精品解析：北京市陈经纶中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

2025北京陈经纶中学高二（下）期中 英 语 （时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） I stepped out of the store, juggling a few shopping bags in my hands, looking forward to the drive home. As I reached my car, a wave of panic washed over me. I had ___1___ my keys and mobile phone inside the vehicle. In a moment of annoyance, I gave the tire a hard kick. A teenager on a bike happened to pass by at that very moment. He stopped, and his eyes filled with ___2___. “What’s wrong?” he asked. I sighed deeply and explained my rather ___3___ situation. “But even if I could call my wife,” I added, my tone ___4___, “she can’t bring me the spare car key, since she’s taking care of our children at home.” Without hesitation he ___5___ me his mobile phone. “Call your wife and tell her I’m coming to get the spare key,” he said. I looked at him in ___6___. “That’s an 11-kilometre round trip!” I protested. But he was determined and said, “Don’t worry about it.” An hour seemed to ___7___ as I waited anxiously. But true to his word, he ___8___ with the key in hand. I was overjoyed and immediately reached for my wallet to offer him some money as a gesture of my ___9___. However, he firmly refused. “Let’s just say I needed the exercise,” he said with a smile. Then, with a casual wave, he got back on his bike and rode off. In a world that often seems focused on self-interest, his kindness was a shining example of the goodness that still exists. A simple act of ____10____ can have a profound impact on someone’s day. 1. A. placed B. hidden C. stored D. locked 2. A. hope B. sadness C. concern D. anxiety 3. A. unfortunate B. dangerous C. adventurous D. promising 4. A. relaxed B. exhausted C. excited D. defeated 5. A. left B. handed C. sent D. sold 6. A. disbelief B. anger C. regret D. fear 7. A. jump ahead B. fly by C. drag on D. come around 8. A. returned B. hesitated C. disappeared D. settled 9. A. kindness B. satisfaction C. admiration D. gratitude 10. A. devotion B. generosity C. courage D. sharing 第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Whales swim by moving their tails up and down. This motion ____11____ (create) pressure pulses (脉冲) which harm their brains. However, whales find a way ____12____ (avoid) such damage. Research has revealed that a network of blood vessels (血管) in their brains plays a crucial role. It can maintain stable blood pressure, ____13____ (effective) reducing over 90% of the potential harm. This discovery also helps explain ____14____ seals, which don’t face the same issue, lack these structures. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine cinnamon, known as “RouGui”, ___15___ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort ___16___ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, which makes it a must for those___17___ want to improve their immune system. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Last December, I ordered a warm hamburger at a food store. As I left the store, I noticed there was an older poor gentleman ____18____ (sit) at the bus stop. Knowing it would probably be his only warm meal of the day, I ____19____ (give) him the hamburger. But all was not lost for me. Another customer offered me half of her hamburger. I was so delighted because I realised that ____20____ one way or another, we are all looked after. 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分） 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） A FREE FAMILY DAY PASS National Trust Looking for the perfect day out this March? Whether you love peaceful woodland walks, birdwatching, or discovering new places surrounded by nature, the National Trust has something for everyone. Thanks to this incredible offer, you can enjoy a FREE visit to a National Trust property of your choice. It will give you the perfect excuse to gather your loved ones and explore the great outdoors. Start your year by reconnecting with nature and making unforgettable memories with family and friends. Don’t miss out on this wonderful opportunity to experience the beauty of National Trust sites — completely free! HOW TO CLAIM Cut out the voucher (代金券) below and present at your chosen National Trust location. Some National Trust properties require advance booking, please check the property website for full details. Certain places are excluded (排除在外) from this promotion, details can be found at reachforms.co.uk/nationaltrustpass. FREE National Trust FAMILY PASS 1. This pass is single use and is effective once from the date of issue through to 31 December, 2025 inclusive. 2. This pass allows free admission at participating National Trust places for 2 adults and up to 3 children, or 1 adult and up to 4 children. Adults are aged 18 or over; children are aged under 17 inclusive. 3. This pass is for standard admission only and excludes parking, group entity, paid transport, and any paid events. 4. This pass is effective at participating National Trust places within advertised opening hours. Opening hours may be subject to change at any time and should be checked at nationaltrustpass.org.uk. 5. Present this pass to receive free admission at participating places. Pass holders who cannot present the pass, or visit an excluded place, will be charged the full admission price. 6. Only one pass per household will be permitted. 21. What can people enjoy with the National Trust’s offer? A. An outdoor activity close to nature. B. A birdwatching photography course. C. An exploration to national museums. D. A visit to a treasure-themed exhibition. 22. One can get free admission by ________. A. purchasing a digital pass on a website B. showing the voucher at the selected site C. submitting an application on the website D. joining as a member of the National Trust 23. According to the passage, the pass ________. A. allows free entry for a six-person family B. includes free transport and parking C. is limited to one per household D. can be used more than once B For years, Robyn Elman, a nature advocate, has been passionately raising the endangered monarch butterflies in the cozy corner of her backyard. She collects the butterfly eggs from the milkweed plants — the only food for these delicate creatures — alongside the highways. Each time she goes on her journey to the highways, she hopes these little eggs, which are as precious as hidden treasures, will hatch (孵化) into many beautiful creatures. They will slowly make the group which is getting smaller gradually breathe new life. But reality destroyed her hopes last year. Instead of being greeted by the green milkweed plants, she was met with the desolate sight of mowed stubs (修剪过的草茬) and destroyed eggs. The milkweed plants had been cut down, and all left were short stubs. She felt a deep sense of loss. “Is there really no hope for these delicate, flying creatures?” she whispered to herself, her heart as heavy as a big piece of lead. Even as pain consumed her, Robyn remained determined. She teamed up with other nature lovers. They reached out to Frank Coniglio, the city’s director of highway maintenance, urging him to cut the butterflies a break. At first, Frank was doubtful. He thought, “How important can this be? What difference will it make? It’s just some butterflies and plants.” But as Robyn and her friends poured out their worries, and kept explaining the importance of the issue, Frank began to understand. He finally realised, “What happens to the butterflies is going to happen to us, isn’t it?”, as if a light bulb had suddenly switched on in his mind. Frank went to work on studying more about monarch butterflies and finally he supported their cause, and took decisive action. He stopped mowing in certain areas, drawing an invisible line of protection. So far, around 20 patches of milkweed plants, like oases in the urban desert, have been protected across the city. “We’re making a real difference,” Frank said proudly. Thanks to their combined efforts, the monarch butterflies now have a brighter future, and the city’s ecosystem is on the path to positive transformation. 