高二英语期末模拟卷01（不含听力） -2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（上海通用）

2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末模拟卷01（上海） （考试时间100分钟；满分115分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Rescuing Relics(文物) Museums play an important role in preserving and showcasing cultural heritage. But have you ever wondered 1 museums get the works and relics that they exhibit? If the museum is sponsored by the government, the relics are probably collected under special laws 2 (protect) historical treasures related to that country. However, not all museums are sponsored by the government. More and more museums set up by private collectors 3 (spring) up in China since the 1990s. Typically, 4 these private museums are small, they give visitors the chance to see works and relics not found anywhere else. Songtang Li is one such collector who has put part of his private collection on display for the public. Some of the best examples of Chinese folk art he has collected over his lifetime 5 (display) in the museum he opened in an old 18th century house in Beijing. Whenever an old building was being torn down, Li would visit the site to see if there was anything from the building worth 6 (rescue). In this way, Li managed to gather thousands of folk art pieces, some of 7 are over 1.000 years old. Li began collecting folk art sculptures when he was young. The first pieces in his collection were two gate piers(门墩柱) 8 (carve) with historical designs. Li thought of 9 as his two friends. When Li was seven, the city told Li’s family to get rid of the piers so that the street could be rebuilt. 10 throwing them away, Li’s father allowed his son to keep them. Today, visitors to the Songtangzhai Folk Sculpture Museum can view some of the best relics Li rescued over the years. 【答案】 1．where 2． protecting 3．have sprung 4．although/though/while 5．are displayed 6．rescuing 7．which 8．carved 9．them 10．Rather than 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了博物馆在保存和展示文化遗产方面的重要作用，介绍了不同博物馆获取文物的方式。 1．考查连接词。句意：但是你有没有想过博物馆展出的作品和文物是从哪里来的？wonder 后接宾语从句，表示“地点”，用连接词where。故填where。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：如果博物馆是由政府赞助的，那么这些文物可能是根据保护与该国有关的历史宝藏的特殊法律收集的。空出为非谓语动词，special laws与protect为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填 protecting。 3．考查的语法知识点：现在完成时。句意：自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，越来越多由私人收藏家建立的博物馆在中国涌现出来。since the 1990s” 是现在完成时的时间标志词，主语 “More and more museums” 是复数，现在完成时结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，spring 的过去分词是 sprung，所以用 have sprung。故填have sprung。 4．考查连词。句意：通常情况下，尽管这些私人博物馆规模较小，但它们为游客提供了看到在其他任何地方都看不到的作品和文物的机会。前后句之间存在让步关系，“这些私人博物馆小” 和 “它们能提供独特展品” 形成对比，所以用 although/though/while 引导让步状语从句。故填although/though/while。 5．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：他一生中收集的一些中国民间艺术的最佳范例在他在北京一座 18 世纪的老房子里开办的博物馆里展出。“Some of the best examples of Chinese folk art” 是句子主语，与 display 之间是被动关系，即 “范例被展出”，且句子描述的是现在的客观情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是复数，be 动词用 are，display 的过去分词是 displayed。故填are displayed。 6．考查固定搭配 。句意：每当有一座老建筑被拆除时，李都会去现场看看这座建筑里是否有什么值得拯救的东西。固定搭配be worth doing sth.，表示 “值得做某事”，所以这里用 rescuing。故填rescuing。 7．考查定语从句.句意：通过这种方式，李设法收集了数千件民间艺术品，其中一些已有 1000 多年的历史。先行词是 “thousands of folk art pieces”，指物，在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，所以用关系代词 which 引导。故填which。 8．考查过去分词。句意：他收藏的第一批藏品是两根雕刻有历史图案的门墩柱。“two gate piers” 和 carve 之间是被动关系，即 “门墩柱被雕刻”，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填carved。 9．考查代词。句意：李把它们当作他的两个朋友。of 是介词，后接宾语，这里指代前面的 “two gate piers”，所以用宾格代词 them。故填them。 10．考查介词短语。句意：李的父亲没有把它们扔掉，而是允许他的儿子保留它们。Rather than表示 “代替，而不是”，后接动名词 throwing。首字母大写。符合句意。故填 Rather than。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising     G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 11 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 12 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 13 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 14 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 15 battle. Additionally, many people 16 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 17 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 18 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 19 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 20 of a paper during the process of writing. 【答案】 11．D 12．K 13．B 14．H 15．E 16．C 17．F 18．A 19．G 20．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了写作是一种可以通过学习获得的技能，而非天赋。 11．考查形容词。句意：如同任何技能一样，只要你有决心去学习，并给自己大量的练习，写作技能是可以学会的。空处修饰名词practice ，需用形容词作定语，表示“大量的”应用形容词extensive。故选D。 12．考查形容词。句意：这变成了一种自我实现的预言：他们的写作失败主要是因为他们给自己洗脑，让自己相信自己没有“天赋”。空处修饰名词prediction，需用形容词作定语，表示“自我实现的”应用形容词self-fulfilling。故选K。 13．考查动词时态。句意：许多人发现，要进行清晰写作所要求的那种深入、积极的思考是很困难的。空处作谓语，表示“要求”应用demand，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为clear writing，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：发现把思想和情感从脑海中转移到纸上是多么具有挑战性，这是令人沮丧的。it是形式主语，to是动词不定式符号，故此处用动词原形，表示“转移”应用动词transfer。故选H。 15．考查形容词。句意：对几乎所有人来说，出色的写作来自于纯粹的努力工作——决心、汗水和正面的努力。修饰名词battle，需用形容词作定语，表示“正面交锋的”应用形容词head-on。故选E。 16．考查副词。句意：此外，许多人错误地认为写作应该从作者的脑海中直接流畅地写到纸上。修饰动词believe需用副词作状语，表示“错误地”应用副词falsely。故选C。 17．考查形容词。句意：其中一个烦恼是交通问题，这似乎很有潜力，所以她开始写下想到的细节。空处作表语，需用形容词，表示“有希望的”应用promising。故选F。 18．考查形容词。句意：这让她想到了电影院停车场复杂的交通情况。空处作表语，需用形容词，表示“复杂的”应用形容词complex。故选A。 19．考查名词。句意：你可能正在写一个主题句，突然意识到它可能是你的总结性想法。空处修饰名词sentence，需用名词作定语，表示“主题”应用名词topic。故选G。 20．考查名词。句意：他们常常在写作过程中发现一篇文章的方向和形式。空处和direction并列，作宾语，需用名词，表示“形状”应用名词shape。故选I。 III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context In its best days, a visit to the London Trocadero was the highlight of many tourist trips to Britain. Opened in 1896, it was one of the grandest restaurants in the world. After a long decline it 21 in 1965. Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist-map once again: a 583-room hotel has come back. It is a(n) 22 of the hotel boom currently under way in London. The number of hotel rooms has risen from 129,000 in 2013 to 149,000 today. Last year occupancy rates reached their highest in a decade and average prices were higher than ever. The hotels’ boom is 23 , given the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers. Airbnb, the biggest such service, has 24 hotel revenues (收入) in some American cities by as much as 10%. By comparison, the impact of room-booking apps has been 25 in London. Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their 26 on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians. One reason is that there is a 27 of reasonably priced residential stock near London’s main tourist attractions, which are occupied by offices and mansions. And according to a recent report by Citi, a bank, the growth of Airbnb listings in London and other big European cities is already 28 , meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand. Hotels have also benefited from a change in the 29 of visitors coming to Britain. While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily. So although tourist spending didn’t witness a(n) 30 in 2015, businessfolk rose by 7% in Britain compared with the previous year. Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds, most businesspeople are travelling on expense accounts and 31 to spend. Meanwhile their employers, with a duty to ensure safety, remain 32 booking spare rooms, which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards. This 33 hoteliers nicely. But not all of them. Business travellers may not yet be switching to Airbnb, but they are 34 their costs. More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands. Even the once-luxurious Trocadero cannot 35 that trend. Having made its name a century ago selling nine-course meals to the upper classes, in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel. 21．A．evolved B．reopened C．boasted D．closed 22．A．advantage B．symbol C．origin D．criticism 23．A．sustainable B．nationwide C．surprising D．short-lived 24．A．forced down B．added up C．come from D．resulted in 25．A．explored B．promoted C．suspected D．limited 26．A．products B．discoveries C．tendencies D．properties 27．A．shortage B．possibility C．threat D．collection 28．A．beginning B．remaining C．slowing D．repeating 29．A．age B．gender C．type D．analysis 30．A．similarity B．increase C．difference D．decrease 31．A．happy B．reluctant C．careful D．sorry 32．A．certain of B．careful about C．expert at D．busy in 33．A．suits B．warns C．defines D．guides 34．A．looking up to B．cutting down on C．making up for D．settling down to 35．A．follow B．confirm C．explain D．escape 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦酒店业正处于繁荣状态，尽管面临共享经济竞争，但受游客类型变化等因素影响，同时商务旅客成本控制促使经济型酒店兴起。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在经历了长时间的衰落之后，它于1965年关闭。A. evolved进化；B. reopened重新开放；C. boasted吹嘘；D. closed关闭。根据前文“After a long decline”以及后文“Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist map once again: a 583 room hotel has come back.”可知，在衰落之后应该是先关闭了，后来才又重新回归。故选D项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是目前伦敦酒店业繁荣的一个象征。A. advantage优势；B. symbol象征；C. origin起源；D. criticism批评。前文“Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist map once again: a 583 room hotel has come back.”提到特罗卡德罗酒店重新开业，结合后文“the hotel boom currently under way in London” 可推知，特罗卡德罗酒店重新开业这一事件体现了伦敦酒店业的繁荣，是酒店业繁荣的一个象征。故选B项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到来自共享经济网站和应用程序的竞争，这些应用程序允许人们将闲置房间出租给旅行者，酒店业的繁荣令人惊讶。A. sustainable可持续的；B. nationwide全国范围的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. short-lived短暂的。根据后文“given the competition from sharing economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”可知，因为有共享经济模式的竞争，酒店业还能繁荣，这是让人惊讶的事情。故选C项。 24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最大的此类服务Airbnb，在一些美国城市已经使酒店收入下降了多达10%。A. forced down迫使下降；B. added up加起来；C. come from来自；D. resulted in导致。根据前文“the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”和“Airbnb, the biggest such service”可推知，共享经济对酒店业有竞争影响，所以提供此类服务的Airbnb使得酒店收入下降。故选A项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，房间预订应用程序在伦敦的影响有限。A. explored探索；B. promoted促进；C. suspected怀疑；D. limited限制，有限。后文提到“Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their   6 on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians.”，说明Airbnb在伦敦的影响力不如在巴黎，即其影响是有限的。故选D项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有0.5%的伦敦人在Airbnb上出租他们的房产，而巴黎人的这一比例为2.4%。A. products产品；B. discoveries发现；C. tendencies趋势；D. properties房产。根据前文“sharing economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”可知，这里指的是伦敦人在Airbnb上出租他们的房产。故选D项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因之一是伦敦主要旅游景点附近缺乏价格合理的住宅房源，这些地方被办公室和豪宅占据。A. shortage短缺；B. possibility可能性；C. threat威胁；D. collection收集。根据后文“which are occupied by offices and mansions”可知，旅游景点附近被办公室和豪宅占据，所以缺乏适合出租的住宅，也就是存在短缺的情况。故选A项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据花旗银行最近的一份报告，Airbnb在伦敦和其他欧洲大城市的房源增长已经放缓，这意味着伦敦人的闲置房间不太可能满足更多的需求。A. beginning开始；B. remaining保持；C. slowing减慢；D. repeating重复。根据后文“meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand”可知，Airbnb房源增长放缓了，才导致不能满足更多需求。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：酒店也受益于来英国游客类型的变化。A. age年龄；B. gender性别；C. type类型；D. analysis分析。后文提到“While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily.”，说明游客类型有变化，从普通游客和商务旅客的不同选择可以体现出来。故选C项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以尽管2015年游客消费没有增加，但英国商务旅客的消费比上一年增长了7%。A. similarity相似性；B. increase增加；C. difference差异；D. decrease减少。根据前文“While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily.”可知，伦敦游客减少，商务旅客增多，游客消费没有增加。故选B项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与愿意在Airbnb上预订陌生人家里的房间以节省几英镑的度假者不同，大多数商务人士是公费出差，乐意消费。A. happy乐意的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. careful小心的；D. sorry抱歉的。根据前文“Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds”和“travelling on expense accounts”可知，商务人士是公费出差，所以乐意消费。故选A项。 32．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：与此同时，他们的雇主有责任确保安全，仍然对预订闲置房间持谨慎态度，他们担心这些房间隐藏着滑楼梯、有故障的电器和其他危险。A. certain of确定；B. careful about对……谨慎；C. expert at擅长；D. busy in忙于。根据前文“with a duty to ensure safety”以及后文“which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards”可知，因为安全原因，商务人士的雇主对预订闲置房间很谨慎。故选B项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这正合酒店经营者心意。A. suits适合，合(某人)心意；B. warns警告；C. defines定义；D. guides引导。因为前文提到商务旅客乐意住酒店且雇主对闲置房间预订谨慎，使得酒店有更多的生意，所以这种情况正合酒店经营者心意。故选A项。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：商务旅客可能还没有转向Airbnb，但他们正在削减成本。A. looking up to尊敬；B. cutting down on削减；C. making up for弥补；D. settling down to开始认真做。根据后文“More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands.”可知，商务旅客在削减成本，所以推动了经济型酒店的发展。故选B项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使曾经豪华的特罗卡德罗酒店也无法逃脱这一趋势。A. follow跟随；B. confirm确认；C. explain解释；D. escape逃脱。前文提到商务旅客削减成本，经济型酒店兴起，结合下文“in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel.”可知，特罗卡德罗酒店也受到影响，无法逃脱经济型酒店趋势。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A A plague of rats is creating havoc in Karumba, a small coastal town in Queensland, Australia, where hordes of rodents (啮齿动物) are chewing on electrical wires and otherwise eating everything they can find — and washing up dead in massive numbers, creating a literal stink in the community. The long-haired rat eats shoots and leaves — and then leaves for the north, seeking more food, researcher Emma Gray of the school of biology and environmental science at Queensland University of Technology told NPR. Like an army, the mass of rats also has a very effective, and literal, force multiplier. Gray says they can “produce 12 young every three weeks when conditions are good!” “They come in waves,” Karumba resident Jon Jensen told the ABC radio station in Brisbane. “They almost seem trained and organized. They’re in numbers, mate, and they swim around in the rivers like little puppy dogs.” Everywhere they go, the rats eat — and eat. “They’re hungry, they’ve swum a long way, they’ve come across land a long way,” Jensen said, “and they’re eating anything and everything they can get their hands on.” Queensland’s topography, with a river system that twists its way to the northern coast, funnels the rodents toward the shore-and dead or alive, hordes of them arrive in Karumba, a fishing and port community on the Gulf of Carpentaria. Once they’ve arrived, there’s little anyone can do to curtail the plague. Traps have been set up, he said, but in the face of such multitudes, the measure “really is a token gesture.” However, “as quickly as the rats irrupt or ‘boom’ in numbers, so too do they decline or ‘bust,’” Gray said. The decline can be linked to several factors, from a change to dry conditions to increases in inbreeding and disease — and predators that feast on the rodent influx. Feral cats, for instance, are eating well. “Generally during a rat irruption, the area also sees a significant increase in the number of predatory birds,” Gray said. He added, “This year we have them in all their glory and can’t wait for them to disappear.” 