内容正文:
冠词专题
目录
考点集锦 1
考点一:冠词的分类与基本概念 1
考点二:不定冠词 a/an 的用法 1
考点三:定冠词 the 的用法 3
考点四:零冠词(不用冠词的情况) 5
考点五:易混短语:有无 the 的含义区别 6
考点六:冠词的综合辨析 7
考点七:中考高频考点总结 8
考点八:固定搭配汇总 8
小试牛刀 9
考点集锦
考点一:冠词的分类与基本概念
1. 定义
冠词是用于名词或 “形容词 + 名词” 前,帮助说明名词含义的虚词,分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不使用冠词)三种。
2. 核心作用
不定冠词(a/an):表示 “泛指” 或 “一个”,用于可数名词单数前。
定冠词(the):表示 “特指”,强调特定的人或物。
零冠词:表示 “泛指” 或在特定语法结构中不使用冠词。
考点二:不定冠词 a/an 的用法
1. 表泛指或数量 “一”(基本用法)
a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前:a book(一本书)、a university(一所大学,音标以 /j/ 开头,辅音音素)。
an 用于元音音素开头的单词前:an hour(一小时,音标以 /aʊ/ 开头)、an apple(一个苹果)。
2. 表类别(一类人或事物)
结构:A/An + 可数名词单数 表示类别。用于举例或泛指类别,相当于 “any”。
A tiger is a carnivorous animal that plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.
老虎是一种食肉动物,在维持生态平衡中起着至关重要的作用。
3. 首次提及或非特指
首次提到某人 / 物时用不定冠词。
I met a girl at the library yesterday. The girl was reading Pride and Prejudice and we soon started a conversation about our favorite books.
昨天我在图书馆遇见了一个女孩。那个女孩正在读《傲慢与偏见》,我们很快就开始聊起了我们最喜欢的书。
4. 表示频率、价格或速度(相当于 “每”)
three times a week(一周三次)、$10 a kilo(10 美元一公斤)。
5. 用于序数词前表 “又一、再一”
I have tried twice, and I want to try a third time.(我已试了两次,想再试一次。)
6. 固定搭配
in a hurry(匆忙)、a number of(许多)、as a result(结果)have a great time(玩得愉快)。
7. 不定冠词与数词 one 的区别
a/an:侧重 “泛指” 或 “类别”,语气较弱。
A young man came to the office and asked for a job. (这里是首次提到 “一个年轻人”,只是泛指他属于 “年轻人” 这个类别,并非强调数量 “一个”,所以用 a。)
one:侧重 “数量一”,语气较强。
One student passed the exam, but the others failed.(这里突出了只有 “一个” 学生通过了考试,强调数量少)
记忆口诀:不见元音不加 an,不看字母看音素,不见辅音不加 a。
2024 年浙江温州中考真题:I have ________ dog. His name is Floppy.
答案:a。解析:表示泛指 “一条狗”,dog 以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词 a。
2024 年贵州铜仁中考真题:— What are you going to be when you grow up? — I'm going to be ________ doctor like Zhong Nanshan.
答案:a。解析:表示泛指 “一名医生”,doctor 以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词 a。
2024 年贵州黔东南州中考真题:— Have you ever worked as ________ volunteer during the COVID - 19 pandemic (新冠疫情)? — Yes. It was ________ unforgettable experience for me.
答案:a;an。解析:第一空表示泛指 “一名志愿者”,volunteer 以辅音音素开头,用 a;第二空表示泛指 “一次难忘的经历”,unforgettable 以元音音素开头,用 an。
2024 年重庆 B 卷中考真题:What ________ nice day! Let's go for a picnic.
答案:a。解析:“What a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数!” 是感叹句结构,nice 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年四川甘孜州中考真题:She is ________ famous singer in China and has many fans.
答案:a。解析:表示泛指 “一名著名的歌手”,famous 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年四川广元中考真题:As we know, schools and families play ________ important role in teaching students about the value of working hard.
答案:an。解析:play an important role in... 是固定短语,意为 “在…… 中起重要作用”,important 以元音音素开头,用 an。
考点三:定冠词 the 的用法
1. 表特指(特定的人或物)
相当于 “这 / 那 / 这些 / 那些”,指上文提到过的事物或双方已知的事物。
上文提及:I met a girl at the library yesterday. The girl was reading Pride and Prejudice and we soon started a conversation about our favorite books. (昨天我在图书馆遇见了一个女孩。那个女孩正在读《傲慢与偏见》,我们很快就开始聊起了我们最喜欢的书。)
双方已知:Close the door, please.(请关门,双方都知道指哪扇门。)
2. 用于独一无二的事物前
the sun(太阳)、the earth(地球)、the moon(月亮)。
3. 用于西洋乐器、形容词最高级和序数词前
play the piano(弹钢琴)、the first lesson(第一课)、the most beautiful girl(最美的女孩)。
4. 表示某一类人或事物
用在形容词前,指一类人:the old(老人)、the poor(穷人)。
5. 用于姓氏复数前表 “一家人” 或 “夫妇”,谓语动词用复数
the Greens(格林一家)、the Smiths(史密斯夫妇)。
6. 用于江河湖海、山脉等专有名词前
the Yellow River(黄河)、the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)。
7. 固定搭配
① in the end(最后)、the same as(与…… 相同)、by the way(顺便说)。
② 击打 / 触摸身体某部位时,用 the 而非物主代词。
hit sb. in the face(打某人的脸,柔软部位用 in)。
catch sb. by the arm(抓住某人的胳膊,硬部位用 by)。
pat sb. on the shoulder(拍某人的肩膀,平面部位用 on)。
③ the 用于 “比较级 + of the two” 结构
表示 “两者中较…… 的一个”,必须加 the。
He is the taller of the two brothers.(他是两兄弟中较高的那个)。
记忆口诀:特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及,世上独一无二,方位名词乐器,形容词最高级,姓氏复数序数。
2024 年贵州黔西南州中考真题:Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
答案:the; a。解析:第一空特指 “中国的首都”,用 the;第二空表示泛指 “一个有悠久历史的城市”,city 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年山东滨州中考真题:— Have you ever seen ________ film Ne Zha? — Yes, I have. It tells us ________ different story of Ne Zha.