24. As a nature advocate, Robyn Elman ________. A. grows some milkweed in her backyard B. raises butterflies alongside the highway C. collects butterfly eggs and hatches them D studies milkweed and proves them valuable 25. How did Robyn feel upon seeing the mowed stubs? A. Upset and disappointed. B. Angry and annoyed. C. Embarrassed and ashamed. D. Terrified and confused. 26. What did Frank do to help protect the monarch butterflies? A. He raised the awareness of the public. B. He studied the local natural ecosystem. C. He protected milkweed in certain areas. D. He moved the butterflies to a safe place. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Wildlife conservation takes a back seat to urban development. B. Government policies play a main role in wildlife conservation. C. The damage of habitats has long-term impact on the ecosystem. D. Commitment and cooperation cause positive ecological outcomes. C Researchers from the NeuroMind Institute have developed a new system that uses predator (捕食者) robots to chase (追逐) larval (幼体的) zebrafish in an open water. This innovative approach is helping scientists study how the young fish rapidly learn and adapt in real-world conditions. Larval zebrafish are a valuable tool for neuroscientists because their transparency enables easy study of the brain and behaviour. However, it’s been difficult for scientists to study learning in these developing vertebrates (脊椎动物) — an important part of understanding how the brain works. Previous research found young zebrafish could learn simple associations. But this type of learning happens slowly and often unreliably, and it was still unclear whether days-old zebrafish can learn fast enough to use their memory in natural situations, like recognizing and avoiding new predators. The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics. The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat. Using this system, the researchers made an unexpected discovery that not only could larval zebrafish learn extremely quickly in a more natural context, but they could also do so just five days after beginning their lives as single cells. This was particularly surprising given the fact that a developing zebrafish larva contains just one percent or so of the neurons (神经元) in its adult form. The findings suggest that some essential learning abilities, like recognizing predators, emerge early in life and are critical for survival. Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn. It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats. 28. Why did the researchers develop a new system with larval zebrafish? A. To observe their hunting behaviours. B. To identify their simple associations. C. To examine their brain characteristics. D. To uncover their learning in natural settings. 29. What does the underlined word “dynamics” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Interaction. B. Function. C. Structure. D. Standard. 30. What can we learn about larval zebrafish? A. They can distinguish between robots and fish. B. They learn fast through a multi-regional brain network. C. They develop learning abilities when reaching adulthood. D. They can recognise predators with much neurons needed. 31. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. Explaining the robot design used in the experiment. B. Exploring danger processing in other species’ brains. C. Analysing the connection between learning and planning. D. Describing zebrafish behaviours in different surroundings. D Recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI) in Arizona, which produced the largest 3D map of the universe, suggest that dark energy — the mysterious force driving the universe’s accelerated( 加速的) expansion — might change over time. This challenges the standard model of cosmology (宇宙学), which assumes a steady acceleration. Dark energy is thought to make up nearly 70% of the cosmos, so if its behaviour really is changing as time passes, it could have significant implications for our understanding of the universe. Since the DESI data came out, researchers have been working on ways to explain the apparent changes in the universe’s expansion rate. Dark energy isn’t directly observable, so there are several options that could fit. One solution suggested by Michael Garda at the Federal University in Brazil and his colleagues involves letting dark energy interact with dark matter, an invisible and abundant form of matter that outweighs ordinary matter. This interaction is forbidden in the standard model, but if energy could flow from the universe’s dark matter to its dark energy — essentially changing the former to the latter — the researchers’ simulations (模拟) showed that this would match the DESI measurements. Yet, the mechanism for such an energy transfer isn’t clear. This solution might also help resolve the Hubble tension, a difference in the ways we measure the expansion rate of the cosmos. Measurements of this made by analysing nearby galaxies (known as “local” measurements) give an expansion rate, or Hubble constant, which is slightly higher than the one obtained from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) — the remaining radiation from the early universe. CMB measurements rely on a theoretical model of cosmic evolution, which may need adjustment if Garda’s proposal is correct. By allowing energy transfer between dark matter and dark energy, the adjusted model could bring CMB-based estimates more closely into line with local measurements, potentially resolving the tension. Another proposed solution involves dark radiation, an invisible form of radiation similar to light but composed of dark photons (光子). Tamar Allali at Brown University and his team suggest that dark radiation could explain the DESI data and lessened the Hubble tension by increasing the universe’s expansion rate in its early stages. “If you have more radiation, the expansion is faster in the early universe,” says Allali. Unlike adjustments to dark energy, dark radiation introduces a new component without changing existing physical laws, making it a more conservative approach. Allali notes that the DESI data does not rule out dark radiation and even shows a slight preference for it. Both models — interacting dark energy and dark radiation — fit the DESI data, but neither has been confirmed. Shawn Smith at the University of Edinburgh, UK, points out that while many unconventional models could explain the observations, none currently compete with the standard cosmological model from a fundamental physics perspective. Nevertheless, these models serve as catalysts for progress, ensuring that cosmology remains a dynamic and evolving field. 32. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. The development of scientific models to study the universe. B. The discovery of dark energy and its impact on the universe. C. The importance of DESI in studying the universe’s behavior. D. The attempts to explain the universe’s unexpected expansion. 33. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Garda’s proposal outperforms Allali’s in its simplicity. B. Recent research has found ways for dark energy transfer. C. The DESI data has confirmed the existence of dark radiation. D. The two models share similarities in reducing Hubble tension. 34. The passage is organized in the pattern of ________. A. cause — effect — solution B. problem— solution — evaluation C. example —a nalysis — conclusion D. introduction — comparison — result 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Experts have warned that an obsession (痴迷) with healthy eating can cause mental health problems. A survey among mental health professionals found 90% of those surveyed, like in previous research, had seen patients with orthorexia nervosa (ON). ____35____ The survey found some patients cut out foods like fish, meat or dairy, considering them “unclean”. Their fixation on “pure” foods leads to deficiencies (缺陷) like iron-deficiency anaemia or vitamin B12 deficiency. For example, Dr Niket Sonpal found that his patients didn’t consume enough calories, minerals, protein or carbohydrates. Some patients even cut out entire food groups after the big dinners of holidays. ____36____ The term ON was coined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He noticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutrition, anxiety, and even death. ____37____ It poses a significant challenge. Healthcare providers may not be trained to spot the signs easily, and patients might not be aware their eating habits. As a result, diagnosis and treatment are delayed. ____38____ Healthcare providers need to be attentive to identify and deal with ON in patients, providing support such as nutritional advice, psychological aid, and diet-diversity education. The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. ____39____ True well-being comes from a healthy relationship with food, not an obsession with “clean” eating. By taking these steps, we can prevent mental health issues caused by fixating on healthy eating and promote a culture where food brings both nourishment and joy. A. Despite its risks ON isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder. B. Some online health communities provide some self-treatment methods. C. ON patients showed doubled depression rates compared to non-sufferers. D. Media and social platforms can promote a more realistic view of nutrition. E. Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet should not simply be seen as a source of restriction. F. In light of the findings, the medical community and the public should take a balanced view on healthy eating. G. Basically, orthorexia is a fixation on eating only healthy or pure foods, or what an individual perceives as healthy or pure. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分） 第一节（共4 小题；第40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第43 题 5 分，共 12 分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 In the digital age, technology is transforming how we communicate and interact. What were once science-fiction tech ideas are now reality. In the 2002 film Minority Report, John Anderton used a data glove, and now touch-based computing is common. Similar gaming interaction methods have appeared since 2006. These are just a taste of what’s to come. MIT computer scientist Thomas Koffler predicted that virtual touch-based computing is the future of human-computer interfaces. He also suggested that an even more exciting area of research, one that will transform how we communicate with computers over the longer term, is so-called brain-computer interface (BCI). Today’s research on BCI works on a related idea: the brain makes use of electrical signals, an electrical code, to send and process information. As the brain runs on electrical signals, assuming these can be accurately read, the signals thus allow us to communicate with external devices through the transmission of electrical impulses (脉冲) directly from the brain. In theory, it should be possible to use brain signals that move your arm and hand to control a robotic arm, e.g., to pick up a coffee cup. Research of this kind is ongoing. Cochlear implants (人工耳蜗), allowing the hard of hearing to hear, are currently the most widely available use for this technology. The principle of BCI enables brain signals to communicate with the implant, thereby overcoming the damaged part of the ear. In the future, it may be possible for implants in the brain to allow us to communicate directly with and control a wide variety of devices, using the power of thought alone. Today, computers and smartphones with fixed cameras enable real-time face-to-face chat. Next up could be telepresence robots, which let a person remotely see, move around, and interact. Ideal for tele-conferencing and remote site tours, their potential is clear. Ultimately, the driving force behind digital communication’s next stage is the cooperative intelligence that makes humans exceptional communicators. 40. According to Thomas Koffler, what will transform the way we communicate with computers over the longer term? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How do electrical signals allow us to communicate with external devices? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The principle of BCI enables brain signals to directly fix the damaged part of the ear. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Do you think BCI will make our lives better? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20 分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的学校打算为外国留学生举办世界非物质文化遗产展示周（World Intangible(无形的，非物质的) Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week）活动，需要招募志愿者去介绍中国非物质文化遗产，你写信申请参加。 内容包括：1. 你对此次活动的看法；2. 陈述申请担任志愿者的理由。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025北京陈经纶中学高二（下）期中 英 语 （时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分） 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） I stepped out of the store, juggling a few shopping bags in my hands, looking forward to the drive home. As I reached my car, a wave of panic washed over me. I had ___1___ my keys and mobile phone inside the vehicle. In a moment of annoyance, I gave the tire a hard kick. A teenager on a bike happened to pass by at that very moment. He stopped, and his eyes filled with ___2___. “What’s wrong?” he asked. I sighed deeply and explained my rather ___3___ situation. “But even if I could call my wife,” I added, my tone ___4___, “she can’t bring me the spare car key, since she’s taking care of our children at home.” Without hesitation, he ___5___ me his mobile phone. “Call your wife and tell her I’m coming to get the spare key,” he said. I looked at him in ___6___. “That’s an 11-kilometre round trip!” I protested. But he was determined and said, “Don’t worry about it.” An hour seemed to ___7___ as I waited anxiously. But true to his word, he ___8___ with the key in hand. I was overjoyed and immediately reached for my wallet to offer him some money as a gesture of my ___9___. However, he firmly refused. “Let’s just say I needed the exercise,” he said with a smile. Then, with a casual wave, he got back on his bike and rode off. In a world that often seems focused on self-interest, his kindness was a shining example of the goodness that still exists. A simple act of ____10____ can have a profound impact on someone’s day. 1. A. placed B. hidden C. stored D. locked 2. A. hope B. sadness C. concern D. anxiety 3. A. unfortunate B. dangerous C. adventurous D. promising 4. A. relaxed B. exhausted C. excited D. defeated 5. A. left B. handed C. sent D. sold 6. A. disbelief B. anger C. regret D. fear 7. A. jump ahead B. fly by C. drag on D. come around 8. A. returned B. hesitated C. disappeared D. settled 9. A. kindness B. satisfaction C. admiration D. gratitude 10. A. devotion B. generosity C. courage D. sharing 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者把钥匙和手机锁在车内陷入困境，青少年热心相助且拒收报酬，其慷慨善举令人动容 。