试卷2 洛阳市2023-2024学年第二学期期末质量监测试卷（无听力音频）-【步步为赢】2024-2025学年八年级下册英语真题期末抓分卷（人教版）河南专用

八年级英语 阅南·真题期未 )12. What can the atudens do at the party? A. Have snacks B. Give a speech C. Sirg along with the musir 洛阳市 试卷2 听下面一段对话,回答第13至第15三个小题。 )13. What is Maria's good lack? 2023-2024学年第二学期期末质量监测试卷 A. She went to a mseum. B. She mad a aciece book. C. She watched a movie on hiatorr 测减时闻:100分钟 测达总分:120分 )14. Why was Marin late for sehool? 题号 总分 A. Becauae she had a had dream B. Beease she staved up lamte to do homework. 得分 善 C. Heere ahr watched a film aheut Sarxini 一、听力理解(20小题,每小题1分,共20分) )15. Hor did the teecher punish( 别) Mamig? 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题.从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最 A. He let Maria elemn up the elaanon 佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 B. He asked Marig's poert lo oxme to school )1. Who put a handage on Bol's ait? C. He made Maria writr an rlanation ahort being lte B. The: doctar A. Bol's teacher C. Hob's elhssmate. 第三节 听下面一篇短文。按照你所听内容的先后顺序,将下列图片排序,短文读两遍 1 )2. Where did Teny vountaes during the urrmer vacalion? A. ln an uld peoele's home. B. ln a pet hosnital C. In a histor mnseum. . )3. What dhes the woran ask Tom to de? A. Fold the clothes. B. Clean the living room. C. Take out the ribbish B C D , , )4. Hos lomg did the man ride sery dny during the summer holiluy? 17 1 2. B. 20 kilometer. A.5 kilometrrs C. 100 kilometem 二、读理解(20小题,每小题2分,共40分) 。 )5. When will the band's newest recoed eome out? B. This Mr. C. Last Fridry. 阅读下面测篇语言材料,然后按文后要录解题 A. Last Aril. 第二节 听下面儿段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中断给的A、B.C三 A 个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话成独白读两遍。 0BS 听下面一段对话,回答第6至第7两个小题. ORBIS is a dariy(). h helps the people whn cm't se. The doetors and mrses in )6. when did the wuman sart to cough? the chariry fly to the poor places all over the woeld to help bind people. But they need lots of mon C. Thi: momint A. Yesberly aftemoen. B. Yesterday wening ey te do this, o the actors a: onBis hnpe that mare and more people can aise maney ar the )7. Hor olhen should the wonatn take the medicine? mport their wurh. A. Onor a day. B. Tioe a dnr. C. Thne tims a dy Detroit Public Hadlo 听下面一段对话,问答第8至第9两个小题 One way you can belps Detroit Pablic Badio is by wohnteering your time during one ef the 。 )B. How does the boy like soft msie? f sation's fmdraising[ 的) everts, such as wDET's Pledge Drive. We are always looking for A. It makes him tleepy. B. It makes him excited. C. h makes him full of energr ohrteers to help the station. )9. What does Molly adrise the boy to do? A. To liaen to some soit nusic. UNCEF B. To linten to some pop musie. C. To liaten to more rock music. Drited Natioes Interalional Chilln's Ememgenee Fad ( INiCsF) was et up n Deeerher 听下面一段独白,回答第10至第12三个小题 11. 1046 to help children in poor oountries. It helgs make the wodd a better plaoe for ehildren )10. who is the speaker? People can help UNICEF hy doing the volurteer work. B.Astudeat. A.A tearher. C. A henistet. Taichung Pi wy )11. where will the paty be heid} Arrone with an inkerest in helping animals out is weleome to join us. whether yoa want o B. lr the sports errier. C. In the center hall A. lm the edassrom. voluneer for a shnrt timr or a lrrg time. Hf you lwe amimals. pleasr jnin us! 题期未报分卷·八年级英语(R) 第1页(共8页) 高末抓分卷·八年级英语(即3)第2页(共8页) 13 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 127. when did Heller theokr the bottle into the ooam? )21. Whs does ORBts help from the passage? B. ln 1975 C. ln 1085. A. ln 1960 D. ln 2022. C. The draf. A. 