Unit 4 Exploring literature Modal verbs 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2019）必修第二册

B2Unit 4 Exploring literature Grammar Modal verbs Read the website article on P 48 and complete the mind map. To solve the problem of “what shall I read ?” (1) (2) (3) (4) Look through the collections in library. Get ideas from different sources. Develop your own taste. Ask friends, parents, and teachers to recommend books. Read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. Look for books on topics that interest you. sensitive a. 1)感觉敏锐的,艺术感觉好的，有悟性的 We were impressed by the actor’s sensitive reading of the poem. 演员对那首诗富有表现力的朗读给我们留下了深刻印象。 2)体贴的，善解人意的 ~ to sb She is sensitive to other people’s feelings. 她很能体谅他人的感情。 sensitive 3) 易生气的，神经过敏的 ~ about / to sth She is very sensitive to criticism. 她一听批评就着急。 She is sensitive about her weight. 她很忌讳别人说她胖。 4)(对低温，光，食物等)敏感的，过敏 ~ to sth My teeth are very sensitive to cold food. 我的牙齿对冷食过敏。 sensitive 5)(对细微变化)灵敏的 ~ to sth This is a highly sensitive electronic camera. 这是一台高度灵敏的电子摄像机。 Practise 判断下列句中 sensitive 的含义 1)She is very sensitive about this topic, so we’d better not discuss it before her. 2)Some plants are sensitive to light. They prefer shade. 3)Mary is so thoughtful that she is always sensitive to the suffering of others. 易生气的，神经过敏的　 敏感的　 体贴的，善解人意的　 reflect 1) vt. 反映，映出（影像)； 反射（声、光、热等） His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的脸映照在镜子里。 The window reflected the bright sunlight. 窗户反射着明媚的阳光。 2)vt. 显示，表明，表达 The newspaper reflected the views of the local people. 报纸表达了当地人民的心声。 reflect 3)vi. 认真思考，沉思 ~ on / upon sth I need time to reflect before I decide. 在做出决定前我需要时间认真考虑。 He reflected on his past mistakes. 他反思自己过去的错误。 拓展 reflection n. 1) c.n. 映照出的影像 u.n. (声、光、热等的）反射 2)c.n. 反映，显示，表达 3)u.n. 沉思，深思 A week off would give him time for reflection. 歇上一周会使他有时间考虑。 The monkey stared at its reflection in the mirror. 猴子端详着自己在镜子里的影像。 Practise 1)On the New Year’s Eve, he reflected _________his personal achievement. 2)The moon was clearly ________________(reflect) in the lake, making the view more beautiful. 3)People’s lifestyles __________________(reflect) in literature. 4)Your clothes are often a ____________(reflect) of your personalities. on reflected reflection are reflected Practise 5)The boy admired his ___________(reflect)in the mirror. 6)After days of ______________(reflect)he decided to accept the offer. 7)Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us _____________（认真思考）the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. reflection reflection to reflect on 阅读历史是一种奇妙的体验，因为它能让我们认真思 考很久以前的人们的社会和经济生活。 Free talk What shall I read? What are your suggestions? Expressing necessity Making suggestions Expressing necessity To start with, ask your friends, parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read. You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. 感知以下课文原句，指出句中情态动词的含义 1.We must know all these，if the book is to speak its whole message. must 表必要性，意为“必须” 2.A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass... may 表猜测，意为“可能” 3.To achieve this，it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style. should 表劝告或建议，意为 “应该” 4.It also takes on a personal style—no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences. can 表能力，意为 “能够” 情态动词(modal verbs)，即表示人的情感和态度的动词，它们本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能跟动词原形一起构成谓语。 常见的情态动词 Modal verbs ​ can could 表能力ability 过去的能力 表请求与许可request&permission 更委婉 表可能性posibility can't 可能性更小 could't can / could 能，会 可以 有时会／可能 不可能 不可能 【注意】表示“能力”时， be able to和can可以换用。 但是注意be able to能用于多种时态，was/were able to 表示“通过努力做成某事”，can没有此种用法。 翻译并且理解 can/could 的用法 Tom can speak Chinese well while Mary can’t. He could play football at the age of 5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. Could / Can I use your computer ? Don’t eat it . It could be poisonous. The news can’t be true. Alcohol can cause cancer. 能，会 能，会 可以 有时会／可能 不可能 有时会／可能 通过努力做成某事 may might 表请求与许可request&permission 更委婉 表可能性posibility may not 可能性更小 might not may / might 可以 可能, 或许 可能不 可能不 【注意】may (just) as well, might as well “不妨，还是……为好” （可以用来提出建议） Since it’s a fine day, we might as well have a walk in the garden. 翻译并且理解may和might的用法 You may keep the book for two weeks. --Might/May I use your telephone? --Yes, you may. /No, you mustn’t. /You’d better not. It may rain tomorrow. I thought you might like something to read, so I bought some books for you. 5. I think he may/ might not come today. 