36．Which statement about the rats in Karumba is true? A．The rats move randomly and lack organization. B．The rats gather in groups and reproduce rapidly. C．The rats eat abnormally but have no digestion issues. D．The rats have domestic characteristics and overeat. 37．Why does the rats’ migration end in Karumba? A．Because geological features of the river system bring rats there. B．Because there is enough food in Karumba for rats such as fishes. C．Because the northern coast in Karumba provides habitats for rats. D．Because the climate of the north is suitable for their inbreeding. 38．What does the author mean by “a token gesture” in paragraph 4? A．An impossible action. B．A worthwhile task. C．An ineffective method. D．A favorable behavior. 39．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To describe the rat plague has no solution. B．To analyze the reasons why rats are increasing. C．To imply a promising result of the plague. D．To show an evident upsurge in predatory birds. 【答案】36．B 37．A 38．C 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚卡伦巴镇鼠灾的严重性及应对措施。 36．推理判断题。文章第二段中“Gray says they can “produce 12 young every three weeks when conditions are good!” (格雷说，“在条件适宜的时候，它们每三周就能产下12只幼崽！”)”可知，它们的高繁殖能力，由第三段中““They come in waves,” Karumba resident Jon Jensen told the ABC radio station in Brisbane. “They almost seem trained and organized. They’re in numbers, mate, and they swim around in the rivers like little puppy dogs.” (“它们是一波一波来的，”卡伦巴居民乔恩・ 延森告诉布里斯班的澳大利亚广播公司电台，“它们看起来几乎像是经过训练且组织有序的。数量可多了，老兄，而且它们就像小狗一样在河里游来游去。”)”表明它们具有群居特性。故选项 B“The rats gather in groups and reproduce rapidly.(这些老鼠会聚集群居并且会快速繁殖)”最能描述Karumba的老鼠。故选B。 37．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Queensland’s topography, with a river system that twists its way to the northern coast, funnels the rodents toward the shore — and dead or alive, hordes of them arrive in Karumba, a fishing and port community on the Gulf of Carpentaria. Once they’ve arrived, there’s little anyone can do to curtail the plague. (昆士兰州的地形特点是有一个蜿蜒流向北部海岸的河流系统，这就把这些啮齿动物都汇聚到了海岸边。不管是死是活，大量的老鼠都涌入了卡伦巴，这是一个位于卡奔塔利亚湾的渔业和港口社区。一旦它们到了这里，几乎没有人能采取什么措施来遏制这场鼠灾)”可知，昆士兰的地形特点使得河流系统引导老鼠向海岸聚集，最终到达卡伦巴，即因为河流系统的地质特征把老鼠带到了那里。故选A。 38．词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“Once they’ve arrived, there’s little anyone can do to curtail the plague. Traps have been set up, he said, but in the face of such multitudes, the measure “really is a token gesture.”(一旦它们（老鼠）来了，几乎没人能阻止这场鼠灾。他说人们已经设置了捕鼠器，但面对如此庞大的鼠群，这项措施“真的只是 a token gesture”)”可知，设置陷阱在大量老鼠面前起不到什么作用，这种措施只是象征性的。所以a token gesture意为“象征性的行动”，即“无效的方法”。C选项“An ineffective method (无效的方法)”符合题意。故选C。 39．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“However, “as quickly as the rats irrupt or ‘boom’ in numbers, so too do they decline or ‘bust,’” Gray said. The decline can be linked to several factors, from a change to dry conditions to increases in inbreeding and disease — and predators that feast on the rodent influx. Feral cats, for instance, are eating well. “Generally during a rat irruption, the area also sees a significant increase in the number of predatory birds,” Gray said. He added, “This year we have them in all their glory and can’t wait for them to disappear.” (然而，“老鼠数量的激增或‘爆发’来得有多快，它们数量的减少或‘崩溃’就来得有多快，”格雷说。数量的减少可能与几个因素有关，从气候变干燥，到近亲繁殖和疾病增多，以及以突然大量出现的老鼠为食的捕食者的增加。例如，野猫现在吃得很好。“一般来说，在鼠灾爆发期间，该地区捕食性鸟类的数量也会显著增加，”格雷说。他还补充道，“今年老鼠泛滥成灾，我们迫不及待地希望它们赶紧消失。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了老鼠数量的迅速减少以及可能的原因，同时提到“今年我们等着它们消失”，最后一段的主要目的是暗示鼠灾可能会有一个乐观的结果。故选C。 B What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarism means using someone else’s work without giving them proper credit. In academic writing, plagiarizing involves using words, ideas, or information from a source without citing it correctly. Examples of plagiarism Why is it wrong? Copying parts of a text word for word, without quotation marks. It makes it seem like these are your own words. Giving incorrect information about a source. If readers can’t find the cited source, they can’t check the information themselves. Reusing work you’ve submitted for a previous assignment, without citing yourself. Though it’s your own work, the reader should be informed that it comes from previous research. Common questions about plagiarism Students often struggle with the details of quoting, paraphrasing, and citing sources. Below, we address some questions and misconceptions students often have about plagiarism. I need to quote and paraphrase a lot. Won’t my paper be full of distracting citations? It’s true that some papers do feature a lot of citations. There are ways to reduce clutter by citing more efficiently, such as: Not repeating the full citation when you cite the same source multiple times in a row Omitting citations for information that is common knowledge Is it better to just avoid using sources so I don't risk accidental plagiarism? No, using sources is an essential part of academic writing. Drawing on other sources, and positioning your own ideas in relation to them, is not optional. If you’re worried about the possibility of accidental plagiarism, make sure to: Manage and cite your sources using a citation generator Use generative AI tools responsibly (outputs may be detected by an AI detector)How to make correct citations? In-text citations should be included whenever you quote or paraphrase a source in your text. Author-date citations (used in APA) include the author’s last name, the year of publication, and a page number when available. Author-page citations (used in MLA) are the same except that the year is not included. Both types are divided into parenthetical and narrative citations. In a parenthetical citation, the author’s name appears in parentheses along with the rest of the information. In a narrative citation, the author’s name appears as part of your sentence, not in parentheses.Examples of different types of in-text citation Parenthetical citation Narrative citation Author-date (APA) The treatment proved highly effective! (Smith,2018, p.11). Smith states that the treatment was highly effective (2018, p.11). Author-page (MLA) The treatment proved highly effective (Smith 11). Smith states that the treatment was highly effective (11). 40．Which of the following actions would be considered academically appropriate and honest? A．The cited source in your essay can’t lead to readers checking the information themselves. B．You use generative AI tools to rephrase a text word for word without citations. C．You responsibly cite yourself when you reuse your own previous research paper. D．You include citations for information such as “Water freezes at zero degree Celsius”. 41．Which of the following in-text citations is correct? A．The evolutionary process consists of a series of incremental changes over a long period of time (Darwin,1859). B．