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走到我的车旁时，一阵恐慌涌上心头。我把钥匙和手机锁在车里了。A. placed放置；B. hidden隐藏；C. stored储存；D. locked锁。根据上文“As I reached my car, a wave of panic washed over me.” 以及常识可知，作者因为把钥匙和手机锁在车里拿不出来了所以感到恐慌，locked符合语境。且从后文作者不能打电话叫妻子送钥匙也能推断出是把钥匙锁在车里了。故选D项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他停了下来，眼神中充满了关切。“怎么了？” 他问道。A. hope希望；B. sadness悲伤；C. concern关切；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下文“‘What’s wrong?’ he asked.”可知，这个青少年停下来询问作者怎么了，说明他对作者的情况表示关切，concern符合语境。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我深深地叹了口气，解释了我相当不幸的处境。A. unfortunate不幸的；B. dangerous危险的；C. adventurous冒险的；D. promising有前途的。根据上文作者把钥匙和手机锁在车里，以及下文“‘But even if I could call my wife,’ I added, ‘she can’t bring me the spare car key, since she’s taking care of our children at home’”可知，作者处于一种很不走运的情况，unfortunate符合语境。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“但即使我能给我妻子打电话，”我补充道，语气充满挫败感，“她也不能给我送备用车钥匙，因为她正在家里照顾我们的孩子。”A. relaxed放松的；B. exhausted疲惫的；C. excited兴奋的；D. defeated挫败的。根据下文“she can’t bring me the spare car key, since she’s taking care of our children at home”可知，作者既无法拿到车里的钥匙和手机，妻子也不能送备用钥匙，所以此时作者的语气应该是充满挫败感的，defeated符合语境。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他毫不犹豫地把他的手机递给了我。A. left离开；B. handed递给；C. sent发送；D. sold卖。根据下文“‘Call your wife and tell her I’m coming to get the spare key,’ he said. ”以及语境可知，这个青少年让作者用他的手机给妻子打电话，所以是把手机递给了作者，handed符合语境。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我难以置信地看着他。“那可是往返11公里的路程啊！” 我抗议道。A. disbelief不相信；B. anger生气；C. regret后悔；D. fear害怕。根据下文“‘That’s an 11-kilometre round trip!’ I protested. ”可知，作者对于这个青少年要去11公里远的地方取钥匙感到很惊讶，不敢相信，in disbelief 意为“难以置信地”，符合语境。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我焦急地等待时，一个小时似乎过得很慢。A. jump ahead向前跳；B. fly by飞逝；C. drag on拖延，过得很慢；D. come around苏醒，顺便来访。根据下文“I waited anxiously”以及语境可知，作者在焦急地等待，所以会觉得时间过得很慢，drag on符合语境。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他信守诺言，手里拿着钥匙回来了。A. returned返回；B. hesitated犹豫；C. disappeared消失；D. settled解决，定居。根据上文“he said, ‘Don’t worry about it.’” 以及“true to his word”可知，这个青少年说会去取钥匙，并且他信守了诺言，所以是拿着钥匙回来了，returned符合语境。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常高兴，立刻伸手去拿钱包，想给他一些钱作为我感激的表示。A. kindness善良；B. satisfaction满意；C. admiration钦佩；D. gratitude感激。根据上文“he 　8　 with the key in hand”可知，这个青少年帮作者去取了钥匙，解决了作者的难题，所以作者想给他钱表达自己的感激之情，gratitude符合语境。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个简单的慷慨之举可能会对某人的一天产生深远的影响。A. devotion奉献；B. generosity慷慨；C. courage勇气；D. sharing分享。根据上文“However, he firmly refused”以及语境可知，青少年毫不犹豫地帮助作者，还不要报酬，这是一种慷慨的行为，generosity符合语境。故选B项。 第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Whales swim by moving their tails up and down. This motion ____11____ (create) pressure pulses (脉冲) which harm their brains. However, whales find a way ____12____ (avoid) such damage. Research has revealed that a network of blood vessels (血管) in their brains plays a crucial role. It can maintain stable blood pressure, ____13____ (effective) reducing over 90% of the potential harm. This discovery also helps explain ____14____ seals, which don’t face the same issue, lack these structures. 【答案】11 creates 12. to avoid 13. effectively 14. why 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了鲸鱼通过特殊血管网络避免脑部受损的机制。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种运动产生压力脉冲，会伤害它们的大脑。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时，且主语为This motion，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填creates。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，鲸鱼找到了一种避免这种伤害的方法。名词way后跟不定式作后置定语，表示“做……的方式”。故填to avoid。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：它可以保持稳定的血压，有效地减少90%以上的潜在危害。修饰动词reducing应用副词effectively“有效的”，作状语。故填effectively。 【14题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这一发现也有助于解释为什么海豹没有面临同样的问题，却缺乏这些结构。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，表示“为什么海豹缺乏这些结构”，所以用why引导该从句。故填why。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “RouGui”, ___15___ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed to relieve pain and discomfort ___16___ (associate) with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, which makes it a must for those___17___ want to improve their immune system. 【答案】15. has been used 16. associated 17. who 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是肉桂在中医中的应用及其对身体健康和免疫力的益处。 【15题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在传统中医中，桂皮因其药用特性已被使用了几个世纪。主语cinnamon与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文for centuries可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been used。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它被认为是一种温暖的草药，这意味着它被认为可以缓解与寒冷和潮湿环境有关的疼痛和不适。此处associate与pain and discomfort为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填associated。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：肉桂可以协调身体的能量，增强整体健康，这使得它成为那些想要提高免疫系统的人的必需品。定语从句修饰先行词those，关系词在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Last December, I ordered a warm hamburger at a food store. As I left the store, I noticed there was an older poor gentleman ____18____ (sit) at the bus stop. Knowing it would probably be his only warm meal of the day, I ____19____ (give) him the hamburger. But all was not lost for me. Another customer offered me half of her hamburger. I was so delighted because I realised that ____20____ one way or another, we are all looked after. 【答案】18. sitting 19. gave 20. in 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者把一个汉堡给了一位贫穷的老人，然后得到另外一位顾客的半个汉堡作为回报。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我离开商店时，我注意到公共汽车站坐着一位贫穷的老先生。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词an older poor gentleman与sit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。 故填sitting。 【19题详解】 考查时态。句意：我知道这可能是他一天中唯一一顿热乎乎的饭，于是我把汉堡给了他。空处为句子谓语动词，根据文章可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填gave。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：我非常高兴，因为我意识到，无论如何，我们都被照顾着。in one way or another” 是固定短语，意为“以某种方式；不管怎样”。故填in。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分） 第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） A FREE FAMILY DAY PASS National Trust Looking for the perfect day out this March? Whether you love peaceful woodland walks, birdwatching, or discovering new places surrounded by nature, the National Trust has something for everyone. Thanks to this incredible offer, you can enjoy a FREE visit to a National Trust property of your choice. It will give you the perfect excuse to gather your loved ones and explore the great outdoors. Start your year by reconnecting with nature and making unforgettable memories with family and friends. Don’t miss out on this wonderful opportunity to experience the beauty of National Trust sites — completely free! HOW TO CLAIM Cut out the voucher (代金券) below and present at your chosen National Trust location. Some National Trust properties require advance booking, please check the property website for full details. Certain places are excluded (排除在外) from this promotion, details can be found at reachforms.co.uk/nationaltrustpass. FREE National Trust FAMILY PASS 1. This pass is single use and is effective once from the date of issue through to 31 December, 2025 inclusive. 