易错点 04 动词时态和语态-2025年高考英语语法易错点综合精讲精练（新高考通用）

2025届高考语法易错点04 动词时态和语态 目 录 一、动词时态核心语法功能深度解析 1.时态的本质与时间轴关系 2.时态在句子中的核心表意功能 二、动词时态分类与考点全解 1.几种基本时态时间状语 2.高频考点透析 易错陷阱1：完成时vs一般时的时间参照差异 易错陷阱2：进行时表将来的特殊用法 三、动词时态转换全攻略 1.直接时态转换（陈述句→疑问句） 2.间接引语时态倒退规则 3.时态呼应三原则 四、高考真题解题四步法 步骤一：定位时间标志词 步骤二：分析动作完成状态 步骤三：确认主谓人称关系 步骤四：排除干扰选项 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、动词时态核心语法功能深度解析 1.时态的本质与时间轴关系 (1)时态的本质 时态(Tense)是动词的一种形式变化，用于表示动作或状态发生的时间(过去、现在、将来)以及动作的进行状态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 英语共有16种时态，核心由时间(Time)和体态(Aspect)共同构成： 时间(Time)：过去(Past)、现在(Present)、将来(Future)、过去将来(Past Future) 体态(Aspect)：一般(Simple)、进行(Continuous)、完成(Perfect)、完成进行(Perfect Continuous) (2)时间轴关系 时态的核心在于动作在时间轴上的位置和状态，可以用时间轴直观表示： <———|———|———|———|———|———|———> 过去 现在 将来 一般现在时(Simple Present)：表示习惯、真理、客观事实，如： The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。) 一般过去时(Simple Past)：表示过去发生的动作，如： She went to Beijing last year.(她去年去了北京。) 一般将来时(Simple Future)：表示将来发生的动作，如： They will visit us tomorrow.(他们明天会来拜访我们。) (3)体态(Aspect)的作用 进行时(Continuous)：强调动作正在进行，如： He is reading a book now.(他正在读书。) 完成时(Perfect)：强调动作已完成或对现在有影响，如： I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。) 完成进行时(Perfect Continuous)：强调动作持续一段时间并可能仍在继续，如： She has been working here for 5 years.(她已经在这里工作了5年。) (4)时态的核心逻辑 时间(When?)：动作发生在过去、现在还是将来？ 状态(How?)：动作是一般发生、正在进行、已经完成，还是持续进行并可能继续？ 示例对比： 时态 时间轴位置 状态 例 句 一般现在时 现在(习惯) 一般 I eat breakfast at 7 AM. 现在进行时 现在 进行 I am eating breakfast now. 现在完成时 现在(已完成) 完成 I have eaten breakfast. 一般过去时 过去 一般 I ate breakfast at 7 AM. 过去完成时 过去(已完成) 完成 I had eaten breakfast before 8 AM. 2.时态在句子中的核心表意功能 时态不仅是语法形式，更是语义表达的核心手段。在高考中，时态题目往往结合长难句、语境逻辑和动词搭配进行考查。 (1) 一般时态（Simple Tenses）——陈述事实与规律 ① 一般现在时（Simple Present）：  科学真理；长期规律 The fact that water expands when it freezes explains why ice floats on water. (水结冰时膨胀的事实解释了为什么冰会浮在水面上。)   文学性描述(增强画面感) In his novel, the protagonist struggles with moral dilemmas while society judges him harshly. (在他的小说中，主人公在道德困境中挣扎，而社会却对他严加评判。) ② 一般过去时（Simple Past） 历史事件叙述（高考完形常见） During the Industrial Revolution, many workers migrated to cities where factories offered jobs, but living conditions were often deplorable. (工业革命期间，许多工人迁移到城市，工厂提供了工作，但生活条件往往极其恶劣。) 虚拟语气铺垫（隐含遗憾） If only he took my advice, he wouldn’t be in such trouble now.（要是他当初听了我的建议，现在就不会陷入这样的困境了。） ③ 一般将来时（Simple Future） 科学预测（高考科技文常见） According to climate models, rising CO₂ levels will intensify global warming, which will lead to more extreme weather events. (根据气候模型，上升的二氧化碳浓度将加剧全球变暖，从而导致更极端的天气事件。) 正式公告（书面语体） The committee will announce the results next Friday, and all applicants will receive individual notifications via email. (委员会将于下周五公布结果，所有申请人将通过电子邮件收到单独通知。) (2) 进行时态（Continuous Tenses）——动态过程与临时性 ① 现在进行时（Present Continuous） 趋势描述（高考图表作文适用） The data shows that an increasing number of young people are opting for freelance careers rather than traditional office jobs. (数据显示，越来越多的年轻人选择自由职业而非传统办公室工作。) 情感色彩（含抱怨意味） He is constantly interrupting me when I am trying to focus!（他总是在我试图集中注意力时打断我！） ② 过去进行时（Past Continuous） 刑事案件描述（高考阅读题材） The witness stated that the suspect was wearing a black hoodie and was standing near the victim’s car at the time of the incident. (证人称，事发时嫌疑人穿着黑色连帽衫，站在受害者的车附近。) 多动作交织（复杂时间关系） While I was preparing dinner, the phone rang, and at the same time, someone knocked on the door. (我正在准备晚餐时，电话响了，同时有人敲门。) (3) 完成时态（Perfect Tenses）——影响与逻辑关联 ① 现在完成时（Present Perfect） 科研成果总结（高考读后续写素材） Recent studies have demonstrated that sleep deprivation has impaired cognitive functions, but the long-term effects remain uncertain. (近期研究表明，睡眠不足会损害认知功能，但长期影响尚不确定。) 人生经历（高级词汇搭配） Having traveled to over 30 countries, she has developed a profound understanding of cultural diversity. (到访过30多个国家后，她对文化多样性有了深刻理解。) ② 过去完成时（Past Perfect） 法律条文分析（高考长难句） The defendant claimed that he had not been informed of his rights before the interrogation, which rendered the confession inadmissible. (被告声称他在审讯前未被告知权利，这使得供词无效。) (4) 高考命题角度总结 考查重点 典型例句 命题意图 时态与语态结合 The ancient manuscript had been preserved for centuries before it was discovered. (这份古老的手稿在被发现前已保存了几个世纪。) 检验过去完成时被动语态的运用 时态与从句嵌套 She realized that the theory she had been studying for years was fundamentally flawed. (她意识到自己研究了多年的理论存在根本缺陷。) 分析主从句时态呼应 时态与副词搭配 By the time he graduated, he had already published three research papers. (到他毕业时，他已经发表了三篇研究论文。) 考查过去完成时与时间状语的匹配 复习建议： 1.长难句拆解：遇到复杂时态时，先划分主从句，再分别判断时态。 2.语境推理：注意时间状语（by the time, before, since）和逻辑连接词（when, while, because）。 3.错误高频点：完成时易漏掉助动词（have/has/had），进行时易漏掉be动词。 二、动词时态分类与考点全解 1.几种基本时态的时间状语 (1)一般现在时：常用的时间状语 every day/week/month；usually/often/sometimes；in the morning/afternoon；on weekends Our physics teacher usually gives us a pop quiz on Friday mornings. The school library remains open until 9 pm on weekdays. (2)一般过去时：常用的时间状语 yesterday/last night；two days ago；in 2019；when I was in junior high The research team published their findings in Nature last month. When I was preparing for the mid-term exams, I discovered this effective study method. (3)现在完成时：常用的时间状语since last year；for three months；so far；up to now Our school has implemented this new teaching method since last semester. The research team has collected enough data for their experiment after three months of hard work. (4)过去完成时：常用的时间状语 by the end of last term；before the exam；until then；when the teacher came in By the time the final exam came, we had already reviewed all the key points. The students had finished their group discussion when the teacher entered the classroom. (5)将来时态：常用的时间状语 tomorrow afternoon；next Monday；in two weeks；by this time next year The school will hold an academic competition next month. By the time you graduate, you will have mastered all these grammar rules. (6)进行时态：常用的时间状语 right now；at this moment；at 8 yesterday evening；this time next week The students are taking their mock exam in the classroom right now. This time tomorrow, I’ll be attending an important lecture by Professor Wang. (7)完成进行时：常用的时间状语 all morning；for two hours；since 8 o’clock；how long The debate team has been preparing for the competition all week. How long have you been studying for the college entrance examination? 