表许可 表可能性 表请求许可 表可能性 表可能性 可能不 will / would will would 表示“意志、意愿、决心” 指过去 会, 愿 表示请求和建议等。 用于第二人称疑问句 委婉客气 好吗？可以吗？ 愿意不？ 总是，老是, 习惯于 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作 表过去的习惯动作 used to 表示过去的状态或动作现在已经结束 翻译并且理解 will 和 would 的用法. 1. I will never tell you the secret. 2. She said she would buy a car. 3. Would/Will you pass this book to the student in the last row？ 4. The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 5. In class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him. 6. The door won’t open. 主语为物时，表固有性质、倾向。 门打不开。 我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。 她说她会买一辆车。 总是，老是, 习惯于 总是，老是, 习惯于 好吗？可以吗？愿意不？ (1)表示 “必须”，语气比 should，ought to 强烈。 其否定形式为 mustn’t (不准，禁止)。 You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word. 你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。 All visitors must report to reception. 所有来宾必须到接待处报到。 must 以 must 开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答中要用 must，否定回答中要用 needn’t / don’t have to。 —Must I finish the paper today? —Yes，you must. / ---No，you needn’t / don’t have to. 【注意】 must 含有说话者的强烈决意（表示主观的看法）， have to 则表示外力环境使然（表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解）。 I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。（发自内心的决定） I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。（外界因素逼迫） don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to (2) must 表示可能性或肯定推测，只用在肯定句中， 意为 “一定，准是 , 想必 ”； You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断) Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.  The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.  ①must do (这里的do常是状态动词或系动词be) ，表示对现在状态的推测。 ②must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。 ③must have done表对现在/过去的动作状态的推测。 (3)表说话人生气或不满的情绪，意为 “偏要；非得”。 — Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? — Sorry, sir, but it’s urgent . 1.表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称. 2.表示对过去,现在或将来情况的某种推测,译为“可能、照说应该”。 3.表示“意外、惊讶”等绪，常意为“竟然；居然”。 Children should obey their parents. I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you. The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. should / ought to 【警示误区】 1. ought to表示“应该”是从“义务责任”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的,口气比should稍重。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。 You are her mother. You ought to look after her. 你是她的母亲,你应当照管她.（是道义上的责任,不能和should互换.） Prices ought to come down soon. There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 2. ought to 表示“推测”，暗含很大的可能,可译为“应该是，会是”。 We ought to defend our country.（义务） Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution? （责任） 价格可能会很快下跌。 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。 (1) shall用于二、三人称的陈述句，表“命令、威胁、警告、强制允诺、决心”等。 You shall arrive there before sunset. (命令) He shall have my answer tomorrow. (允诺) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (决心) He shan’t come. 我不会让他来。 shall (威胁) (2)shall 用于一、三人称的疑问句，表征询意见或请求允许. Shall we meet at the school gate in the evening? (3)shall 常用于主语是第三人称的条约、法律法规、规 章制度等文件中表“义务”或“规定”。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform Students shall not use calculators during exams. Shall the waiter bring meals to your room？ dare 既作情态动词,也作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢” need 既作实义动词,也作情态动词。表示“需要,有必要”， I dare not /daren't walk through the forest at night. You needn't return the book now. Plant needs water. My car needs repairing. He has grown up. We don't need to worry about him. Patience is needed for that job. He dared me to jump over the stream. Did anyone dare to admit it？ 情态动词+have done must have done can’t / couldn’t have done may / might have done could have done should / ought to have done shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have done needn’t have done 一定做过某事 也许/或许已经做…… 过去可能会做... 本能够做, 但是未做 过去不可能做过某事 “本该做某事，却没做” “本不该做某事，却做了” “本不必做某事, 却做了” 1. 他意识到一定有什么人进过他的房间。 He was aware that someone________________ his room. 2. 谁会想到你会做出这样的事情？ Who _____________________ you did such a thing? 3. 你这么晚的时候本不应该一个人来这里的。 You ____________________________ here alone at such a late hour. must have entered could have supposed shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have come Exercises 4. 她本不必亲自来——写封信来就足够了。 She ________________ in person—a letter would have been enough. 5. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把它们落在学校了。 I can’t find my keys. I __________________ them at school yesterday. needn’t have come may/might have left Thank you ! $$