'The old. B. The young. n. The hlind. )28. wht did Heller write dren on the pger? )22. What is WDET: Pledge Drive? A. School. name. age and nddress. B. Name. adlress. schosl and phone mumber D. A ehildren's hospital. A A hiod of car B a funlraisinr grer C A rio slatiron.. C. Name. ge. phooe mumber anl address. D. As fmly membes addrss and hone un 123. whirh af the following may Judy be intersted in if she loves animals a lot? )29. what did Heller grt the idet of writing the message from? D. OBBIS. C. A boek. A Taichunr Paws B. Detmi Pde Rade C LIixicEF A. Hi mmdlather. B. His friem D.A TV sh. )24. If Tim wants to helyi ORBls. what ean he do? )30. What does the passagr mainly want tn tell us? 1 C. Raise some money. D. Work for the station. A. A tript Hlriah. A. Hely the mues. B. Feed animls B. How to make driting bortle )25. what can wr know seoonding to the information? C. A atory about a drifting boetle. D. How to proteet the emiromnemt A. LiNICEF s set op to help the wild animals B. The doetors in the charitr po to the poor plgces h train Chinese trlitioral raper cuttng is an art of euting out pictures from paper with the help of a pair of C. Detmit Pablic Radio is alaays asking for doetors to help the stariom seissors or a knfe. In 2ooo, the Chinese paper cutting wa aled to the Bepresentative List ef the lrtangihd D. Hf you want to voharteer for s long time. you can join Taichung Paws Caltural Heritagr of Humanity(人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录) B Paner crting originged in China aod many people thiak it hegan in the 4th centurr with the isoes One mid-Nomember morning in 2o22. as old boetle ashed up on the shore ef Inlan River Lapoon tinn ef raner. But kng befare that. when paner wasn't irwented. Chinese peaple already used similar shal os the east coast of Florida. Tro teaehers fond it wle pickimg up waste. A hrnm pirce af pger was ia o cat an leanes amd silk. I reached top aring the Oing Dynasty. Therefore. irs ceally a long art fonn that if has been practiced in Chinn throngh mnry centuries. They wanted so threu it away. but then, they mee Karie Cammir and her family. The teachen gaoe The sobjects ef the paper cutings con be aaything. from historical erents anl fairy tale charactees to the bottle to Katie. Her 6-ear-old dauaghier was itierested in solvirg the mrstery of the mmsage in th plars and animals. The paper euttings are so vivid that they look like real ones. Pager cutting may sound hore rsy.but artally ir's difficalt to do wrll. By thr mrst week. afher ararehing online aml makimg several phome colle. the famly semt the maag Modem Chinrse artiets hawr nmer atoggsd trying in different wavs. Li Bardeng is a S4-vear-old foll back to ins omer. Troy Heller. He dhree it into the ocran 37 years ags artist."Traditional paper cuttings are often made with red paper. which seems to be a little boeing. So 1 Heler wrote the mesagr on paper hile he sms an vaction tellmg its fulre fimdees:"Call mr.a rant t make somethirg new."say. Li. She has made wceks in differert coloes wrie to me.”Heller pot dorn his name. age, phone rumber and his address in Louiswille. With his Through eenturies. Ohinese paper cutting has aho been introduoed irno many other eountries in Asia nmmiather hv his sile. Heller threw the bettle ino the ooesm and watchel it drih o, He didn't knos and Europe. Nor more and mor people love paper eutfing works sad buy them s gifts for their friends where it wos headed. hee boned soreone womld find hin 根据材料内凉选择品佳答案 Heller is mm 47 ears old. He doma't remember why he wanted to write it at that time. Bt he doe )31. What is mot meosary when you do paper culling aoeonlimg to the pauage? B. Pietureh. A. Kitrg. C. Scissor. remember being insgired( 发)by a TV showi from the 1o6Os called"Gillign's Island" D. Per. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 (s )32. When did paper ciming rach the top? )28. who found the ohd bottle? A.ln the 1630.. B. 0rrr 1.50 yems bg. A. Ts teachers. B. Katie Carrmrt. D. Tm Heller. C.A littlr gird. C. ln thr 4th cemry D. Dhring thr Oing Dhmaaty 4 题期末分·(B 第3页(共8页) 题期8分卷,八级其[B3 第4听(共8析) )a3. What's the meaning of the unlerlined woed"vivid" more diferent. In the elub. she amnd her friens 43 recipes[ 食谐) with people. They can lears hom B. Colorfil. C. Lithy. D. Rich. A. Betiful to cook from each other. Who 44 such an idea? She is Alana Lav a foodie( 美食家). )34. What does Li Baofeng do to dmelep paper citting? A: fist ahe tried to start ome when she was in New Yori City. 45 the idea did not work. Onee A. She uses new tools instead of scissors. B. She makes paper cutting more eoloeful he mosed so Laedon. she decided to give it another A6 . She told her friends about her idea. Lackily C. She mkes paper cming porlr anline. D. She uses 3D printing to muke paper outing her friends is London are 47 foodies. They were iriereeted in it, so the idra actually 4s thi ]35. Whieh part of a maraorine is the passagr probably from? time and things have been going well ecer since. It is a ao that ahe has had foe some time. At last,i A. Calture. B. ${ors. C. Mmfitine. D. Music. came trur and 50 all kinds of inspiration( 吴) for orher peogle. D Alana even alirted off her Cookhook Chb with a very funny 51 . She anted ts make aom Whle moat TV tatinne tey to attraet(引i) people hry many poplar atars. Henan TV has beeom rules."The first 52about Cookbook Cluh is.'Den't talk ahout Cookbook Club!"she said. But that popular by producing seven dance pieces highlighting强词) traditional eulture, such as Rhapsoly on is not 53 . so don't worry if you decide to join the cluh the Lno River Coddes. Do yon know what it is? 36 Yso Wei is the director(导演) ef the TV The whole thing ahost Alana's 54 is that people will ehoose their oum mcipes frore each ookbook. A: sation's Innvation Center. He was irrited to talk aboat hos the TV station had proloced the hit danee the chb weryone 55 n dish. amd then the groap ts trether to hare a pstluek daner( 百味). )41.A.ny B. dangereas C. gpeasirne pieces."The seven danoe pieees hnr gmt nearly 3o hillion hits. 37 "said Yas D. mrt )42.A.simplr -The pieces made an emstional effeet( 情感影响) oe peaple and most of them wrre born beneen B. delieios C._imr 斑 D. diffcult 1905 amd 2ooo.'Yao said.-Young people are grnring s with an open mind.38"he added."What )43. A. prctier B.tmgar: C. thrr: D. mert C. gt on with we rerd to do is to show Chinese culture in more interesting ways." B. took eare of )44. A. came p with D. tok prt in C. B._f Yan pointsd out that they are using ner ways ef telling stoeies ahout tralitional Chirese culture )45.A.o 1 D.hut )46.A. chanee 30 And he thinks another key to suecesfully raching young peoele is uaing social medin plafom B. chgice C. thmge D. cheek B.lo )47.A.still C. nally (社交现体平台) to mne up the shous."Soeial mola is being shaped and driven by young people. o D. lr )4.A.lived B. pila_r C. orar When ther loo thrsa their honis they tri hecont irtensbid in viden. "Yao id D. assed C. hibhg B. lrson 根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填人文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章查思通顺、内容 )4.A. dream D. rme )50.A. picked B.ked C.td 完整. D. pmrild )51. A. derisisn A. That's a big sucioess for Henan TV. B. excuse Ci. jgle D. tr )52.A.r B.r C. mstiot B. lt is a two-minute arderwtrr danoe. _ D.plm B. honrst C. fhmmy )53.A.tre C. ls a powrrfil wr of oommunicatian D. relnsr B.idra D. And thev aceigt Chinre ckure eaxily and are prnd of it. )54.A. mitakt C. nrrint 2 n. hli )55.A.receive L. They are also changing their shous to atrart yong peopir. B. serhes C.reriers r D. mrpares 2m 37. 3{ 2s. 4. 四、语篇填空(15小题,每小题1分,共15分) 三、完形填空(15小题,每小题1分,共15分) 第一节 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文避顺、意思完整,每 先通读短文.掌握其大意,然后从A.B.C.D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳 空限填一词,每词限用一次。 霜。 