2. This pass allows free admission at participating National Trust places for 2 adults and up to 3 children, or 1 adult and up to 4 children. Adults are aged 18 or over; children are aged under 17 inclusive. 3. This pass is for standard admission only and excludes parking, group entity, paid transport, and any paid events. 4. This pass is effective at participating National Trust places within advertised opening hours. Opening hours may be subject to change at any time and should be checked at nationaltrustpass.org.uk. 5. Present this pass to receive free admission at participating places. Pass holders who cannot present the pass, or visit an excluded place, will be charged the full admission price. 6. Only one pass per household will be permitted. 21 What can people enjoy with the National Trust’s offer? A. An outdoor activity close to nature. B. A birdwatching photography course. C. An exploration to national museums. D. A visit to a treasure-themed exhibition. 22. One can get free admission by ________. A. purchasing a digital pass on a website B. showing the voucher at the selected site C. submitting an application on the website D. joining as a member of the National Trust 23. According to the passage, the pass ________. A. allows free entry for a six-person family B includes free transport and parking C. is limited to one per household D. can be used more than once 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了英国国民托管组织（National Trust）推出的免费家庭日通行证活动。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whether you love peaceful woodland walks, birdwatching, or discovering new places surrounded by nature, the National Trust has something for everyone. (无论你是喜欢宁静的林地漫步，观鸟，还是发现被大自然包围的新地方，国民信托都有适合每个人的东西。)”以及第二段中“It will give you the perfect excuse to gather your loved ones and explore the great outdoors. (它会给你一个完美的借口和你爱的人在一起，去探索伟大的户外。)”可知，人们可以利用国民托管组织（National Trust）的这项优惠进行接近自然的户外活动。故选A项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据HOW TO CLAIM 中“Cut out the voucher (代金券) below and present at your chosen National Trust location. (剪下下面的代金券，并在您选择的国家信托地点出示。)”可知，人们可以通过在选定的国民托管组织的场所出示代金券来获得免费入场资格。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据FREE National Trust FAMILY PASS 中“Only one pass per household will be permitted. (每户只允许使用一张通行证。)”可知，每户家庭仅允许使用一张通行证，ABD选项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。 B For years, Robyn Elman, a nature advocate, has been passionately raising the endangered monarch butterflies in the cozy corner of her backyard. She collects the butterfly eggs from the milkweed plants — the only food for these delicate creatures — alongside the highways. Each time she goes on her journey to the highways, she hopes these little eggs, which are as precious as hidden treasures, will hatch (孵化) into many beautiful creatures. They will slowly make the group which is getting smaller gradually breathe new life. But reality destroyed her hopes last year. Instead of being greeted by the green milkweed plants, she was met with the desolate sight of mowed stubs (修剪过的草茬) and destroyed eggs. The milkweed plants had been cut down, and all left were short stubs. She felt a deep sense of loss. “Is there really no hope for these delicate, flying creatures?” she whispered to herself, her heart as heavy as a big piece of lead. Even as pain consumed her, Robyn remained determined. She teamed up with other nature lovers. They reached out to Frank Coniglio, the city’s director of highway maintenance, urging him to cut the butterflies a break. At first, Frank was doubtful. He thought, “How important can this be? What difference will it make? It’s just some butterflies and plants.” But as Robyn and her friends poured out their worries, and kept explaining the importance of the issue, Frank began to understand. He finally realised, “What happens to the butterflies is going to happen to us, isn’t it?”, as if a light bulb had suddenly switched on in his mind. Frank went to work on studying more about monarch butterflies, and finally he supported their cause, and took decisive action. He stopped mowing in certain areas, drawing an invisible line of protection. So far, around 20 patches of milkweed plants, like oases in the urban desert, have been protected across the city. “We’re making a real difference,” Frank said proudly. Thanks to their combined efforts, the monarch butterflies now have a brighter future, and the city’s ecosystem is on the path to positive transformation. 24. As a nature advocate, Robyn Elman ________. A. grows some milkweed in her backyard B. raises butterflies alongside the highway C. collects butterfly eggs and hatches them D. studies milkweed and proves them valuable 25. How did Robyn feel upon seeing the mowed stubs? A. Upset and disappointed. B. Angry and annoyed. C. Embarrassed and ashamed. D. Terrified and confused. 26. What did Frank do to help protect the monarch butterflies? A. He raised the awareness of the public. B. He studied the local natural ecosystem. C. He protected milkweed in certain areas. D. He moved the butterflies to a safe place. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Wildlife conservation takes a back seat to urban development. B. Government policies play a main role in wildlife conservation. C. The damage of habitats has long-term impact on the ecosystem. D. Commitment and cooperation cause positive ecological outcomes. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了自然倡导者Robyn Elman和其他自然爱好者共同努力保护帝王蝶的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“She collects the butterfly eggs from the milkweed plants — the only food for these delicate creatures — alongside the highways. Each time she goes on her journey to the highways, she hopes these little eggs, which are as precious as hidden treasures, will hatch (孵化) into many beautiful creatures.(她沿着公路收集马利筋植物上的帝王蝶卵，而这些马利筋植物是这些脆弱生物唯一的食物来源。每次她踏上前往公路的旅程时，她都希望这些如同隐藏珍宝般珍贵的卵能够孵化出许多美丽的生物)”可知，Robyn Elman作为自然倡导者，会收集帝王蝶的卵并孵化它们。故选C。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But reality destroyed her hopes last year. Instead of being greeted by the green milkweed plants, she was met with the desolate sight of mowed stubs (修剪过的草茬) and destroyed eggs. The milkweed plants had been cut down, and all left were short stubs. She felt a deep sense of loss. ‘Is there really no hope for these delicate, flying creatures?’ she whispered to herself, her heart as heavy as a big piece of lead.(但去年，现实粉碎了她的希望。她没有看到绿意盎然的马利筋植物，映入眼帘的却是修剪过的草茬和被毁的卵的荒凉景象。马利筋植物被砍倒了，只剩下短短的草茬。她感到深深的失落。“这些脆弱的飞行生物真的没有希望了吗？”她自言自语道，心情沉重得如同一块大石头)”可知，现实摧毁了她的希望，看到被修剪过的草茬和被毁坏的卵，她有一种深深的失落感，心里像铅块一样沉重，由此可推断她感到沮丧和失望。故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Frank went to work on studying more about monarch butterflies, and finally he supported their cause, and took decisive action. He stopped mowing in certain areas, drawing an invisible line of protection. So far, around 20 patches of milkweed plants, like oases in the urban desert, have been protected across the city.(弗兰克开始着手深入研究帝王蝶，最终他支持了保护帝王蝶的事业，并采取了果断行动。他停止了在某些区域的修剪工作，划出了一条无形的保护线。到目前为止，全市已有大约20块马利筋植物区域得到了保护，宛如城市沙漠中的绿洲)”可知，Frank通过在某些地区停止修剪，保护了马利筋植物，以此来帮助保护帝王蝶。故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Thanks to their combined efforts, the monarch butterflies now have a brighter future, and the city’s ecosystem is on the path to positive transformation.