2.高频考点透析 易错陷阱1：完成时vs一般时的时间参照差异 文献综述时态规范： 一般过去时（特定研究行为）： The research team isolated the compound in 2021 (Nature, 2021). 现在完成时（研究领域现状）： Subsequent studies have confirmed these findings across multiple populations." 实验报告时态逻辑： ❌ 错误表述：We observe the reaction for 24 hours last week. ✅ 专业表述：We observed the reaction for 24 hours last week, and the results have been consistently reproducible since then. 【高考模拟题精析】 By the time the research paper ______ (publish), the team ______ (collect) data from over 10,000 subjects. 【答案】was published；had collected 【解析】根据句子结构和句意来看，从句动作发生在过去，且在主句动作之后发生，从句引导词是By the time，常和完成时连用，因此这里用过去完成时。 易错陷阱2：进行时表将来的特殊用法（科技文阅读高频考点） 三大高阶应用场景： 科研进程报道（BBC Science模式）： The research team is submitting the final report to PNAS next month. (隐含：论文已完成且投稿流程已启动) 技术发展趋势（图表作文必备）： Renewable energy capacity is expanding at an unprecedented rate globally. (动态趋势描写，比will expand更具专业感) 学术日程安排（国际会议常见）： Dr. Chen is presenting her findings at the APS conference this Friday. (正式日程的固定表达) 【高考模拟题陷阱突破】 The climate model predicts that sea levels ______ (rise) by 30 cm by 2050 if current trends ______ (continue). ✅ 最佳答案：will have risen；continue ❌ 典型错误：are rising（混淆进行时表将来的适用条件） 【学术写作范例】 While previous studies have focused on short-term effects, our team has been investigating the longitudinal impacts. These findings are reshaping the existing theoretical framework and will be published in the forthcoming issue of Science. 三、动词时态转换全攻略 1. 直接时态转换（陈述句→疑问句）：学术写作高频转换 陈述句（文献体） 疑问句（讨论部分） 转换要点 This mechanism explains the phenomenon. Does this mechanism adequately explain the phenomenon? 助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语前 The results have demonstrated consistency. Have the results demonstrated sufficient consistency? 完成时疑问has/have提前 2. 间接引语时态倒退规则 ①科研报告规范转换 直接引语 间接引语 倒退规则 “We are analyzing the samples.” (现在进行) He said they were analyzing the samples. 现在→过去 “The experiment has yielded results.” (现在完成) She confirmed the experiment had yielded results. 现在完成→过去完成 “The theory will be revised.” (一般将来) They stated the theory would be revised. will→would ②【特殊情形处理】 ▶ 永恒真理不倒退： 原句：“Water boils at 100°C.” 转述：The professor emphasized that water boils at 100°C. ▶ 历史事件不倒退： 原句：“The war ended in 1945.” 转述：The historian noted the war ended in 1945. 3. 时态呼应三原则 原则一：时间状语锚定法(科技文献典型应用) 时间状语明确时（e.g. in 2020）→ 强制锁定一般过去时 Since+时间点 → 主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时 例句：Since the device was invented (过去时), it has revolutionized (完成时) diagnostic procedures. 原则二：主从句时态联动(复合句黄金规则) 主句时态为现在时，从句时态则根据需要自由选择。主句时态为过去时，从句时态则使用过去相关时态。 原则三：语意优先特例 【四大特殊情形】 1. 虚拟语气保留原时态：If I were...（无论主句时态） 2. 历史现在时（学术演讲常见）：“Figure 3 shows...”（描述图表时） 3. 格言警句引用：As Shakespeare says,...（不随主句倒退） 4. 立即性转述（新闻报道）：The president announces the policy will take effect...（保留原时态） 四、高考真题解题四步法（精准破解时态题） 适用题型： 语法填空、完形填空、短文改错、阅读理解细节题 步骤一：定位时间标志词 显性时间状语（直接提示时态）： 过去时：yesterday, last week, in 2010, during the experiment 完成时：since, for, so far, over the past decade 将来时：next month, in the future, by 2030 隐性时间逻辑（需结合上下文推断）： 先后顺序：before/after, by the time, until 持续状态：all morning, throughout the process 高考模拟题示例： By the time the rescue team ______ (arrive), the flood ______ (already destroy) the village. 【解题】时间标志词：By the time（过去完成时触发词） 答案：arrived；had already destroyed 步骤二：分析动作完成状态 关键问题：动作是否已完成？ → 完成时（have/had done） 动作是否持续进行？ → 进行时（be doing） 动作是否对现在有影响？ → 现在完成时 学术语境应用： 研究过程（过去时）：The scientists conducted the experiment in 2022. 研究结论（现在完成时）：The results have revealed a new mechanism. 高考模拟题陷阱： The data ______ (show) significant changes since the new method ______ (introduce). ✅ 答案：has shown（持续影响）；was introduced（具体过去时间） ❌ 典型错误：showed（忽略since的完成时要求） 步骤三：确认主谓人称关系 必查要点： 第三人称单数：一般现在时动词加-s（易忽略点！） 例句：The theory suggests (非suggest) that... 助动词一致性：完成时：have/has/had + 过去分词 被动语态：be动词 + 过去分词 高考易错点： Not only the students but also the professor ______ (be) surprised by the results. ✅ 答案：was（就近原则） 步骤四：排除干扰选项 常见干扰类型： 时间状语误导：题干出现“now”，但语境实际需要过去时（描述过去某一刻） 语态混淆：主动语态误用为被动（尤其考查不及物动词） 例句：The accident happened (非was happened) yesterday. 非常规用法：进行时表将来（固定安排） 例句：The conference is being held (非will be held) next Monday. 高考模拟题实战： The manuscript ______ (deliver) to the publisher last week, and it ______ (print) soon. ✅ 答案：was delivered（过去被动）；will be printed（将来被动） ❌ 干扰项：is delivered（忽略last week）；is being printed（错误使用进行时） 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024•全国新课标I卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ (the) first time. 2. (2024•全国甲卷) They _______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 3. (2024年1月浙江高考) Over the last two years, some supermarkets _______ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs __ (designed) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 4. (2023•全国Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I _______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 5. (2023•全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 6. (2022•全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas ... 7. (2022•全国 II卷) Henry _______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 8. (2022•全国 II卷) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 9. (2022•全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao _______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.  10. (2022•全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _______ (address) the opening ceremony. 11. (2021•全国I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _______ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 12. (2021•全国II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 13. (2021•全国甲卷) We _______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 14. (2020•新高考全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _______ (be) on display. 15. (2020•全国I卷) Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _______ (construct)”. （2） 模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Nature (be) a source of inspiration for artists from past to present ever since. 2.（24-25高三下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）By December 20, 2024, the city airport’s annual passenger throughout __________ (go) beyond 28 million. 