2025年中考英语语法时态专题复习--被动语态综合练习（江苏省南京某名校）

被动语态

知识点总结

         概述

语态是用来说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或行为的主体。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。

 

         被动语态的常见结构

1. be+过去分词

被动语态较常见的时态变化(以动词ask为例)列表如下：

History is made by the people.

Nature would not cheat us, we are often cheated by ourselves.

In 2012, the 30th Olympic Games will be held in London. 

The term “Information Highway” was coined a few years ago.

Many international conferences are held in Geneva.

Modernism was invented in the 1920s by a group of architects who wanted to change society with buildings that went against people's feeling of beauty.

2. 情态动词+be+过去分词

If they managed to sell lots of copies, then the money from the record sales could be spent on food and other things for Africa.

First aid is the science of giving medical care to a person before a doctor can be found.

True friends must be carefully selected.

3. get+过去分词

这种结构多用在口语中，后面一般不接by短语。如：

To my surprise, he did not get hurt when he fell from the tree.

My watch got broken while I was playing basketball.

4. 短语动词的被动语态

原则上，英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是有些短语动词常用作及物动词，因此它们也有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。如：

We have brought down the price. (主动)→ The price has been brought down. (被动)

They will put up a notice on the wall. (主动)→ A notice will be put up on the wall. (被动)

A new training centre will be set up.

He was praised for his hard work.

Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

The soil is made from the dead leaves of the trees above.

有些由“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词，其结构比较松散，变成被动语态可有两种形式：一种是把短语动词看作一个整体，当作一个及物动词处理；另一种是不把这类短语动词作为一个及物动词看待，而是把该短语中的“动词+名词”结构作为“动词+宾语”来处理，将这个动宾结构变为被动语态。第二种方法常用于正式文体中。如:

We must take good care of the children. (主动)→ The children must be taken good care of. (被动)

Good care must be taken of the children. (被动)

We should make more use of this new technology. (主动)→ This new technology should be made more use of. (被动)

More use should be made of this new technology. (被动)

 

把主动语态变为被动语态时，句中谓语动词变为被动语态，及物动词的宾语变为主语。但某些动词(如：give, send,

pay, tell, buy, lend, offer, throw, hand, bring, get, make, leave等)有时带两个宾语，变成被动语态时，有形成两种结构

的可能：一是把主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语；另一种方法是把直接宾语变成被动结构的主语，但这时

候接宾语之前则应加介词to(可省)或for(一般不可省)。如：

Someone gave me a book.

I was given a book (by someone).

A book was given to me (by someone).

He bought me a present.

I was bought a present (by him).

A present was bought for me (by him).

主动结构中若宾语是一个that从句，变为被动结构时，可用it作被动句的形式主语。如：

It is believed that before writing was developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.

It is said that 125 000 people died in Russia as a result of illness caused by this accident.

It is thought that between the years 1550 and 1950, an average of one kind of living thing died out each year.

At all these centres it is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again.

或者有时可把主动句中宾语从句的主语变为被动句的主语，宾语从句中的谓语部分变为不定式短语。如：

People say that another bridge will be built over the river.

It is said that another bridge will be built over the river.

Another bridge is said to be built over the river.

 

         被动语态的基本用法

在英语中，被动语态远没有主动语态使用得广泛。被动语态多用于书面语，在口语中使用较少。被动语态的使用往往不是随意的，而是根据上下文所表达的思想，或描述的事物的需要来决定的。英语的被动语态常用于以下场合：

1. 强调或突出动作的承受者

More trees will be planted and new roads will be built by the people of Beijing.

New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.

Modern cellphones are more than just phones- they are being used as cameras and radios, and to send email or surf the Internet.

2. 不知道或无须说出动作的执行者(不带by短语)

In the USA 1.5 million copies were sold in the first fortnight.

Credit cards are mainly used to make purchases.

The boy was punished for lying.

3. 为使句子结构简练、紧凑，上下连贯，即出于行文的需要

By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.

There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south, but many of them have been closed, or are about to be closed.

She appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young artist from the States.

4. 在科技文献中，为了客观地描述事物及其过程，常使用被动语态

Second, electricity can now be made from the water which rushed through the base of the dam.

Cars of this kind were made in the eighties.

Other scientists had said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants.

The lake that has been made by the dam is about 500 kilometres long.

5. 被动语态还可以用在新闻报道中，为了体现新闻的客观性

In the hurricane last night a tree fell onto the cage where it was kept and in the morning it was found that the lion has escaped.

Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds.

6. 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态

When and where were you born?

The people of northern Canada are called Inuit, who came from Asia and settled in Canada about4000 years ago.

Food is made up of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

This book was considered to be an important summary of the knowledge of farming.

 

         一些特殊的被动结构

在英语中，及物动词的被动语态是表示被动意义的主要方法，但还有其他一些也表示被动意义的结构。

1. 主动结构表被动含义的动词

某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词，如：read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。

This pen writes smoothly.

In hot weather meat won’t keep long.

The door can't open.

The cloth washes well.

Clothes iron more easily when damp.

 

有些动词，如：cook, print, do等，常用主动结构的进行时表被动含义。

The cakes are baking.         The lunch is cooking.        The book is printing.

Fish is selling briskly.         A new car factory is building.

2. 动词need...+v.-ing结构表被动含义

动词need, require, want, deserve, be worth后续v.-ing的主动结构常表被动含义。如：