fmily mach she mry hut harly sr prwie ar helr ....... A: we grow older. it can be hander and harder to get our friends together. That's what makes a 1.......1...........- womar's simple ilea aich a (n) 41 one. Oi lnr 2o ol zhoe fauirei was aaned the hichest honer af CpC -the hh I Medd in thr fam She creaied a"Cookbok Chb". h is the 47 thing as a book ehb. but there it somethimg far Hall of te Peape. She is the 36 persn is Chir to sl us fme senior high achool lor paor girs 题期未报分来.八年级英语(R) 第5页(共8页) 末抓分卷,八年级英语(B)第6页(共8页) 15 Zhang Guimei waa bom in 1os7 in Madanjiarg. Heilongiang Proviace. ln 1o74. she 57 Yunnan 五、补全对话(5小题,每小题2分,共10分) Proince aod hegan to work there the nest year. In 19s3. she became a school teacher. She loved her jol 根然下面的对话情量,在铅个空白处填上一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯,完整。 nmd worked very hard. She is trict 5 kind to all her atudeals. A. Hi.Marh! Yei didn' eomr to achosl vestenlay. 71. While Zhang Gaimei was working in Haaping Couaty. she notioed that many girs from poor 50 B:I ws il. And I had a reat for to dirs. couldr't afford to o schooi. So ahe ramr up with the ilen of starting a frer schosl for then. Hrweer A:72. many people thought she was erary at first. because they believed thar 60 a school was not easy and B.I feei much bester now. But I till feel weak and tired needed lols of money. In order ho raise money, she had to ask fee 6l everywhere aad snve every ooin A. Why sot tke a few moer drs oif 2 a the same time. With the help of the local gmenment, she atarted Huaping Senior High School far Girls B:7. in 2oos. The school 62 not only free education bat also necesury dnily things for its studenls A: Don't wory. I can help you with orar leooons. Zhang Guimei hus been so busy that she eis 63 have any time for a gool mst aince her wehoo B74. as started. She loves her stulents aad there is a special teacherstulent relatioaship bemeen them. Her A:By the way hoe do yon perpare for the book sharing meeting this aftemoon? .tuders all eall 64 mothr B.Ive prepare for it for two weeks. I like reading. you know. 75 Aher yrars of hord work the school has male gmt aehieoements. In the past fifheen years . as 65 as A:l'm a little nerous. I'm afraid to speak in front of people. 2. oo0 soor girls frm the school have enlerel univerities or eolleges. As a result. their life has been B:Dom't be nervous. IPll cheer for you hnpd 六、书面达(20分) 生活当中一定有许多事会让你感受到幸福和快乐,如阅读、音乐,运动等等。请以 . 第二节 阅读短文,根据语要求填空,使短文通顺,意思完整。每空限填一词. makesmebpp”为题,补全题目并根据要求写一英语短文 要点:1.为什么你喜政这件事: Maa peonle think suartr muie and wrxlern muaie srt nrardr the same. ln fart they gr twe differ emt kinds of music in Ameriea 2.这件事给修来什么影响 要求:1.内容包含所提供的信息,可适当发挥: Ther mme frem diflfrrat ratx uf America. Cauntr mrxis cures 66 the othrat ef America Brt westem masic oomes from the soutlweit ef Anerica 2.语意连贯,写规,字数80左右: Another diffennen is the ways of plnying them. Country music has 67 simple way of playing. 1 3.文中不得出现自已的直实辑名和学校名称 makes me happ 。 ues fewer intruments like gitars and harmonicas( I). Bot wealern music needs more 6s higge instruments. So ifs diffirulh for peogle to play them Country msic is folk music. 6o is the nxie that trvels in the country. Men and women ohen play it. However. there 0 much damcing in western music and men often play it. Hourver. country music anl ester music ufen ahare aimilar tmpics for sons. These wongs often tell he e of thr poor in Aserieca . _ n. 16 题期末分·提(1第7页(共8页) 题期分卷,八没其(B3第8听(共8析)receive them..”(当人们在说话时，不需要做任何 W:I have a fever. 事情，只要接受他们就好。)可知作者建议我们在 M:What did you do yesterday evening? 别人说话时不需要做任何事情只要好好听就好， W:It rained heavily when I went down to take out the 故选B项。 rubbish.And I began to cough. 35.D【解析】根据文章大意可知，本篇文章讲述的是 M:That's the reason.You need to take the medicine for 建议我们在别人说话时要学会倾听，倾听是连接人 three times a day. 与人之间最基础和最通常的方式。故选D项。 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 四、56.Though57.going58.dangerous59.threw W:You look tired.What's wrong? 