必考语法--被动语态讲解及综合练习题 2024-2025学年译林版英语八年级下册

必考语法 被动语态 被动语态是动词语态的一种形式，表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中，都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此，有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。 · 掌握被动语态的结构 被动语态由“助动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are+done (指及物动词的过去分词，下同) 如：English is used all over the world. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were+done 如：The picture was painted two years ago. 3. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/ is/ are+being+done 如：The flowers are being watered by them now. 4. 现在完成时的被动语态：have(has)+been+done 如：The room has been cleaned. 5. 一般将来时的被动语态：will/ be going to+be+done 如：The work will be finished tomorrow. 6. 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done 如：Your homework must be handed in today. 其它几种特殊句型： ①It is said that …….. ②It is well known that ……. ③It is reported that…….. ④have sth done · 掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态变为被动语态时，应走好以下三步： ①主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；②主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式；③主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。 主动语态：My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 　　 主语 谓语动词　 宾语 其余部分 被动语态：That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 　　　 主语 谓语动词 by+宾语 其余部分 对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查，主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做，一般是能够做对的。 · 注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型 1. 含有短语动词的被动语态 一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外，许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时，注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词，常见的这类短语动词有：take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。 如：The old people should be taken good care of. 2. 含有双宾语的动词的被动语态 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时，间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。 如：My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→ I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) 3. 带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态 带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动语态的主语，原来的宾语补足语不动。同时，如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时，必须加上不定式符号to，这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等。 如：We find English very useful.→ English is found very useful. 　　　　　 宾语　　宾补 I often hear him sing in his room.→ He is often heard to sing in his room. 　　 宾语 宾补 4. 有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，这类动词有：wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。 如：The books sell well. The food tastes good. 以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现，同学们在碰到类似题目时，应首先分析属于哪种情况，然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。 · 被动语态考点归纳 1. 主动语态改为被动语态时，被动语态应和主动语态的时态保持一致。 如：We speak English. (改为被动语态) English by us. 析：此句主动语态为一般现在时，被动语态也应用一般现在时，因此，答案应是is spoken。 2. 注意被动语态的谓语结构。 一般现在时是：am / is / are + p.p；一般过去时是：was / were + p.p；现在完成时是：have / has been + p.p；现在进行时是：am / is / are + being + p.p；含有情态动词的是：情态动词＋be + p.p。 有诗曰：被动语态须注意，谓语不离“be”“p.p”。主谓一致别忘记，“进行”易丢一个“be”。 （注：p.p过去分词）。 如：We must take good care of our eyes. (改为被动语态) Our eyes must good care of. 析：此句中含有情态动词must，那么，我们根据“情态动词＋be+p.p.”的公式可知，答案应是be taken。 3. 注意句中主谓语的一致关系。 如：Tea (grow) in southeast of China and India. 析：此句中主语tea是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。而此句说明的又是一自然现象，因此就应用一般现在时态。所以，答案应是is grown。 4. 注意复合宾语的变化。 如：They couldn’t make the cow go. (改为被动语态) 析：the cow go在句中作make的复合宾语。一般情况下，变为被动语态后，宾语补足语的结构形式、所处位置原封不动地保存下来，但make / have / let / see / watch / hear 等后原省略的to要还原回来。显然，此句中，the cow go 中省去的to应还原回来，因此答案应是The cow couldn’t be made to go. 5. 注意双宾语的变化。 如：Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday. (改为被动语态) Two pictures the students by Mr Smith. 析：变为被动语态时，双宾语中的任何一个皆可变为主语，一般变直接宾语，但间接宾语前必须加上介词to或for。此句中显然是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，那么，间接宾语前须加上介词to，所以答案应是were shown to。 6. 注意短语动词中的“小词”。 如：The old men and the children ____ in our country. A. must take good care B. must be taken good care C. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of 析：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，应当做一个词来看待，变成被动语态后，“小词”不能丢弃。因此，此题答案应是C。 专项练习 ( ) 1. -How long  at this job? -Since 1990.  A. were you employed  B. have you been employed C. had you been employed  D. will you be employed ( ) 2. -What happened to the priceless works of art? - . A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them ( ) 3. If city noises  from increasing, people shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from  now. A. are not kept; will have to  B. are not kept; have to  C. do not keep; will have to  D. do not keep; have to  ( ) 4. -Do you like the material? -Yes, it  very soft.  A. is feeling  B. felt  C. feels  D. is felt ( ) 5. I need one more stamp before my collection  .  A. has completed  B. completes  C. has been completed  D. is completed  ( ) 6. All the preparations for the task  , and we're ready to start. A. completed  B. complete  C. had been completed  D. have been completed  ( ) 7. Hundreds of jobs  if the factory closes. A. lose  B. will be lost  C. are lost  D. will lose  ( ) 8. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.  