答案:the; a。解析:第一空特指《哪吒》这部电影,用 the;第二空表示泛指 “一个不同的故事”,different 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年四川自贡中考真题:— Look, who's ________ woman in red? — She's my new English teacher with ________ eight - year - old daughter.
答案:the; an。解析:第一空特指 “穿红色衣服的女人”,用 the;第二空表示泛指 “一个八岁的女儿”,eight - year - old 以元音音素开头,用 an。
2024 年湖北黄石中考真题:Bill bought ________ useful book. ________ book is very interesting.
答案:A。解析:第一空表示泛指 “一本有用的书”,useful 以辅音音素开头,用 a;第二空特指比尔买的这本书,用 the。
考点四:零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
1. 名词前有限定词
名词前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时,不用冠词。
his book(他的书)、this pen(这支笔)、Tom’s car(汤姆的车)。
2. 表示学科、三餐、球类 / 棋类运动
have lunch(吃午饭)、play basketball(打篮球)、learn English(学英语)。
3. 时间名词(星期、月份、季节、节日)
in May(在五月)、on Sunday(在周日)、at Christmas(在圣诞节)。
季节名词前有无 the 的区别
泛指季节:用零冠词。
Spring is my favorite season.(春天是我最喜欢的季节)。
特指某一年的季节:用 the。
The summer of 2023 was extremely hot.(2023 年的夏天酷热难耐)。
4. 专有名词(人名、地名、国家名等)
Mr. Li(李先生)、China(中国)、New York(纽约)。
5. 交通方式(与 by 连用)
by bus(乘公交)、by bike(骑自行车)、by air(乘飞机)。
6. 抽象名词或物质名词表泛指
Knowledge can be acquired through reading and experience.
(“知识” 是泛指抽象概念,非特指某类知识。)
She gained confidence after winning the competition.
(“自信” 是泛指个人品质,非具体某一次的自信。)
7. 固定搭配
at first(首先)、on foot(步行)、face to face(面对面)。
记忆口诀:代词限定名词前,学科球类三餐前,星期月份季节前,交通方式节日前。
考点五:易混短语:有无 the 的含义区别
无 the
有 the
例句对比
at table
at the table
When I got home, my family was already at table.
(我到家时,家人已经在吃饭了。)
She sat at the table and began to write a letter.
(她坐在桌子旁,开始写信。)
by sea
by the sea
Goods are often transported by sea because it’s cheaper.
(货物常通过海路运输,因为成本更低。)
They bought a house by the sea and spent their holidays there.(他们在海边买了房子,在那里度假。)
go to school
go to the school
She can’t go to school today because she’s ill.
(她今天不能去上学,因为生病了。)
The parent went to the school to talk to the teacher.
(家长去学校和老师谈话。)
in class
in the class
It’s impolite to sleep in class while the teacher is speaking. (老师讲课时在课堂上睡觉是不礼貌的。)
He is the tallest in the class.(他是班上最高的。)
in hospital
in the hospital
Her grandfather is seriously ill and now he is in hospital.(她祖父病得很重,现在住院了。)
I went to visit my friend in the hospital yesterday.
(我昨天去医院看望了我的朋友。)
in front of:
在外部的前面
in the front of
在内部的前面
There is a tree in front of the house.(房子前面有棵树)。
The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.(老师站在教室前面)。
记忆口诀:无 the 表动作,有 the 表位置
考点六:冠词的综合辨析
1. 不定冠词 a/an 的判断核心:音标而非字母
易错点:以元音字母开头但发辅音的单词(如university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/)用 a;以辅音字母开头但发元音的单词(如hour /ˈaʊər/)用 an。
音素判断的 3 大误区:
① 以 u 开头的单词:
发 /juː/(辅音音素)用 a:a university(一所大学)、a useful book(一本有用的书)。
发 /ʌ/(元音音素)用 an:an umbrella(一把伞)、an uncle(一位叔叔)。
② 以 h 开头的单词:
h 不发音时用 an:an hour(一小时)、an honor(一项荣誉)。
h 发音时用 a:a horse(一匹马)、a hotel(一家酒店)。
③ 缩写词首字母发音:
an NBA player(NBA 发音以 /e/ 开头)、a UFO(UFO 发音以 /j/ 开头)。
2. 定冠词 the 的特指场景
陷阱:当名词后有定语修饰时,需用 the 表特指。
I like the book on the desk.(我喜欢桌上的那本书,特指 “桌上的”)。
3. 零冠词与不定冠词的辨析
表 “泛指一类” 时,可数名词单数用 a/an,复数用零冠词。
A cat is a pet.(单数,用 a)
Cats are pets.(复数,用零冠词)。
2024 年新疆中考真题:— The photo makes me think of ________ trip to Hangzhou last year. — Yeah, we had ________ great time there.
