考点清单02 单元语法知识梳理归纳 -2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（沪外版2020选择性必修三）

2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考点大串讲（沪外版2020选必三） 专题02 单元语法知识梳理归纳 Unit 1 Fighting Stress 动词不定式作主语和表语的语法详解 一、动词不定式作主语 1. 基本概念 动词不定式（to + 动词原形）可直接或借助形式主语 it 作句子的主语，表示具体的行为或动作。 2. 结构形式 直接作主语：To + 动词原形 + 谓语 + 其他成分。 例句：To master a language requires patience. 分析：“To master a language” 是主语，表示具体行为；谓语是 “requires”，宾语是 “patience”。 形式主语 it：It + 谓语 + 其他成分 + to + 动词原形。 例句：It is essential to protect the environment. 分析：“It” 作形式主语，真正主语是 “to protect the environment”，避免句子头重脚轻。 3. 常用句型 It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 例句：It is difficult to solve this problem. 重点形容词：easy, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, foolish, wise 等。 It takes + 时间 / 金钱 + to do sth. 例句：It took me two hours to finish the homework. 同义转换：To finish the homework took me two hours.（较少用） It is + 名词 + to do sth. 例句：It is a pleasure to work with you. 常见名词：a pity, a shame, an honor, a good idea 等。 4. 例句深化分析 例句 1：To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） 分析：两个不定式分别作主语和表语，形成对称结构。 例句 2：To err is human; to forgive, divine.（犯错是人之常情；宽恕是超凡的。） 分析：省略结构，第二个分句省略了 “is divine”，仅保留 “to forgive”。 二、动词不定式作表语 1. 基本概念 动词不定式位于系动词（如 be、seem、appear 等）后，补充说明主语的内容或性质。 2. 结构形式 主语 + 系动词 + to + 动词原形（表语） 例句 1：Her goal is to become a doctor. 例句 2：The problem seems to be getting worse. 3. 功能用法 解释主语内容 例句：My dream is to travel around the world. 分析：“to travel around the world” 具体说明 “dream” 的内容。 与主语存在逻辑等同关系 例句：The most important thing is to stay calm. 分析：“to stay calm” 等同于 “the most important thing”。 表将来动作 例句：Our next step is to conduct experiments. 分析：“to conduct experiments” 表示将来要做的动作。 4. 特殊句型 主语（疑问词 + to do）+ 系动词 + 表语 例句：The question is how to improve our efficiency. 分析：疑问词 + 不定式结构作主语，表语进一步解释问题的内容。 主语（表建议的名词）+ 系动词 + to do 例句：My suggestion is to start early. 分析：“suggestion” 后用不定式作表语，表具体建议。 5. 例句深化分析 例句 1：What I want to do is to help those in need. 分析：主语从句 “What I want to do”，表语 “to help those in need”，强调具体行为。 例句 2：All you have to do is (to) press the button. 分析：当主语部分有实义动词 “do” 时，表语的不定式可省略 “to”。 三、动词不定式作主语与表语的对比 语法功能 主语 表语 位置 句首 系动词后 作用 表示行为或动作，常与必要性、目的、责任等相关。 补充说明主语的内容、性质或未来方向，与主语存在逻辑上的等同或解释关系。 例句 To protect the environment is our duty. Our duty is to protect the environment. 特点 常用形式主语 it 避免句子头重脚轻。 可与主语从句（如 what 从句）互换，强调具体内容。 四、巩固练习 （一）用动词不定式改写句子 Reading books is a good habit. 改写：To read books is a good habit. She wants to become a teacher. That is her dream. 合并：Her dream is to become a teacher. We should protect the environment. It is our responsibility. 合并：It is our responsibility to protect the environment. （二）翻译句子 学好英语需要大量的练习。 翻译：To learn English well requires a lot of practice. 我们的任务是在月底前完成这个项目。 翻译：Our task is to finish this project by the end of the month. 真正重要的不是你说什么，而是你做什么。 翻译：What really matters is not what you say but what you do. （四）语法填空 1.It is no use ______ (complain) about the situation. We should take action. 答案：complaining 解析：“It is no use doing sth.” 固定句型，用动名词。 2. The first thing ______ (do) when you arrive is to find a place to stay. 答案：to do 解析：序数词后用不定式作后置定语。 3.What I plan ______ (do) tomorrow is to visit the museum. 答案：to do 解析：“plan to do sth.” 固定搭配。 练习答案详解 （一）改写句子 To read books is a good habit. 动名词与不定式作主语可互换，但动名词更常见，不定式更强调具体行为。 Her dream is to become a teacher. 原句两个简单句合并为主系表结构，不定式作表语解释 “dream” 的内容。 It is our responsibility to protect the environment. 用形式主语 “It” 避免句子头重脚轻，真正主语是 “to protect the environment”。 （二）翻译句子 To learn English well requires a lot of practice. 不定式作主语，“requires” 是谓语，“a lot of practice” 是宾语。 Our task is to finish this project by the end of the month. “Our task” 是主语，“is” 是系动词，“to finish...” 是表语，表将来动作。 What really matters is not what you say but what you do. 主语从句 “What really matters”，表语由 “not...but...” 连接两个宾语从句。 （三）语法填空 complaining：“It is no use/good doing sth.” 固定句型，意为 “做某事没用 / 无意义”。 to do：序数词 “first” 后用不定式作后置定语，表 “要做的第一件事”。 to do：“plan to do sth.” 固定搭配，“plan” 后接不定式。 Unit 2 Cherishing Friendship 动词不定式时态和语态的语法详解 一、动词不定式的时态 动词不定式的时态形式反映动作发生的时间与谓语动词的关系。其基本形式有四种： 1. 一般式（to + 动词原形） 用法：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在其后发生。 例句： She hopes to visit Paris next year.