3.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）In 1655, this mountain (rename) Jingshan and underwent significant ___ (expansion) during the Qianlong era, with all buildings constructed according to royal palace standards, making it an important part of the Forbidden City. 4.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Since its inclusion in the World Heritage List in 2007, Wulong __________ (experience) a jump in popularity with its stunning natural scenery and hiking highlights. 5.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）By February 3rd, its box office earnings (accumulate) to over 4 billion yuan, setting a new milestone. 6.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）The victory of athletes from China, along with (those) from Hong Kong and China’s Taiwan region, and other Asian nations, (reflect) a newfound confidence and capability across the continent. 7.（24-25高三上·广东·期末）Thousands of Cantonese (immigrate) to Peru in the mid-nineteenth century, introducing the wok, soy sauce and the concept of stir-frying. 8.（2025·安徽·一模）Millions of foreigners, like Baobaoxiong, are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs __________ (go) viral online recently. 9.（24-25高三下·海南海口·阶段练习）It (develop) by a group of talented Chinese researchers with the aim of (advancing) artificial intelligence technology. 10.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）By Wednesday morning, her lacquerware video (accumulate) 120 million views on Sina Weibo and more than 4 million views on YouTube. 11.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Moreover, the tea ceremony (become) popular in many parts of the world, as people are (increasingly) interested in Chinese culture and alternative ways of living. 12.（24-25高三下·浙江绍兴·阶段练习）In ancient times, it was difficult for people in different places to communicate with each other and many regions (develop) their own spoken languages. 13.（2025·重庆·一模）The Chinese language classes, (taught) by instructors from the Confucius Institute at the University of Malta, range from beginner to intermediate levels and (tailor) to different age groups and skill levels. 14.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Basically, the celebration of Winter Solstice nowadays (reflect) in different eating customs in different parts of China. 15.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）According to Huang, the linguistic creativity on short-video platforms __________ (reach) unprecedented levels, particularly among younger generations. 16.（2024·湖北·一模）Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Henan and Gansu provinces. 17.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）The history of the teas on offer (date) back more than 1,000 years, and the crafting techniques of Enshi Yulu and Qingzhuan Tea have become national intangible cultural heritages. 18.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Higher intensity physical activity (find) to be associated with lower risk of an early death from all causes, but the difference is most (noticeable) when it comes to cardiovascular disease. 19.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In summary, China’s museum boom (characterize) by a surge in visitors, widespread use of new technology and media, deepening social functions, and the ongoing development of strategies (to address) emerging challenges. 20.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）Bao realized the true meaning of this idiom when his works were exhibited abroad and the Chinese government and people (applaud) for their conservation efforts. 21.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）Zhao’s (fascination) with the pipa began at the age of four when she __________ (attract) by its elegance and the skills of the player. 22.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She (convince) that the caves’ social importance far outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their (survival). 23.（24-25高三上·福建·期末）Since then, the dish (hand) down from generation to generation. 24.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）Her fantasy story (set) around a modern-day female office worker who struggles against fate after (being dragged) into a world where monsters and kung fu coexist. 25.（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）His story, which (view) more than 19 million times up till now, has gone viral (在网上快速传播的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and he wins admiration from its users ___ (for) his courage, determination and hard work. 26.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The production techniques (upgrade) and the patterns became more various, most of (which) stood for good luck such as the fish, dragon and monkey. 27.（24-25高三下·山东临沂·阶段练习）“My schedule (pack) with classes each day. The number of instructors here has grown by about a third this year to meet the fast-rising demand, (and) hiring is still going on,” he told China Economic Net (CEN) reporter. 28.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）Why is it always the third son who (behave) differently from his two older brothers, thus (winning) the princess? 29.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Cao Shumin, director of the National Radio and Television Administration, attended the forum and (deliver) a speech noting that 2024 celebrates the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and France. 30.（2025·江西景德镇·一模）In fact, nutrition research over the last 20 years (reveal) the increasing importance of including fish and seafood in an overall healthy diet. 31.（24-25高三下·山东泰安·阶段练习）The rise of DeepSeek (underline) China’s growing innovation in cutting-edge technology. 32.（2025·山东·模拟预测）In fact, this company (throw) itself into robotics research in 2016. 33.（24-25高三下·山东聊城·阶段练习）Commercial art (use) in marketing to help sell products or to promote companies or causes. 34.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Originally, fireworks and red decorations in front of homes   (mean) to scare away a mythical beast called “nian”. 