. C．Loneliness can drive women to eat more sugary food. D．Lonely women often lie about their mental problems. 88．What is the best title for the text? A．Eating the Way to Happiness B．Feeding the “Lonely Brain” C．Loneliness Leads to Obesity D．Food Sweetens Sad Souls Passage 23 （2023-2024学年高二下·江苏镇江·期末）Fast food chains have tried for years to appeal to customers who care about their health. They have added lighter food to their menus, such as salads and yogurt. Of course, the lighter food goes with the usual burgers, fried chicken and shakes. Menus have changed over the past three decades. According to a recent study, fast food menus are less healthy than they were 30 years ago. The study suggests the problem is getting worse. The fat, salt content and size of fast food meals are the problem. They are often the reason for the rising obesity (肥胖) rate among adults in the United States. The researchers found that the average main dish weighed more in 2016 than in 1986. It also had more calories and more sodium (钠). One expert said, “The restaurants have not done enough. The big picture is that there have been some positive changes, but they are small. Overall, the changes have gotten worse.” The average fast food dessert had more calories in 2016. It also weighed more than the average fast food dessert thirty years earlier. Restaurants are counting on bigger sundaes and cookies to increase the amount spent on each order. For example, McDonald’s recently introduced “donut sticks” dusted with sugar. Six sticks have 280 calories. But you can also order 12 sticks for less than the cost of two single orders. The researchers found that, over the 30 years, there were more calories in items like chips, soup, and French fries. Sodium content rose even though portion (一份) size did not grow much. When consumed together as a single meal, the study found that the average main dish and side order account for nearly 40 percent of a 2000-calory daily diet. 89．Why do fast food chains provide lighter food? A．To match the fast food. B．To reduce the cost of each meal. C．To attract more customers. D．To improve the health of customers. 90．Why are more American adults getting fat? A．They have little time to exercise regularly. B．They take in more calories from fast food. C．They eat much more dessert after every meal. D．They eat fast food more frequently than before. 91．What is the example of “donut sticks” for in paragraph 3? A．Showing the way of restaurants’ making cookies. B．Presenting the popularity of restaurants’ new food. C．Stressing the increase in restaurants’ food varieties. D．Explaining the intention of restaurants’ adding dessert. 92．Which one could be the best title of the text? A．Fast Food Is Still Killing Us B．Don’t Eat Any Fast Food Now C．Try to Eat More Lighter Food D．People Are Becoming Fatter and Fatter Passage 24 （2023-2024学年高二下·江苏扬州·期末）Worrying news stories about people with cancer seem never-ending. The physical condition is often cruel. It also has some psychological characteristics that make it fearsome. We are more frightened by threats over which we feel we have no control. More than any other diseases, cancer causes various worries, which helps explain why it has been the most horrible in richer nations with longer lifespans for decades. One overlooked effect of this fear has been the creation of cancerphobia, which George called in 1955. He wrote:“In terms of the total number of people affected, fear of cancer is causing more suffering than cancer itself.” In important ways, our deep fear of it is outdated, a phobia that no longer matches the evidence and causes huge harm. Most people believe a diagnosis (诊断) of cancer means death. Slow but steady progress in the past few decades has made roughly two-thirds of all cancers completely curable. Many people believe cancer screening is beneficial because it is always best to find cancer as early as possible. Screening helps, certainly, but it also harms. There is much evidence that these worries can leave lasting psychological scars. Worse still screening inappropriately finds “overdiagnosed” cancers. They are found early when small and meet the sick criteria of cancer under a microscope, but grow slowly or never cause any symptoms. Some people believe most cancers are caused by environmental carcinogens (致癌物). We now know cancer is primarily caused by naturally occurring mutations (变异) to DNA as we age. Cancers only became common in the early 1900s, as average lifespans in richer nations reached into the 50s. We can’t entirely cure cancer. Nor can we entirely “cure” cancerphobia. But we must work to reduce the harm they both cause to our health and to society in general. Research into fighting cancer has come a long way. The work on our cancerphobia is just beginning. 93．What can be known about cancer in paragraph 1? A．Cancer puts rich people at greater risk. B．Cancer spreads quickly throughout the world. C．Cancer goes beyond the control of humans. D．Cancer threatens people physically and mentally. 94．What does the author think of cancer screening? A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It proves an effective measure. C．It leaves patients with physical scars. D．It sets the standard for early diagnosis. 95．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．There’s no need to worry too much about cancer. B．The environment has nothing to do with cancer. C．People over fifty are certain to develop cancer. D．Research on cancerphobia has made big progress. 96．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To reveal secrets. B．To show sympathy. C．To modernize beliefs. D．