（动作发生在谓语 “hopes” 之后） He seems to know the answer.（动作与谓语 “seems” 同时发生） 2. 完成式（to have + 过去分词） 用法：表示动作在谓语动词之前已经完成。 例句： I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.（“kept” 发生在 “am sorry” 之前） He appears to have studied abroad.（“studied” 发生在 “appears” 之前） 3. 进行式（to be + 现在分词） 用法：表示动作与谓语动词同时进行。 例句： They seem to be discussing a problem.（“discussing” 与 “seem” 同时进行） She pretended to be sleeping when I entered.（“sleeping” 与 “pretended” 同时进行） 4. 完成进行式（to have been + 现在分词） 用法：表示动作从过去开始，持续到谓语动词的时间，可能还在继续。 例句： He is said to have been working on this project for years.（“working” 从过去持续到现在） She claims to have been living here since childhood.（“living” 从过去持续到现在） 时态对比总结 时态形式 时间关系 例句 一般式 同时或之后发生 She wants to buy a new dress. 完成式 先于谓语动词完成 I regret to have missed the train. 进行式 与谓语动词同时进行 They happened to be walking in the park. 完成进行式 从过去持续到现在，可能继续 He seems to have been crying. 二、动词不定式的语态 动词不定式的语态形式取决于其逻辑主语与动作的关系：主动或被动。 1. 主动语态（to + 动词原形） 用法：逻辑主语是动作的执行者。 例句： She plans to write a novel.（She 是 “write” 的执行者） We hope to solve the problem soon.（We 是 “solve” 的执行者） 2. 被动语态（to be + 过去分词） 用法：逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 例句： The house needs to be repaired.（The house 是 “repaired” 的承受者） He asked to be given another chance.（He 是 “given” 的承受者） 3. 完成被动式（to have been + 过去分词） 用法：表示动作在谓语动词之前已经被完成。 例句： The task is reported to have been completed.（“completed” 在 “is reported” 之前） She is believed to have been promoted.（“promoted” 在 “is believed” 之前） 语态对比总结 语态形式 逻辑关系 例句 主动语态 主语执行动作 They want to build a bridge. 被动语态 主语承受动作 The bridge needs to be built. 完成被动式 动作在谓语前已被完成 The bridge seems to have been built. 三、特殊结构与时态语态的结合 1. 疑问词 + 不定式 结构：疑问词（what, how, where, when, whether）+ to + 动词原形 例句： I don’t know what to do next.（主动语态） She asked how to be treated for the illness.（被动语态） 2. 形容词 + 不定式 结构：形容词（easy, difficult, hard, interesting 等）+ to + 动词原形 特点：不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。 例句： The problem is easy to solve.（= to be solved） This book is interesting to read.（= to be read） 3. 动词 + 宾语 + 不定式 结构：动词（ask, tell, order, encourage 等）+ 宾语 + to + 动词原形 例句： The teacher told us to finish the homework.（主动语态） The manager ordered the report to be submitted today.（被动语态） 四、深化难点解析 1. 主动表被动的特殊情况 形容词后：The box is heavy to carry. need/want/require 后：The car needs washing (= to be washed). be to blame/let 结构：He is to blame for the accident. 2. 双重时态的不定式 例句： She is happy to have been studying here for three years.（完成进行式被动） They claimed to have been given special training.（完成被动式） 3. 省略 to 的被动不定式 在使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, hear, watch 等）后，被动语态需还原 “to”。 例句： He was made to work overtime.（主动：make sb. do → 被动：be made to do） The girl was seen to enter the building.（主动：see sb. do → 被动：be seen to do） 五、巩固练习 （一）选择最佳答案 She is said ______ abroad when she was young. A. to study B. to be studying C. to have studied D. to have been studying 答案：C 解析：“study” 发生在 “is said” 之前，用完成式。 The new library is reported ______ last month. A. to complete B. to be completed C. to have completed D. to have been completed 答案：D 解析：“library” 是 “complete” 的承受者，且动作已完成，用完成被动式。 The question is difficult ______. A. to answer B. to be answered C. answering D. being answered 答案：A 解析：形容词后用主动表被动。 I’m sorry ______ you waiting for so long. A. to keep B. to have kept C. keeping D. having kept 答案：B 解析：“keep” 发生在 “am sorry” 之前，用完成式。 The problem seems ______ by the time we arrive. A. to solve B. to have solved C. to be solved D. to have been solved 答案：D 解析：“problem” 是 “solve” 的承受者，且动作在 “arrive” 前完成，用完成被动式。 （二）用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.She appears ______ (work) in the lab all night. 答案：to have been working 解析：动作从过去持续到现在，用完成进行式。 2.The book is worth ______ (read). 答案：reading 解析：“worth doing” 固定搭配，主动表被动。 3.He expected his essay ______ (praise) by the teacher. 答案：to be praised 解析：“essay” 是 “praise” 的承受者，用被动式。 4.They pretended ______ (discuss) the problem when the teacher entered. 答案：to be discussing 解析：动作与 “pretended” 同时进行，用进行式。 5.It’s time the house ______ (repair). 答案：to be repaired 解析：“It’s time sth. to be done” 结构，表 “该做某事了”。 （三）翻译句子 1.据说他已经在这家公司工作了十年。 翻译：He is said to have worked in this company for ten years. 2.这个问题太难，我解决不了。 