答案:the;a。解析:第一空特指去年去杭州的旅行,用定冠词 the;第二空 have a great time 是固定短语,意为 “玩得愉快”,用不定冠词 a。
考点七:中考高频考点总结
考点类型
常考形式
解题关键
a/an 的选择
元音 / 辅音音素开头的单词
看音标而非字母,如honest用 an
the 的特指用法
上文提及、最高级、乐器等
记住 “独一无二、特指、最高级” 规则
零冠词场景
三餐、球类、交通方式等
熟记固定搭配,如by bike无 the
易混短语
at table vs. at the table
理解有无 the 的语义差异
综合辨析
混合考查多种用法(如 the+a)
结合语境判断泛指 / 特指
考点八:固定搭配汇总
1. 含不定冠词 a/an 的短语
a few 一些、a little 一点、a lot of 许多、have a cold 感冒、take an interest in 对…… 感兴趣、once upon a time从前、all of a sudden突然、as a matter of fact 事实上、have a good time玩得开心
2. 含定冠词 the 的短语
the day after tomorrow后天、the Great Wall长城、in the morning在早上、all the time一直、in the distance在远处、make the bed 铺床、by the way 顺便说、in the middle of在…… 中间、in the sky在天空中
3. 零冠词短语
at home在家、in bed卧床、on duty值日、go to church去做礼拜
4. 易混
take place(发生,零冠词)vs. take the place of(代替,加 the)
in prison(坐牢,零冠词)vs. in the prison(在监狱里,加 the)
2024 年重庆 A 卷中考真题:Look! There are so many stars in ________ sky.
答案:C。解析:in the sky 是固定短语,意为 “在天空中”,用定冠词 the。
小试牛刀
1.Deepseek is __________ new AI technology in 2025. With ________ technology, people can easily get wonderful suggestions by sharing their worries with it.
A.an; a B.a; an C.a; the D./; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Deepseek是2025年的新人工智能技术。有了这项技术,人们可以很容易地通过分享他们的烦恼得到很好的建议。
考查冠词辨析。an用于元音音素前;a用于辅音音素前;th定冠词;/不填。根据“new AI technology”可知,泛指一个新科技,new辅音音素开头,a符合句意;根据“technology”可知,特指前文的科技,the符合句意,故选C。
2.Granny gave the kitten ________ comfortable bath and brushed its fur until it was soft.
A./ B.the C.a D.an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:奶奶给小猫舒舒服服地洗了个澡,还把它的毛刷得软绵绵的。
考查冠词的用法。根据“Granny gave the kitten ... comfortable bath”可知,此处泛指一个舒服的澡,comfortable是以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故选C。
3.Chinese tea culture started about 4,000 years ago. Nowadays drinking tea has become ________ daily habit in China.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】A
【详解】句意:中国的茶文化大约始于4000年前。如今,在中国,喝茶已成为一种日常习惯。
考查冠词用法。空处泛指“一种日常习惯”,且daily是以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a。故选A。
4.In our school library, readers can have some coffee in ________ area next to the door.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在我们学校的图书馆,读者可以在门旁边的区域喝咖啡。
考查冠词辨析。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。句中“area”后有定语“next to the door”修饰,表示特指“门旁边的那个区域”,需用定冠词the。故选C。
5.There was ________ emperor in ancient times. ________ emperor was very kind to his people.
A.a; The B.an; The C.the; An D.an; An
【答案】B
【详解】句意:古代有一位皇帝。皇帝对他的人民非常仁慈。
考查冠词。a不定冠词,一个,后接发音以辅音音素开头的单词;an不定冠词,一个,后接发音以元音音素开头的单词;the定冠词,表示特指。根据“emperor in ancient times”可知,第一空表示泛指,且emperor发音以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an;第二空特指这个皇帝很仁慈,用定冠词the。故选B。
6.—Quan Hongchan, ________ diving star of China, is popular with Chinese people.
—I’m her big fan. Her performances never disappoint me.
A./ B.a C.an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——全红婵,一位中国的跳水明星,深受中国人民的喜爱。——我是她的忠实粉丝。她的表现从未让我失望。
考查冠词。此处是泛指中国的一名跳水明星,应用不定冠词,diving以辅音音素开头,应用a。故选B。
7.At ________ age of six, Jack read ________ article about music. From then on, he fell in love
with music.
A.the; an B.an; a C.the; a D.an; an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:杰克六岁时读了一篇关于音乐的文章。从那时起,他爱上了音乐。
考查冠词。the表示特指,或用在固定搭配中;a/an表示泛指。a通常用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an通常用于元音音素开头的单词前。第一个空是固定搭配at the age of意为“在……岁时”;第二个空表示泛指,article是以元音音素/ɑː/开头的,用an修饰。故选A。
8.Many apps today are designed to assist ________ blind with daily tasks.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如今许多应用程序是为了帮助盲人完成日常任务而设计的。
考查冠词。a“一个”,后接以辅音音素开头发音的名词单数;an“一个”,后接以元音音素开头发音的名词单数;the“这”,定冠词,表示特指。根据“Many apps today are designed to assist...blind with daily tasks.”可知,如今许多应用程序是为了帮助盲人完成日常任务而设计的。the blind“盲人”,指一类人。故选C。
9.The richest man in town had ______ amazing experience on an island according to ______ novel.
A./; the B.a; a C.an; the D.the; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:根据这部小说,镇上最富有的人在一个岛上有过一次奇妙的经历。
考查冠词用法。空一泛指“一次奇妙的经历”,且“amazing”以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an修饰。可排除A/B/D选项。故选C。
10.People will have _________ amazing feeling with artificial intelligence (人工智能). They may not use hands to play _________ violin some day.
A.a; the B.a; an C.an; the D.an; an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:人们对人工智能会有一种奇妙的感觉。也许有一天他们不用手拉小提琴了。
考查冠词。amazing以元音音素发音开头,第一空应是an;play the violin“拉小提琴”,是固定短语,第二空应是the。故选C。
11._______ medical book Tian Hui Yi Jian by Bian Que and Cang Gong has come out in Chengdu.
A.The B.An C.A
【答案】A
【详解】句意:扁鹊和仓公所著的医书《天回医简》在成都出版。
考查冠词。分析句子可知,此处特指《天回医简》这本书,用定冠词the。故选A。
12.I spent ________ interesting Spring Festival this year because I had ________ vacation in Hong Kong instead of staying at home watching TV.