Darwin believes that the evolutionary process consists of a series of incremental changes over a long period of time (1859,510). C．Evolution is a gradual process that can act only by very short and slow steps (Darwin,1859, p.510). D．Darwin states that evolution is a gradual process that can act only by very short and slow steps (Darwn,1859,p.510). 42．The passage is most likely to be included in ______. A．a news article about academic misconduct B．a legal document about copyright violation C．an advertisement for plagiarism-detection tools D．a writing guide or student handbook 【答案】40．C 41．C 42．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章全面介绍了抄袭的相关知识，包括其定义、表现形式、常见问题以及如何避免。 40．细节理解题。根据第一个表格内容“Reusing work you’ve submitted for a previous assignment, without citing yourself.(重用自己以前提交的作业内容，如果不引用自己，是不恰当的。)”和“Though it’s your own work, the reader should be informed that it comes from previous research.(尽管这是你自己的工作，但读者应该知道它来源于之前的研究。)”可知，当你重用自己以前的研究论文时，应该负责任地引用自己，这是学术上恰当和诚实的行为。故选C。 41．推理判断题。根据How to make correct citations?部分的“Author-date citations (used in APA) include the author’s last name, the year of publication, and a page number when available.(APA格式的作者-日期引用需要包括作者的姓氏、出版年份，以及如果可用的话，还包括页码。)”可知，C项“Evolution is a gradual process that can act only by very short and slow steps (Darwin,1859, p.510).(进化是一个渐进的过程，只能通过非常微小且缓慢的步骤来进行（达尔文，1859年，第510页）。)”符合APA格式的引用规则，包括了作者的姓氏、出版年份和页码。故选C。 42．推理判断题。根据首段“Plagiarism means using someone else’s work without giving them proper credit. In academic writing, plagiarizing involves using words, ideas, or information from a source without citing it correctly.(抄袭是指在未给予他人适当认可的情况下使用他人的作品。在学术写作中，剽窃涉及在未正确引用来源的情况下使用其文字、思想或信息。)”可知，此处介绍了抄袭的定义，结合下文介绍的抄袭的表现形式、常见问题以及如何避免可知，这是典型的写作指南或学生手册中的内容。故选D。 C In a recent study of healthy volunteers, National Institutes of Health researchers discovered that our brains may replay memories of learning new skills when we rest. NIH researchers mapped out the brain activity when we learn a new skill, like playing the piano. They found that during short rest, volunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity while practicing typing a code. The more a volunteer replayed, the better they performed in later practice. The study was conducted at the NIH Clinical Center. Dr. Cohen’s team used a sensitive scanning technique to record the brain waves of 33 healthy, right-handed volunteers as they learned to type a five-digit code with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair under a scanner’s cap. An experiment started when a subject saw the code “41234” on a screen and typed it for 10 seconds, then took a 10-second break. They repeated this practice and rest cycle 35 times. During the first few trials, the speed of correctly typing improved greatly-and then leveled off around the 11th cycle. In a previous study, Dr. Cohen’s team showed that most gains happened during short rests, not when typing. Moreover, the gains were greater than after a night’s sleep and related to a decrease in beta rhythms. In this new report, the researchers looked for something different in the brain waves. “We wanted to explore the mechanisms (机制) behind memory strengthening during wakeful rest. Several forms of memory rely on neural (神经的) activity replaying, so we tested this idea for procedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch. Ph. D．, a scientist on Dr. Cohen’s team and the study leader. Dr. Buch developed a computer program to understand the brain wave activity related to typing each number in the code. Interestingly, they found that more replay led to better performance. “We were a bit surprised by these results. Our results support the idea that replay activity during waking rest may help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly help stroke recovery. ” said Dr. Cohen. 43．What have NIH researchers recently found? A．The brain activity slowly flows when we learn a new skill. B．The value of short practice sessions can’t be overestimated. C．Short rest makes no difference to the neural re play of the activity. D．The frequency of brain replay contributes to practice performances. 44．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3? A．The process of the research. B．The facilities of the research. C．The application of the research. D．The preparations of the research. 45．Why did Dr. Buch develop a computer program? A．To distinguish the first 11 cycles from the later ones. B．To confirm the role of neural replay in skill learning. C．To explore the potential effects of procedural learning. D．To find out the reasons for the changes in brain waves 46．What can be inferred from the passage about the potential benefits of the research findings? A．Beta rhythms can directly cure stroke patients. B．The findings can boost office workers’ typing speed. C．People are likely to improve their new-language learning efficiency. D．The scanning technique will be extensively used to diagnose neurological disorders. 【答案】43．D 44．A 45．B 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项新发现，即当人们休息时，大脑可能会重放学习新技能的记忆。 43．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They found that during short rest, volunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity while practicing typing a code. The more a volunteer replayed, the better they performed in later practice.(他们发现，在短暂休息期间，志愿者的大脑在练习输入代码时会快速且反复地重放该活动的更快版本。志愿者重放的次数越多，他们在后来的练习中表现得越好。)”可知，美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员最近发现大脑回放的频率有助于练习表现。故选D。 44．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“During the first few trials, the speed of correctly typing improved greatly-and then leveled off around the 11th cycle. In a previous study, Dr. Cohen’s team showed that most gains happened during short rests, not when typing.(在前几次试验中，正确打字的速度大幅提高，然后在第 11 个周期左右趋于平稳。在之前的一项研究中，科恩博士的团队表明，大多数进步发生在短暂休息期间，而不是打字时。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了研究的过程，包括试验中打字速度的变化以及之前研究中关于进步发生时间的情况。故选A。 45．细节理解题。根据第四段““We wanted to explore the mechanisms (机制) behind memory strengthening during wakeful rest. Several forms of memory rely on neural (神经的) activity replaying, so we tested this idea for procedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch. Ph. D. , a scientist on Dr. Cohen’s team and the study leader. Dr. Buch developed a computer program to understand the brain wave activity related to typing each number in the code.(“我们想探索清醒休息期间记忆增强背后的机制。几种形式的记忆依赖于神经活动重放，所以我们针对程序性技能学习测试了这个想法，”科恩博士团队的科学家、该研究的负责人伊桑・R・布赫博士说。布赫博士开发了一个计算机程序来了解与输入代码中每个数字相关的脑电波活动。)”可知，布赫博士开发计算机程序是为了证实神经重放在技能学习中的作用。故选B。 46．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Our results support the idea that replay activity during waking rest may help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly help stroke recovery.(我们的结果支持这样一种观点，即清醒休息时的重放活动可能有助于个体更快地学习新技能，并且可能有助于中风恢复。)”可知，人们可能会提高他们学习新语言的效率，因为学习新语言属于学习新技能的范畴。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Iron Cooks Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors. 47 Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage. “We think we’ve hit the point where labor-wage rates are now making automation of those tasks make a lot more sense,” Bob Wright, the chief operations officer of the fast-food chain Wendy’s, said in a conference call with investors last February, referring to jobs that feature “repetitive production tasks.” Wendy’s and McDonald’s are in the process of installing self-service kiosks (售货亭) in locations across the country, allowing customers to order without ever talking to an employee. 