A. will be built  B. is built  C. has been built  D. is being built 　　 ( ) 9. After the class, the students went out of the classroom one by one, but only Mary . A. left  B. had left  C. was leaving  D. was left ( ) 10. The teacher told the students that they to be useful men to the country. A. were all expected B.were all expecting C. all were expected  D. all expected ( ) 11. He in a shower last night and got wet through. A. caught  B. was caught  C. had caught  D. caught up  ( ) 12. The thief when he was stealing a wallet from a woman. A. happened to notice  B. was taken place to notice  C. was happened to be noticed  D. happened to be noticed  ( ) 13. He and was made to repeat it. A. didn't understand  B. didn't be understood C. wasn't understand  D. wasn't understood  ( ) 14. The pupils here all kinds of exercises every day in the past few weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing  D. have been kept busy doing ( ) 15. -What were you doing when Tom came to see you? -I  on my overcoat and  to visit a friend of mine. A. have just put; leaving  B. was put; was left C. had just put; was leaving  D. was putting; left ( ) 16. They said good-bye, hardly knowing that they  again. A. were never met  B. will never meet  C. never met  D. were never to meet ( ) 17. -What happened to the postman? -I don't know. He around here for a long time. A. hasn't seen  B. didn't see  C. wasn't seen D. hasn't been seen ( ) 18. Don't get that ink on your shirt, for it . A. won't wash out  B. won't be washed out C. isn't washed out  D. doesn't wash away ( ) 19. -Do you know anyone in Paris? -No. I'll make friends once . A. I'm settled  B. I have settled C. I'll be settled  D. I'm settling ( ) 20. Not having finished his homework,  to watch TV. A. Mother forbade him  B. so he was forbidden  C. and he wanted  D. he was forbidden ( ) 21. -Bob, you on the phone. - . A. are needed; I'm coming  B. are wanted; Coming C. are called; I'll come  D. are rung up; Thanks ( ) 22. E-mail, as well as telephones,  an important part in daily communication. A. is being played  B. are playing  C. have played  D. is playing ( ) 23. Jackson to work in government office though he hated serving there. A. wanted  B. was wanted  C. was wanting  D. had wanted ( ) 24. Your cough ought  before it gets worse. A. to see  B. to be seen  C. to see to  D. to be seen to ( ) 25. -I'm going away for the weekend. -But you  you out to dinner with me. A. say; will come  B. say; came C. said; would come  D. have said; will made ( ) 26. I don't know what decisions  at the conference as John hasn't reported to me yet. A. would make  B. will make  C. are made  D. were made  ( ) 27. -Would you have come to his help, had you been free? -Yes. But I engaged. A. was  B. were  C. had been  D. would be ( ) 28. All the preparations for the task  , and we're ready to start. A. completed  B. complete　 C. had been completed D. have been completed ( ) 29. A strange thing in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen ( ) 30. The glass . It by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken ( ) 31. Good books again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read ( ) 32. The children by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked ( ) 33. He some pieces of advice, but he to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen ( ) 34. When the accident ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened ( ) 35. The question by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed ( ) 36. The lab about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built ( ) 37. A lot of tall buildings in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up ( ) 38. They printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished ( ) 39. Rice also in their hometown. A. is, grown B. is, grew C. was, grew D. was, grown ( ) 40. He by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised ( ) 41. Great changes place. Many new schools . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened ( ) 42. The picture in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken ( ) 43. We can't use the bridge now, because it . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired ( ) 44. I the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing ( ) 45. The war in 1941. A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out ( ) 46. When water , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats ( ) 47. We can't enter the room because its door . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking ( ) 48. They day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work ( ) 49. Chang'an Road is of people. A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled ( ) 50. Man-made satellites into space by many countries. A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up ( ) 51. This English song often by the children. A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung ( ) 52. The windows of our house once a week. A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned ( ) 53. When the People's Republic of China ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found ( ) 54. Mary's radio by my brother just now. A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended ( ) 55. Your exercise books after class. A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in ( ) 56. Some trees may at other times of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted ( ) 57. The sun at night as usual. A. can be seen B. can't see C. can't be seen D. doesn't see ( ) 58. A new English play there next week. A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 二、把下列句子改为被动语态。 1. I saw the boy run yesterday. 2. He told me that he would come back soon. 3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day? 5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 6. I think that he is right. 7. He had not thrown the bad food. 8. Mother was not mending the trousers. 9. They would not take him to Beijing. 10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$