To gain recognition. Passage 25 （2023-2024学年高二下·河北·期末）Cigarettes pose a risk to nearly all health conditions, yet the potential health consequences for smokers extend beyond immediate diseases. A group of 1,000 healthy volunteers who were aged 20 to 70 were examined to see why human immune systems (免疫系统) vary significantly in terms of how effectively they respond to microbial (微生物的) attack. Age, sex and genetics are known to have a significant impact on the immune system, and the aim of this new study was to determine what other factors had the most influence. The scientists exposed blood samples taken from the individuals to a wide variety of microbes such as viruses, bacteria, etc., and observed their immune response by measuring levels of secreted cytokines (细胞激素). Using the large quantities of data gathered for the individuals in the group, they then determined which of the 136 investigated variables, including body mass index, smoking, the number of hours’ sleep, exercise, childhood illnesses, vaccinations, living environment, etc., had the most influence on the immune responses studied. Three variables stood out: smoking, latent cytomegalovirus infection — a virus in the herpes family, and body mass index. Analysis of the data showed that the inflammatory (发炎的) response was heightened in smokers and moreover, the activity of certain cells involved in immune memory was damaged. In other words, this study shows that smoking disrupts not only inborn immune mechanisms, but also some adaptive immune mechanisms. Basically, it seems that the immune system has a type of long-term memory of smoking’s effects. But how does this happen? That part is still unclear. Some researchers think this phenomenon is due to what could be considered the modern biological version of the 19th century’s concept off “aether”. They rely on a series of indirect evidence. However, it’s not a solid biological mechanism, and a detailed explanation will need to wait for further research. Regardless of why it happens, it happens, so stop smoking. 101．What is the purpose of the study mentioned in the text? A．To figure out the potential causes of smoking. B．To explore how aging affects immune system. C．To identify factors affecting immune response. D．To develop a new way against microbial attack. 102．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The significance of immune response. B．The analysis of data in the experiment. C．The range of viruses used in the experiment. D．The process and findings of the experiment. 103．What is the author’s attitude to some researchers’ theory basis? A．Positive. B．Suspicious. C．Objective. D．Unconcerned. 104．What can be the best title for the text? A．Cigarettes Have A Long-Term Effect On Immune System B．Smokers May Get Away From Immune System Disorders C．Smokers Suffer From More Than Common Health Issues D．Cigarettes Pose An Immediate Risk To Immune System ( 地 城 高频话题 02 工作职业 / 情绪 / 艺术 ) Passage 1 （2023-2024学年高二下·河北张家口·期末）In an age of rapid technological advancements and shifting global economies, understanding the future career intentions of the Gen-Z high school students has become increasingly vital. A study that surveyed over 10,000 high school students across the world presents a rough picture of their preferences and influential factors. To gain comprehensive insights, quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews have been employed. A key finding reveals a striking trend that nearly 45% of the participants show interest in STEM-related careers in fields such as technology, engineering, and mathematics. The attraction of these fields, often fueled by innovation and promise of solving global challenges, highlights the impact of technological revolutions on young minds. Contrasting to this tech-driven enthusiasm, a significant minority—approximately 20%—desires careers in creative industries and humanities on account of the lasting appeal of art, literature, and social sciences. In their opinion, personal achievements in contributing to cultural enrichment matters more. The influence of societal factors is also obvious. After the pandemic of COVID-19, job security stick s out and becomes the prime consideration. In regions experiencing high unemployment rates, there is a noticeable lean towards professions in healthcare and education, perceived as more stable during economic downturns. To our great amazement, the Gen-Z’s environmental awareness makes a difference to their career choice as well. 15% of students expressed a desire to work in sustainability-focused roles, indicating a growing awareness about the planet's well-being among them. Many interviewees said that they hope to have a part to play in renewable energy, conservation, and climate policy. The findings strengthen the necessity for educational institutions and policy makers to make adjustments to keep up with what kids hope for. Meanwhile, parents’ providing a family environment that encourages exploration and creativity is of equal importance. Only by doing so may the Gen-Z better handle the tricky job world, tackle challenges ahead and truly make a difference. 1．Which of the following has the largest number of students? A．Students making tech-driven choices. B．Students feeling challenged in STEM. C．Students willing to contribute to cultural enrichment. D．Students interested in sustainability-focused roles. 2．What drives some students to choose careers in healthcare? A．Personal passion. B．Promising prospect. C．Expectation of stability. D．Personal achievements. 3．According to the text, Gen-Z high school students. A．are concerned about their education B．