35.（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）On December 4th,2024, a truly thrilling milestone (reach) as China’s Spring Festival was inscribed (收录) on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, marking a (notable) achievement. （三）语篇填空(动词时态、语态专练) AI Transforms Modern Education Artificial intelligence  1 (reshape) global education systems that  2 (rely) entirely on human instructors just a decade ago. Today, intelligent tutoring platforms analyze student performance data and  3 (deliver) customized lesson plans in real time. In the past, educators  4 (spend) countless hours grading assignments. Modern AI systems  5 (complete) this work instantly while providing detailed feedback. Some traditional teaching methods  6 (disappear), but new hybrid approaches  7 (emerge) that combine AI efficiency with human expertise. Educational institutions  8 (implement) more AI solutions in coming years. However, the emotional connection between teachers and students  9 (remain) uniquely human. Students  10 (need) to develop both technical skills and social-emotional intelligence to thrive in this evolving landscape. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高考语法易错点04 动词时态和语态 目 录 一、动词时态核心语法功能深度解析 1.时态的本质与时间轴关系 2.时态在句子中的核心表意功能 二、动词时态分类与考点全解 1.几种基本时态时间状语 2.高频考点透析 易错陷阱1：完成时vs一般时的时间参照差异 易错陷阱2：进行时表将来的特殊用法 三、动词时态转换全攻略 1.直接时态转换（陈述句→疑问句） 2.间接引语时态倒退规则 3.时态呼应三原则 四、高考真题解题四步法 步骤一：定位时间标志词 步骤二：分析动作完成状态 步骤三：确认主谓人称关系 步骤四：排除干扰选项 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、动词时态核心语法功能深度解析 1.时态的本质与时间轴关系 (1)时态的本质 时态(Tense)是动词的一种形式变化，用于表示动作或状态发生的时间(过去、现在、将来)以及动作的进行状态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 英语共有16种时态，核心由时间(Time)和体态(Aspect)共同构成： 时间(Time)：过去(Past)、现在(Present)、将来(Future)、过去将来(Past Future) 体态(Aspect)：一般(Simple)、进行(Continuous)、完成(Perfect)、完成进行(Perfect Continuous) (2)时间轴关系 时态的核心在于动作在时间轴上的位置和状态，可以用时间轴直观表示： <———|———|———|———|———|———|———> 过去 现在 将来 一般现在时(Simple Present)：表示习惯、真理、客观事实，如： The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。) 一般过去时(Simple Past)：表示过去发生的动作，如： She went to Beijing last year.(她去年去了北京。) 一般将来时(Simple Future)：表示将来发生的动作，如： They will visit us tomorrow.(他们明天会来拜访我们。) (3)体态(Aspect)的作用 进行时(Continuous)：强调动作正在进行，如： He is reading a book now.(他正在读书。) 完成时(Perfect)：强调动作已完成或对现在有影响，如： I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。) 完成进行时(Perfect Continuous)：强调动作持续一段时间并可能仍在继续，如： She has been working here for 5 years.(她已经在这里工作了5年。) (4)时态的核心逻辑 时间(When?)：动作发生在过去、现在还是将来？ 状态(How?)：动作是一般发生、正在进行、已经完成，还是持续进行并可能继续？ 示例对比： 时态 时间轴位置 状态 例 句 一般现在时 现在(习惯) 一般 I eat breakfast at 7 AM. 现在进行时 现在 进行 I am eating breakfast now. 现在完成时 现在(已完成) 完成 I have eaten breakfast. 一般过去时 过去 一般 I ate breakfast at 7 AM. 过去完成时 过去(已完成) 完成 I had eaten breakfast before 8 AM. 2.时态在句子中的核心表意功能 时态不仅是语法形式，更是语义表达的核心手段。在高考中，时态题目往往结合长难句、语境逻辑和动词搭配进行考查。 (1) 一般时态（Simple Tenses）——陈述事实与规律 ① 一般现在时（Simple Present）：  科学真理；长期规律 The fact that water expands when it freezes explains why ice floats on water. (水结冰时膨胀的事实解释了为什么冰会浮在水面上。)   文学性描述(增强画面感) In his novel, the protagonist struggles with moral dilemmas while society judges him harshly. (在他的小说中，主人公在道德困境中挣扎，而社会却对他严加评判。) ② 一般过去时（Simple Past） 历史事件叙述（高考完形常见） During the Industrial Revolution, many workers migrated to cities where factories offered jobs, but living conditions were often deplorable. (工业革命期间，许多工人迁移到城市，工厂提供了工作，但生活条件往往极其恶劣。) 虚拟语气铺垫（隐含遗憾） If only he took my advice, he wouldn’t be in such trouble now.（要是他当初听了我的建议，现在就不会陷入这样的困境了。） ③ 一般将来时（Simple Future） 科学预测（高考科技文常见） According to climate models, rising CO₂ levels will intensify global warming, which will lead to more extreme weather events. (根据气候模型，上升的二氧化碳浓度将加剧全球变暖，从而导致更极端的天气事件。) 正式公告（书面语体） The committee will announce the results next Friday, and all applicants will receive individual notifications via email. (委员会将于下周五公布结果，所有申请人将通过电子邮件收到单独通知。) (2) 进行时态（Continuous Tenses）——动态过程与临时性 ① 现在进行时（Present Continuous） 趋势描述（高考图表作文适用） The data shows that an increasing number of young people are opting for freelance careers rather than traditional office jobs. (数据显示，越来越多的年轻人选择自由职业而非传统办公室工作。) 情感色彩（含抱怨意味） He is constantly interrupting me when I am trying to focus!（他总是在我试图集中注意力时打断我！） ② 过去进行时（Past Continuous） 刑事案件描述（高考阅读题材） The witness stated that the suspect was wearing a black hoodie and was standing near the victim’s car at the time of the incident. (证人称，事发时嫌疑人穿着黑色连帽衫，站在受害者的车附近。) 多动作交织（复杂时间关系） While I was preparing dinner, the phone rang, and at the same time, someone knocked on the door. (我正在准备晚餐时，电话响了，同时有人敲门。) (3) 完成时态（Perfect Tenses）——影响与逻辑关联 ① 现在完成时（Present Perfect） 科研成果总结（高考读后续写素材） Recent studies have demonstrated that sleep deprivation has impaired cognitive functions, but the long-term effects remain uncertain. (近期研究表明，睡眠不足会损害认知功能，但长期影响尚不确定。) 人生经历（高级词汇搭配） Having traveled to over 30 countries, she has developed a profound understanding of cultural diversity. (到访过30多个国家后，她对文化多样性有了深刻理解。) ② 过去完成时（Past Perfect） 法律条文分析（高考长难句） The defendant claimed that he had not been informed of his rights before the interrogation, which rendered the confession inadmissible. (被告声称他在审讯前未被告知权利，这使得供词无效。) (4) 高考命题角度总结 考查重点 典型例句 命题意图 时态与语态结合 The ancient manuscript had been preserved for centuries before it was discovered. (这份古老的手稿在被发现前已保存了几个世纪。) 检验过去完成时被动语态的运用 时态与从句嵌套 She realized that the theory she had been studying for years was fundamentally flawed. (她意识到自己研究了多年的理论存在根本缺陷。) 分析主从句时态呼应 时态与副词搭配 By the time he graduated, he had already published three research papers. (到他毕业时，他已经发表了三篇研究论文。) 考查过去完成时与时间状语的匹配 复习建议： 1.长难句拆解：遇到复杂时态时，先划分主从句，再分别判断时态。 2.语境推理：注意时间状语（by the time, before, since）和逻辑连接词（when, while, because）。 3.错误高频点：完成时易漏掉助动词（have/has/had），进行时易漏掉be动词。 二、动词时态分类与考点全解 1.