精品解析：浙江省湖州市长兴县2024-2025学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

长兴中学2024学年第一学期高二年级能力大赛（八） 英语学科试题卷 考生须知： 1. 本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟： 2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。 3. 所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效； 4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When is the man’s birthday? A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday. 2. What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Make him a coat. B. Show him a jacket. C. Cut his trousers shorter. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a park. B. At home. C. In a supermarket. 4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A TV show. B. Sleep problems. C. Different planets. 5 What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Father and daughter. B. Coach and learner. E. Strangers. 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is on the third floor? A. The staff club. B. The meeting room. C. The sales manager’s office. 7. What will the man probably do next? A. Go to the bathroom. B. Return to his office. C. Interview a university student. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does Polly give Joe? A. A piece of pie. B. A sandwich. C. A salad. 9. How does Joe sound? A. Grateful. B. Worried. C. Unhappy. 10. What does Joe suggest Polly do? A. Go to the shop again. B. Have a drink with him. C. Share the information with neighbors. 听第8段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What does the woman probably do? A. A nurse. B. A doctor. C. A patient. 12. Who usually checks the man’s health? A. Dr. Salmon. B. Dr. Chang. C. Dr. Khan. 13. Why does the man need to take his ID card next time? A. To have a check-up. B. To buy some medicine. C. To get the online service. 听第9段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. What is the biggest challenge for the woman? A. Getting used to local food. B. Understanding textbooks. C. Adapting to the local lifestyle. 15. What do the speakers have in common? A. They both come from small towns. B. They both love living in different cities. C. They both have been to South America. 16. What is probably the woman’s major in university? A. Law. B. Medicine. C. Agricultural science. 17. What is the woman going to do this afternoon? A. Learn some customs. B. Apply for a room. C. Take a local tour. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What is Claudia? A. A bus driver. B. A tour guide. C. A car salesperson. 19. Who should sit in the inside seats on boats? A. All children. B. Children under eight. C. People who don’t want to enjoy the views. 20. Where will the listeners be around noon? A. On the tour bus. B. By Lake Graston. C. At Windymere town. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely go there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible but you might end up with a rather dull book. A book-lover rarely adopts this method of selection. All too often you soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment — without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the unavoidable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?” You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire considerately and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing — something which had only uncertainly interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. 1. What is most likely to happen to a book-lover in a bookshop? A. Lost in some book, he forgets something else important. B. Annoyed by the shop assistant, he dashes off for an appointment. C. Attracted by its cover, he buys some book turning out to be a dull one. D. Unsatisfied with its surroundings, he leaves the shop without buying a book. 2. In the author’s opinion, a shop assistant in a bookshop is supposed to ________. A. greet customers in a more suitable manner B. retire from the job if he has no passion for it C. leave customers alone before services are needed D. offer nice services from the very moment customers step into the shop 3. In a bookshop with a diversity of books, you tend to ________. A. ignore the latest best-selling novel B. be trapped in a dangerous situation C. buy some book you are not at all interested in D. buy other books instead of those you initially want 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。在书店里度过的时光是非常愉快的。不管你出于何种原因进入书店，你总会不知不觉的被它所吸引。文章主要叙述了书店的迷人之处。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中All too often you soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment.可知，爱书的人会沉浸在书中，过了很久才意识到在书店待的时间过长，忘记了要赴的约会。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the unavoidable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?” You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.可知，书店的店员在顾客不需要服务的时候，不应该打扰顾客。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing — something which had only uncertainly interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it.可知，当一个书店里有各种各样的书的时候，很有可能，一个本来想买关于古代钱币的书的人可能会拿起一本畅销小说，被其中的内容所吸引，最后买下这本书。也就是买下了与当初想买的不一样的书。故选D。 B When University of California-Berkeley released a study this month showing alarmingly high teacher turnover rates at Los Angeles charter (特许) schools, I wasn’t surprised. That’s not shocking news at local charter schools. It’s just that the study reminded me of something I’d observed many times, starting with my niece. Bright and cheerful, my niece longed to teach high-needs children. She started out in the San Francisco public schools, where she was assigned to the district’s toughest elementary school. Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room — and at her. Parents refused to show up for conferences. She wasn’t willing to deal with this level of indifference and teacher abuse, so she switched to a highly regarded charter elementary school in the Bay Area where she poured her energy into her job and it showed. Her students’ test scores were as high as those in a nearby wealthy school district, despite the obstacles these children faced. By her fourth year, however, my niece was worn out, running out of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who begged to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave. The principal’s offer of a $10,000 raise couldn’t stop her from giving notice. She went to work at that wealthy school district next door — for less money. Over the years, I’ve met many teachers who have a passion for their work at charter schools, only to call them the next year and find they’ve left. The authors of the Berkeley study hold the belief that the teachers leave because of the extraordinary demands: long hours, intense involvement in students’ complicated lives, continual searches for new ways to raise scores. Even the strongest supporters of the reform movement acknowledge that raising achievement among disadvantaged students is a challenging task. It’s unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on a platform of continual new demands on teachers — more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility — even if schools find ways to pay them better. This is the bigger challenge facing schools. We need a more useful answer to the Berkeley study than “Yeah, its really hard work.” 4. Why wasn’t the author surprised at the problem? A. She had worked in the local charter school. B. She had participated in the Berkeley study. C. She had noticed the phenomenon repeatedly. D. She had been informed of the problem by her niece. 5. What can we learn about the students in the public school the author’s niece taught? A They were clever and cheerful. B. They were not disciplined. C. They were indifferent to each other. D. They were forced to learn by their parents. 6. Why did the author’s niece leave the charter elementary school in the Bay Area? A. The demanding work made her exhausted. B. Her hard work and devotion didn’t pay off. C. The mean principal offered her a low salary. D. Her work was not well received by the children. 7. What is the author’s comment on the current school reform movement? A. It will have a positive impact on education. B. It tends to be unsuccessful. C. It will make teachers more motivated. D. It demands more fund to meet the challenge. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过教师高流动率现象和侄女的经历，揭示特许学校教师因工作强度过大而流失的普遍问题，批判现行教育改革过度依赖教师自我牺牲的不可持续性。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When University of California-Berkeley released a study this month showing alarmingly high teacher turnover rates at Los Angeles charter (特许) schools, I wasn’t surprised. That’s not shocking news at local charter schools. It’s just that the study reminded me of something I’d observed many times, starting with my niece. (当加州大学伯克利分校本月发布研究报告，显示洛杉矶特许学校教师流动率高得惊人时，我丝毫不感到意外。这对当地特许学校来说并非新闻。只是这份研究让我想起了自己多次观察到的现象——这一切要从我侄女说起)”可知，作者对这个问题并不感到惊讶，因为她已经多次注意到这种现象。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room — and at her. (五年级的学生把椅子扔得满教室飞——甚至朝她砸去)”可知，这些学生不遵守纪律。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“By her fourth year, however, my niece was worn out, running out of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who begged to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave. (然而到了第四年，我侄女已经精疲力竭。面对一教室虽然可爱但极度缺爱的孩子——这些每到放学时间就哀求着不愿离开她教室的学生，她耗尽了全部心力)”可知，作者的侄女离开了这所小学是因为高要求的工作使她筋疲力尽。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on a platform of continual new demands on teachers — more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility — even if schools find ways to pay them better. This is the bigger challenge facing schools. (我们很难在持续对教师提出新要求的基础上推行大规模教育改革——更多时间、更多精力、更多奉献、更多责任——即便学校设法提高教师待遇。这才是教育系统面临的更大挑战)”可知，作者指出改革过度依赖教师自我牺牲，不可持续，这是在暗示当前的学校改革难以成功。故选B项。 C Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are injuries and deaths every year, but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. That is a useful topic to explore. Arehitects, civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire, a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions (碰撞). Unfortunately, solid information is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi, the paper’s lead author, realised that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment. Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released, Later in the lab, they calculated the speed of the runners, the density (密度) of the crowd, the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death. Yet it seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider. 8. What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona? A. They proved his theory. B. They recorded a bull-run. C. They watched a thrilling bull-fight. D. They designed a psychological experiment. 9. What was the unexpected finding in the study? A. People slowed down in crowded areas. B. Tripping posed a danger to bull-runners. C. Bulls coming near made people running faster. D. People tended to speed up in high-density crowds. 10. What is implied in the last paragraph? A. People lose their mind in disasters. B. Future tunnels and bridges may be wider. C. Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collision. D. Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding each other. 11. Which is the best title for the text? A. How crowds react to panic B. Bull-runs caught on in Spain C. Dr Parisi’s finding shocks the world D. What architects can learn from bull-running 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在Pamplona，每年有很多人来看“奔牛”，科学家通过研究“奔牛”过程中人们奔跑速度的快慢，发现跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加，这给了建筑设计师关于城市建设的很多启示。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released. (2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的团队前往Pamplona的两个不同的屋顶，拍摄了这些动物被释放出来时人们奔跑的景象)”可知，Parisi和他的团队拍摄了牛被放出来时的场景。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death. (有些出人意料的是，研究发现，跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加。这与建筑和城市设计界长期以来的假设相反，即随着人群密度的增加，人们会放慢速度，以降低发生碰撞的风险，因为碰撞可能导致摔倒，甚至受伤或死亡)”可知，研究意外发现，人群密度越大，人们跑得越快。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider. (因此，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他通道的建设去限制流量。唯一的选择很可能是把它们加宽)”可知，未来的桥梁和隧道可能会更宽阔。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段 “A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. (一篇刚刚发表在《科学》上的论文描述了对这次活动恐慌人群的心理洞察)”以及最后一段“The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. (因此，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他通道的建设去限制流量)”可知，本篇章不仅是谈论奔牛，而是讨论“奔牛作为观察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景”给建筑设计师的启示。故选D项。 D On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Last year, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit. Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’ n’ roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being controversial. However, some argue that unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them addictive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to developers’ income. For another, games makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games. The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses (诊断) become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling will not do the industry any favours. 