(由于他们的共同努力，帝王蝶现在有了更光明的未来，而城市的生态系统也正朝着积极转变的方向迈进)”可知，Robyn和其他自然爱好者通过努力和合作，成功保护了帝王蝶的栖息地，使帝王蝶有了更光明的未来。由此可知，从文中我们可以总结到“投入和合作能带来积极的生态成果”。故选D。 C Researchers from the NeuroMind Institute have developed a new system that uses predator (捕食者) robots to chase (追逐) larval (幼体的) zebrafish in an open water. This innovative approach is helping scientists study how the young fish rapidly learn and adapt in real-world conditions. Larval zebrafish are a valuable tool for neuroscientists because their transparency enables easy study of the brain and behaviour. However, it’s been difficult for scientists to study learning in these developing vertebrates (脊椎动物) — an important part of understanding how the brain works. Previous research found young zebrafish could learn simple associations. But this type of learning happens slowly and often unreliably, and it was still unclear whether days-old zebrafish can learn fast enough to use their memory in natural situations, like recognizing and avoiding new predators. The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics. The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat. Using this system, the researchers made an unexpected discovery that not only could larval zebrafish learn extremely quickly in a more natural context, but they could also do so just five days after beginning their lives as single cells. This was particularly surprising given the fact that a developing zebrafish larva contains just one percent or so of the neurons (神经元) in its adult form. The findings suggest that some essential learning abilities, like recognizing predators, emerge early in life and are critical for survival. Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn. It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats. 28. Why did the researchers develop a new system with larval zebrafish? A. To observe their hunting behaviours. B. To identify their simple associations. C. To examine their brain characteristics. D. To uncover their learning in natural settings. 29. What does the underlined word “dynamics” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Interaction. B. Function. C. Structure. D. Standard. 30. What can we learn about larval zebrafish? A. They can distinguish between robots and fish. B. They learn fast through a multi-regional brain network. C. They develop learning abilities when reaching adulthood. D. They can recognise predators with much neurons needed. 31. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. Explaining the robot design used in the experiment. B. Exploring danger processing in other species’ brains. C. Analysing the connection between learning and planning. D. Describing zebrafish behaviours in different surroundings. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员用捕食者机器人追逐幼体斑马鱼来研究其学习能力，发现其能快速学习，且多脑区参与，或可启示其他大脑。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics.(研究人员认为，在实验室中测试斑马鱼幼虫学习的传统方法可能无法有效揭示鱼类的学习方式，因为那里的条件与野生斑马鱼的情况相去甚远。为了模拟现实生活中的情况，研究人员使用了小型机器人圆柱体，其中一些被编程为显示捕食者般的特征)”可推知，研究人员开发新系统是为了揭示幼体斑马鱼在自然环境中的学习情况，因为传统在实验室的测试方法难以揭示它们在自然情况下的学习方式。故选D项。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat.(研究人员创造了dynamics：他们首先将一个静止机器人放在一条自由游动的斑马鱼身上；在机器人追逐鱼一分钟后，鱼开始避开机器人的区域一个多小时，这与追逐体验前的非回避行为相比发生了很大变化。当引入第二个不追逐鱼的机器人时，斑马鱼只是避开了追逐的机器人，表明它们可以区分威胁和非威胁)”可知，研究人员创造了这种dynamics，后面描述了机器人和斑马鱼之间的互动过程，所以dynamics在这里指的是机器人和斑马鱼之间的“互动”，与Interaction意义相近。故选A项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn.(进一步的脑成像显示，斑马鱼大脑的不同区域参与了这种快速学习：后脑是一个控制基本功能的区域，对接近的捕食者做出反应；前脑是一个与学习和规划相关的区域，对捕食者机器人的存在进行编码；缰核是另一个大脑区域，它发出回避结果的信号。所有这些区域都是学习所必需的，沉默其中任何一个区域都会剥夺鱼的学习能力)”可知，幼体斑马鱼的后脑、前脑和缰核等不同脑区都参与了这种快速学习，它们通过一个多脑区的网络快速学习。故选B项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats.(据信，这项新工作可以为其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解)”可知，这项新工作可能会为了解其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解。由此推知，接下来作者最有可能讨论的是探索其他物种大脑中对危险的处理情况。故选B项。 D Recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI) in Arizona, which produced the largest 3D map of the universe, suggest that dark energy — the mysterious force driving the universe’s accelerated( 加速的) expansion — might change over time. This challenges the standard model of cosmology (宇宙学), which assumes a steady acceleration. Dark energy is thought to make up nearly 70% of the cosmos, so if its behaviour really is changing as time passes, it could have significant implications for our understanding of the universe. Since the DESI data came out, researchers have been working on ways to explain the apparent changes in the universe’s expansion rate. Dark energy isn’t directly observable, so there are several options that could fit. One solution suggested by Michael Garda at the Federal University in Brazil and his colleagues involves letting dark energy interact with dark matter, an invisible and abundant form of matter that outweighs ordinary matter. This interaction is forbidden in the standard model, but if energy could flow from the universe’s dark matter to its dark energy — essentially changing the former to the latter — the researchers’ simulations (模拟) showed that this would match the DESI measurements. Yet, the mechanism for such an energy transfer isn’t clear. This solution might also help resolve the Hubble tension, a difference in the ways we measure the expansion rate of the cosmos. Measurements of this made by analysing nearby galaxies (known as “local” measurements) give an expansion rate, or Hubble constant, which is slightly higher than the one obtained from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) — the remaining radiation from the early universe. CMB measurements rely on a theoretical model of cosmic evolution, which may need adjustment if Garda’s proposal is correct. By allowing energy transfer between dark matter and dark energy, the adjusted model could bring CMB-based estimates more closely into line with local measurements, potentially resolving the tension. Another proposed solution involves dark radiation, an invisible form of radiation similar to light but composed of dark photons (光子). Tamar Allali at Brown University and his team suggest that dark radiation could explain the DESI data and lessened the Hubble tension by increasing the universe’s expansion rate in its early stages. “If you have more radiation, the expansion is faster in the early universe,” says Allali. Unlike adjustments to dark energy, dark radiation introduces a new component without changing existing physical laws, making it a more conservative approach. Allali notes that the DESI data does not rule out dark radiation and even shows a slight preference for it. Both models — interacting dark energy and dark radiation — fit the DESI data, but neither has been confirmed. Shawn Smith at the University of Edinburgh, UK, points out that while many unconventional models could explain the observations, none currently compete with the standard cosmological model from a fundamental physics perspective. Nevertheless, these models serve as catalysts for progress, ensuring that cosmology remains a dynamic and evolving field. 32. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. The development of scientific models to study the universe. B. The discovery of dark energy and its impact on the universe. C. The importance of DESI in studying the universe’s behavior. D. The attempts to explain the universe’s unexpected expansion. 33. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Garda’s proposal outperforms Allali’s in its simplicity. B. Recent research has found ways for dark energy transfer. C. The DESI data has confirmed the existence of dark radiation. D. The two models share similarities in reducing Hubble tension. 34. The passage is organized in the pattern of ________. A. cause — effect — solution B. problem— solution — evaluation C. example —a nalysis — conclusion D. introduction — comparison — result 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。DESI 数据表明宇宙膨胀有异常，科研人员提出两种模型解释，虽未证实，但推动了宇宙学发展。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in Arizona, which produced the largest 3D map of the universe, suggest that dark energy — the mysterious force driving the universe’s accelerated expansion — might change over time. This challenges the standard model of cosmology, which assumes a steady acceleration.(亚利桑那州的暗能量光谱仪（DESI）最近的发现绘制出了宇宙最大的三维地图，表明暗能量 —— 驱动宇宙加速膨胀的神秘力量 —— 可能会随时间变化。这挑战了假设宇宙是稳定加速的标准宇宙学模型)”可知，宇宙的膨胀出现了与标准模型不符的情况。再结合第三段“Since the DESI data came out, researchers have been working on ways to explain the apparent changes in the universe’s expansion rate.(自从 DESI 数据公布以来，研究人员一直在努力寻找方法来解释宇宙膨胀率的明显变化)”可知，本文主要讲的是对解释宇宙意外膨胀的尝试。故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“By allowing energy transfer between dark matter and dark energy, the adjusted model could bring CMB-based estimates more closely into line with local measurements, potentially resolving the tension.(通过允许暗物质和暗能量之间的能量转移，调整后的模型可以使基于宇宙微波背景（CMB）的估计值更接近局部测量值，有可能解决哈勃张力问题)”以及第五段“Tamar Allali at Brown University and his team suggest that dark radiation could explain the DESI data and lessened the Hubble tension by increasing the universe’s expansion rate in its early stages.(布朗大学的塔玛尔・阿拉利（Tamar Allali）和他的团队认为，暗辐射可以解释 DESI 数据，并通过提高宇宙早期的膨胀率来减轻哈勃张力)” 可知，这两种模型都在减少哈勃张力方面有相似之处，即都有可能解决哈勃张力问题。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出了问题，即暗能量可能随时间变化，挑战了标准宇宙学模型，宇宙膨胀出现意外情况；第三、四、五段介绍了两种解释宇宙膨胀率变化的解决方案，即让暗能量与暗物质相互作用和暗辐射的模型；第六段对这两种模型进行了评价，指出它们都符合 DESI 数据，但都未得到证实，且目前没有一个能从基础物理学角度与标准宇宙学模型竞争，不过它们推动了宇宙学的发展。由此推知，文章是按照“问题 — 解决方案 — 评价”的模式组织的。故选B。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Experts have warned that an obsession (痴迷) with healthy eating can cause mental health problems. A survey among mental health professionals found 90% of those surveyed, like in previous research, had seen patients with orthorexia nervosa (ON). ____35____ The survey found some patients cut out foods like fish, meat or dairy, considering them “unclean”. Their fixation on “pure” foods leads to deficiencies (缺陷) like iron-deficiency anaemia or vitamin B12 deficiency. For example, Dr Niket Sonpal found that his patients didn’t consume enough calories, minerals, protein or carbohydrates. Some patients even cut out entire food groups after the big dinners of holidays. ____36____ The term ON was coined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He noticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutrition, anxiety, and even death. ____37____ It poses a significant challenge. Healthcare providers may not be trained to spot the signs easily, and patients might not be aware their eating habits. As a result, diagnosis and treatment are delayed. ____38____ Healthcare providers need to be attentive to identify and deal with ON in patients, providing support such as nutritional advice, psychological aid, and diet-diversity education. The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. ____39____ True well-being comes from a healthy relationship with food, not an obsession with “clean” eating. By taking these steps, we can prevent mental health issues caused by fixating on healthy eating and promote a culture where food brings both nourishment and joy. A. Despite its risks, ON isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder. B. Some online health communities provide some self-treatment methods. C. ON patients showed doubled depression rates compared to non-sufferers. D. Media and social platforms can promote a more realistic view of nutrition. E. Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet should not simply be seen as a source of restriction. F. In light of the findings, the medical community and the public should take a balanced view on healthy eating. G. Basically, orthorexia is a fixation on eating only healthy or pure foods, or what an individual perceives as healthy or pure. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了健康饮食痴迷会导致心理健康问题。 【35题详解】 根据上文“A survey among mental health professionals found 90% of those surveyed, like in previous research, had seen patients with orthorexia nervosa (ON). (一项针对心理健康专业人士的调查发现，与之前的研究一样，90%的受访者见过神经性厌食症（ON）患者。)”引出了“orthorexia nervosa (ON)”这个概念，G选项“Basically, orthorexia is a fixation on eating only healthy or pure foods, or what an individual perceives as healthy or pure. (基本上，正统厌食症就是只吃健康或纯净的食物，或者一个人认为健康或纯净的食物。)”对 “orthorexia”进行了基本的解释，即它是一种只专注于吃健康或纯净食物，或者个人认为健康或纯净的食物的状态，符合上下文语境，起到了承接上文的作用。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“For example, Dr Niket Sonpal found that his patients didn’t consume enough calories, minerals, protein or carbohydrates. Some patients even cut out entire food groups after the big dinners of holidays. (例如，尼克特·桑帕尔医生发现他的病人没有摄入足够的卡路里、矿物质、蛋白质或碳水化合物。一些病人甚至在节日大餐后不吃所有的食物。)”描述了患者对“纯净”食物的痴迷导致各种营养缺陷，比如一些患者在假期大餐后甚至会剔除整个食物类别。E选项“Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet should not simply be seen as a source of restriction. (因此，专家们警告说，健康的饮食不应该被简单地看作是限制的来源。)”中“Hence”表示因果关系，“experts warned”与前文提到的专家发现的问题相呼应，且该选项指出健康饮食不应仅仅被视为一种限制的来源，是对上文现象的总结和专家的警告，符合语境。故选E项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“The term ON was coined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He noticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutrition, anxiety, and even death. (ON这个词是史蒂芬·布拉特曼博士在1997年创造的。他注意到病人的极端饮食会导致营养不良、焦虑甚至死亡。)”说明了“ON”的提出以及其带来的危害，下文提到“It poses a significant challenge. Healthcare providers may not be trained to spot the signs easily, and patients might not be aware their eating habits. (这是一个重大的挑战。医疗保健提供者可能没有接受过容易发现这些迹象的培训，患者可能没有意识到他们的饮食习惯。)”指出它带来的挑战。A选项“Despite its risks, ON isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder. (尽管存在风险，但ON并没有被官方认定为饮食失调。)”中“Despite its risks”承接上文提到的危害，“isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder”引出下文因为未被官方认可所以带来的诊断和治疗方面的挑战，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“Healthcare providers need to be attentive to identify and deal with ON in patients, providing support such as nutritional advice, psychological aid, and diet-diversity education. The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. (医疗保健提供者需要注意识别和处理ON患者，提供营养建议、心理援助和饮食多样性教育等支持。公众需要知道过度严格饮食的风险。)”分别从医疗保健提供者和公众两个方面阐述了应对措施。F选项“In light of the findings, the medical community and the public should take a balanced view on healthy eating. (鉴于这些发现，医学界和公众应该对健康饮食持平衡的态度。)”中“the medical community and the public”与下文的“Healthcare providers”和“The public”相对应，“take a balanced view on healthy eating”引出下文的具体措施，符合语境。故选F项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. (公众需要知道过度严格饮食的风险。)”以及下文提到“True well-being comes from a healthy relationship with food, not an obsession with “clean” eating. (真正的健康来自与食物的健康关系，而不是对“纯净”饮食的痴迷。)”，此处应是关于公众了解健康饮食的具体措施。D选项“Media and social platforms can promote a more realistic view of nutrition. (媒体和社交平台可以促进更现实的营养观。)” 