48 The international chain CaliBurger, for example will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers. How many employees, though, do you need working in the cafe? 49 Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term? The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies (小房间)—an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers. 50 So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants. A．The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service. B．Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks. C．The better hope for workers might be that automation helps the food-service industry continue to develop. D．But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters. E．The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005. F．This has typically been the story of automation: Technology eliminates old jobs, but it also creates new ones. 【答案】47．E 48．B 49．A 50．D 【导语】本文是说明文。讨论了机器人和自动化技术在美国餐饮业中的应用及其影响。 47．根据前文“Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors.(机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店的原因与它们最初进入工厂车间的原因相同)”可知，后文应是介绍原因，所以E项“The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005.(近年来，机器成本大幅下降，自2005年以来下降了40%)”符合文意，介绍原因，并和后文“Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.(与此同时，由于一些城市和州通过了提高最低工资的法律，劳动力成本正在变得越来越高)”形成对比。故选E项。 48．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“The international chain CaliBurger, for example will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers.(例如，国际连锁餐厅CaliBurger很快就会安装机器人Flippy，一小时能做150个汉堡。拥有这家连锁店的卡利集团（Cali Group）首席执行官约翰·米勒（John Miller）说，员工不喜欢在厨房工作。一旦机器人在那里大汗淋漓，人类员工将可以自由地以更有针对性的方式与顾客互动，给他们带来额外的餐巾纸，并询问他们是否喜欢他们的汉堡)”可知，本段讲述机器人将接管肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务，所以B项“Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks.(企业主坚持认为，机器人将接管肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选B项。 49．根据前文“How many employees, though, do you need working in the cafe?(那么，你需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作呢？)”可知，后文应是回答，A项“The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service.(售货亭的早期成功表明，至少在订购快餐时，顾客更看重速度，而不是高接触的客户服务)”是通过其他例子，对前文进行委婉的回答，符合文意。故选A项。 50．根据前文“Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers.(最初，两名迎宾员驻扎在小隔间旁边，欢迎和指导顾客)”以及后文“So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants.(因此，该公司现在在其餐厅雇佣了一名迎宾员)”可知，前文提到有两人，后文变成了一人，所以空处应是解释原因，D项“But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters.(但随着时间的推移，顾客对迎宾员的依赖减少了)”符合文意，解释了变成一人的原因，和后文构成因果关系。故选D项。 IV. Summary Writing （10分） 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you? Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes, Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time, monotasking is the way for you to accomplish more in less time. Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less likely to make errors. So it’s a win-win for everyone! You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain's addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. Monotasking, focusing on one task at a time, increases efficiency and accuracy while enhancing enjoyment. Breaking multitasking habits requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨人们难以停止多任务处理的原因，指出多任务处理会降低效率、导致错误，阐述单任务处理的优势，并强调需要自律来改变多任务处理的习惯。 【详解】1.要点摘录： ① Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. ② Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes, Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not.. ③ Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less likely to make errors. So it’s a win-win for everyone! You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. ④ You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. 2.缜密构思：将要点①②整合为多任务处理效率低下的原因；要点③单独呈现单任务处理的好处；要点④作为改变习惯的方式，从而形成完整且逻辑清晰的概括。 3.遣词造句 Multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain's addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. Monotasking, focusing on one task at a time, increases efficiency and accuracy while enhancing enjoyment. Breaking multitasking habits requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Breaking multitasking habits requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus.（运用了动名词做主语） 【高分句型 2】Monotasking, focusing on one task at a time, increases efficiency and accuracy while enhancing enjoyment.（运用了while引导的状语从句的省略） V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．既然生活中压力不可避免，何不调整心态，积极应对？（why not） 【答案】Since stress in life is inevitable, why not adjust our mindset and face it positively? 【详解】考查固定句型。按照题目要求，“何不……”可以使用句型why not...；“既然”翻译为since，“生活中的压力”翻译为stress in life；“不可避免的”使用形容词inevitable；“调整心态”翻译为adjust our mindset，“积极应对”翻译为face it positively。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为Since stress in life is inevitable, why not adjust our mindset and face it positively? 53．我曾经对魔法故事很着迷，以至于废寝忘食。(fascinate) 【答案】I used to be so fascinated with/by magic stories that I neglected sleep and meals. 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。主语为I；表示“过去常常”应用固定短语used to do sth.；表示“对……着迷”应用be fascinated with/by；此处为结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”句型为so...that…；表示“魔法故事”译为magic stories；that从句主语为I；表示“废寝忘食”译为neglect sleep and meals，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故翻译为I used to be so fascinated with/by magic stories that I neglected sleep and meals. 54．与其担心可能的失败而畏手畏脚，错失良机，不如仔细计划，大胆行动。(rather) 【答案】Rather than hesitating over potential failures and losing chances, plan thoroughly and act boldly. 【详解】考查固定短语、动词短语和副词。分析句子可知，句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时；表示“与其担心可能的失败而畏手畏脚，错失良机”应用Rather than hesitating over potential failures and losing chances，其中本句使用了“rather than”结构，意为 “而不是”，后接动名词形式作介词宾语，hesitating over potential failures为动名词短语作介词宾语，意为“因可能的失败而犹豫不决”，losing chances为动名词短语作并列成分，表示“错失良机”；表示“不如仔细计划，大胆行动”应用plan thoroughly and act boldly，为并列的两个动作建议，祈使句，其中plan thoroughly意为“仔细计划”，act boldly意为“大胆行动”，thoroughly和boldly均为副词作状语修饰动词。故翻译为Rather than hesitating over potential failures and losing chances, plan thoroughly and act boldly. 55．尽管经历了起起落落，这位艺术家仍然致力于用他的画作给古色古香的建筑注入新的生命。(commit) 【答案】Despite experiencing ups and downs, the artist still committed himself to breathing new life into the antique buildings with his paintings. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定搭配。表示“尽管”用despite，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“经历了起起落落”用experience ups and downs，用动名词，作Despite的宾语。表示“这位艺术家”用the artist，作主语。表示“仍然致力于”用still commit himself to，句子描述过去的动作，因此时态使用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“用他的画作给古色古香的建筑注入新的生命”用breathe new life into the antique buildings with his paintings，用动名词，作committed to的宾语。故翻译为：Despite experiencing ups and downs, the artist still committed himself to breathing new life into the antique buildings with his paintings. VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李乐，学校即将举办科技节，想要向全校师生征文，主题为“对你生活影响巨大的科学发明”。