Unit 4 History and Traditions Language points单词课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Tradition Language points 作者编号：33003 1. To learn the usage of some important words, phrase and sentence patterns. 2. To apply them into practice. Learning objectives 作者编号：33003 2 拓展词汇 1. _________ n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问v.迷惑；使困惑→___________ adj.令人困惑的→___________ adj.感到困惑的 2. _________ n. 防御；保卫→_________ v. 保卫→_____________ adj.防御的，保护的 3. ________ adj. 法律的；合法的→___________ adv. 法律上；合法地→___________ adj. 不合法的→___________adv. 不合法地； 4. ___________ vt.包围，围住；在…周围，环绕→______________ adj.周围的，附近的→________________ n. 周边环境 5 ___________ n.根据；证据→___________ adj.明显的；明白的 6.________________n.成就，功绩→___________ v.达到，完成，实现 7. __________ n.地方；地点；位置；→___________vt.找出…位置 8.______________adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→___________vt.使着迷 vi.入迷 puzzle puzzled legal puzzling defence defend defensive legally illegally illegal surround surrounding surroundings evidence evident achievement achieve location locate fascinating fascinate 作者编号：33003 9. ___________ vt. 宣布；通知；声称→____________________ n.通知，布告→______________ n.播音员，广播员 10. ___________adj.慷慨的，大方的→_______________ adv.慷慨地，大方地→________________n．慷慨；大方→（反）___________ adj.小气的，刻薄的 11. ___________ adj. 热切的，渴望的→___________ adv. 热心地，急切地→_________________n.渴望 12. ___________ n.诗人→___________ n.诗→___________ n. 诗歌 13. ___________ vt. 问候；迎接→___________ n.致意；问候 14.______________adj.感觉的;感知的→______________ n.感觉 15. ___________ n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使...拥挤→___________ adj. 拥挤的，挤满的 poet announce announcement announcer generous generously generosity mean eagerly poem poetry greet greeting crowd crowded sensory sense eager eagerness 作者编号：33003 1. puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑 归纳拓展： 1)in a puzzle感到困惑 a puzzle to sb.对某人来说是个难题 puzzle out 仔细考虑；琢磨出······的答案 puzzle over/about 苦思冥想;绞尽脑汁 2)puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困获的 3)be in a puzzle about...=be puzzled with/about...对...困惑 重点词汇 作者编号：33003 即学即练 单句语法填空 ①You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest _______ (puzzle) in our life. ②Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle ______ me. ③These scientists have been puzzling __________ how to solve the environmental problem. ④The _______ look on her face suggested she was _______ over the ________ maths problem. (puzzle) puzzles to about/over puzzled puzzling puzzling 作者编号：33003 2.break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱；摆脱 归纳拓展： break down (机器)出故障；(谈判等)失败 break in 插嘴；闯入 break out (战争、火灾等) 爆发 break up 拆散；驱散；使(关系等)破裂；解散；分手 break through 取得突破；克服 break off 断绝；中断；折断 作者编号：33003 ① The thief tried to ________________ the policeman, but he failed. ② The elevator ___________ and we had to walk up the tenth floor. ③ He happened to be in England when the war _________ and he just stayed on. ④ They hope to _____________ soon in their fight against the disease. ⑤ But I heard she __________ with her new friend. break away from broke down broke out break through broke up 即学即练 用适当的break短语填空 作者编号：33003 3.belong to 属于；是...的一员 归纳拓展： belongings n [U] 归属 n [C] [复数] 所有物；财产；财物 注意：belong to没有被动形式，也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接宾格代词或名词作宾语。但不能接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。belonging to做后置定语时，相当于含有关系代词+belong to的定语从句。 作者编号：33003 (1)单句语法填空 ①The house had belonged _____ her family for three or four generations. ②Many of her personal ___________ (belong) had been stolen. (2)单句写作 离开教室之前记得带走属于你的所有东西。 belongings to ②Remember to take everything that belongs to you before leaving the classroom. ①Remember to take everything belonging to you before leaving the classroom. 即学即练 作者编号：33003 4. as well as (1)as well as 用作连词时，连接两个并列句子成分，但连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前的主语保持人称和数的一致； (2)as well as用作介词时，可放在句首，与besides, in addition to意思相近； (3) as well 也；又；还（句末），意为“也，又”，常放在句尾，相当于too; (4)may/might as well do sth. =had better do sth. 最好做某事; 做……倒也无妨 与……一样好;和；也；除……之外 作者编号：33003 (1)单句语法填空 ①They visited some factories, hospitals as ______ as the school． ②The movie star as well as a lot of fans ________ (be) photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers． ③Students should develop their own interests as well as __ (do) their schoolwork． (2)单句写作 阅读可以拓宽我们的视野，还可以提高我们的写作能力。 