hope to make a difference to cultural awareness C．tend to be creative in solving long-standing problems D．have a sense of responsibility for a better world 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Career Interests of Gen-Z Students B．Gen-Z Students Wrestling with Career Choices C．Gen-Z Students Shifting Towards Creative Careers D．Dominance of STEM-related Careers Among Gen-Z Students Passage 2 （2023-2024学年高二下·江苏南京·期末）The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. If you really succeed, you reach the top. But there is another type of career path. Sideways moves without a promotion or a pay rise, can be a benefit to employees and organizations alike. A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral (横向的) career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees. When they decided whether to stay in the company or not, chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay. Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not. You can move up by first moving sideways. The crab-like (螃蟹般的) career has other things going for it. One is that it is a good way to learn new things. As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills, employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know. Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad, not deep; that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects. Along with skills come contacts. Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network. Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter. Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company; smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer. Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves, at the expense of workers and firms. And moving sideways still has less cachet (声望) than moving upwards. Most people find it not so easy to accept. 5．How does the author develop paragraph 2? A．By telling personal stories. B．By providing research findings. C．By comparing different career paths. D．By making remarks on scientific reports. 6．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean? A．Lateral moves involve gaining new skills. B．Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes. C．Transferring between teams leads to a larger network. D．Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves. 7．What do many managers think of lateral career moves? A．They are a way to keep talent within the company. B．They are seen as a threat to the manager’s own positions. C．They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team. D．They could contribute to the company's growth in the long run. 8．Who may embrace lateral moves? A．Bosses who value short-term profits. B．Employees who are eager for more skills. C．Managers who appreciate long-term stability. D．Job hunters who are interested in smaller firms. Passage 3 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江温州·期末）Scientists have been researching the way to get employees motivated for many years. The related research builds the fundamental and comprehensive model for study. This is especially true when the business goal is to turn unmotivated teams into productive ones. But their researchers have limitations. It is like studying the movements of car without taking out the engine. Motivation is what drives people to succeed and plays a vital role in enhancing an organizational development. It is important to study the motivation of employees because it is related to the emotion and behavior of employees. Recent studies show there are three drives for motivation. The drive to acquire must be met to optimize achievement. Thus it requires that outstanding performance should be recognized and rewards provided to polish the career path. But sometimes a written letter of app reciation generates more motivation than a thousand-dollar check, which can serve as the invisible power to boost business engagement. Successful organizations and leaders not only need to focus on the optimization of physical reward but also on moving other levers within the organization that can drive motivation. The drive to comprehend motivates many employees to higher performance. For years, it has been known that setting stretch goals can greatly impact performance. Organizations need to ensure that the various job roles provide employees with simulation that challenges them or allow them to grow. Employees don’t want to do meaningless things or monotonous job. If the job didn’t provide them with personal meaning and fulfillment, they will leave the company. The drive to defend is often the hardest lever to pull. This drive displays itself as a quest to create and promote justice, fairness, and the ability to express ourselves freely. The organizational lever for this basic human motivator is resource distribution. This drive is also me t through an employee feeling connected to a company. If their companies are merged with another, they will show worries. The key to successfully motivating employees is to meet all drives. Each of these drives is important if we are to understand employee motivation. 9．What is true about the study of motivation? A．The study is too theoretical and lacks practice. B．Its main goal is to increase the profit of organizations. C．The theory of motivating employees is set up in recent years. D．It is important for managers as it is related to the salary of employees. 10．What is against “drives of motivation”? A．The company distributes its employees reasonably. B．The company sets profound goals for its employees. C．Employees gain a sense of personal belonging in the company. D．