A.an; a seven-day B.a; a eleven-day C.a; six days’
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今年我度过了一个有趣的春节,因为我在香港有一个七天的假期,而不是呆在家里看电视。
考查冠词和复合形容词。第一个空表示泛指,interesting以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an,排除BC;第二个空修饰名词vacation,用复合形容词seven-day,表示“七天的”。故选A。
13.Ne Zha 2 is ________ popular Chinese cartoon film. It tells the story of a young hero who fights against his destiny (命运).
A.a B.the C./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:《哪吒2》是一部受欢迎的中国卡通电影,它讲述了一个与命运抗争的年轻主角的故事。
考查冠词。a不定冠词,泛指一个;the定冠词,特指某个或某些;/零冠词。根据“Ne Zha 2 is ... popular Chinese cartoon film.”可知此处指《哪吒》是一部受欢迎的电影。故选A。
14.—Yesterday I read an article about Zhong Nanshan who led to ________ success in fighting the virus.
—Yes, I’ve heard about him before. He’s ________ success in the medical field.
A.a; / B.а; а C./; a D./; /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——昨天,我读了一篇关于钟南山成功抗击病毒的文章。——是的,我以前听说过他。他在医学领域是一个成功人士。
考查冠词。第一个空,success表示抽象概念“成功”,不可数,因此为零冠词;第二个空中,success表示“一个成功的人”,抽象名词具体化,可数,因此需用不定冠词a。故选C。
15.Li Ming and Wang Qiang have ________ same goal when they run ________ marathon to challenge their limits (极限).
A.the; 不填 B.a; 不填 C.the; a D.a; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:李明和王强在跑马拉松挑战他们的极限时,有相同的目标。
考查冠词。the定冠词;a不定冠词。第一个空表示“相同的目标”是特指,因此使用定冠词“the”,the same“相同的”;第二个空run a marathon“参加马拉松赛跑”。故选C。
16.— Ne Zha 2, directed by the famous director Jiao Zi, is popular all over the world.
— Exactly! I can’t wait to watch it ________ time this weekend.
A.second B.a second C.the second D.my second
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——由著名导演饺子执导的《哪吒2》风靡全球。——的确!我迫不及待地想在这个周末再看一次。
考查序数词用法。根据“I can’t wait to watch it...time this weekend”可知,迫不及待地想再看一次,a second time再一次,故选B。
17.Anna called her parents twice ________ day when she travelled in ________ Western Europe.
A.a; the B.an; the C./; / D.a; /
【答案】D
【详解】句意:安娜在西欧旅行时,每天给父母打两次电话。
考查冠词的用法。a一个(用于辅音音素开头单词前);an一个(用于元音音素开头单词前);the这;那(定冠词);/表示不填。根据第一空,“twice a day”是固定短语,意为“每天两次”,这里用a表示“每一”;第二空,“Western Europe”(西欧)是地区专有名词,前面不用冠词。故选D。
18.All the visitors are asked to line up quietly and go into the exhibition hall one at_______ time.
A.the B./ C.a D.an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:所有的参观者都被要求安静地排好队,一次一个进入展厅。
考查冠词的用法。the定冠词,表特指;a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词或字母前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词或字母前。at a time表示“逐一,每一次”,固定搭配。故选C。
19.________ 84-year-old man was attacked while walking in San Francisco. More than ________ of the population in this city is Asian.
A.A; one-third B.An; one-third C./; one-third D.An; two-third
【答案】B
【详解】句意:一名84岁男子在旧金山行走时遭到袭击。这个城市超过三分之一的人口是亚洲人。
考查冠词和分数的表达。a不定冠词,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;an不定冠词,修饰元音音素开头的单词;第一空修饰man,表示“一位84岁的男子”,84(eighty-four)是元音音素开头的单词,应用an,排除A/C选项;分数的表达结构是“先分子后分母,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母用复数”,排除D选项,故选B。
20.To achieve ________ great success, there must be ________ balance between the challenge of the task and your skill level.
A.a; / B./;a C./; / D.a;a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:为了获得巨大的成功,任务的挑战性和你的技能水平之间必须有一个平衡。
考查冠词。/ 零冠词;a是不定冠词,表示“一个”,用于辅音音素开头的单词前。根据题干可知,首空表示抽象名词具体化,“一件成功的事情”;第二空意为“一个平衡”;great和balance的发音都是以辅音因素开头的。故选D。
21.— What _______ amazing news it is that several new subway lines will be put into use this year.
— Surely it is _______ unusual event for the city’s public transport.
A.the; a B.a; an C./; an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——令人惊讶的是,今年将有几条新的地铁线路投入使用。——对于城市的公共交通来说,这无疑是一件不同寻常的事情。
考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于辅音音素前;an一个,不定冠词,表示泛指,用于元音音素前;the这个,是定冠词,表示特指。第一句是what感叹句结构:what+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语,所以不填任何冠词,排除AB选项,故选C。
22.________ beautiful screen the phone has! It has changed our opinion on mobile phones.
A.What B.How C.What a D.What an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这部手机的屏幕真漂亮!它改变了我们对手机的看法。
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句,中心词是可数名词单数screen,beautiful以辅音音素开头,用感叹句结构:what a adj. n.+主谓。故选C。
23.Boys and girls, teachers often give ________ important advice to you. If you can follow what they say and make ________ effort to study, success is around the corner.
A.an; an B./; an C.an; /
【答案】B
【详解】句意:同学们,老师经常给你们一些重要的建议。如果你能听他们的话,努力学习,成功指日可待。
考查冠词用法。advice“建议”为不可数名词,前面无需冠词;make an effort“努力”,固定短语。故选B。
24.The giraffe’s neck is two meters long—more than half ________ length of its body.