60.stop 61.quickly 62.another 63.what M:My parents give me too much pressure about school. 64.him 65.more 66.is 67.and 68.for So I can't sleep well. 69.a70.to W:Life shouldn't just be about grades.Free time activities 五、71.I was busy preparing for the school sale like sports and hanging out with friends are important, 72.What will you sell too. 73.How long have you had it M:What should I do,Molly? 74.Yes.I have W:You should talk to them.Ask them why they put so 75.That's a good idea much pressure on you.Maybe you can try to listen to 六、One possible version: some soft music. One day my mother was not feeling well,so I M:I totally agree.I like soft music.It makes me relaxed decided to cook some noodles for her.First,I put a pot and sleepy. on the stove,added some water,then added the noodles 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 and waited.I went to my room and took out my homework Dear teachers and students,good morning.Our to do.It was easy.While I was doing my homework,I school will hold an auction at the central hall next smelt something bumning!I quickly went to the kitchen. It was the pot!I turned off the stove at once.But the Sunday.Everyone in our school can take part in.You pot was already black and all the noodles were stuck to can bring things that you want to sale.During this activity, everyone can bring food,snacks to share with each other. the bottom.When my mother came back,she saw the noodles and gave me a hug.I learned that we should You can also give away the things you don't need take care of things for our family. anymore.The purpose of this activity is to let students 试卷2洛阳市 understand the same thing can mean different things to 听力材料 different people.And always be a helpful person in life. 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答 W:I've been both lucky and unlucky since last Monday. 案。每段对话读两遍。 M:What's your good luck,Maria? 1.W:What's wrong with you,Bob? W:I've got a chance to watch a movie on history. M:I hurt my finger.What should I do? M:It must be an amazing one!But what's your bad luck? W:You should let the doctor put a bandage on your cut. W:I dreamed that I was caught by an alien last night. 2.W:Where do you volunteer during the summer vacation, When I woke up,I was late for class. Tony? M:That's too bad.Then the teacher may be angry with M:I worked in an old people's home. your excuse. 3.W:Tom,could you please take out the rubbish? W:He made me clean up the classroom. M:OK,Mom. 第三节听下面一篇短文。按照你所听内容的 4.M:I ride every day during the summer holiday. 先后顺序，将下列图片排序。短文读两遍。 W:How long did you ride? Have you been to Luoyang?Last winter holiday I M:About 100 kilometers. went to Luoyang to visit my grandparents by bus.Luoyang 5.W:What are you doing,Jimmy? is a very attractive city.The first night I went to Heaven.It M:I'm listening to TFboys'song. is also one of the most famous buildings in Chinese history. W:Do you know when their newest record come out? And I watched fireworks on the evening of the Spring Festi- M:It's coming soon,as early as this May. val.The most famous attraction in Luoyang is undoubtedly 第二节听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或 Laojun Mountain.So we also went there.You can't even 独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 imagine how beautiful the scenery on the mountain is.On 中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 the last day,we went to Xiaolangdi.It's 40 kilometers north 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 of Luoyang City.You can't believe how relaxing and peaceful M:What's the matter with you? place is.Luoyang is a wonderful city! 真题期末抓分卷·八年级英语(RU)·参考答案 05 参考答案 W:Yes.I'd like to borrow a book named Sleeping -、1-5 BACCB 6-10 BCAAC Beauty. 