well was do Reading can broaden our horizons as well as improve our writing skills． 即学即练 作者编号：33003 (1)in defence　　　　　　 保卫, 防守 in defence of. . . 为了保卫…… in sb. ‘s defence 为某人辩护 (2)defend v. 防御, 保护; 辩解, 辩白 defend sb. /sth. from /against. . . 保卫……免于…… (3)defensive adj 防御的, 保护的, 保卫的 defenceless adj. 不能自卫的, 无防御的 5. defence n. 防御; 保护; 保卫; 辩护 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ①In addition, firewalls are no defence ________ internal hackers． We shouldn’t forget the soldiers who died in defence __ our country. ②In time of war, lots of money will be spent on _______ and many measures will be taken ________ a country from being attacked. (defend)  完成句子 ③我们不应该忘记那些为保护人民的健康和安全而献身的医护人员。 We shouldn't forget _______________________________________ people's health and safety． of defence to defend against the doctors and nurses who died in defence of 即学即练 作者编号：33003 6. surround vt.围绕;包围 ① Living in beautiful and comfortable ______________ (surround), we feel very happy. ② They all went out to look for the lost child in the ______________ (surround) villages. ③The poet ____________________(被包围）a crowd of people, eager to hear his speech. surroundings surrounding was surrounded by (1)surround. . . with/by. . . 　　　 ……包围…… be surrounded by/ with. . . 被……包围 (2) surrounding adj. 周围的 (3) surroundings n. 环境 即学即练 作者编号：33003 (1) There is some/no evidence that... 有/没有证据表明...... in evidence 显眼；显而易见 (2) evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that... 很明显... ... evidently adv.显然；明显地 =obvious=apparent=clear 7. evidence n. 证据；证明 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ①There is no evidence ________ the meeting actually took place． ②________ (evidence), the Spanish team is likely to win the World Cup． ③The police are always ________ evidence at football matches． 单句写作 很明显他对发生的事一无所知。 that Evidently in It is evident that he knows nothing about what has happened． 即学即练 Evidently, he knows nothing about what has happened． 作者编号：33003 8. achievement n.成就;成绩;达到 (1)a sense of achievement 成就感 make an achievement/ achievements取得成就 (2)achieve vt.完成;达到　vi.成功 achieve one's success 获得成功 achieve one's goal 达到目标 (3)achievable adj.可达到的，可获得的 即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作 (1)Because of his hard work,the boy has made much __________(achieve) in his academics.  (2)Clearly,it takes hard work __________(achieve) your goal to become a singer.  (3)Climbing the mountain gives me _________________________(一种成就感).  achievement to achieve a sense of achievement 作者编号：33003 9. keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 keep back 阻止；隐瞒；抑制 keep/bear ... in mind 记住 keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 keep off 不接近；远离 keep up with 跟上；与……保持联系 拓展： fix one's eye on 注视；盯着看 keep an eye on 照看，留意；密切注意 have an eye for 对······有鉴赏能力 look sb. in the eye(s) 直视某人 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ①When shopping, keep your eyes ________ for those energy－saving machines． ②She was unable to keep ________ her tears, and wept freely． ③I managed to stick to the diet and keep ________ sweet foods． 单句写作 这就是为什么我们要时刻关注新的机遇的原因。 That's why we have to ________________________ new opportunities． open back off keep our eyes open for 即学即练 作者编号：33003 (1)in charge　　　　　　　　 主管; 看管 in charge of 掌握; 负责 in the charge of. . . 在某人掌管之下 take charge of 掌管; 负责; 控制 (2)free of charge 免费 (3)charge sb. for sth. 因……向某人收费 charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事 10. charge n. 费用; 主管; 指控 vt. & vi. 收费; 控告; 充电 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ①The computer company can’t be in the charge __ him because it is beyond his ability. ②As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t charge you ___ delivery. of for 即学即练 一句多译 我叔叔掌管一家当地的医院。 My uncle is in charge of a local hospital. A local hospital is in the charge of my uncle. My uncle takes charge of a local hospital. 作者编号：33003 (1)It's announced that... 据宣布…… make an announcement 发布宣告或通知 announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事 (announce的宾语只能是sth. 或that从句，不能加双宾语， “向某人宣布或通知某人”应用announce to sb.) (2)announcement n. 宣布，声称 announcer n. 宣告者；播音员；报幕员；解说员 11. announce vt. 宣布, 宣告; (尤指通过广播)通知; 声称 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ① After the president made an official_____________(announce), she expressed her personal opinion. 