A.the B.a C.an D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:长颈鹿的脖子有两米长,是它身体长度的一半以上。
考查冠词。此处特指长颈鹿的身体,用定冠词the。故选A。
25.—Though Millie has failed, let’s give her ________ second chance to show her skills.
—I agree. We hope she won’t miss ________ chance and achieve success.
A.an, a B.the, 不填 C.a, the D.the, the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——虽然米莉失败了,但让我们再给她一次机会来展示她的技能。——我同意。我们希望她不要错过这个机会,取得成功。
考查冠词。根据“second chance to show her skills.”可知此处指再给她一次机会,用“不定冠词+序数词”,second以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a;第二个空特指上文提及的机会,应用定冠词the。故选C。
26.—Having ________ good fame Hometown of Flowers and Trees, Shuyang has become _________ well-known place all over China for its excellent flowers and trees now.
—I’m proud of my hometown and it’s our young students’ duty to make it better.
A.a; an B.a:/ C.an; the D.the; a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:有着花木之乡的美誉,因为它的杰出的花和树,沭阳已经成为中国一个著名的地方。——我以我的家乡为傲,让它变得更好是我们年轻学生们的职责。
考查冠词。the表示特指;a不定冠词,泛指一个,用于辅音音素开头单词前;an不定冠词,泛指一个,用于元音音素开头单词前;/零冠词。第一空特指花木之乡的美誉,所以是the;第二空泛指一个著名的地方,且well-known是辅音音素开头,所以是a。故选D。
27.Recently, ________ aunt has become popular in Chengdu for learning English herself and selling fruit to foreigners.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:最近,一位阿姨因为自己学英语和向外国人卖水果而在成都走红。
考查冠词。a一个,用以辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,用以元音音素开头的单词;the表特指。此空表泛指,aunt是以元音音素开头的单词,因此用不定冠词an。故选B。
28.This doctor believes that the value of his work is to help _______ sick.
A.the B./ C.an D.a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这位医生相信他工作的价值在于帮助病人。
考查冠词。the表特指;an一个,用以元音音素开头的单词;a一个,用以辅音音素开头的单词。the+形容词用来表示“这个群体的人/物”,故选A。
29.“To do a good job, you’d better focus on one task at ________ time,” said the teacher.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“要把工作做好,你最好一次只做一件事,”老师说。
考查冠词用法。根据“you’d better focus on one task at … time”可知,此处是指一次做一件事,应用不定冠词表示泛指,且time是以辅音音素开头的单词,用a。故选A。
30.What ________ exciting experience it is! I can work as a teacher in the children’s home.
A.a B.an C.the D.\
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是多么令人兴奋的经历啊!我可以在儿童之家当老师。
考查感叹句和冠词。a一(表泛指,用于辅音音素前);an一(表泛指,用于元音音素前);the这/那(表特指)。根据“What...exciting experience it is!”可知,句子为感叹句,此处指“一次令人兴奋的经历”,exciting以元音音素发音开头,故该感叹句的句式为“what+an+形容词+名词单数”。故选B。
31.Father’s love seems like ________ mountain. He always hides love deep at ________ bottom of his heart.
A.the; a B./; the C.a; the D.a; /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:父爱如山。他总是把爱深藏在心底。
考查冠词。the定冠词;a不定冠词,用于辅音音素前。根据“mountain”可知,此空需要一个不定冠词表示泛指,“mountain”是以辅音音素开头,因此第一空a符合句意;再者根据固定搭配“at the bottom of...”可知,定冠词the符合句意。故选C。
32.China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; a D.a; /
【答案】D
【详解】句意:中国熊猫丫丫在抵达中国后,在上海待了30天,然后于5月被送往北京动物园。
考查冠词。“...30-day stay”泛指“一段30天的停留”,30-day以辅音音素开头,此空应用不定冠词a;May是月份,它的前面不用冠词。故选D。
33.—Hi, Lily, have you ever heard of Zibo, ________ city in ________ center of Shandong province, which is known for its barbecue these days?
—Sure. I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
A.a, a B.a, the C.the, the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——嗨,莉莉,你听说过淄博吗?淄博是山东省中部的一个城市,最近以烧烤闻名。——当然。我想去参观一下,尝尝那里的特色食物。
考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个城市,“city”首字母发辅音音素,用a;in the center of“在……中部”,固定短语。故选B。
34.Jenny had ________ interview for a job, so she didn’t go to ________ new shopping mall with her parents.
A.the; a B.a; the C.an; the D.an; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:珍妮有一个工作面试,所以她没有和父母一起去新开的购物中心。
考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示“有一个工作面试”,此处是泛指,interview表示“面试”,是可数名词,元音音素开头,故用an修饰;第二个空表示“去新开的购物中心”,此处表示特指,用定冠词the修饰。故选C。
35.Hilary always tells her daughter that ________ pride comes before ________ fall, which has always been kept in her daughter’s mind.