指出媒体和社交平台可以促进对营养更现实的看法，是公众了解健康饮食的一种方式，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分） 第一节（共4 小题；第40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第43 题 5 分，共 12 分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 In the digital age, technology is transforming how we communicate and interact. What were once science-fiction tech ideas are now reality. In the 2002 film Minority Report, John Anderton used a data glove, and now touch-based computing is common. Similar gaming interaction methods have appeared since 2006. These are just a taste of what’s to come. MIT computer scientist Thomas Koffler predicted that virtual touch-based computing is the future of human-computer interfaces. He also suggested that an even more exciting area of research, one that will transform how we communicate with computers over the longer term, is so-called brain-computer interface (BCI). Today’s research on BCI works on a related idea: the brain makes use of electrical signals an electrical code, to send and process information. As the brain runs on electrical signals, assuming these can be accurately read, the signals thus allow us to communicate with external devices through the transmission of electrical impulses (脉冲) directly from the brain. In theory, it should be possible to use brain signals that move your arm and hand to control a robotic arm, e.g., to pick up a coffee cup. Research of this kind is ongoing. Cochlear implants (人工耳蜗), allowing the hard of hearing to hear, are currently the most widely available use for this technology. The principle of BCI enables brain signals to communicate with the implant, thereby overcoming the damaged part of the ear. In the future, it may be possible for implants in the brain to allow us to communicate directly with and control a wide variety of devices, using the power of thought alone. Today, computers and smartphones with fixed cameras enable real-time face-to-face chat. Next up could be telepresence robots, which let a person remotely see, move around, and interact. Ideal for tele-conferencing and remote site tours, their potential is clear. Ultimately, the driving force behind digital communication’s next stage is the cooperative intelligence that makes humans exceptional communicators. 40. According to Thomas Koffler, what will transform the way we communicate with computers over the longer term? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How do electrical signals allow us to communicate with external devices? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The principle of BCI enables brain signals to directly fix the damaged part of the ear. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Do you think BCI will make our lives better? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Brain-computer interface. 41. By transmitting the electrical impulses directly from the brain./ Through the transmission of electrical impulses directly from the brain. 42. The principle of BCI enables brain signals to directly flex the damaged part of the car. The principle of BCI enables brain signals to communicate with the implant to overcome the damaged part of the car, not directly fix it. 43. Yes, I think BCI will make our lives better. It can help disabled people regain certain functions, improve quality of life, and potentially enable more efficient communication and control methods in the future. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了脑机接口（BCI）技术的原理、应用及未来潜力，并探讨了数字通信技术的发展趋势。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“He also suggested that an even more exciting area of research, one that will transform how we communicate with computers over the longer term, is so-called brain-computer interface (BCI). (他还指出，一个更令人兴奋的研究领域，一个将在更长远的时间里改变我们与计算机交流方式的研究领域，就是所谓的脑机接口（BCI）)”可知，根据Thomas Koffler的说法，从长远来看，脑机接口（BCI）将改变我们与计算机的交流方式。故答案为：Brain-computer interface. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“As the brain runs on electrical signals, assuming these can be accurately read, the signals thus allow us to communicate with external devices through the transmission of electrical impulses (脉冲) directly from the brain. (由于大脑通过电信号运行，假设这些信号可以被准确读取，那么这些信号就允许我们通过直接从大脑传输电脉冲来与外部设备通信)”可知，电信号通过直接从大脑传输电脉冲，从而允许我们与外部设备通信。故答案为：By transmitting the electrical impulses directly from the brain./ Through the transmission of electrical impulses directly from the brain. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“The principle of BCI enables brain signals to communicate with the implant, thereby overcoming the damaged part of the ear. (脑机接口的原理使脑信号能够与植入物通信，从而克服耳朵受损的部分)”可知，脑机接口的原理是使脑信号能够与植入物通信，而不是直接修复耳朵受损的部分。所以错误的部分是directly fix the damaged part of the ear，应改为communicate with the implant, thereby overcoming the damaged part of the ear。故答案为：The principle of BCI enables brain signals to directly flex the damaged part of the car. The principle of BCI enables brain signals to communicate with the implant to overcome the damaged part of the car, not directly fix it. 【43题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答：你认为BCI会让我们的生活变得更好吗？为什么或为什么不呢？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：是的，我认为脑机接口会让我们的生活变得更好，因为它可以帮助残疾人恢复某些功能，提高生活质量，并可能在未来实现更高效的通信和控制方式。故答案为：Yes, I think BCI will make our lives better. It can help disabled people regain certain functions, improve quality of life, and potentially enable more efficient communication and control methods in the future. 第二节（20 分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的学校打算为外国留学生举办世界非物质文化遗产展示周（World Intangible(无形的，非物质的) Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week）活动，需要招募志愿者去介绍中国非物质文化遗产，你写信申请参加。 内容包括：1. 你对此次活动的看法；2. 陈述申请担任志愿者的理由。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, Learning that volunteers are wanted for the upcoming World Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week, I’m writing to apply for the position. I firmly believe this event is of great significance. It serves as a perfect platform to showcase the charm of China’s intangible cultural heritage to foreign students, fostering cultural exchange and mutual understanding. As a passionate enthusiast of traditional culture, I’m eager to contribute to promoting these precious cultural legacies. I’m confident in my qualifications for this role. Firstly, I have a profound knowledge of Chinese intangible cultural heritage, such as Peking Opera and paper-cutting. Secondly, my excellent English skills enable me to communicate smoothly with foreign students. Moreover, my experience as a volunteer in previous cultural events has equipped me with strong communication and problem-solving abilities. I would be honored to be part of this event and look forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生的学校打算为外国留学生举办世界非物质文化遗产展示周（World Intangible(无形的，非物质的) Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week）活动，需要招募志愿者去介绍中国非物质文化遗产，你写信申请参加。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 认为：believe→think 展示：showcase→display 渴望的：eager→thirsty 提高：promote→enhance 2. 句式拓展： 同义句转换 原句：It serves as a perfect platform to showcase the charm of China’s intangible cultural heritage to foreign students, fostering cultural exchange and mutual understanding. 拓展句：As a perfect platform, it can showcase the charm of China’s intangible cultural heritage to foreign students, which helps to foster cultural exchange and mutual understanding. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】 Learning that volunteers are wanted for the upcoming World Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week, I’m writing to apply for the position.(运用了现在分词短语作原因状语) 【高分句型 2】I firmly believe this event is of great significance.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$