The companies provide employees with spiritual encouragement. 11．How does “the drive to comprehend” help employees perform better? A．It can help employees set higher goals. B．It can provide employees with repetitive tasks. C．It helps employees realize their own value to the company. D．It helps employees understand the development of their organizations. 12．What does the author intend to show in paragraph five? A．It is not difficult to meet the drive to defend. B．It is significant to merge with another company. C．It is very important to voice employees’ own opinions. D．It is the most difficult to distribute organizational resource. Passage 13 （2023-2024学年高二下·福建福州·期末）Going with renowned ones like classic Chris-Craft boats is always the best choice for boat lovers. In the 1900s, Chris Smith started creating boats for fishing and enjoying the water and founded a company. These boats were hand-made, and his company faced a big success, so he became famous as Chris-Craft. A boat design is the first thing every potential buyer sees, and the ones made by Chris Craft have a recognizable timeless design, which is the choice of many boat lovers. They are made of high-quality, resistant and durable mahogany (红木), and can last forever with proper maintenance. The company has spent much time and money researching in order to find a perfect engine that will fit perfectly to the design of these vessels, and luckily for all of us boat lovers, they found it. It’s the engine that makes a boat an outstanding one, and that’s precisely where these vessels dominate the market, as they have one of the best engines. Okay, we can say that some boat has great engine, looks amazing, and how fuel consumption is far less than any other boat, but all those things would be for nothing if no one is aware that they exist. That is why advertising is of such big importance today. Of course, these vessels have been with us for quite some time now, but that doesn’t mean that a good marketing campaign and even luck haven’t played a big role. Namely, the owners understood the importance of advertising and set specific goals in order to achieve as many sales as possible, but there is something else that helped them gain even more popularity. We all have a favorite movie, but some movies are classic, and everyone loves them and has at least one sequel (续集) as their to-go option. That’s precisely the role of Bond movies. For some, these movies were the first time they saw Chris-Craft boats and all the luxury and craftsmanship of their design. Once again, great advertising has proven to be highly efficient, and Bond movies were a huge success for this company as they intrigued and interested even more people in buying a boat, and what’s even more important, precisely the model that’s been in the James Bond movie. 13．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Chris-Craft is quite popular with consumers. B．Chris-Craft is only a small-sized company. C．Chris-Craft has a long history in shipping. D．Chris-Craft is a successful business man. 14．What do we know about Chris-Craft products? A．Chris-Craft products are made of excellent materials. B．Chris-Craft products depend on proper maintenance. C．Boat lovers are deeply attracted by Chris-crafts’ outlooks. D．Chris-Craft products are sold at reasonable prices. 15．What is Paragraph 4 intended for? A．Outlining the importance of clever leaders. B．Outlining the importance of saving fuels. C．Emphasizing the importance of advertising. D．Emphasizing the importance of engines. 16．Which of the following makes Chris-Craft best known? A．Powerful engines. B．Bond movies. C．Perfect design. D．Long history. Passage 5 （2023-2024学年高二下·福建福州·期末）Power often boosts an employee’s creativity because being powerful liberates the individual from restrictions. However, new research shows that employees who are not in positions of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” to a task by engaging in the creative task more than once. “This is important because people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power, which leads to a rich-get-richer dynamic that strengthens these power imbalances.” said Brian Lucas, assistant professor in the Cornell University. “Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage,” Lucas said. Lucas and his colleagues conducted three studies to reach their conclusion. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generation session into two rounds consisting of a one-minute “warm up” followed by a second round in which the participants could take as long as they wanted. Participants’ sense of power was manipulated (操纵) through role assignments, where they were either given a leadership role with control over resources or an employee role without control over resources. The study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the warm-up round. There was no difference, though, in creativity in the second round. In the second study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two sessions to five, taking as long as they like to complete the task. Consistent with the first study, the study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the first round. But the creativity of low-power individuals caught up to the creativity of the high-power individuals after the first round. Results of the third study demonstrated that a different creativity task can also warm-up low-power people for an unrelated creativity task. “Given the high value of creative ideas for organizations, it is important to develop approaches that empower all employees to tap their creative potential,” Lucas said. “The low power warm-up effect suggests a simple intervention that does just this and overcomes power imbalance in the workplace: when pursuing creative work, let employees warm up first.” 