翻译：The problem is too difficult for me to solve. 3.我们希望明天能完成这项任务。 翻译：We hope to have completed the task by tomorrow. 4.这辆车需要马上修理。 翻译：The car needs to be repaired immediately. 5.老师要求我们按时交作业。 翻译：The teacher required us to hand in our homework on time. （四）语法填空 The film is reported ______ (release) next month. 答案：to be released 解析：“film” 是 “release” 的承受者，且动作未发生，用被动一般式。 I’m glad ______ (meet) you here. 答案：to have met 解析：“meet” 发生在 “am glad” 之前，用完成式。 The task is not easy ______ (accomplish). 答案：to accomplish 解析：形容词后用主动表被动。 She seems ______ (cry). Her eyes are red. 答案：to have been crying 解析：动作从过去持续到现在，可能还在进行，用完成进行式。 The new policy is expected ______ (bring) positive changes. 答案：to bring 解析：主动语态，动作尚未发生。 练习答案详解 （一）选择题 C：“study” 发生在 “is said” 之前，用完成式。 D：“library” 是 “complete” 的承受者，且动作已完成，用完成被动式。 A：形容词后用主动表被动，“to answer” 相当于 “to be answered”。 B：“keep” 发生在 “am sorry” 之前，用完成式。 D：“problem” 是 “solve” 的承受者，且动作在 “arrive” 前完成，用完成被动式。 （二）填空题 to have been working：动作从过去持续到现在，用完成进行式。 reading：“worth doing” 固定搭配，主动表被动。 to be praised：“essay” 是 “praise” 的承受者，用被动式。 to be discussing：动作与 “pretended” 同时进行，用进行式。 to be repaired：“It’s time sth. to be done” 结构，表 “该做某事了”。 （三）翻译句子 He is said to have worked in this company for ten years. “is said” 后接完成式，表示动作已完成。 The problem is too difficult for me to solve. “too...to...” 结构，主动表被动。 We hope to have completed the task by tomorrow. “by tomorrow” 表将来完成，用完成式。 The car needs to be repaired immediately. “need to be done” 表被动需求。 The teacher required us to hand in our homework on time. “require sb. to do sth.” 固定搭配。 （四）语法填空 to be released：“film” 是 “release” 的承受者，且动作未发生，用被动一般式。 to have met：“meet” 发生在 “am glad” 之前，用完成式。 to accomplish：形容词后用主动表被动。 to have been crying：动作从过去持续到现在，可能还在进行，用完成进行式。 to bring：主动语态，动作尚未发生。 Unit 3 Exploring the Unknown 同位语从句 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。对前面名词进一步说明或补充；常有如下名词： fact news, idea thought question information reply remark doubt report hope announcement request order advice proposal suggestion recommendation clue belief promise desire command impression word rumor message decision problem possibility They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 ★考点一．that引导的同位语从句。that无意义；在从句中不充当句子成分；不可省。 Doris’ success lies in the fact ______ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others. A. which B. that C. when D. why (06上海春考) √Match the parts of the sentences The possibility that the world is flat pleased the Canadians The idea that more and more people settle down in Canada was exciting. The hope that the weather in winter would be warmer is not scientific. The fact that we could go to France terrifies many people. The belief that there will be an earthquake worried scientists. ★考点二. 疑问词when, who, where, how, whether, why引导的同位语从句。注意同位语从句中表示“是否”不能用if引导。 I have no impression ____ he went home, perhaps by bike A. that B. how C. when D whether √找出下列句子的错误，并总结规律。 1.There is some doubt if he will keep his word. 2.The decision if there is much homework today has not made yet.. 3.The fact which he was successful proves his ability. √使用同位语从句，补全下面句子 4.The question ___________________________ (他为什么迟到) is not answered. 5.There is still doubt _________________________________________( 我们班能否赢得比赛). 6.Here comes the problem __________________________________(Smith是怎样达到上海的). 7.I have no idea _______________________________ (这个人是谁). 8.We are no clue ___________________________________ (机场离这儿多远) 9.They will discuss the problem ______________________________(运动会何时召开) 10.Is there any message _____________________________ (谁将成为下周总决赛的获胜者)? ★考点三. 同位语从句的语序。注意在同位语从句中要用陈述句语序，不能倒装。 Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ________? A. where is the party to be held B. where the party is to be held C. if the party is to be held D. whether is the party to be held √找出下列句子的错误，并总结规律。 1. It is a mystery why is Jay so famous. 2. There is a problem when will Liuxiang be back to the match. 3. People think it a big question why did Leslie kill himself. √使用同位语从句，把下面两句合并为一句 4. Where shall we go for the three-day holiday? I have no idea. _______________________________________________________________________. 5. How has he managed to complete the task ahead of schedule? Do you have any clue? ________________________________________________________________________. 