完成句子 ②I promise I’ll _____________________when I find a new job. 我向你保证, 当我找到新工作时我会告诉你们的。 句式升级 ③The authority announced that the new library which is under construction would be opened to the public next year. (主语从句) →___________________the new library which is under construction would be opened to the public next year.   make an announcement It was announced that announcement 即学即练 作者编号：33003 12.amount n.金额；数量 (1)“a large amount of十不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数，“大量的...” “large amounts of十不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，意为“大量的……” (2)the amount of ... ……的总数量 amount to 达到(某数量);合计;相当于 归纳拓展： 表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of , a large quantity of 等。 注意： ①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词; ②a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数; ③a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 1. A large amount of money ____ (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week. 2. Large amounts of money ____ (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week. 即学即练 were was 3. The amount of money spent on it _____ 1 million. was 4. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted 4.56 million. to 作者编号：33003 13.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理vi.靠近 1)an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径 at the approach of .. 在快到……的时候 make approaches to sb. 接近某人;与某人打交道 approach sb. for sth. 为某事找某人 approach a problem处理问题 (2)approachable adj. 可接近的;友好的 注意：approach,way,means,method等在表达“(做)某事的方法”时各自的搭配分别是: ①the approach to (doing) sth. ②the way to do/of (doing) sth. ③the means of (doing) sth. ④the method of (doing) sth. 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ①With winter ___________ (approach), many animals are storing food. ②All the approaches __ the airport were blocked by the police. ③At the meeting they discussed three different __________ (approach) to the study of mathematics. ④We need to try other approaches to _______ (solve) the problem. approaching to approaches solving 即学即练 作者编号：33003 14. generous adj. 慷慨的, 大方的 (1)be generous with sth. 　　　　 在某方面大方 be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事 It’s generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨 (2)generously adv. 慷慨地, 大方地 (3)generosity n. 慷慨, 大方 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ①It was generous __ him to contribute a lot of money to the rural schools. ②He is very ________, and he treats his friends with _________ and thoughtfulness. (generous) 完成句子 ③I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing ________________ ____________.   我乐意带你游玩北京以报答你的慷慨相助。 of generous generosity in reward for your generous help 即学即练 作者编号：33003 15. eager adj. 热切地，渴望地 单句语法填空 ① Some of us were confident and eager__________( take) part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. ② I wasn’t able to hide my__________(eager) when I asked, "What do you wish me to do now?” to take eagerness (1)be eager for... 渴望某物 be eager to do sth.渴望做某事 (2)eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地；热心地 eagerness n. 渴望；热心 拓展 “渴望”的其他表达 long to/ for be dying to / for be thirsty to / for have a strong desire to do 即学即练 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ① The countryside _____________(dot)with small villages. was/is dotted ② The company was fined because they ___________(make) false information. ③ Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she makes up ____ it with hard work. had made for 16. dot n. 点 v. 加点，遍布 即学即练 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ① Buses here are always crowded________passengers, so I prefer to cycle to work. ② Many people_________(crowd) into big cities to seek their fortune, but most of them failed. with crowed 17. crowd n. 人群 v. 挤满 即学即练 作者编号：33003 1. So what is the difference between them, if any?   如果确有不同含义, 那他们之间的区别是什么呢? 【句型公式】 在if, when, once, until, unless, while, as if等引导的状语从句中, 如果主从句的主语一致, 或从句的主语是it, 谓语动词中含有be动词时, 有时为了使句子简洁, 可将主语和be动词省略。在被动语态中有时也采用这种省略现象。 重点句式 作者编号：33003 完成句子 ①Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? ____(如果赞同), write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.   ②_________(如果可能的话), try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.   ③He is ready to help others, seldom, ______(如果曾经有过的话), refusing them when they turn to him.   ④Is anybody feeling cold? _____(如果没有的话), let us open the windows.   If so If possible if ever If not 即学即练 作者编号：33003 2. There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. 【翻译】英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。 【分析】 There is so much more to learn…是“There be+主语+to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。 【归纳】 There be+主语+to do. (表示动作尚未发生) There be+主语+doing. (表示主动和进行) There be+主语+done. (表示被动或完成) 当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动语态和被动语态均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。 【仿写】房间的角落里有许多瓶子要清洗。 There are many bottles lying in the corner of the room to wash. 作者编号：33003 3. have sth. done I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken. 我需要一个新的护照，所以我不得不去照张照片。 （1）have sth. done的三种含义： 让/叫/使/请别人做某事； 主语遭受的损失或不幸； 完成或解决某事(主语可参与) （2）have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing 让某人/某物一直…… have sth. to do (主语)有某事要做 作者编号：33003 37 单句语法填空 ①I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and have my false teeth _____(fix)． ②I won't have you ______(make) the same mistake again and again. ③When his mother had him do his homework, he decided to have his light _______(burn) all night to pretend he was working hard. ④I have a lot of readings __________(complete) before the end of this term. fixed making 即学即练 burning to complete 作者编号：33003 38 完成句子 ⑤______________________________ by Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二以前完成此项工作。 ⑥Researchers ________________________________________． 研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题。 We must have/get the work finished have a very good way to deal with this problem 作者编号：33003 39 4. with复合结构 (教材P44)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle． “绿宝石(爱尔兰岛)”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 作者编号：33003 with its rolling green hills dotted with为“with＋n．＋done”复合结构。with复合结构如下： with＋n．/pron．＋宾补 He said goodbye to us with tears in his eyes． 他含着眼泪与我们告别。 doing to do done adj./adv. 介词短语 作者编号：33003 单句语法填空 ①With the boy ___________ (lead) the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home． ②With the key ___________ (lose), he had to wait outside the door． ③With so much work ___________ (do), I have no time for a holiday． 即学即练 leading lost to do 作者编号：33003 5. It＋be＋adj.＋that... (教材P44)With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining． 有了这些美景，爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。 作者编号：33003 It is/was surprising that...“令人吃惊……”，it在句中作形式主语，代指后面that引导的主语从句。it作形式主语的常用句式： (1)It be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important...)＋that... (2)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, no wonder...)＋that从句 作者编号：33003 ①It is obvious that the polluted air is harmful to our health． 很明显，污染的空气对我们的健康有害。 ②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I’m very delighted to know that you’re going to visit a Chinese family．It’s necessary that you should know about table manners of China． 听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。 ③It is a pity that I can’t attend your birthday party． 很遗憾我不能参加你的生日聚会。 作者编号：33003 完成句子 真奇怪，她竟然用那么无礼的方式跟她母亲说话。 ___________________ she should speak to her mother in such a rude manner． It is strange that 即学即练 作者编号：33003 6.  the way后省略that/in which的定语从句 (教材P40)They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses． 他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 (1)句中定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way，其前省略了关系词that/in which； (2)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略； (3)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。 作者编号：33003 ①The students didn’t understand the way(that/in which) the maths teacher solved the problem． 学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。 ②I’d like to settle the problem in a way which/that is peaceful． 我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。 作者编号：33003 一句多译 我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。 ①I don’t like _______________________________ you． ②I don’t like _______________________________ you．(in which引导的定语从句) ③I don’t like _______________________________ you．(that引导的定语从句) the way she speaks to the way in which she speaks to the way that she speaks to 即学即练 作者编号：33003 $$