17．Why is it important to boost lower-power workers’ creativity according to Lucas? A．To enhance competition. B．To encourage cooperation. C．To navigate power imbalance. D．To build a rich-get-richer dynamic 18．How did the participants feel the power in the first study? A．By competing with leaders. B．Through a random role selection. C．By working in different conditions. D．Through confusing role assignments. 19．What can best describe the relationship between power and creativity from the studies? A．It’s fixed. B．It’s dynamic. C．It’s unpredictable. D．It’s casual. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards low power warm-up effect? A．Encouraging. B．Negative. C．Critical. D．Indifferent. Passage 6 （2023-2024学年高二下·安徽安庆·期末）Some commonly recommended strategies for managing anger, including hitting a punching bag (拳击袋), jogging and cycling, aren’t effective at helping people cool off. That’s the key takeaway of our new review of 154 studies that looked at how activities that increase versus decrease physiological arousal affect anger and aggression. Arousal is how researchers describe how energized someone is. When you’re in a state of high physiological arousal, you’ll have increased heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate. Anger is a negative emotion associated with high physiological arousal. In our study, we found that activities that influence arousal levels had a deep impact on anger and aggression. By engaging in activities that decrease arousal, such as deep breathing, muscle relaxation, yoga, and mindfulness, you can control, or “turn down”, your angry feelings. Crucially, our combined study of participants from multiple studies found that activities that help decrease arousal worked across diverse settings, including in the laboratory and in real-world situations, both of line and online, and in both group and individual sessions. In addition, activities that turn down arousal were effective for a wide variety of people—students and nonstudents, criminal offenders and non-offenders, those with and without disabilities. In contrast’some activities people use to manage their anger amp up (加剧) arousal and increase anger and aggression levels. Jogging, a popular stress-relief activity, actually increased anger in the studies we looked at. The repetitive nature of jogging may cause feelings of monotony and frustration, potentially increasing anger rather than alleviating it. Instead, engaging in ball sports and physical education classes decreased anger. Likewise, venting (发泄) anger increased anger and aggression. This research helps dismiss the belief that it is good to blow off steam and “let it out”. Skip screaming into your pillow or hitting a punching bag. Save your money rather than going to a room to break stuff with baseball bats. Such activities are of little use. 21．What can we know about the new review? A．It looked at how to control anger. B．It was about 154 studies on anger. C．It focused on the effects of activities on anger. D．It suggested some ways to reduce physiological arousal. 22．What does the author suggest people do when they are angry? A．Go jogging B．Do some yoga. C．Scream into a pillow. D．Hit a punching bag. 23．What does the underlined word “monotony” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Boredom. B．Fear. C．Excitement. D．Satisfaction. 24．What’s the author’s attitude towards the popular stress-relief activities? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. Passage 7 （2023-2024学年高二下·安徽六安·期末）Anxiety isn’t funny. When we feel worried or afraid, the last thing we feel like doing is laughing. Finding humor can be difficult when we live with anxiety. However, if we begin to look for humor, we can find that laughter can be a great coping skill. Researchers have discovered that laughter has many benefits. Among the ways laughter lifts us by increasing our overall well-being and boosting our mental health. When we live with anxiety, our stress hormones pulse through us. This makes us feel tense and anxious. Although there are no quick solutions for anything in our life, a good laugh can instantly begin to reduce these harmful stress hormones that are mixed with anxiety. Laughter gets to work immediately, and a regular “diet” of laughter continues to decrease anxiety over time. The act of laughing is similar to deep breathing in its ability to increase the oxygen in our bodies. Combined with reducing stress hormones, the increased oxygen in our bodies helps lead to muscle relaxation. All of this helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety. Laughing feels good. It’s addictive and we can keep wanting more. When we laugh regularly, our anxiety begins to decrease. When we have humor and give ourselves a chance to laugh a little bit for even a short while each day, we distract our focus. Rather than seeing the world within or without as a worrying place, we start to see it as a good, safe, and perhaps even fun place. We start to see beyond the anxiety. Sure, the anxiety lingers (徘徊) for a while, but every time we laugh, we can reduce it. Introducing intentional laughter into our life decreases our stress hormones. Breathing deeply during the act of laughing relaxes muscles. Thinking about something funny shifts our focus to new things. Having humor regularly helps our outlook become more positive. 25．What can make us feel nervous? A．Pulsing stress hormones. B．Lacking sense of humour. C．