A.the, the B.the, / C./, a D./, the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:希拉里总是告诉女儿骄兵必败,这句话一直留在女儿的脑海里。
考查冠词。根据“... pride comes before ... fall”可知此处表示“骄兵必败”,pride在此处是不可数名词,其前不用冠词,fall“失败”,可数名词,此处表泛指,以辅音音素开头,其前用a。故选C。
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冠词专题
目录
考点集锦 1
考点一:冠词的分类与基本概念 1
考点二:不定冠词 a/an 的用法 1
考点三:定冠词 the 的用法 3
考点四:零冠词(不用冠词的情况) 5
考点五:易混短语:有无 the 的含义区别 6
考点六:冠词的综合辨析 7
考点七:中考高频考点总结 8
考点八:固定搭配汇总 8
小试牛刀 9
考点集锦
考点一:冠词的分类与基本概念
1. 定义
冠词是用于名词或 “形容词 + 名词” 前,帮助说明名词含义的虚词,分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不使用冠词)三种。
2. 核心作用
不定冠词(a/an):表示 “泛指” 或 “一个”,用于可数名词单数前。
定冠词(the):表示 “特指”,强调特定的人或物。
零冠词:表示 “泛指” 或在特定语法结构中不使用冠词。
考点二:不定冠词 a/an 的用法
1. 表泛指或数量 “一”(基本用法)
a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前:a book(一本书)、a university(一所大学,音标以 /j/ 开头,辅音音素)。
an 用于元音音素开头的单词前:an hour(一小时,音标以 /aʊ/ 开头)、an apple(一个苹果)。
2. 表类别(一类人或事物)
结构:A/An + 可数名词单数 表示类别。用于举例或泛指类别,相当于 “any”。
A tiger is a carnivorous animal that plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.
老虎是一种食肉动物,在维持生态平衡中起着至关重要的作用。
3. 首次提及或非特指
首次提到某人 / 物时用不定冠词。
I met a girl at the library yesterday. The girl was reading Pride and Prejudice and we soon started a conversation about our favorite books.
昨天我在图书馆遇见了一个女孩。那个女孩正在读《傲慢与偏见》,我们很快就开始聊起了我们最喜欢的书。
4. 表示频率、价格或速度(相当于 “每”)
three times a week(一周三次)、$10 a kilo(10 美元一公斤)。
5. 用于序数词前表 “又一、再一”
I have tried twice, and I want to try a third time.(我已试了两次,想再试一次。)
6. 固定搭配
in a hurry(匆忙)、a number of(许多)、as a result(结果)。
7. 不定冠词与数词 one 的区别
a/an:侧重 “泛指” 或 “类别”,语气较弱。
A young man came to the office and asked for a job. (这里是首次提到 “一个年轻人”,只是泛指他属于 “年轻人” 这个类别,并非强调数量 “一个”,所以用 a。)
one:侧重 “数量一”,语气较强。
One student passed the exam, but the others failed.(这里突出了只有 “一个” 学生通过了考试,强调数量少)
记忆口诀:不见元音不加 an,不看字母看音素,不见辅音不加 a。
2024 年浙江温州中考真题:I have ________ dog. His name is Floppy.
答案:a。解析:表示泛指 “一条狗”,dog 以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词 a。
2024 年贵州铜仁中考真题:— What are you going to be when you grow up? — I'm going to be ________ doctor like Zhong Nanshan.
答案:a。解析:表示泛指 “一名医生”,doctor 以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词 a。
2024 年贵州黔东南州中考真题:— Have you ever worked as ________ volunteer during the COVID - 19 pandemic (新冠疫情)? — Yes. It was ________ unforgettable experience for me.
答案:a;an。解析:第一空表示泛指 “一名志愿者”,volunteer 以辅音音素开头,用 a;第二空表示泛指 “一次难忘的经历”,unforgettable 以元音音素开头,用 an。
2024 年重庆 B 卷中考真题:What ________ nice day! Let's go for a picnic.
答案:a。解析:“What a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数!” 是感叹句结构,nice 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年四川甘孜州中考真题:She is ________ famous singer in China and has many fans.
答案:a。解析:表示泛指 “一名著名的歌手”,famous 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年四川广元中考真题:As we know, schools and families play ________ important role in teaching students about the value of working hard.
答案:an。解析:play an important role in... 是固定短语,意为 “在…… 中起重要作用”,important 以元音音素开头,用 an。
考点三:定冠词 the 的用法
1. 表特指(特定的人或物)
相当于 “这 / 那 / 这些 / 那些”,指上文提到过的事物或双方已知的事物。
上文提及:I met a girl at the library yesterday. The girl was reading Pride and Prejudice and we soon started a conversation about our favorite books. (昨天我在图书馆遇见了一个女孩。那个女孩正在读《傲慢与偏见》,我们很快就开始聊起了我们最喜欢的书。)
双方已知:Close the door, please.(请关门,双方都知道指哪扇门。)
2. 用于独一无二的事物前
the sun(太阳)、the earth(地球)、the moon(月亮)。
3. 用于西洋乐器、形容词最高级和序数词前
play the piano(弹钢琴)、the first lesson(第一课)、the most beautiful girl(最美的女孩)。
4. 表示某一类人或事物
用在形容词前,指一类人:the old(老人)、the poor(穷人)。
5. 用于姓氏复数前表 “一家人” 或 “夫妇”,谓语动词用复数
the Greens(格林一家)、the Smiths(史密斯夫妇)。
6. 用于江河湖海、山脉等专有名词前
the Yellow River(黄河)、the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)。
7. 固定搭配
① in the end(最后)、the same as(与…… 相同)、by the way(顺便说)。
② 击打 / 触摸身体某部位时,用 the 而非物主代词。
hit sb. in the face(打某人的脸,柔软部位用 in)。
catch sb. by the arm(抓住某人的胳膊,硬部位用 by)。
pat sb. on the shoulder(拍某人的肩膀,平面部位用 on)。
③ the 用于 “比较级 + of the two” 结构
表示 “两者中较…… 的一个”,必须加 the。
He is the taller of the two brothers.(他是两兄弟中较高的那个)。
记忆口诀:特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及,世上独一无二,方位名词乐器,形容词最高级,姓氏复数序数。
2024 年贵州黔西南州中考真题:Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history.
答案:the; a。解析:第一空特指 “中国的首都”,用 the;第二空表示泛指 “一个有悠久历史的城市”,city 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年山东滨州中考真题:— Have you ever seen ________ film Ne Zha? — Yes, I have. It tells us ________ different story of Ne Zha.
