专题05 阅读理解（说明文）【期末必刷20题】-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（外研版）

阅读理解（说明文） 目录 1.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末）主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。 1 2.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末）主要介绍了人们使用电子设备的现状、使用电子设备的利弊以及如何在电子设备和我们的生活之间找到平衡。 3 3.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末）介绍了人们对哭的看法。 5 4.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）介绍了科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。 7 5.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末）主要讲述了向后走对人们的好处。 10 6.（23-24八年级下·北京西城·期末）讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。 11 7.（23-24八年级下·北京延庆·期末）介绍了如何在大自然觅食，虽然觅食很有趣，但你还是要小心。在你完全确定植物是什么之前，不要吃它们。同时觅食时要遵守一些规则。 14 8.（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末）讲述了奶茶来自中国台湾，并在世界各地赢得了粉丝。 15 9.（23-24八年级下·天津和平·期末）介绍了身份盗窃的概念及其危害，以及如何保护个人信息不被盗窃。 17 10.（23-24八年级下·天津河东·期末）介绍了一部描写火星人入侵地球的科幻小说——《世界大战》。 19 11.（23-24八年级下·天津滨海新·期末）介绍了海豚与人类的相似之处。 20 12.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末）主要讲述了中国向世界展示了第一张高清月球图集。 22 13.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末）介绍了宇航员如何在太空飞船中获取食物以及如何保持太空飞船的清洁。 24 14.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末）介绍了宇宙大爆炸理论、哈勃太空望远镜、中国的FAST和神舟十八号载人飞船与太空探索相关的知识。 25 15.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） 主要讲述了航天员在太空中会面临许多艰难的问题，因此他们在进入太空前要经历的严苛的训练。 28 16.（23-24八年级下·安徽淮南·期末）文章介绍了菠萝节的相关内容，包括其时间，地点，庆祝方式，有趣活动等。 29 17.（22-23八年级下·安徽芜湖·期末）描写了世界上的食肉植物，以捕蝇草为例讲述了植物的捕食过程，并解释了植物捕食动物的原因。 31 18.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末）文章主要介绍“电子榨菜”这一概念。 32 19.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末）介绍了云林里的动物植物以及它现在面临的环境危机，呼吁人们保护云林。 34 20.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末）介绍了未来房屋的可能性和设计理念，并举出几个例子来阐述未来房子将更加节能环保。 36 1.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末） It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline. Being online should improve our lives, not control them. If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health. It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you. This might have a serious influence on your connections with the people beside you, even if you don’t want to make them feel like you are not interested in them. Take breaks from the apps (应用程序) and games. You don’t need to stop using them, just trying turning off notifications during study hours, or setting time limits. You can consider which online activities you can do offline. Take a careful look at what online activities can become offline activities. For example, an online game can become in-person with a friend or family member instead. Of course, not everything has to be offline or online all the time. It is good for you to set boundaries (界限) with your friends. If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online. Habits can be hard to break, but we can retrain our brains. Sometimes, just paying attention to the possible influences can help us know when it is time to make some changes. Talk with someone about it. Talking about how you feel with a family member or your friend may help you work out a plan for breaking old habits. They can also encourage you to stick to the plan. 1．You may spend too much time online when you ________. A．take breaks from online games B．keep checking your mobile phone for messages C．take a few photos with your mobile phone D．turn on notifications after you finish your homework 2．The words “keep track of” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．manage to stay away from B．decide to agree with C．remember to wait for D．continue to know about 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it is easier for us to stop using apps when we have more time B．online activities bring us more in-person connections than offline activities C．conversations about boundaries with friends help us have less online time D．it is important to pay attention to the possible influences of setting time limits 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Get to Know Others’ Online Habits B．Enjoy Your Online Activities C．Stick to Your Online Plan D．Manage Your Time Online 2.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末） In 2019, American kids aged 8 to 12 spent an average of 4 hours and 44 minutes on screens every day. By 2021, that average had increased to 5 hours and 33 minutes per day. Do kids need help putting their devices down, or can they decide on their own? There are a lot of research studies show that too much screen time can have a negative effect (效果) on people. Therefore, some countries try to make people stay away from devices. People living in a village in India have agreed to turn off their televisions and phones for one and a half hours every evening. A community uses the siren (汽笛) sounds to remind people to turn off the televisions and phones at 19:00. At 20:30, a second siren sound rings to show that screen-free time is over. In this way, people can have screen-free time, which is called a “digital detox”. It is when a person stops using digital devices for a fixed time. Some people say that taking a break from electronic devices is good. Screen-free time allows kids to connect to the outside world and with family and friends. Seeing people face to face helps to cure (治愈) loneliness. Kids can be more active if they are not on their phones or watching TV all the time, which is beneficial (有益的) to health. However, there are people who hold different ideas. Digital devices allow friends and family far away from each other to stay in touch. Besides, screen time can be valuable-kids can read great books, discover interesting facts or learn about important things happening in the world. Is there a way to find a balance between digital devices and our life? I think so. The good way is to cut down kid’s usage of digital devices by setting time limits. What’s more, if parents offer kids activities they find valuable, such as sports and art activities they enjoy, they will be less likely to spend time on social media. Once they become used to these activities, they will feel surprised how little they think about their phone. 