12. What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To arouse the readers’ interest about the topic. B. To inform the readers of the harmful effects of games. C. To discuss whether it is necessary to panic about games. D. To show growing public concern about the problem of games. 13. Why is television, together with other media forms, mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To prove that the panic over games will fade away. B. To show that they are as highly addictive as games. C. To compare the differences among these media forms. D. To argue that these media forms are not harmful at all. 14. How do games developers make games addictive? A. They don’t charge players for in-game goods. B. They adjust products based on received data. C. They reward top players with more playtime. D. They keep players’ video game machines updated. 15. In the last paragraph, the author aims to ______. A. offer a suggestion B. make a prediction C. give a warning D. put forward a solution 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。“游戏障碍”被世界卫生组织列为疾病。不同心理学家就游戏是否真的让人上瘾这一问题展开讨论。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段“On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World ealth Organization (WHO). (2018年1月1日，世界卫生组织认证了“游戏障碍”——它指的是人们不受控制地玩游戏，尽管会造成伤害)”和“Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit. (世界各地都出现了承诺治愈患者习惯的诊所，)”可知，“游戏障碍”已经被官方列为疾病，甚至于出现了很多诊所来治疗此问题。这些现象都说明了大众对游戏问题越来越关注。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段“The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’ n’ roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. (辩方认为这仅仅是另一种道德恐慌，电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书甚至小说也发出了类似的警告)”可知，辩方认为游戏上瘾和电视、摇滚乐等其它都只是道德恐慌。结合段尾“As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being controversial. (作为一种新型的大众媒体，游戏在它最终停止争议之前，只是在经历它自己的时代)”可推断出，引用电视等其它媒体形式目的是为了强调游戏并没有那么恐慌，它和其它媒体方式一样，都有自己存在的时间，最终这种恐慌会消失。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段“Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games. (智能手机和现代电子游戏机利用自身永久性的互联网连接将游戏数据传回开发者。这可以让产品能够不断调整来增加游戏支出)”可之，游戏开发者是通过接收到的数据不断调整产品，让产品越来越受吸引欢迎。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. (游戏行业应该意识到在现实世界中，游戏存在一个问题，而且这个问题还在不断恶化)”和“And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling will not do the industry any favours. (而在大众心中，无论公平与否，与赌博放在一起都不会给游戏行业带来任何好处)”可知，作者对游戏呈负面态度，是在给游戏行业提出警告，大众不会认同和赌博挂钩的行业。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Perhaps you’ve stopped doing what you want because you’re afraid of what others think of you. You feel that you must do what they expect and that you must meet their expectations, otherwise you’ll lose their approval. ___16___ Then, you’ll be able to do what you want freely. Think about yourself, about what you really like and are interested in. You must lead your life independently. ___17___ However, you might feel afraid to do it because you’ ve always done everything to gain the approval of others. You need to get out of that zone, move to new places, and explore your full potential. By surrounding yourself with people who think like you, you’ll realize that you don’t feel judged. Then, you’ll start doing what you really want. ___18___ Your new friends will integrate into your life and you’ll also keep your genuine friends. On the other hand, those who are always ready to see the negative and question what you’ re trying to do will drift away. To overcome your fear of what others think and of their non-approval you should start talking about your plans, For instance, you might want to tell a handful of friends about your wishes and dreams. ___19___ You’ll feel confident in yourself and you’ll be able to go on your new path without any fear. It’s unavoidable that not everything will be plain sailing, and you’ll find obstacles along your way. ___20___ People in your environment often don’t understand what you do no matter how much you explain it, so ignore them. A. There is no need to think about what you want. B. You don’t have to change your circle of friends. C. Your life belongs to you, as well as your actions. D. By talking to them, you’ll be able to organize your plans and ideas. E. If this is the case, it’s time to start working on your self-esteem (自尊). F. You must do what you want without being affected by what others think. G. However, you must trust in yourself and seek the necessary strength to move forward. 【答案】16. E 17. F 18. B 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在生活中不去顾虑别人的想法而应该作独立的自己。 【16题详解】 根据上文“You feel that you must do what they expect and that you must meet their expectations, otherwise you’ll lose their approval.（你觉得你必须做他们期望的事情，你必须满足他们的期望，否则你会失去他们的认可。）”下文“ Then, you’ll be able to do what you want freely.（然后，你就可以自由地做你想做的事。）”可知前后是转折关系，空处应该是填一个承上启下的句子。E选项“If this is the case, it’s time to start working on your self-esteem .（如果是这样的话，是时候开始培养你的自尊了。）”中，前半句“If this is the case, ”与上文一致，后半句“ it’s time to start working on your self-esteem .”引起下文。故选E。 【17题详解】 根据上文“You must lead your life independently.（你必须自己独立地生活。）”可知后半句应该是和自己独立有关，也就是不受别人影响。所以，F项“You must do what you want without being affected by what others think.（你必须做自己想做的事，不要被别人的想法所影响。）”符合语境。故选F。 【18题详解】 由本段的第一句“By surrounding yourself with people who think like you, you’ll realize that you don’t feel judged.（和你想法相同的人在一起，你会意识到你不会觉得自己被评判了。）”和空后的“Your new friends will integrate into your life and you’ll also keep your genuine friends.（你的新朋友会融入你的生活，你也会保持你真正的朋友。）”可知空处应该和friends相关，B项“You don’t have to change your circle of friends.（你不必改变你的朋友圈。）”故选B。 【19题详解】 根据上文“To overcome your fear of what others think and of their non-approval, you should start talking about your plans, For instance, you might want to tell a handful of friends about your wishes and dreams.（为了克服你对别人想法和他们不赞成的恐惧，你应该开始谈论你的计划。例如，你可能想要告诉几个朋友你的愿望和梦想。）”可知，下文是有关如何克服的句子，此外，和D选项“By talking to them, you’ll be able to organize your plans and ideas.”相呼应。故选D。 【20题详解】 根据空前“It’s unavoidable that not everything will be plain sailing, and you’ll find obstacles along your way. （不可避免的是，并不是每件事都一帆风顺，你会在路上遇到障碍。）”可知，下文应该是鼓励去解决障碍，继续前进的句子。所以，G项“However, you must trust in yourself and seek the necessary strength to move forward.（然而，你必须相信自己，寻求力量继续前进。）”符合语境，和后文衔接自然。故选G。