几种基本时态的时间状语 (1)一般现在时：常用的时间状语 every day/week/month；usually/often/sometimes；in the morning/afternoon；on weekends Our physics teacher usually gives us a pop quiz on Friday mornings. The school library remains open until 9 pm on weekdays. (2)一般过去时：常用的时间状语 yesterday/last night；two days ago；in 2019；when I was in junior high The research team published their findings in Nature last month. When I was preparing for the mid-term exams, I discovered this effective study method. (3)现在完成时：常用的时间状语since last year；for three months；so far；up to now Our school has implemented this new teaching method since last semester. The research team has collected enough data for their experiment after three months of hard work. (4)过去完成时：常用的时间状语 by the end of last term；before the exam；until then；when the teacher came in By the time the final exam came, we had already reviewed all the key points. The students had finished their group discussion when the teacher entered the classroom. (5)将来时态：常用的时间状语 tomorrow afternoon；next Monday；in two weeks；by this time next year The school will hold an academic competition next month. By the time you graduate, you will have mastered all these grammar rules. (6)进行时态：常用的时间状语 right now；at this moment；at 8 yesterday evening；this time next week The students are taking their mock exam in the classroom right now. This time tomorrow, I’ll be attending an important lecture by Professor Wang. (7)完成进行时：常用的时间状语 all morning；for two hours；since 8 o’clock；how long The debate team has been preparing for the competition all week. How long have you been studying for the college entrance examination? 2.高频考点透析 易错陷阱1：完成时vs一般时的时间参照差异 文献综述时态规范： 一般过去时（特定研究行为）： The research team isolated the compound in 2021 (Nature, 2021). 现在完成时（研究领域现状）： Subsequent studies have confirmed these findings across multiple populations." 实验报告时态逻辑： ❌ 错误表述：We observe the reaction for 24 hours last week. ✅ 专业表述：We observed the reaction for 24 hours last week, and the results have been consistently reproducible since then. 【高考模拟题精析】 By the time the research paper ______ (publish), the team ______ (collect) data from over 10,000 subjects. 【答案】was published；had collected 【解析】根据句子结构和句意来看，从句动作发生在过去，且在主句动作之后发生，从句引导词是By the time，常和完成时连用，因此这里用过去完成时。 易错陷阱2：进行时表将来的特殊用法（科技文阅读高频考点） 三大高阶应用场景： 科研进程报道（BBC Science模式）： The research team is submitting the final report to PNAS next month. (隐含：论文已完成且投稿流程已启动) 技术发展趋势（图表作文必备）： Renewable energy capacity is expanding at an unprecedented rate globally. (动态趋势描写，比will expand更具专业感) 学术日程安排（国际会议常见）： Dr. Chen is presenting her findings at the APS conference this Friday. (正式日程的固定表达) 【高考模拟题陷阱突破】 The climate model predicts that sea levels ______ (rise) by 30 cm by 2050 if current trends ______ (continue). ✅ 最佳答案：will have risen；continue ❌ 典型错误：are rising（混淆进行时表将来的适用条件） 【学术写作范例】 While previous studies have focused on short-term effects, our team has been investigating the longitudinal impacts. These findings are reshaping the existing theoretical framework and will be published in the forthcoming issue of Science. 三、动词时态转换全攻略 1. 直接时态转换（陈述句→疑问句）：学术写作高频转换 陈述句（文献体） 疑问句（讨论部分） 转换要点 This mechanism explains the phenomenon. Does this mechanism adequately explain the phenomenon? 助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语前 The results have demonstrated consistency. Have the results demonstrated sufficient consistency? 完成时疑问has/have提前 2. 间接引语时态倒退规则 ①科研报告规范转换 直接引语 间接引语 倒退规则 “We are analyzing the samples.” (现在进行) He said they were analyzing the samples. 现在→过去 “The experiment has yielded results.” (现在完成) She confirmed the experiment had yielded results. 现在完成→过去完成 “The theory will be revised.” (一般将来) They stated the theory would be revised. will→would ②【特殊情形处理】 ▶ 永恒真理不倒退： 原句：“Water boils at 100°C.” 转述：The professor emphasized that water boils at 100°C. ▶ 历史事件不倒退： 原句：“The war ended in 1945.” 转述：The historian noted the war ended in 1945. 3. 时态呼应三原则 原则一：时间状语锚定法(科技文献典型应用) 时间状语明确时（e.g. in 2020）→ 强制锁定一般过去时 Since+时间点 → 主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时 例句：Since the device was invented (过去时), it has revolutionized (完成时) diagnostic procedures. 原则二：主从句时态联动(复合句黄金规则) 主句时态为现在时，从句时态则根据需要自由选择。主句时态为过去时，从句时态则使用过去相关时态。 原则三：语意优先特例 【四大特殊情形】 1. 虚拟语气保留原时态：If I were...（无论主句时态） 2. 历史现在时（学术演讲常见）：“Figure 3 shows...”（描述图表时） 3. 格言警句引用：As Shakespeare says,...（不随主句倒退） 4. 立即性转述（新闻报道）：The president announces the policy will take effect...（保留原时态） 四、高考真题解题四步法（精准破解时态题） 适用题型： 语法填空、完形填空、短文改错、阅读理解细节题 步骤一：定位时间标志词 显性时间状语（直接提示时态）： 过去时：yesterday, last week, in 2010, during the experiment 完成时：since, for, so far, over the past decade 将来时：next month, in the future, by 2030 隐性时间逻辑（需结合上下文推断）： 先后顺序：before/after, by the time, until 持续状态：all morning, throughout the process 高考模拟题示例： By the time the rescue team ______ (arrive), the flood ______ (already destroy) the village. 【解题】时间标志词：By the time（过去完成时触发词） 答案：arrived；had already destroyed 步骤二：分析动作完成状态 关键问题：动作是否已完成？ → 完成时（have/had done） 动作是否持续进行？ → 进行时（be doing） 动作是否对现在有影响？ → 现在完成时 学术语境应用： 研究过程（过去时）：The scientists conducted the experiment in 2022. 研究结论（现在完成时）：The results have revealed a new mechanism. 高考模拟题陷阱： The data ______ (show) significant changes since the new method ______ (introduce). ✅ 答案：has shown（持续影响）；was introduced（具体过去时间） ❌ 典型错误：showed（忽略since的完成时要求） 步骤三：确认主谓人称关系 必查要点： 第三人称单数：一般现在时动词加-s（易忽略点！） 例句：The theory suggests (非suggest) that... 助动词一致性：完成时：have/has/had + 过去分词 被动语态：be动词 + 过去分词 高考易错点： Not only the students but also the professor ______ (be) surprised by the results. ✅ 答案：was（就近原则） 步骤四：排除干扰选项 常见干扰类型： 时间状语误导：题干出现“now”，但语境实际需要过去时（描述过去某一刻） 语态混淆：主动语态误用为被动（尤其考查不及物动词） 例句：The accident happened (非was happened) yesterday. 非常规用法：进行时表将来（固定安排） 例句：The conference is being held (非will be held) next Monday. 高考模拟题实战： The manuscript ______ (deliver) to the publisher last week, and it ______ (print) soon. ✅ 答案：was delivered（过去被动）；will be printed（将来被动） ❌ 干扰项：is delivered（忽略last week）；is being printed（错误使用进行时） 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024•全国新课标I卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ (the) first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2. (2024•全国甲卷) They _______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 3. (2024年1月浙江高考) Over the last two years, some supermarkets _______ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs __ (designed) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】have started 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语 Over the last two years，而且主语是复数形式，故填现在完成时 have started。 