6. Does it cost too much? I have some doubt about this. ________________________________________________________________________. 7. Why did you miss the concert? The problem is still a mystery. ________________________________________________________________________. 8. A question makes him upset. Does he belong to the family? _______________________________________________________________________. ★考点四. 同位语从句的语气。一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气：即“（should）+动词原形”。这类名词有 suggestion、advice、proposal、demand、request、command、order、desire 等。 This is our only request that this ___________ as soon as possible. A. will be settled B. is settled C. should settle D. be settled √找出下列句子的错误，并总结规律 1.Here is the professor’s suggestion that he has a good rest. ___________________________________________________________________ 2.His advice that we walked on foot was nonsense. ___________________________________________________________________. 3.My mother gives me an order that I must get up early. ____________________________________________________________________. ★考点五. 同位语从句的分隔现象。为了句子平衡的需要，同位语从句和前面的名词往往被其它成分所隔开。 Word came that our women football team had won the game. An idea occurred to her _____ she might work out the maths problem in another way. A. who B. why C. that D. what (05上海春考) —It’s thirty years since we last met. —But I still remembered the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when ★考点六. 同位语从句与定语从句的比较. 定语从句是形容词性的从句, 它与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。同位语从句是名词性从句，是对前面名词作进一步补充性解释。 试比较： 1.The news that we won the game is exciting. （同位语从句） that从句是对“消息”的内容的具体说明补充：“我们赢得了比赛”。 2.The news that he told me is surprising. （定语从句） that 从句是对“消息”的限定修饰：“他告诉我的消息”。消息的内容不得而知。 Dad made a promise _________ he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. A. what B. / C. that D. which Dad made a promise __________ excited all his children. A. what B. which C./ D. when √请判断下面句子是同位语从句还是定语从句？ 1.I got the news that our team won the game.( ) 2.The news that you heard is not true. ( ) 3.Have you any idea who he went with? ( ) 4.Is there any hope that they will be home in time? ( ) 5.The problem that puzzled me doesn’t exist at all. ( ) 6. His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. ( ) 7.People hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. ( ) 8.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. ( ) 9. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way. ( ) 10. This is the reason that he gave for his absence ( ) √请使用同位语从句或定语从句合并下列句子 1. The news makes everyone nervous. Mary told it to us yesterday. __________________________________________________________________________. 2.Global warming might be increasing. This possibility worries scientists. ___________________________________________________________________________. 3.Mary left a message with me. She won’t be at home this weekend. ___________________________________________________________________________. 4.Anyone can apply. He has a sense of humour and a desire to help others.. ___________________________________________________________________________. 用同位语从句翻译下列句子 1. 听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂 (news that) (03春考) _______________________________________________________________________. 2.人们表达了战争结束的渴望。（同位语从句）（desire） _______________________________________________________________________. 3. 上海市政府今年将推行高考改革的政策。（同位语从句） _______________________________________________________________________. 4. 越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实：找一份适合的工作实属不易。（同位语从句） _______________________________________________________________________ 5. 毫无疑问，北京奥运会给全世界人民留下了深刻的印象。（同位语从句） _______________________________________________________________________. 6. 汶川大地震中大约有7万多人遇难的报道让我们每人深感悲痛。（同位语从句） _______________________________________________________________________. 7.老师传达了学生们的推荐意见，George被任命为班长。（同位语从句）(recommendation) ________________________________________________________________________. 参考答案 1. 听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。 翻译 ：When they heard the news that the 2008 Olympic Games would be held in Beijing, people were overjoyed. 