2025年人教版中考英语复习现在完成时用法专练

现在完成时用法专练

一． .现在完成时的"完成用法"

        现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

如： He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况：灯现在不亮了。)

        现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ，this month ，this year...，today等)连用。

如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？

二．现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

        一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调的是过去的动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是现在的影响。

如：I saw this film yesterday.（强调：是昨天看的）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响：电影的内容已经知道了）　

She has returned from Paris.　她已从巴黎回来了。（She is here.）

She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。

The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）

The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调：动作发生的时间在过去）

I have lost my pen.(强调：我现在没有笔)

I lost my pen.(过去笔掉了，没说明现在是否有笔)

        现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用(before,just等除外)，但一般过去时可与表过去的时间状语，如yesterday,last week,three days ago,just now等连用。

如：A：Hello,Kate!Have you had supper?     B：Yes,I have.

A：When did you have it?   （When是一个不确定的过去时间）

练习：用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?”    “Yes.”

  “When ________ you __________ (have) it?”  “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”

2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”

  “Yes, I ___________.  I ________________ (write) one last week.”

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?”    “Not yet.”

4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?”     “Yes, just once.”

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.

6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.

7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.

8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.

9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.

10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?

11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “  “Yes, I __________ .”

   “Where _________you ___________(buy) it?”  “ I _________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”

   “When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?”   “ Yesterday.”                     

三．现在完成时的"未完成用法"

        现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的时间状语(由how long, since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：these days，up to now，so far)等。

如：1.He has lived here since 1978.

(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

2. I have taught here for 21 years.

（表示二十一年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）

3.She has passed the exam so far.　到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

四．Since 和 for 的用法

        1.since+过去的时间点

如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。

He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.

 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。

        2.for+一段时间（数词+量词）

如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。

I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。

 练习：划线部分用how long提问 

1)  I have been there for two days.  

_______ _______ __________ you __________ __________ ?

2)  My father has lived here since 2000.

 ___ ________ _________ your father _______ __________?

3)  He left here yesterday.           

  _________ ________ he _________ __________?

4)  They bought a book two hours ago.  

 __________ ___________ they __________ a book?

练习：用since和for填空

1)  ___________ two years   2) ___________two years ago                            

2)  ___________ last month         4) ___________ 1999    

5)___________ yesterday       6) __________ 4 o’clock

7)__________4 hours       8)__________ an hour ago     

9) __________ lunch time 

1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

五．现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词（即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词）。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等瞬间动词要转换成延续性动词。具体如下：

join ---- be a member of    buy ---- have       fall ill ---- be ill 

die ---be dead       catch a cold ----have a cold     borrow --- keep  

come ---- be here    come back ------ be back    come to China ----- be in China  begin --- be on    come to work here --- work here  begin to study here --- study    leave ---- be away （from）         leave here ------ be away from here

go to bed ------ be asleep            become a worker ---- be a worker                                                 练习：

        arrive at/in sw, get to/reach sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm 

come/go/move to sw.→be sw