4. (2023•全国Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I _______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。根据从句中的时态来判断，这里也应该用过去时。故填wished。 5. (2023•全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【解析】考查动词时态。句子主语是The remarkable development，单数名词，另外句中时态是一般现在时。故填means。 6. (2022•全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas ... 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 7. (2022•全国 II卷) Henry _______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。这是一个“sb. be doing sth. when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 8. (2022•全国 II卷) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 【解析】考查动词时态。根据下文的“and started running”可知，此处用一般过去时。故用threw。 9. (2022•全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao _______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.  【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。故填has walked。 10. (2022•全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _______ (address) the opening ceremony. 【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上文提到的May 21st可知，首届“国际茶日”已经举办，故需要用一般过去时。故填addressed。 11. (2021•全国I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _______ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，当时人们要把这些石头放到合适的位置上有多难。句中有时间状语then，可以判断用一般过去时。故填was。 12. (2021•全国II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 13. (2021•全国甲卷) We _______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 【解析】考查动词时态。根据上下文内容可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的经历，所以用一般过去时。故填hired。 14. (2020•新高考全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _______ (be) on display. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。通常情况下，博物馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。根据文中上下文时态，应该用现在时。另外句子主语是单数名词。故填is。 15. (2020•全国I卷) Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _______ (construct)”. 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。布朗大学科学家Carle Pieters表示: “因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。”这里用在直接引语中，因此应该用一般现在时。第二空的主语是月亮，表物。故填means和is constructed。 （2） 模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Nature (be) a source of inspiration for artists from past to present ever since. 【解析】has been 考查时态。句意：从过去到现在，自然一直是艺术家们灵感的源泉。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，主语Nature与be为主动关系，ever since表明该句时态要用现在完成时，Nature是第三人称单数形式，所以助动词用has，be的过去分词是been。故填has been。 2.（24-25高三下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）By December 20, 2024, the city airport’s annual passenger throughout __________ (go) beyond 28 million. 【解析】had gone 考查动词时态。句意：截至2024年12月20日，哈尔滨机场的年旅客吞吐量已超过2800万人次。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“By December 20, 2024”可知此处表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，时态为过去完成时；主语为“the city airport’s annual passenger throughout”，和动词“go”之间为主动关系。故填had gone。 3.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）In 1655, this mountain (rename) Jingshan and underwent significant ___ (expansion) during the Qianlong era, with all buildings constructed according to royal palace standards, making it an important part of the Forbidden City. 【解析】was renamed 考查时态语态。句意：1655年，这座山被更名为“景山”，在乾隆时期经历了重大扩建。主语“mountain”与动词“rename”为被动关系，且根据“In 1655”可知，时间为一般过去时。主谓一致，故填was renamed。 4.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Since its inclusion in the World Heritage List in 2007, Wulong __________ (experience) a jump in popularity with its stunning natural scenery and hiking highlights. 【解析】has experienced 考查时态。句意：自2007年被列入世界遗产名录以来，武隆已因其令人惊叹的自然风光和徒步旅行亮点而大受欢迎。此处为谓语动词，主语为Wulong，为单数，与experience之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语Since its inclusion in the World Heritage List in 2007可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has experienced。 5.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）By February 3rd, its box office earnings (accumulate) to over 4 billion yuan, setting a new milestone. 【解析】had accumulated 考查时态。句意：到2月3日，其票房收入已累计超过40亿元，创造了新的里程碑。根据时间状语“By February 3rd”可知，动作发生在过去某一时间点之前，故用过去完成时。故填had accumulated。 6.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）The victory of athletes from China, along with (those) from Hong Kong and China’s Taiwan region, and other Asian nations, (reflect) a newfound confidence and capability across the continent. 【解析】reflects 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：来自中国、中国香港和中国台湾地区以及其他亚洲国家的运动员的胜利，反映了整个亚洲大陆新发现的自信和能力。空处为句子的谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为The victory of athletes，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。 7.（24-25高三上·广东·期末）Thousands of Cantonese (immigrate) to Peru in the mid-nineteenth century, introducing the wok, soy sauce and the concept of stir-frying. 【解析】immigrated 考查时态。句意：19世纪中叶，成千上万的广东人移民到秘鲁，带来了炒锅、酱油和炒菜的概念。由in the mid-nineteenth century可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填immigrated。 8.（2025·安徽·一模）Millions of foreigners, like Baobaoxiong, are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs __________ (go) viral online recently. 【解析】have gone/have been going 考查动词时态。句意：数百万像宝宝熊一样的外国人正在探索中国，他们的旅行视频最近在网上疯传。根据上文及recently可判断此处应使用现在完成时态或者现在完成进行时，主语为vlogs，助动词用have。故填have gone/ have been going。 9.（24-25高三下·海南海口·阶段练习）It (develop) by a group of talented Chinese researchers with the aim of (advancing) artificial intelligence technology. 【解析】was developed 考查动词时态语态。句意：它是由一群才华横溢的中国研究人员开发的，旨在推进人工智能技术。空处是谓语动词，主语It指代DeepSeek，与动词develop之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was developed。 10.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）By Wednesday morning, her lacquerware video (accumulate) 120 million views on Sina Weibo and more than 4 million views on YouTube. 【解析】had accumulated 考查动词时态。句意：截至周三上午，她的漆器视频在新浪微博上的播放量已达1.2亿次，在YouTube上的播放量已超过400万次。根据时间状语“By Wednesday morning”可知，此处表示到过去某个时间以前一句完成的动作，使用过去完成时，故填had accumulated。 11.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Moreover, the tea ceremony (become) popular in many parts of the world, as people are (increasingly) interested in Chinese culture and alternative ways of living. 【解析】has become 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，茶道在世界许多地方变得流行起来，因为人们对中国文化和另类生活方式越来越感兴趣。