解析 ：“the news that the 2008 Olympic Games would be held in Beijing” 是同位语从句，用于解释说明 “the news” 的具体内容，引导词 “that” 在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。 2. 人们表达了战争结束的渴望。 翻译 ：People expressed their desire that the war should come to an end. 解析 ：“that the war should come to an end” 是同位语从句，解释说明 “their desire” 的具体内容。由于表示 “渴望” 的内容，从句中使用了虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），其中 “should” 可以省略。 3. 上海市政府今年将推行高考改革的政策。 翻译 ：The Shanghai Municipal Government will implement the policy that the college entrance examination will be reformed this year. 解析 ：“that the college entrance examination will be reformed this year” 是同位语从句，说明 “the policy” 的具体内容，引导词 “that” 不作成分，但不能省略。 4. 越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实：找一份适合的工作实属不易。 翻译 ：More and more college students are facing the fact that it is not easy to find a suitable job. 解析 ：“that it is not easy to find a suitable job” 是同位语从句，解释说明 “the fact” 的具体内容，引导词 “that” 不作成分，但不能省略。其中 “it” 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语 “to find a suitable job”。 5. 毫无疑问，北京奥运会给全世界人民留下了深刻的印象。 翻译 ：There is no doubt that the Beijing Olympic Games made a deep impression on people all over the world. 解析 ：“that the Beijing Olympic Games made a deep impression on people all over the world” 是同位语从句，解释说明 “There is no doubt” 的具体内容，引导词 “that” 不作成分，但不能省略。 6. 汶川大地震中大约有7万多人遇难的报道让我们每人深感悲痛。 翻译 ：The news that about 70,000 people lost their lives in the Wenchuan earthquake made us all very sad. 解析 ：“that about 70,000 people lost their lives in the Wenchuan earthquake” 是同位语从句，解释说明 “the news” 的具体内容，引导词 “that” 不作成分，但不能省略。 7. 老师传达了学生们的推荐意见，George被任命为班长。 翻译 ：The teacher conveyed the recommendation that George should be appointed as monitor. 解析 ：“that George should be appointed as monitor” 是同位语从句，解释说明 “the recommendation” 的具体内容，引导词 “that” 不作成分，但不能省略。由于表示 “推荐意见”，从句中使用了虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），其中 “should” 可以省略。 Unit 4 Protecting the Environment 倒装句与强调句 种类 倒装条件 例句 完全倒装 here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子表示强调 Here comes the old lady! Out rushed the children. 表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首 Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. 强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡 Present at the meeting were 1,000 students. 部分倒装 not, little, few, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, not until, in no way, at no time; under no circumstances等表示否定意义的副词放于句首 Little does he care about what I said. Hardly did I know what had happened. Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. only修饰的状语放于句首 Only then did he realize the importance of English. Only when the meeting was over was he able to go back to meet his friend. not only…but also......; hardly...when....;no sooner....than......连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒 Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it. neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装 Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. so…that, such…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday. as引导的让步状语 Tired as he was, he kept on running. Child as he is, he has learned a lot. so, neither或nor前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。 He can play the piano. So can I. 省略if的虚拟条件句 Were I you, I would not do it in this way. 选择题 1. ________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 2. Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered 3. —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup! —________， madam. It’s our soup of the day. A. Let me see B. So it is C. Don’t mention it D. Neither do I 4. Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged 5. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D.is the teacher satisfied 6. John opened the door. There _________ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 7. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught 8. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jailing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 9.____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 10. Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was 11. --- How was the televised debate last night? --- Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention. A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate 12. Just in front of our house ___ with a history of 1,000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands 13. —Did you see who the driver was? —No, so quickly ______ that I couldn’t gat a good look at his face. A．did the car speed by B．the car sped by C．does the car speed by D．the car speeds by 14. So much of interest ______ that most visitors simply fun out of time before seeing it all. A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer 【答案】BBBCD DDABA BBAC Translation（注意使用使用倒装句型） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 只有通过努力我们才能成功。(Only…) 2. 我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。(Never) 3. 直到那时我才意识到我犯了一个多么严重的错误。(Not until…) 4. 尽管他还是个孩子,他却承担起了养家的责任。(as) 5 . 这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …) 【答案】 Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today. Only by working hard can we succeed. Not until then did I realize what a serious mistake I had made. Child as he is, he takes on the responsibility of supporting the family So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work. 一、用词或短语帮助强调: 词：so, the very, just, the only 短语:at all（跟否定句）, on earth, in the world （根本，究竟，到底） eg. You are the very person I am looking for. eg. You are the only person who is honest in this world. eg. I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited. eg. Men don’t enjoy shopping at all. eg. What on earth are you doing? eg. Why in the world are you always late? 二、强调谓语，用助动词帮助强调，有人称和数的变化： eg. Do be careful! eg. He did tell me the news. eg. She does love talking. eg. Do teach him a lesson! 三、强调句型：强调除谓语以外的句子成分 强调句的基本句型是 “It is/was＋__被强调的部分_ ＋ that/who ＋其他部分”。 被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面： 1. 被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。 It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night. 是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。 2. 被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。过去的某种时态，用it was…that…；现在或将来的某种时态，用it is…that… It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium. 是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。 ※注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。注意保持主谓一致。 It is I that am your English teacher. 你们的英语老师是我。 It was I who put forward the theory first. 是我最先提出这个理论的。 3. 被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。 It was in the park that I met him. 我是在公园里遇到他的。 It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries. 17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school yesterday. 4. 对not...until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是： It is/was not until...that从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。 eg. It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital. 直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。 翻译练习 1. 正是这场沙尘暴(dust storm)的后果才使人们充分认识到植树的重要性(It…) It was the result of the dust storm that made people fully realize the importance of planting trees. 2. 直到20 世纪后期，中国运动员才以他们在奥运会上的杰出表现让世界对他们刮目相看.(begin to surprise the world) It was not until the late twentieth century that Chinese athletes began to surprise the world with their excellent performances at the Olympics. 3. 我做梦也没有想到会在这次化学竞赛中获一等奖。( Little…) Little did I dream of winning the first prize in the chemistry contest this time. 4. 我们只有从这件事中吸取教训才能避免再犯类似的错误。( Only…) Only by learning from this matter can we avoid making similar mistakes again. 5. 从来没有一个国家能在这样短的时间内取得这样大的进步（ Never…） Never has any country made such great progress in such a short time. 6. 一个人不经历失败几乎体会不到成功的喜悦。( Hardly…) Hardly can one feel the happiness of success without experiencing failure. 7. 学生只有通过一起学习和玩耍,才能学会具有团队精神( team sprit)。( Only…) Only by working and playing together can students learn to have team spirit. 8. 是那些在奥运会上为国争光的运动员为我们树立了学习的榜样。( It...) It was those athletes who have won honor for our country at the Olympics that set a good example for us. 9. 昨天发生的事应责怪我。(It; blame) It was I that was to blame for what happened yesterday. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$