Tiredness and sleepiness. D．Feeling eager to get something. 26．Why is deep breathing mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To compare it with taking exercice. B．To suggest people do it more often. C．To show its importance to the body. D．To explain how laughing reduces anxiety. 27．What does Paragraph 4 focus on in terms of laughter? A．Its functions. B．Its concept. C．Its causes. D．Its disadvantages. 28．Who might need to read the text most? A．A person who has developed a bad habit. B．A person who tends to feel nervous easily. C．A person who is fond of humorous stories. D．A person who can’t get along well with others. Passage 8 （2023-2024学年高二下·河北邯郸·期末）A recent study in the journal Current Biology found that people danced 12% more when very low frequency bass (低音) was played. Scientists wanted to see what factors of music make us want to dance. “We look at things like what kinds of rhythms make us really drawn in and want to move more,” said Daniel Cameron, a neuroscientist and the lead author of the study. Volunteers were led into a lab that was changed into an electronic dance music concert, with live music performed for them, who were equipped with headband s that had a motion capture sensor. The lab had special speakers that could play a very low frequency bass, undetectable to the human ear. The set lasted about an hour. Researchers introduced the very low bass every 2.5 minutes and found that the concertgoers moved more when the speakers were on — even though they couldn’t hear it. Cameron thinks that our vestibular (前庭的) system can help explain the reason. “It’s the inner-ear structures that give us a sense of where our head is in space,” he says. “That system is sensitive to low-frequency stimulation, especially if it’s loud.” Some people hear music and can’t help but move, whether there are low, silent bass frequencies or not. So why do humans dance? “It’s hard to test this, but there has been some work on why we may have evolved this way. We know that moving together in synchrony (同步) when we’re making music together and dancing together leads to social bonding. We feel better about the people we’re with. We feel more connected with them,” Cameron says. “So you can imagine this has potential advantages for groups throughout the long history of our species.” Evolution aside, Cameron finds value in knowing his study has uncovered just one of the ingredients for what makes us want to dance a little bit more. 29．What does Cameron’s research focus on? A．The popularity of dancing among people. B．The evolutionary reasons why humans dance. C．The musical elements that encourage dancing. D．The little effect of low frequency bass on dancers. 30．What can we learn about the research setup described in paragraph 2? A．Low frequency bass was played regularly. B．Participants tracked their own movements. C．The dance music was performed in a live concert. D．The human speakers performed for an entire hour. 31．Why might humans have evolved to dance according to Cameron? A．To inspire imagination. B．To promote communication. C．To create work opportunities. D．To stimulate the body’s potential. 32．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Science of Dance B．The Benefit Behind Dancing C．The Role of Rhythms in Music D．The Evolution of the Musical System Passage 9 （2023-2024学年高二下·浙江宁波·期末）“It can be very annoying being a composer,” laughs Errollyn Wallen. Music constantly consumes her thoughts even during walks or chores. “Music is always on my mind, even when I’m doing something else. But with dishwashing, I tidy up and escape occasionally,” says the composer. Wallen’s passion for music shines through her impressive works and awards. Her music, both instinctive and emotionally expressive, shows great technical skill. With an Ivor Novello Award, 22 operas, and numerous other compositions, she graced events like the 2012Paralympics and the Queen’s anniversaries with her music. Her re-imagining of Jerusalem took the BBC Last Night of the Concerts by storm in 2020. Composing for her is as natural as breathing. She’s warm, talkative, and open-minded. Last year, she completed a memoir Becoming a Composer, reflecting on her musical journey, creative process, and the challenges of composing for a living. The book is a generous, amusing and beautiful read, effectively telling the composer’s life through Wallen’s accessible approach. In her book, Wallen reflects on her complex childhood, moving from Belize to London and growing up in Tottenham with an uncle and aunt while her parents lived in New York. Despite feeling deserted and rejected, music became her comfort, “The moment I began learning the piano was magical. The piano served as my window into the world of music and my composing table, transporting me to new places.” Wallen’s music often addresses political themes, such as Mighty River and her opera YES. She believes in telling stories that haven’t been explored enough, especially from personal perspectives. However, she acknowledges that being a Black artist requires more personal, cultural, and historical consideration than White artists. There is still much progress to be made. Wallen challenges the classical music norm, advocating for composers to embrace their unique backgrounds. She encourages her non-Western students to use their heritage into their work, opposing the need to follow traditional styles. 33．What would help Wallen to get rid of music for a while? A．Preparing dishes. B．Going for a walk. C．Thinking about chores. D．Doing some wash up. 34．According to the underlined part, Wallen’s re-imagining of Jeru$$