答案:the; a。解析:第一空特指《哪吒》这部电影,用 the;第二空表示泛指 “一个不同的故事”,different 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
2024 年四川自贡中考真题:— Look, who's ________ woman in red? — She's my new English teacher with ________ eight - year - old daughter.
答案:the; an。解析:第一空特指 “穿红色衣服的女人”,用 the;第二空表示泛指 “一个八岁的女儿”,eight - year - old 以元音音素开头,用 an。
2024 年湖北黄石中考真题:Bill bought ________ useful book. ________ book is very interesting.
答案:A。解析:第一空表示泛指 “一本有用的书”,useful 以辅音音素开头,用 a;第二空特指比尔买的这本书,用 the。
考点四:零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
1. 名词前有限定词
名词前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时,不用冠词。
his book(他的书)、this pen(这支笔)、Tom’s car(汤姆的车)。
2. 表示学科、三餐、球类 / 棋类运动
have lunch(吃午饭)、play basketball(打篮球)、learn English(学英语)。
3. 时间名词(星期、月份、季节、节日)
in May(在五月)、on Sunday(在周日)、at Christmas(在圣诞节)。
季节名词前有无 the 的区别
泛指季节:用零冠词。
Spring is my favorite season.(春天是我最喜欢的季节)。
特指某一年的季节:用 the。
The summer of 2023 was extremely hot.(2023 年的夏天酷热难耐)。
4. 专有名词(人名、地名、国家名等)
Mr. Li(李先生)、China(中国)、New York(纽约)。
5. 交通方式(与 by 连用)
by bus(乘公交)、by bike(骑自行车)、by air(乘飞机)。
6. 抽象名词或物质名词表泛指
Knowledge can be acquired through reading and experience.
(“知识” 是泛指抽象概念,非特指某类知识。)
She gained confidence after winning the competition.
(“自信” 是泛指个人品质,非具体某一次的自信。)
7. 固定搭配
at first(首先)、on foot(步行)、face to face(面对面)。
记忆口诀:代词限定名词前,学科球类三餐前,星期月份季节前,交通方式节日前。
考点五:易混短语:有无 the 的含义区别
无 the
有 the
例句对比
at table
at the table
When I got home, my family was already at table.
(我到家时,家人已经在吃饭了。)
She sat at the table and began to write a letter.
(她坐在桌子旁,开始写信。)
by sea
by the sea
Goods are often transported by sea because it’s cheaper.
(货物常通过海路运输,因为成本更低。)
They bought a house by the sea and spent their holidays there.(他们在海边买了房子,在那里度假。)
go to school
go to the school
She can’t go to school today because she’s ill.
(她今天不能去上学,因为生病了。)
The parent went to the school to talk to the teacher.
(家长去学校和老师谈话。)
in class
in the class
It’s impolite to sleep in class while the teacher is speaking. (老师讲课时在课堂上睡觉是不礼貌的。)
He is the tallest in the class.(他是班上最高的。)
in hospital
in the hospital
Her grandfather is seriously ill and now he is in hospital.(她祖父病得很重,现在住院了。)
I went to visit my friend in the hospital yesterday.
(我昨天去医院看望了我的朋友。)
in front of:
在外部的前面
in the front of
在内部的前面
There is a tree in front of the house.(房子前面有棵树)。
The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.(老师站在教室前面)。
记忆口诀:无 the 表动作,有 the 表位置
考点六:冠词的综合辨析
1. 不定冠词 a/an 的判断核心:音标而非字母
易错点:以元音字母开头但发辅音的单词(如university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/)用 a;以辅音字母开头但发元音的单词(如hour /ˈaʊər/)用 an。
音素判断的 3 大误区:
① 以 u 开头的单词:
发 /juː/(辅音音素)用 a:a university(一所大学)、a useful book(一本有用的书)。
发 /ʌ/(元音音素)用 an:an umbrella(一把伞)、an uncle(一位叔叔)。
② 以 h 开头的单词:
h 不发音时用 an:an hour(一小时)、an honor(一项荣誉)。
h 发音时用 a:a horse(一匹马)、a hotel(一家酒店)。
③ 缩写词首字母发音:
an NBA player(NBA 发音以 /e/ 开头)、a UFO(UFO 发音以 /j/ 开头)。
2. 定冠词 the 的特指场景
陷阱:当名词后有定语修饰时,需用 the 表特指。
I like the book on the desk.(我喜欢桌上的那本书,特指 “桌上的”)。
3. 零冠词与不定冠词的辨析
表 “泛指一类” 时,可数名词单数用 a/an,复数用零冠词。
A cat is a pet.(单数,用 a)
Cats are pets.(复数,用零冠词)。
2024 年新疆中考真题:— The photo makes me think of ________ trip to Hangzhou last year. — Yeah, we had ________ great time there.
答案:the;a。解析:第一空特指去年去杭州的旅行,用定冠词 the;第二空 have a great time 是固定短语,意为 “玩得愉快”,用不定冠词 a。
考点七:中考高频考点总结
考点类型
常考形式
解题关键
a/an 的选择
元音 / 辅音音素开头的单词
看音标而非字母,如honest用 an
the 的特指用法
上文提及、最高级、乐器等
记住 “独一无二、特指、最高级” 规则
零冠词场景
三餐、球类、交通方式等
熟记固定搭配,如by bike无 the
易混短语
at table vs. at the table
理解有无 the 的语义差异
综合辨析
混合考查多种用法(如 the+a)
结合语境判断泛指 / 特指
考点八:固定搭配汇总
1. 含不定冠词 a/an 的短语
a few 一些、a little 一点、a lot of 许多、have a cold 感冒、take an interest in 对…… 感兴趣、once upon a time从前、all of a sudden突然、as a matter of fact 事实上、have a good time玩得开心
2. 含定冠词 the 的短语
the day after tomorrow后天、the Great Wall长城、in the morning在早上、all the time一直、in the distance在远处、make the bed 铺床、by the way 顺便说、in the middle of在…… 中间
3. 零冠词短语
at home在家、in bed卧床、on duty值日、go to church去做礼拜
4. 易混
take place(发生,零冠词)vs. take the place of(代替,加 the)
in prison(坐牢,零冠词)vs. in the prison(在监狱里,加 the)
2024 年重庆 A 卷中考真题:Look! There are so many stars in ________ sky.