11-15 CACAA 16-20 BECDA 2.M:Hello,Susan.You look tired. 二、21-25 DBACD26-30 ACCDC W:Yes,I went to bed too late last night.I was listening 31-35 BDCBA 36-40 BADEC to music and forgot the time. 三、41-45 DACAD46-50 ABCAD 3.W:I think there will be fewer cars in the future. 51-55 CBABD M:Why? 27.C【解析】根据第一段“One mid-November morn W:Because people will take the subway more. ing in2022”(2022年11月中旬的一个早晨)以及 4.M:Olivia,have you ever been to your hometown 第三段“He threw it into the ocean37 years ago.. recently？ (37年前他把它扔进了海里。)可知海勒是在1985 W:Yes,I go back there once a year. 年把瓶子扔进海里的。故选C项。 M:According to what you see,have you had any 32.D【解析】根据第二段第三行“It reached top unforgettable sweet memories? during the Qing Dynasty.”(清朝时达到顶峰。) W:Sure.As for me,I think playing stones is my best 可知剪纸在清朝时达到顶峰。故选D项。 memory. 33.C【解析】根据文中第三段“The paper cuttings 5.M:Good afternoon.I'd like to buy a plane ticket to are so vivid that they look like real ones.”(剪纸如 get to America. 此…，看起来就像真的一样。)可知画线词汇意 W:We have two flights.One is at 15 o'clock and the 为“生动的”。故选C项。 next one is at 17 o'clock.Which flight would you 40.C【解析】根据前句“Social media is being like to take,sir? shaped and driven by young people.."(社交蛛体 M:I'd like the second flight,please. 是由年轻人塑造和驱动的。)可知空处应是说社 第二节听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或 交媒体有关的话题。选项C“这是一种强大的 独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 交流方式。”符合语境。故选C项。 中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 四、56.fnst57.reached58.but59.families 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 60.starting 61.help 62.provides 63.hardly W:You've been a member of the Green China,haven't you? 64.her 65.many 66.from 67.a 68.and M:Yes,I've been a member of the Green China for a year. 69.t70.is W:What have you done since you join the Green China? 五、71.What's wrong with you M:I've written a book about environment. 72.How do you feel now 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 73.Because I'm afraid I'll miss my lessons W:What do you think of reading,Mike? 74.That's very kind of you/Thanks a lot M:I like reading books.It's interesting. 75.Can you speak at the book sharing meeting W:However,as I know,the number of people who read 六、One possible version: books is going down.Well,far more people are reading Reading makes me happy online.Are you one of them? What made me happy was that I fell in love M:No,but I have to say the Internet is very convenient. with reading.When I was in Grade Seven,I was Especially the young people are using it instead of weak in Chinese.I often got low grades in the Chinese news papers,magazines and books. exams.This made me very worried.On a cold winter 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 aftemoon,my Chinese teacher Mr.Wang asked me to Monkeys are small animals.They look like man. go to his office after school.He gave me some advice They use their hands and feet to hold things and climb on how to study Chinese well.The best advice was trees.They are very quick at climbing and running.So reading every day.From then on,I began reading all other animals can not catch them easily.But monkeys kinds of interesting books and magazines.What's can not live without trees and forests.Because their food more,I wrote down some beautiful sentences from is fruit.And there are lots of fruits in forests.Monkeys them.With the help of reading,my Chinese improved a sleep in the trees.They live in groups.Each group has a lot and I was so glad about that. head monkey.When there is a danger,the head monkey 试卷3安阳市 will jump out to protect the other monkeys. 听力材料 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小 W:Good morning,can I help you? 题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 M:Yes,please.I want to buy a pair of trousers. 每段对话读两遍。 W:What size do you want? 1.M:Can I help you? M:Size L,please. 06 真题期末抓分卷·八年级英语(RU)·参考答案