become(变得)是谓语动词，根据语境可知，“茶道变得流行”这一动作从过去开始持续到现在，对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时态，主语the tea ceremony是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has become。 12.（24-25高三下·浙江绍兴·阶段练习）In ancient times, it was difficult for people in different places to communicate with each other and many regions (develop) their own spoken languages. 【解析】developed 考查时态。句意：在古代，不同地方的人们很难相互交流，许多地区发展出了自己的口语。空格处是谓语动词，由时间状语In ancient times可知，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填developed。 13.（2025·重庆·一模）The Chinese language classes, (taught) by instructors from the Confucius Institute at the University of Malta, range from beginner to intermediate levels and (tailor) to different age groups and skill levels. 【解析】are tailored 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汉语课程由马耳他大学孔子学院教师授课，涵盖初级到中级水平，针对不同年龄段和技能水平的学生量身定制。空格处是谓语，be tailored to是固定短语，意为“量身定做”，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The Chinese language classes是复数，因此空格处是are tailored。故填are tailored。 14.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Basically, the celebration of Winter Solstice nowadays (reflect) in different eating customs in different parts of China. 【解析】is reflected 考查时态和语态。句意：基本上，如今冬至的庆祝活动体现在中国不同地区的不同饮食习俗上。设空处为句子的谓语，根据nowadays可知，句子应用一般现在时，且主语the celebration of Winter Solstice与reflect构成被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is reflected。 15.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）According to Huang, the linguistic creativity on short-video platforms __________ (reach) unprecedented levels, particularly among younger generations. 【解析】has reached 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据黄安靖介绍，短视频平台上的语言创造力已经达到了前所未有的水平，尤其是在年轻一代中。reach(达到)是谓语动词，与主语the linguistic creativity之间是主动关系，结合句意，强调过去的事情造成的影响，用现在完成时态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。 16.（2024·湖北·一模）Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Henan and Gansu provinces. 【解析】have walked/have been walking 考查时态。句意：自今年2月以来，科学家、科学教育工作者和科技馆工作人员已经走进了广西壮族自治区、河南和甘肃的18所乡镇学校。根据上文Since February可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响应用现在完成时；或表示发生在过去的动作不间断进行到现在，用现在完成进行时，主语为science educators and science museum staff，助动词用have。故填have walked/have been walking。 17.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）The history of the teas on offer (date) back more than 1,000 years, and the crafting techniques of Enshi Yulu and Qingzhuan Tea have become national intangible cultural heritages. 【解析】dates 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：所售茶叶的历史可以追溯到1000多年前，恩施玉露和青砖茶的制作技术已成为国家非物质文化遗产。date back表示“追溯到”，在句中作谓语，讲述一般事实时态为一般现在时，主语history，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。 18.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Higher intensity physical activity (find) to be associated with lower risk of an early death from all causes, but the difference is most (noticeable) when it comes to cardiovascular disease. 【解析】is found 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：研究发现，高强度的体育活动与各种原因导致的早死风险较低有关，但这种差异在心血管疾病方面最为明显。设空处为谓语，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Higher intensity physical activity和谓语之间是被动语态，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数，故填is found。 19.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In summary, China’s museum boom (characterize) by a surge in visitors, widespread use of new technology and media, deepening social functions, and the ongoing development of strategies (to address) emerging challenges. 【解析】is characterized 考查动词时态和语态。句意：总之，中国博物馆繁荣的特点是游客激增，新技术和媒体的广泛使用，社会功能的深化，以及应对新挑战的战略的不断发展。characterize作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语China’s museum boom为第三人称单数。故填is characterized。 20.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）Bao realized the true meaning of this idiom when his works were exhibited abroad and the Chinese government and people (applaud) for their conservation efforts. 【解析】were applauded 考查动词时态和语态。句意：当他的作品在国外展出，中国政府和人民的保护努力受到赞扬时，他意识到这个俗语的真正含义。空处作谓语，people与applaud构成被动关系，结合上一句were可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语people为复数。故填were applauded。 21.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）Zhao’s (fascination) with the pipa began at the age of four when she __________ (attract) by its elegance and the skills of the player. 【解析】was attracted 考查时态语态。句意：赵对琵琶的迷恋始于四岁，当时她被琵琶的优雅和演奏者的技巧所吸引。主语she与谓语动词attract构成被动关系，根据上文at the age of four可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was attracted。 22.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She (convince) that the caves’ social importance far outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their (survival). 【解析】was convinced 考查时态和语态。句意：她深信这些石窟的社会重要性远远超过其经济潜力，并且科学保护是其生存的关键。根据句意及上下文时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，与主语She为被动关系，be动词用过去式was。故填was convinced。 23.（24-25高三上·福建·期末）Since then, the dish (hand) down from generation to generation. 【解析】has been handed 考查动词时态语态。句意：从此，这道菜便一代一代地流传了下来。句中since then为现在完成时时间标志，同时dish与hand之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been handed。 24.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）Her fantasy story (set) around a modern-day female office worker who struggles against fate after (being dragged) into a world where monsters and kung fu coexist. 【解析】is set 考查时态语态。句意：她的奇幻故事讲述了一个现代女性办公室职员在被拖入一个怪物和功夫并存的世界后与命运抗争的故事。主语story与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is set。 25.（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）His story, which (view) more than 19 million times up till now, has gone viral (在网上快速传播的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and he wins admiration from its users ___ (for) his courage, determination and hard work. 【解析】has been viewed 考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，他的故事已经在社交媒体平台新浪微博上传播了超过1900万次，他的勇气、决心和努力赢得了用户的赞赏。该空为非限制性定语从句谓语部分，分析句子结构和意思可知，由时间状语up till now可判断，从句谓语应为现在完成时，且从句主语which指代先行词his story与从句谓语动词view之间是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been viewed。 26.