写一篇文章，内容需包括： 1）你认为对你生活影响巨大的一项科技发明； 2）阐述你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                                                             The Scientific Invention That Changed My Life       Among various technological innovations, smartphones have exerted the most profound influence on my daily life. This pocket-sized device has become an indispensable part of my existence.     Firstly, smartphones revolutionize communication. Through instant messaging apps like WeChat, I can maintain real-time contact with family and classmates, sharing study materials and coordinating group projects efficiently. Secondly, it serves as a portable learning tool. With educational apps and online courses, I can access knowledge anytime, anywhere, significantly enhancing my academic performance. Moreover, mobile payment functions eliminate the need to carry cash, making transactions safer and more convenient.       This versatile invention perfectly illustrates how technology simplifies life while expanding our capabilities. It has fundamentally transformed my lifestyle and learning patterns, making me a true beneficiary of the digital age. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校即将举办的科技节写一篇主题为“对你生活影响巨大的科学发明”的征文，描述你认为对你生活影响巨大的一项科技发明，并阐述理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 创新：innovation→creation 影响：influence→effect 立刻的、马上的：instant→immediate 维持、保持：maintain→keep 加强、增强：enhance→strengthen 扩大：expand→enlarge 2. 句式拓展： 同义句转换： 原句：With educational apps and online courses, I can access knowledge anytime, anywhere, significantly enhancing my academic performance. 拓展句：With educational apps and online courses, I can access knowledge anytime, anywhere, which significantly enhances my academic performance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Moreover, mobile payment functions eliminate the need to carry cash, making transactions safer and more convenient.（运用了现在分词作状语。） 【高分句型2】This versatile invention perfectly illustrates how technology simplifies life while expanding our capabilities.（运用了以连接副词how引导的宾语从句以及连词while引导的时间状语从句的省略句。） 2 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末模拟卷01（上海） （考试时间100分钟；满分115分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Rescuing Relics(文物) Museums play an important role in preserving and showcasing cultural heritage. But have you ever wondered 1 museums get the works and relics that they exhibit? If the museum is sponsored by the government, the relics are probably collected under special laws 2 (protect) historical treasures related to that country. However, not all museums are sponsored by the government. More and more museums set up by private collectors 3 (spring) up in China since the 1990s. Typically, 4 these private museums are small, they give visitors the chance to see works and relics not found anywhere else. Songtang Li is one such collector who has put part of his private collection on display for the public. Some of the best examples of Chinese folk art he has collected over his lifetime 5 (display) in the museum he opened in an old 18th century house in Beijing. Whenever an old building was being torn down, Li would visit the site to see if there was anything from the building worth 6 (rescue). In this way, Li managed to gather thousands of folk art pieces, some of 7 are over 1.000 years old. Li began collecting folk art sculptures when he was young. The first pieces in his collection were two gate piers(门墩柱) 8 (carve) with historical designs. Li thought of 9 as his two friends. When Li was seven, the city told Li’s family to get rid of the piers so that the street could be rebuilt. 10 throwing them away, Li’s father allowed his son to keep them. Today, visitors to the Songtangzhai Folk Sculpture Museum can view some of the best relics Li rescued over the years. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．complex    B．demands    C． falsely    D．extensive    E. head-on    F. promising     G. topic    H. transfer    I. shape    J. accurately    K. self-fulfilling Writing as a Skill A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill, not a “natural gift”. Like any skill, it can be learned as long as you have the determination to learn, and give yourself 11 practice. People often fear that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. Such people typically say, “I am not any good at writing.” Often, the result of this attitude is that people try to avoid writing. It becomes a(n) 12 prediction: their writing fails chiefly because they have brainwashed themselves into believing they don’t have the “natural talent”. Many people find it difficult to do the intense, active thinking that clear writing 13 . It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to 14 thoughts and feelings from one’s hand onto the page. But writing is not an automatic process. For almost everyone, competent writing comes from plain hard work-determination, sweat, and 15 battle. Additionally, many people 16 believe that writing should flow in a straight line from the writer’s head onto the written page. But a finished paper seldom comes out in the first draft. The truth is writing is a process of discovery involving a series of steps, which are very often a zigzag journey. For example, Diane Woods had been assigned to write about an annoyance in everyday life. She did not know what specific annoyances she would choose; instead, she just began writing about them in general. One of those annoyances was traffic, which seemed 17 , so she began putting down details that came to her. One detail was the traffic she had to deal with in going to the movies. That made her think of the traffic in the parking lot at the theater 18 . At that point, it dawned on her that, instead of traffic, moviegoing itself was an annoyance. She switched direction in midstream and began writing down ideas and details about moviegoing. The point is writing is often a process of continuing discovery. You may be working on a(n) 19 sentence and realize suddenly that it could be your concluding thought. Writers frequently do not know their exact destination as they begin to write. Very often they discover the direction and 20 of a paper during the process of writing. III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context In its best days, a visit to the London Trocadero was the highlight of many tourist trips to Britain. Opened in 1896, it was one of the grandest restaurants in the world. After a long decline it 21 in 1965. Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist-map once again: a 583-room hotel has come back. It is a(n) 22 of the hotel boom currently under way in London. The number of hotel rooms has risen from 129,000 in 2013 to 149,000 today. Last year occupancy rates reached their highest in a decade and average prices were higher than ever. The hotels’ boom is 23 , given the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers. Airbnb, the biggest such service, has 24 hotel revenues (收入) in some American cities by as much as 10%. By comparison, the impact of room-booking apps has been 25 in London. Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their 26 on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians. One reason is that there is a 27 of reasonably priced residential stock near London’s main tourist attractions, which are occupied by offices and mansions. And according to a recent report by Citi, a bank, the growth of Airbnb listings in London and other big European cities is already 28 , meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand. Hotels have also benefited from a change in the 29 of visitors coming to Britain. While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily. So although tourist spending didn’t witness a(n) 30 in 2015, businessfolk rose by 7% in Britain compared with the previous year. Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds, most businesspeople are travelling on expense accounts and 31 to spend. Meanwhile their employers, with a duty to ensure safety, remain 32 booking spare rooms, which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards. This 33 hoteliers nicely. But not all of them. Business travellers may not yet be switching to Airbnb, but they are 34 their costs. More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands. Even the once-luxurious Trocadero cannot 35 that trend. Having made its name a century ago selling nine-course meals to the upper classes, in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel. 21．A．evolved B．reopened C．boasted D．closed 22．A．advantage B．symbol C．origin D．criticism 23．A．sustainable B．nationwide C．surprising D．short-lived 24．A．forced down B．added up C．come from D．resulted in 25．A．explored B．promoted C．suspected D．limited 26．A．products B．discoveries C．tendencies D．properties 27．A．shortage B．possibility C．threat D．collection 28．A．beginning B．remaining C．slowing D．repeating 29．A．age B．gender C．type D．analysis 30．A．similarity B．increase C．difference D．decrease 31．A．happy B．reluctant C．careful D．sorry 32．A．certain of B．careful about C．expert at D．busy in 33．A．suits B．warns C．defines D．guides 34．A．looking up to B．cutting down on C．making up for D．settling down to 35．A．follow B．confirm C．explain D．escape Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A A plague of rats is creating havoc in Karumba, a small coastal town in Queensland, Australia, where hordes of rodents (啮齿动物) are chewing on electrical wires and otherwise eating everything they can find — and washing up dead in massive numbers, creating a literal stink in the community. The long-haired rat eats shoots and leaves — and then leaves for the north, seeking more food, researcher Emma Gray of the school of biology and environmental science at Queensland University of Technology told NPR. Like an army, the mass of rats also has a very effective, and literal, force multiplier. Gray says they can “produce 12 young every three weeks when conditions are good!” “They come in waves,” Karumba resident Jon Jensen told the ABC radio station in Brisbane. “They almost seem trained and organized. They’re in numbers, mate, and they swim around in the rivers like little puppy dogs.” Everywhere they go, the rats eat — and eat. “They’re hungry, they’ve swum a long way, they’ve come across land a long way,” Jensen said, “and they’re eating anything and everything they can get their hands on.” Queensland’s topography, with a river system that twists its way to the northern coast, funnels the rodents toward the shore-and dead or alive, hordes of them arrive in Karumba, a fishing and port community on the Gulf of Carpentaria. Once they’ve arrived, there’s little anyone can do to curtail the plague. Traps have been set up, he said, but in the face of such multitudes, the measure “really is a token gesture.” However, “as quickly as the rats irrupt or ‘boom’ in numbers, so too do they decline or ‘bust,’” Gray said. The decline can be linked to several factors, from a change to dry conditions to increases in inbreeding and disease — and predators that feast on the rodent influx. Feral cats, for instance, are eating well. “Generally during a rat irruption, the area also sees a significant increase in the number of predatory birds,” Gray said. He added, “This year we have them in all their glory and can’t wait for them to disappear.” 36．Which statement about the rats in Karumba is true? A．The rats move randomly and lack organization. B．The rats gather in groups and reproduce rapidly. C．The rats eat abnormally but have no digestion issues. D．The rats have domestic characteristics and overeat. 37．Why does the rats’ migration end in Karumba? A．Because geological features of the river system bring rats there. B．Because there is enough food in Karumba for rats such as fishes. C．Because the northern coast in Karumba provides habitats for rats. D．Because the climate of the north is suitable for their inbreeding. 38．What does the author mean by “a token gesture” in paragraph 4? A．An impossible action. B．A worthwhile task. C．An ineffective method. D．A favorable behavior. 39．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To describe the rat plague has no solution. B．To analyze the reasons why rats are increasing. C．To imply a promising result of the plague. D．To show an evident upsurge in predatory birds. B What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarism means using someone else’s work without giving them proper credit. In academic writing, plagiarizing involves using words, ideas, or information from a source without citing it correctly. Examples of plagiarism Why is it wrong? Copying parts of a text word for word, without quotation marks. It makes it seem like these are your own words. Giving incorrect information about a source. If readers can’t find the cited source, they can’t check the information themselves. Reusing work you’ve submitted for a previous assignment, without citing yourself. Though it’s your own work, the reader should be informed that it comes from previous research. Common questions about plagiarism Students often struggle with the details of quoting, paraphrasing, and citing sources. Below, we address some questions and misconceptions students often have about plagiarism. I need to quote and paraphrase a lot. Won’t my paper be full of distracting citations? It’s true that some papers do feature a lot of citations. There are ways to reduce clutter by citing more efficiently, such as: Not repeating the full citation when you cite the same source multiple times in a row Omitting citations for information that is common knowledge Is it better to just avoid using sources so I don't risk accidental plagiarism? No, using sources is an essential part of academic writing. Drawing on other sources, and positioning your own ideas in relation to them, is not optional. If you’re worried about the possibility of accidental plagiarism, make sure to: Manage and cite your sources using a citation generator Use generative AI tools responsibly (outputs may be detected by an AI detector)How to make correct citations? In-text citations should be included whenever you quote or paraphrase a source in your text. Author-date citations (used in APA) include the author’s last name, the year of publication, and a page number when available. Author-page citations (used in MLA) are the same except that the year is not included. Both types are divided into parenthetical and narrative citations. In a parenthetical citation, the author’s name appears in parentheses along with the rest of the information. In a narrative citation, the author’s name appears as part of your sentence, not in parentheses.Examples of different types of in-text citation Parenthetical citation Narrative citation Author-date (APA) The treatment proved highly effective! (Smith,2018, p.11). Smith states that the treatment was highly effective (2018, p.11). Author-page (MLA) The treatment proved highly effective (Smith 11). Smith states that the treatment was highly effective (11). 