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The story of Brave Gelert is known to many people. Gelert was a dog that faithfully ____21____ the prince’s son, but was then killed by the prince ____22____ a terrible misunderstanding. However, only a few people know that the story is really a pack of ____23____. Let me explain. About a hundred or so years ago there was a hotel owner in Wales who was fed up with ____24____ being so bad. His hotel was stuck in the middle of ____25____ and hardly anyone came to stay. Then, one day, he had a(n) ____26____. A famous ____27____ called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the Middle Ages and had been ____28____ dogs. This is hardly ____29____ as hunting was extremely popular at that time. So what he did was to ______30______ the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ______31______ master. Of course, people would be far more likely to ______32______ the story if there was something they could see. So one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and built a sort of ______33______ from the stones he found lying around. A friend of his, who was an accountant, helped him to construct it. The “tale” soon ______34______ and developed a life of its own. Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried. ______35______, business became very good for the hotel owner. 21. A. contained B. defended C. attacked D. fed 22. A. on account of B. on the basis of C. except for D. in addition to 23. A. lies B. animals C. facts D. procedures 24. A. people B. business C. dogs D. fortune 25. A. somewhere B. elsewhere C. anywhere D. nowhere 26. A. mission B. escape C. idea D. reflection 27. A. cook B. assistant C. prince D. manager 28. A. keen on B. tired of C. sensitive to D. familiar with 29. A. believable B. satisfying C. manageable D. surprising 30. A. make up B. judge C. refer to D. disguise 31. A. inflexible B. sympathetic C. ungrateful D. mighty 32. A. ignore B. believe C. replace D. explore 33. A. shelter B. accommodation C. settlement D. monument 34. A. turned around B. disappeared C. caught on D. floated 35. A. Frankly B. Undoubtedly C. Briefly D. Generally 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。很多人熟知勇敢的盖勒特的故事，但其实为谎言。百年前威尔士一酒店老板为招徕顾客编造此故事，还建 “纪念碑”，果然生意好转。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：格勒特是一只忠实地保护王子儿子狗，但后来由于一个可怕的误解被王子杀死了。A. contained包含；B. defended防御；C. attacked攻击；D. fed喂养。根据上文“Gelert was a dog that faithfully”可知，这只狗很忠诚，保护着王子儿子，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：格勒特是一只忠实地保护王子儿子的狗，但后来由于一个可怕的误解被王子杀死了。A. on account of由于；B. on the basis of根据；C. except for除了；D. in addition to除了……之外。根据下文“a terrible misunderstanding”可知，王子由于误会杀死了Gelert。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有少数人知道这个故事实际上是一堆谎言。A. lies谎言；B. animals动物；C. facts事实；D. procedures程序。根据下文“So what he did was to _____10_____ the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his _____11_____ master.”可知，故事是编造的，所以是一堆谎言。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约一百多年前，威尔士有一位旅馆老板，他受够了生意如此糟糕。A. people人们；B. business生意；C. dogs狗；D. fortune运气。根据后下文“business became very good for the hotel owner”可知，一开始生意糟糕。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的旅馆地处偏僻，几乎没有人来住。A. somewhere某处；B. elsewhere在别处；C. anywhere任何地方；D. nowhere无处。根据下文“and hardly anyone came to stay”可知，旅馆地处偏僻，几乎没有人来住。in the middle of nowhere表示“荒无人烟的地方”。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，有一天，他有了一个主意。A. mission任务；B. escape逃走；C. idea想法；D. reflection反思。根据下文“So what he did was to _____10_____ the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his _____11_____ master.”可知，店主想出一个“主意”，即编造故事。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：中世纪时，一位名叫卢埃林的著名王子住在这个地区，他非常热衷于养狗。A. cook厨师；B. assistant助手；C. prince王子；D. manager经理。上文故事提到“prince’s son”，此处呼应中世纪 “王子”（prince），故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：中世纪时，一位名叫卢埃林的著名王子住在这个地区，他非常热衷于养狗。A. keen on热衷于；B. tired of厌倦；C. sensitive to对……敏感；D. familiar with熟悉。根据后文“hunting was extremely popular at that time”可知，中世纪狩猎流行，王子应“热衷于”养狗。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不奇怪，因为狩猎在当时非常流行。A. believable可信的；B. satisfying令人满意的；C. manageable可管理的；D. surprising出人意料的，惊人的。根据后文“as hunting was extremely popular at that time”可知，喜欢养狗并不奇怪，因为狩猎在当时非常流行。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：所以他所做的就是编造一个勇敢而忠诚的格勒特的故事，以及他是如何被他忘恩负义的主人杀死的。A. make up组成；B. judge判断；C. refer to查阅；D. disguise假扮。根据下文“the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed”可知，店主编造了一个关于狗的故事来招徕生意。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以他所做的就是编造一个勇敢而忠诚的格勒特的故事，以及他是如何被他忘恩负义的主人杀死的。A. inflexible顽固的；B. sympathetic同情的；C. ungrateful忘恩负义的；D. mighty强大的。根据上文“the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his”可知，狗很忠实勇敢，但是被忘恩负义的主人杀死了。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，如果人们能看到一些东西，他们更有可能相信这个故事。A. ignore忽视；B. believe相信；C. replace取代；D. explore探索。根据下文“the story if there was something they could see”可知，若有可见之物，人们更易“相信”故事。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是有一天，旅馆的老板来到一座高山的山顶，用他找到的周围的石头建造了一座类似纪念碑的东西。A. shelter收容所；B. accommodation住宿；C. settlement殖民；D. monument纪念碑。根据上文“the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and built a sort of”以及下文“Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried.”可知，店主编造了狗的故事，还用石头建造“纪念碑”（monument）冒充狗的坟墓。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：这个“故事”很快流行起来，并形成了自己的生命力。A. turned around转身；B. disappeared消失；C. caught on流行起来，理解；D. floated漂浮。根据下文“Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried.”可知，故事在人们中流行起来。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，酒店老板的生意变得非常好。A. Frankly坦白地；B. Undoubtedly无疑；C. Briefly简短地；D. Generally通常。根据上文“Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried.”可知，人们赶来看埋狗的地方，毫无疑问，酒店老板的生意变得非常好。故选B。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher ____36____ (concentrate) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater, Maryland, ____37____ (say) that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be matched to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons ____38____ (document) in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant increase in atmospheric CO2, he said. “We made a list of reasons ____39____ these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them,” Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in reducing the influence of man-made CO2 ____40____ the climate. Dr. Parker and his colleagues ____41____ (carry) out a detailed record of the trees on a regular basis since 1997. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producıng ____42____ (addition) tons of wood each year. The scientists identified the land with trees at different stages of growth ____43____ found that both young and old trees were showing ____44____ (increase) growth rates. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown ____45____ between two and four times faster than the scientists had predicted from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. 【答案】36. concentrations 37. said 38. documented 39. why 40. on 41. have carried 42. additional 43. and 44. increased 45. by 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了由于气候变化，北半球森林的生长速度可能比200年前更快，并分析了可能的原因，包括更长的生长季节和大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：树木似乎因为更长的生长季节和大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加而生长得更快。括号内给出的是动词“concentrate”，此处需要名词形式作介词“of”的宾语，表示“浓度”，为可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填concentrations。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：马里兰州埃奇沃特的史密森尼环境研究中心的科学家杰弗里·帕克表示，生长速度的增加出乎意料，可能与该地区记录的高温和更长的生长季节有关。句子描述过去发生的是，应用一般过去时，故填said。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰higher temperatures and longer growing seasons，动词document(记录)和所修饰词是被动关系，需用过去分词documented表示被动和完成意义，故填documented。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“我们列出了这些森林可能生长得更快的原因，然后排除了其中一半。”帕克博士说。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，且关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词why引导，故填why。 【40题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：他们的研究表明，北方森林在减少人为二氧化碳对气候的影响方面可能变得越来越重要。reduce the influence on…为固定搭配，表示“减少对……的影响”，故填on。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：帕克博士和他的同事自1997年以来定期对树木进行详细记录。since 1997提示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have carried。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们计算出，由于全球变暖，这片森林每年额外生产数吨木材。括号内为名词“addition”，此处需形容词修饰“tons”，作定语，故填additional。 【43题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：科学家们确定了处于不同生长阶段的树木的土地，并发现年轻和年老的树木都显示出增长的生长速度。前后句为并列关系，需用and连接，故填and。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰growth rates，二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填increased。 【45题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：超过90%的树木群体的生长速度比科学家根据长期生长速度的预测快了两到四倍。此处表示“增长了”，应用介词by，故填by。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你将参加英语课上的“一分钟演讲”活动。请你针对部分同学在校园内用手机拍摄短视频的现象写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： (1) 陈述看法； (2) 提出建议。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 My Views on Filming Short Videos on Campus ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My Views on Filming Short Videos on Campus Dear classmates, Recently, some of us have been filming short videos on campus. In my opinion, it can be a fun way to record campus life, but it also has its drawbacks. Not only may it distract us from our studies and even disrupt the school order, but it might also cause unnecessary comparisons and affect our self-esteem when the videos don’t get the expected response. I suggest we should limit the time for filming and choose proper places. Let’s focus more on our academic tasks and make good use of our time on campus. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于演讲稿。要求考生针对部分同学在校园内用手机拍摄短视频现象陈述看法并提出建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 记录：record → document 缺点：drawback → disadvantage 分散注意力：distract → divert 建议：suggest → propose 2. 句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：In my opinion, it can be a fun way to record campus life, but it also has its drawbacks. 拓展句：In my opinion, it can be a fun way that we can use to record campus life, but it also has its drawbacks. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Not only may it distract us from our studies and even disrupt the school order, but it might also cause unnecessary comparisons and affect our self esteem when the videos don’t get the expected response. (运用了not only...but also...并列结构和从属连词when 引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型 2] I suggest we should limit the time for filming and choose proper places. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句和虚拟语气) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Our uncle, who lived with us, was a quiet and friendly man. He was fond of hunting and fishing. and it was one of the pleasures of our young life to join him in his hiking to the Great Hill, the Brandy-brow woods, the Pond, and best of all, the Country Brook. Of course the most exciting part of the hiking was an afternoon walk through the woods and along the side of the brook (小溪). remember my first fishing tour, as if it were but yesterday, and especially the wise caution of my uncle in that particular instance which takes the form of a proverb of universal application: “Never brag (自夸) of your fish before you catch him.” After I received that first fishing pole from my uncle, I set off happily with him to the woods. It was a still, sweet day of early summer; the long afternoon shadows of the trees lay cool across our path; the leaves seemed greener, the flowers brighter, the birds merrier than ever before. My uncle, who knew by long experience the points that pickerel (梭鱼) most frequently visited, considerately placed me at the most favorable one. I threw out my line as I had so often seen others, and waited anxiously for a bite, moving the bait (鱼饵) on the surface of the water like the leap of a frog. Nothing came of it “Try again,” said my uncle. Suddenly the bait sank out of sight. “Now for it,” I thought, “Here is a fish at last.” I made a strong pull, and brought up some weeds. Again and again I cast out my line with aching arms, and drew it back empty. Feeling my arms hurting and my spirits sinking, I turned to look at my uncle in a way declaring my intention to give up. “Just try once more,” my uncle said, “We fishermen must have patience.” 注意： （1）续写词数应为150左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly something pulled at my line. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Overcome with my great and bitter disappointment, I sat down. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Suddenly something pulled at my line. The rod bent double, and my heart leaped with excitement. “Got him!” I cried, my voice trembling. With all my strength, I reeled in, expecting a big catch. But as the object surfaced, it was just an old boot, tangled with seaweed. My uncle chuckled softly, “Still, it’s a sign the water’s alive. Try once more, and keep your hook steady.” Overcome with my great and bitter disappointment, I sat down. Tears welled up, blurring the sunlit brook. My uncle sat beside me, patting my shoulder. “Fishing’s not just about the catch,” he said gently. “It’s about patience, learning, and enjoying nature. Remember, ‘Never brag of your fish before you catch him.’ The real prize is the lesson, not the fish.” His words lingered, calming my frustration as the brook’s gentle murmur soothed my heart. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物情感变化为线索展开，讲述了作者在叔叔的陪伴下第一次去钓鱼的经历。作者从最初满怀期待，到多次失败后想要放弃，最终在叔叔的鼓励下重新尝试，虽未钓到鱼却收获了宝贵的人生启示。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，有东西拉了拉我的鱼线。”可知，第一段可描写作者误以为钓到了鱼，结果拉上来一只旧靴子，叔叔安慰作者再试一次。 ②由第二段首句内容“我满心失望和痛苦，坐了下来。”可知，第二段可描写叔叔安慰作者钓鱼不仅仅是为了钓到鱼，更重要的是耐心、学习和享受自然，作者听后心情平静下来。 2. 续写线索： 鱼线被拉——兴奋拉线——发现旧靴——叔叔安慰——坐下失望——叔叔开导——心情平静 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①喊叫：cry/shout ②颤抖：tremble/shake ③抚慰：soothe/console 情绪类 ①兴奋：excitement/thrill ②沮丧：frustration/depression 【点睛】[高分句型1]. With all my strength, I reeled in, expecting a big catch.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2]. His words lingered, calming my frustration as the brook’s gentle murmur soothed my heart.（运用了现在分词作状语和as引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 长兴中学2024学年第一学期高二年级能力大赛（八） 英语学科试题卷 考生须知： 1. 本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟： 2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。 3. 所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效； 4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When is the man’s birthday? A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday. 2. What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Make him a coat. B. Show him a jacket. C. Cut his trousers shorter. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a park. B. At home. C. In a supermarket. 4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A TV show. B. Sleep problems. C. Different planets. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Father and daughter. B. Coach and learner. E. Strangers. 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is on the third floor? A. The staff club. B. The meeting room. C. The sales manager’s office. 7. What will the man probably do next? A Go to the bathroom. B. Return to his office. C. Interview a university student. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does Polly give Joe? A. A piece of pie. B. A sandwich. C. A salad. 9. How does Joe sound? A. Grateful. B. Worried. C. Unhappy. 10. What does Joe suggest Polly do? A. Go to the shop again. B. Have a drink with him. C. Share the information with neighbors. 听第8段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What does the woman probably do? A. A nurse. B. A doctor. C. A patient. 12. Who usually checks the man’s health? A. Dr. Salmon. B. Dr. Chang. C. Dr. Khan. 13. Why does the man need to take his ID card next time? A. To have a check-up. B. To buy some medicine. C. To get the online service. 听第9段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. What is the biggest challenge for the woman? A. Getting used to local food. B. Understanding textbooks. C. Adapting to the local lifestyle. 15. What do the speakers have in common? A. They both come from small towns. B. They both love living in different cities. C. They both have been to South America. 16. What is probably the woman’s major in university? A. Law. B. Medicine. C. Agricultural science. 17. What is the woman going to do this afternoon? A. Learn some customs. B. Apply for a room. C. Take a local tour. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What is Claudia? A. A bus driver. B. A tour guide. C. A car salesperson. 19. Who should sit in the inside seats on boats? A. All children. B. Children under eight. C. People who don’t want to enjoy the views. 20. Where will the listeners be around noon? A. On the tour bus. B. By Lake Graston. C. At Windymere town. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely go there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible but you might end up with a rather dull book. A book-lover rarely adopts this method of selection. All too often you soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment — without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the unavoidable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?” You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire considerately and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing — something which had only uncertainly interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. 1. What is most likely to happen to a book-lover in a bookshop? A. Lost in some book, he forgets something else important. B. Annoyed by the shop assistant, he dashes off for an appointment. C. Attracted by its cover, he buys some book turning out to be a dull one. D. Unsatisfied with its surroundings, he leaves the shop without buying a book. 2. In the author’s opinion, a shop assistant in a bookshop is supposed to ________. A. greet customers in a more suitable manner B. retire from the job if he has no passion for it C. leave customers alone before services are needed D. offer nice services from the very moment customers step into the shop 3. In a bookshop with a diversity of books, you tend to ________. A. ignore the latest best-selling novel B. be trapped in a dangerous situation C. buy some book you are not at all interested in D. buy other books instead of those you initially want B When University of California-Berkeley released a study this month showing alarmingly high teacher turnover rates at Los Angeles charter (特许) schools, I wasn’t surprised. That’s not shocking news at local charter schools. It’s just that the study reminded me of something I’d observed many times, starting with my niece. Bright and cheerful, my niece longed to teach high-needs children. She started out in the San Francisco public schools, where she was assigned to the district’s toughest elementary school. Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room — and at her. Parents refused to show up for conferences. She wasn’t willing to deal with this level of indifference and teacher abuse, so she switched to a highly regarded charter elementary school in the Bay Area where she poured her energy into her job and it showed. Her students’ test scores were as high as those in a nearby wealthy school district, despite the obstacles these children faced. By her fourth year, however, my niece was worn out, running out of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who begged to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave. The principal’s offer of a $10,000 raise couldn’t stop her from giving notice. She went to work at that wealthy school district next door — for less money. Over the years, I’ve met many teachers who have a passion for their work at charter schools, only to call them the next year and find they’ve left. The authors of the Berkeley study hold the belief that the teachers leave because of the extraordinary demands: long hours, intense involvement in students’ complicated lives, continual searches for new ways to raise scores. Even the strongest supporters of the reform movement acknowledge that raising achievement among disadvantaged students is a challenging task. It’s unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on a platform of continual new demands on teachers — more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility — even if schools find ways to pay them better. This is the bigger challenge facing schools. We need a more useful answer to the Berkeley study than “Yeah, its really hard work.” 4. Why wasn’t the author surprised at the problem? A. She had worked in the local charter school. B. She had participated in the Berkeley study. C. She had noticed the phenomenon repeatedly. D. She had been informed of the problem by her niece. 5. What can we learn about the students in the public school the author’s niece taught? A. They were clever and cheerful. B. They were not disciplined. C. They were indifferent to each other. D. They were forced to learn by their parents. 6. Why did the author’s niece leave the charter elementary school in the Bay Area? A. The demanding work made her exhausted. B. Her hard work and devotion didn’t pay off. C. The mean principal offered her a low salary. D. Her work was not well received by the children. 7. What is the author’s comment on the current school reform movement? A. It will have a positive impact on education. B. It tends to be unsuccessful. C. It will make teachers more motivated. D. It demands more fund to meet the challenge. C Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are injuries and deaths every year, but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. That is a useful topic to explore. Arehitects, civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire, a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions (碰撞). Unfortunately, solid information is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi, the paper’s lead author, realised that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment. Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released, Later in the lab, they calculated the speed of the runners, the density (密度) of the crowd, the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death. Yet it seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider. 8. What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona? A. They proved his theory. B. They recorded a bull-run. C. They watched a thrilling bull-fight. D. They designed a psychological experiment. 9. What was the unexpected finding in the study? A. People slowed down in crowded areas. B. Tripping posed a danger to bull-runners. C. Bulls coming near made people running faster. D. People tended to speed up in high-density crowds. 10. What is implied in the last paragraph? A. People lose their mind in disasters. B. Future tunnels and bridges may be wider. C. Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collision. D. Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding each other. 11. Which is the best title for the text? A. How crowds react to panic B. Bull-runs caught on in Spain C Dr Parisi’s finding shocks the world D. What architects can learn from bull-running D On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Last year, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit. Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’ n’ roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being controversial. However, some argue that unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them addictive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to developers’ income. For another, games makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games. The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses (诊断) become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling will not do the industry any favours. 12. What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To arouse the readers’ interest about the topic. B. To inform the readers of the harmful effects of games. C. To discuss whether it is necessary to panic about games. D. To show growing public concern about the problem of games. 13. Why is television, together with other media forms, mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To prove that the panic over games will fade away. B. To show that they are as highly addictive as games. C. To compare the differences among these media forms. D. To argue that these media forms are not harmful at all. 14. How do games developers make games addictive? A. They don’t charge players for in-game goods. B. They adjust products based on received data. C. They reward top players with more playtime. D. They keep players’ video game machines updated. 15. In the last paragraph, the author aims to ______. A. offer a suggestion B. make a prediction C. give a warning D. put forward a solution 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Perhaps you’ve stopped doing what you want because you’re afraid of what others think of you. You feel that you must do what they expect and that you must meet their expectations, otherwise you’ll lose their approval. ___16___ Then, you’ll be able to do what you want freely. Think about yourself about what you really like and are interested in. You must lead your life independently. ___17___ However, you might feel afraid to do it because you’ ve always done everything to gain the approval of others. You need to get out of that zone, move to new places, and explore your full potential. By surrounding yourself with people who think like you, you’ll realize that you don’t feel judged. Then, you’ll start doing what you really want. ___18___ Your new friends will integrate into your life and you’ll also keep your genuine friends. On the other hand, those who are always ready to see the negative and question what you’ re trying to do will drift away. To overcome your fear of what others think and of their non-approval, you should start talking about your plans, For instance, you might want to tell a handful of friends about your wishes and dreams. ___19___ You’ll feel confident in yourself and you’ll be able to go on your new path without any fear. It’s unavoidable that not everything will be plain sailing, and you’ll find obstacles along your way. ___20___ People in your environment often don’t understand what you do no matter how much you explain it, so ignore them. A. There is no need to think about what you want. B. You don’t have to change your circle of friends. C. Your life belongs to you, as well as your actions. D. By talking to them, you’ll be able to organize your plans and ideas. E. If this is the case, it’s time to start working on your self-esteem (自尊). F. You must do what you want without being affected by what others think. G. However, you must trust in yourself and seek the necessary strength to move forward. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The story of Brave Gelert is known to many people. Gelert was a dog that faithfully ____21____ the prince’s son, but was then killed by the prince ____22____ a terrible misunderstanding. However, only a few people know that the story is really a pack of ____23____. Let me explain. About a hundred or so years ago there was a hotel owner in Wales who was fed up with ____24____ being so bad. His hotel was stuck in the middle of ____25____ and hardly anyone came to stay. Then, one day, he had a(n) ____26____. A famous ____27____ called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the Middle Ages and had been ____28____ dogs. This is hardly ____29____ as hunting was extremely popular at that time. So what he did was to ______30______ the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ______31______ master. Of course, people would be far more likely to ______32______ the story if there was something they could see. So one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and built a sort of ______33______ from the stones he found lying around. A friend of his, who was an accountant, helped him to construct it. The “tale” soon ______34______ and developed a life of its own. Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried. ______35______, business became very good for the hotel owner. 21. A. contained B. defended C. attacked D. fed 22. A. on account of B. on the basis of C. except for D. in addition to 23. A. lies B. animals C. facts D. procedures 24. A. people B. business C. dogs D. fortune 25. A. somewhere B. elsewhere C. anywhere D. nowhere 26. A. mission B. escape C. idea D. reflection 27. A. cook B. assistant C. prince D. manager 28. A. keen on B. tired of C. sensitive to D. familiar with 29. A. believable B. satisfying C. manageable D. surprising 30. A. make up B. judge C. refer to D. disguise 31. A. inflexible B. sympathetic C. ungrateful D. mighty 32. A. ignore B. believe C. replace D. explore 33. A. shelter B. accommodation C. settlement D. monument 34. A. turned around B. disappeared C. caught on D. floated 35. A. Frankly B. Undoubtedly C. Briefly D. Generally 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher ____36____ (concentrate) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater, Maryland, ____37____ (say) that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be matched to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons ____38____ (document) in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant increase in atmospheric CO2, he said. “We made a list of reasons ____39____ these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them,” Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in reducing the influence of man-made CO2 ____40____ the climate. Dr. Parker and his colleagues ____41____ (carry) out a detailed record of the trees on a regular basis since 1997. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producıng ____42____ (addition) tons of wood each year. The scientists identified the land with trees at different stages of growth ____43____ found that both young and old trees were showing ____44____ (increase) growth rates. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown ____45____ between two and four times faster than the scientists had predicted from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你将参加英语课上的“一分钟演讲”活动。请你针对部分同学在校园内用手机拍摄短视频的现象写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： (1) 陈述看法； (2) 提出建议。 注意： (1) 写作词数应80左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 My Views on Filming Short Videos on Campus ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Our uncle, who lived with us, was a quiet and friendly man. He was fond of hunting and fishing. and it was one of the pleasures of our young life to join him in his hiking to the Great Hill, the Brandy-brow woods, the Pond, and best of all, the Country Brook. Of course the most exciting part of the hiking was an afternoon walk through the woods and along the side of the brook (小溪). remember my first fishing tour, as if it were but yesterday, and especially the wise caution of my uncle in that particular instance which takes the form of a proverb of universal application: “Never brag (自夸) of your fish before you catch him.” After I received that first fishing pole from my uncle, I set off happily with him to the woods. It was a still, sweet day of early summer; the long afternoon shadows of the trees lay cool across our path; the leaves seemed greener, the flowers brighter, the birds merrier than ever before. My uncle, who knew by long experience the points that pickerel (梭鱼) most frequently visited, considerately placed me at the most favorable one. I threw out my line as I had so often seen others, and waited anxiously for a bite, moving the bait (鱼饵) on the surface of the water like the leap of a frog. Nothing came of it “Try again,” said my uncle. Suddenly the bait sank out of sight. “Now for it,” I thought, “Here is a fish at last.” I made a strong pull, and brought up some weeds. Again and again I cast out my line with aching arms, and drew it back empty. Feeling my arms hurting and my spirits sinking, I turned to look at my uncle in a way declaring my intention to give up. “Just try once more,” my uncle said, “We fishermen must have patience.” 注意： （1）续写词数应为150左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly something pulled at my line. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Overcome with my great and bitter disappointment I sat down. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$