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The production techniques (upgrade) and the patterns became more various, most of (which) stood for good luck such as the fish, dragon and monkey. 【解析】were upgraded 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：生产技术得到了升级，图案变得更加多样，其中大多数代表着好运，如鱼、龙和猴。根据“the patterns became more various”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词upgrade意为“升级”，和主语构成被动关系。主语techniques为复数形式。故填were upgraded。 27.（24-25高三下·山东临沂·阶段练习）“My schedule (pack) with classes each day. The number of instructors here has grown by about a third this year to meet the fast-rising demand, (and) hiring is still going on,” he told China Economic Net (CEN) reporter. 【解析】is packed 考查时态语态。句意：他告诉中国经济网记者：“我每天的课程都排得满满当当。为了满足快速增长的需求，今年这里的教练数量增加了约三分之一，而且招聘工作仍在继续。” 空处为本句谓语动词；根据“each day”可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“my schedule”，单数，和动词“pack”之间为被动关系。故填is packed。 28.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期末）Why is it always the third son who (behave) differently from his two older brothers, thus (winning) the princess? 【解析】behaves 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：为什么总是第三个儿子表现不同于他的两个哥哥，从而赢得了公主？所填动词作从句的谓语动词；结合语境，这里讲述客观事实，用一般现在时，且从句主语“the third son”为第三人称单数，动词用单数形式。故填behaves。 29.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Cao Shumin, director of the National Radio and Television Administration, attended the forum and (deliver) a speech noting that 2024 celebrates the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and France. 【解析】delivered 考查动词时态。句意：国家广播电视总局局长曹淑敏出席论坛并发表讲话，指出2024年是中法建交60周年。根据上文attended可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填delivered。 30.（2025·江西景德镇·一模）In fact, nutrition research over the last 20 years (reveal) the increasing importance of including fish and seafood in an overall healthy diet. 【解析】has revealed 考查动词时态。句意：事实上，过去20年的营养研究表明，在整体健康饮食中增加鱼类和海鲜的重要性日益凸显。根据时间状语“over the last 20 years”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为nutrition research，助动词用has。故填has revealed。 31.（24-25高三下·山东泰安·阶段练习）The rise of DeepSeek (underline) China’s growing innovation in cutting-edge technology. 【解析】underlines 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：DeepSeek的崛起突显了中国在前沿技术领域不断增长的创新能力。此处描述的是一般事实，时态应用一般现在时；句子主语 The rise of DeepSeek是第三人称单数，所以谓语用动词underline“强调，突显”的第三人称单数形式underlines。故填underlines。 32.（2025·山东·模拟预测）In fact, this company (throw) itself into robotics research in 2016. 【解析】threw 考查动词时态。句意：事实上，这家公司早在2016年就投身于机器人技术研究。根据时间状语“in 2016”可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。故填threw。 33.（24-25高三下·山东聊城·阶段练习）Commercial art (use) in marketing to help sell products or to promote companies or causes. 【解析】is used 考查时态和语态。句意：广告艺术用于市场营销，帮助销售产品，宣传公司或主张等。本句缺少谓语动词，所以设空处填谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。commercial art是 use的动作承受者，所以此处用被动语态。故填is used。 34.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Originally, fireworks and red decorations in front of homes   (mean) to scare away a mythical beast called “nian”. 【解析】were meant 考查时态和语态。句意：最初，在家门口放烟花和红色装饰品是为了吓跑神话中的怪兽“年”。短语be meant to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，根据上文Originally可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语为fireworks and red decorations，be动词使用were。故填were meant。 35.（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）On December 4th,2024, a truly thrilling milestone (reach) as China’s Spring Festival was inscribed (收录) on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, marking a (notable) achievement. 【解析】was reached 考查时态与语态。句意：2024年12月4日，中国春节被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表名录》，这是一个令人激动的里程碑，标志着一项令人瞩目的成就。主语是“milestone（里程碑）”与动词“reach（达到）”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，并且时间状语“on December 4th, 2024”明确指出动作发生在过去，因此用过去时态。故填was reached。 （三）语篇填空(动词时态、语态专练) AI Transforms Modern Education Artificial intelligence  1 (reshape) global education systems that  2 (rely) entirely on human instructors just a decade ago. Today, intelligent tutoring platforms analyze student performance data and  3 (deliver) customized lesson plans in real time. In the past, educators  4 (spend) countless hours grading assignments. Modern AI systems  5 (complete) this work instantly while providing detailed feedback. Some traditional teaching methods  6 (disappear), but new hybrid approaches  7 (emerge) that combine AI efficiency with human expertise. Educational institutions  8 (implement) more AI solutions in coming years. However, the emotional connection between teachers and students  9 (remain) uniquely human. Students  10 (need) to develop both technical skills and social-emotional intelligence to thrive in this evolving landscape. 【答案】1. has reshaped 2. relied 3. deliver 4. spent 5. complete 6. are disappearing 7. are emerging 8. will implement 9. remains 10. need 1. has reshaped 考查现在完成时。句意：人工智能已经重塑了全球教育系统。根据句首时间状语in recent years（近年来）可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的动作，且对现在造成影响，符合现在完成时的用法。主语Artificial intelligence为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数has。故填has reshaped。 2. relied 考查一般过去时。句意：这些教育系统在十年前完全依赖人类教师。句中有时间状语just a decade ago（就在十年前）明确表示过去时间，应该用一般过去时。故填relied。 3. deliver 考查一般现在时。句意：如今，智能辅导平台分析学生表现数据并实时提供定制课程计划。此处描述AI平台的常规功能，与并列动词“analyze”保持时态一致，用一般现在时。主语“platforms”为复数，故填deliver。 4. spent 考查一般过去时。句意：过去，教育工作者花费无数时间批改作业。句中有时间状语In the past表明过去发生的动作。故填spent。 5. complete 考查一般现在时。句意：现代AI系统即时完成这项工作并提供详细反馈。描述AI系统现在的常规功能，主语“systems”为复数，动词用原形complete。故填complete。 6. are disappearing 考查现在进行时。句意：一些传统教学方法正在消失。表示当前正在发生的变化，用现在进行时（am/is/are + V-ing）。主语“methods”为复数，故填are disappearing。 7. are emerging 考查现在进行时。句意：但结合AI效率和人类专业知识的新混合方法正在出现。与空格6形成对比，同样表示当前渐进性变化，用现在进行时。主语“approaches”为复数，故填are emerging。 8. will implement 考查一般将来时。句意：教育机构将在未来几年实施更多AI解决方案。句中有时间状语“in coming years”表示将来，用will + 动词原形。故填will implement。 9. remains 考查一般现在时。句意：然而，师生之间的情感联系仍然是人类独有的。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语“connection”为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式remains。故填remains。 10. need 考查一般现在时。句意：学生需要发展技术技能和社会情感智能。描述学生当前的客观需求，主语Students为复数，动词用原形need。故填need。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$