40．Which of the following actions would be considered academically appropriate and honest? A．The cited source in your essay can’t lead to readers checking the information themselves. B．You use generative AI tools to rephrase a text word for word without citations. C．You responsibly cite yourself when you reuse your own previous research paper. D．You include citations for information such as “Water freezes at zero degree Celsius”. 41．Which of the following in-text citations is correct? A．The evolutionary process consists of a series of incremental changes over a long period of time (Darwin,1859). B．Darwin believes that the evolutionary process consists of a series of incremental changes over a long period of time (1859,510). C．Evolution is a gradual process that can act only by very short and slow steps (Darwin,1859, p.510). D．Darwin states that evolution is a gradual process that can act only by very short and slow steps (Darwn,1859,p.510). 42．The passage is most likely to be included in ______. A．a news article about academic misconduct B．a legal document about copyright violation C．an advertisement for plagiarism-detection tools D．a writing guide or student handbook C In a recent study of healthy volunteers, National Institutes of Health researchers discovered that our brains may replay memories of learning new skills when we rest. NIH researchers mapped out the brain activity when we learn a new skill, like playing the piano. They found that during short rest, volunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity while practicing typing a code. The more a volunteer replayed, the better they performed in later practice. The study was conducted at the NIH Clinical Center. Dr. Cohen’s team used a sensitive scanning technique to record the brain waves of 33 healthy, right-handed volunteers as they learned to type a five-digit code with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair under a scanner’s cap. An experiment started when a subject saw the code “41234” on a screen and typed it for 10 seconds, then took a 10-second break. They repeated this practice and rest cycle 35 times. During the first few trials, the speed of correctly typing improved greatly-and then leveled off around the 11th cycle. In a previous study, Dr. Cohen’s team showed that most gains happened during short rests, not when typing. Moreover, the gains were greater than after a night’s sleep and related to a decrease in beta rhythms. In this new report, the researchers looked for something different in the brain waves. “We wanted to explore the mechanisms (机制) behind memory strengthening during wakeful rest. Several forms of memory rely on neural (神经的) activity replaying, so we tested this idea for procedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch. Ph. D．, a scientist on Dr. Cohen’s team and the study leader. Dr. Buch developed a computer program to understand the brain wave activity related to typing each number in the code. Interestingly, they found that more replay led to better performance. “We were a bit surprised by these results. Our results support the idea that replay activity during waking rest may help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly help stroke recovery. ” said Dr. Cohen. 43．What have NIH researchers recently found? A．The brain activity slowly flows when we learn a new skill. B．The value of short practice sessions can’t be overestimated. C．Short rest makes no difference to the neural re play of the activity. D．The frequency of brain replay contributes to practice performances. 44．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3? A．The process of the research. B．The facilities of the research. C．The application of the research. D．The preparations of the research. 45．Why did Dr. Buch develop a computer program? A．To distinguish the first 11 cycles from the later ones. B．To confirm the role of neural replay in skill learning. C．To explore the potential effects of procedural learning. D．To find out the reasons for the changes in brain waves 46．What can be inferred from the passage about the potential benefits of the research findings? A．Beta rhythms can directly cure stroke patients. B．The findings can boost office workers’ typing speed. C．People are likely to improve their new-language learning efficiency. D．The scanning technique will be extensively used to diagnose neurological disorders. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Iron Cooks Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors. 47 Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage. “We think we’ve hit the point where labor-wage rates are now making automation of those tasks make a lot more sense,” Bob Wright, the chief operations officer of the fast-food chain Wendy’s, said in a conference call with investors last February, referring to jobs that feature “repetitive production tasks.” Wendy’s and McDonald’s are in the process of installing self-service kiosks (售货亭) in locations across the country, allowing customers to order without ever talking to an employee. 48 The international chain CaliBurger, for example will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers. How many employees, though, do you need working in the cafe? 49 Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term? The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies (小房间)—an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers. 50 So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants. A．The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service. B．Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks. C．The better hope for workers might be that automation helps the food-service industry continue to develop. D．But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters. E．The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005. F．This has typically been the story of automation: Technology eliminates old jobs, but it also creates new ones. IV. Summary Writing （10分） 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you? Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes, Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time, monotasking is the way for you to accomplish more in less time. Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less likely to make errors. So it’s a win-win for everyone! You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．既然生活中压力不可避免，何不调整心态，积极应对？（why not） 53．我曾经对魔法故事很着迷，以至于废寝忘食。(fascinate) 54．与其担心可能的失败而畏手畏脚，错失良机，不如仔细计划，大胆行动。(rather) 55．尽管经历了起起落落，这位艺术家仍然致力于用他的画作给古色古香的建筑注入新的生命。(commit) VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李乐，学校即将举办科技节，想要向全校师生征文，主题为“对你生活影响巨大的科学发明”。写一篇文章，内容需包括： 1）你认为对你生活影响巨大的一项科技发明； 2）阐述你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$