答案:C。解析:in the sky 是固定短语,意为 “在天空中”,用定冠词 the。
小试牛刀
1.Deepseek is __________ new AI technology in 2025. With ________ technology, people can easily get wonderful suggestions by sharing their worries with it.
A.an; a B.a; an C.a; the D./; the
2.Granny gave the kitten ________ comfortable bath and brushed its fur until it was soft.
A./ B.the C.a D.an
3.Chinese tea culture started about 4,000 years ago. Nowadays drinking tea has become ________ daily habit in China.
A.a B.an C.the
4.In our school library, readers can have some coffee in ________ area next to the door.
A.a B.an C.the
5.There was ________ emperor in ancient times. ________ emperor was very kind to his people.
A.a; The B.an; The C.the; An D.an; An
6.—Quan Hongchan, ________ diving star of China, is popular with Chinese people.
—I’m her big fan. Her performances never disappoint me.
A./ B.a C.an
7.At ________ age of six, Jack read ________ article about music. From then on, he fell in love
with music.
A.the; an B.an; a C.the; a D.an; an
8.Many apps today are designed to assist ________ blind with daily tasks.
A.a B.an C.the D./
9.The richest man in town had ______ amazing experience on an island according to ______ novel.
A./; the B.a; a C.an; the D.the; a
10.People will have _________ amazing feeling with artificial intelligence (人工智能). They may not use hands to play _________ violin some day.
A.a; the B.a; an C.an; the D.an; an
11._______ medical book Tian Hui Yi Jian by Bian Que and Cang Gong has come out in Chengdu.
A.The B.An C.A
12.I spent ________ interesting Spring Festival this year because I had ________ vacation in Hong Kong instead of staying at home watching TV.
A.an; a seven-day B.a; a eleven-day C.a; six days’
13.Ne Zha 2 is ________ popular Chinese cartoon film. It tells the story of a young hero who fights against his destiny (命运).
A.a B.the C./
14.—Yesterday I read an article about Zhong Nanshan who led to ________ success in fighting the virus.
—Yes, I’ve heard about him before. He’s ________ success in the medical field.
A.a; / B.а; а C./; a D./; /
15.Li Ming and Wang Qiang have ________ same goal when they run ________ marathon to challenge their limits (极限).
A.the; 不填 B.a; 不填 C.the; a D.a; a
16.— Ne Zha 2, directed by the famous director Jiao Zi, is popular all over the world.
— Exactly! I can’t wait to watch it ________ time this weekend.
A.second B.a second C.the second D.my second
17.Anna called her parents twice ________ day when she travelled in ________ Western Europe.
A.a; the B.an; the C./; / D.a; /
18.All the visitors are asked to line up quietly and go into the exhibition hall one at_______ time.
A.the B./ C.a D.an
19.________ 84-year-old man was attacked while walking in San Francisco. More than ________ of the population in this city is Asian.
A.A; one-third B.An; one-third C./; one-third D.An; two-third
20.To achieve ________ great success, there must be ________ balance between the challenge of the task and your skill level.
A.a; / B./;a C./; / D.a;a
21.— What _______ amazing news it is that several new subway lines will be put into use this year.
— Surely it is _______ unusual event for the city’s public transport.
A.the; a B.a; an C./; an
22.________ beautiful screen the phone has! It has changed our opinion on mobile phones.
A.What B.How C.What a D.What an
23.Boys and girls, teachers often give ________ important advice to you. If you can follow what they say and make ________ effort to study, success is around the corner.
A.an; an B./; an C.an; /
24.The giraffe’s neck is two meters long—more than half ________ length of its body.
A.the B.a C.an D./
25.—Though Millie has failed, let’s give her ________ second chance to show her skills.
—I agree. We hope she won’t miss ________ chance and achieve success.
A.an, a B.the, 不填 C.a, the D.the, the
26.—Having ________ good fame Hometown of Flowers and Trees, Shuyang has become _________ well-known place all over China for its excellent flowers and trees now.
—I’m proud of my hometown and it’s our young students’ duty to make it better.
A.a; an B.a:/ C.an; the D.the; a
27.Recently, ________ aunt has become popular in Chengdu for learning English herself and selling fruit to foreigners.
A.a B.an C.the
28.This doctor believes that the value of his work is to help _______ sick.
A.the B./ C.an D.a
29.“To do a good job, you’d better focus on one task at ________ time,” said the teacher.
A.a B.an C.the D./
30.What ________ exciting experience it is! I can work as a teacher in the children’s home.
A.a B.an C.the D.\
31.Father’s love seems like ________ mountain. He always hides love deep at ________ bottom of his heart.
A.the; a B./; the C.a; the D.a; /
32.China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; a D.a; /
33.—Hi, Lily, have you ever heard of Zibo, ________ city in ________ center of Shandong province, which is known for its barbecue these days?
—Sure. I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
A.a, a B.a, the C.the, the
34.Jenny had ________ interview for a job, so she didn’t go to ________ new shopping mall with her parents.
A.the; a B.a; the C.an; the D.an; a
35.Hilary always tells her daughter that ________ pride comes before ________ fall, which has always been kept in her daughter’s mind.
A.the, the B.the, / C./, a D./, the
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