1．The underlined phrase “digital detox” in paragraph 2 means “________”. A．the place to reduce the screen time B．the game to turn off the television C．the device to connect with friends D．the time to stop using digital devices 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Digital devices work as well as face-to-face communication. B．People in India have found a way to shorten the screen time. C．Limiting the usage of the phones can lead to their loneliness. D．Spending time with family is the easiest way to keep kids happy. 3．The writer may agree that ________. A．parents will feel worried if kids send the messages B．parents help kids set limit on what they see on devices C．kids may spend less screen time with the help of parents D．kids are likely to do less outdoor activities they enjoy 4．What is the writer mainly telling us? A．Causes and results about balanced life. B．Opinions and facts about digital devices. C．Choices and reasons about online activities. D．Problems and solutions about screen time. 3.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末） Once there was a very popular song called Which Do you Prefer, Crying or Smiling? It is common that people always think crying is a sign of sadness. But it is not always the truth. When babies are hungry, they will cry to show their feelings and get tasty food. Then babies feel like being on cloud nine and of course stop crying. We also know that many people may think crying is a bad thing and it may be bad for their health. However, in fact, sometimes it is healthy to have some tears. According to the studies, some health problems have something to do with not crying enough. Sometimes people need to cry more because it helps them to get well. Different cultures have different ideas about crying. The people in Indonesia think that crying—unless done by a person who has lost a close friend—is unhealthy and that it can cause health problems. In some other cultures, people usually cry together when they are afraid of something and in times of sadness. People have been studying crying for a long time and here are two interesting studies about crying. A study of 5,000 people in 35 countries made by Professor Ad Vingerhoets found that women usually cried between 30 and 64 times a year while men usually cried 6 to 17 times a year. Vingerhocts thinks that women’s higher prolactin levels (催乳素水平) may cause women to cry more. Prolactin levels are especially higher when women are having babies. Besides that, according to another study, when 150 women were watching the film Steel Magnolias, scientists found 22 percent of them cried and the others didn’t. Those who cried felt more sadness for a long time. The study said crying can make people sadder, and it took people longer to get well. Crying may make people feel better only if it helps with their problems. Studies show comfort from a friend does make people feel that crying is a good idea. So next time you don’t feel good, you can talk with your friend and cry out to make yourself feel better. Try to have a good cry! 1．The underlined words “feel like being on cloud nine” in Paragraph 1 are closest in meaning to “________.” A．feel very great B．feel quite scared C．feel really thankful D．feel truly tired 2．The people in Indonesia think________. A．sometimes crying is good for people B．people show their fear while crying C．crying may cause some healthy problems D．people should cry together when being afraid 3．Why does Professor Ad Vingerhocts talk about prolactin levels in his study? A．To explain why women cry more. B．To show how women have babies. C．To introduce the reason for the study. D．To stress the importance of the study. 4．The writer probably agrees that________. A．most people prefer crying to smiling in daily life B．people may cry more after watching a sad movie C．one can stop crying quickly whenever he wants D．people may feel better after having a good cry 4.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末） Scientists have studied the full genetic (基因的) information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. They found new information about the patterns of mutations (突变) , or changes, which could help doctors provide better treatment. Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. But no one has ever used such a large sample size. Serena Nik-Zainal of the University of Cambridge was part of the team that did the research. She said this was “the largest cohort (群体) in the world. It is extraordinary.” Over 12,000 samples in the study came from patients recruited (招募) by Britain’s National Health Service. They were part of a project to study whole genomes (基因组) from people with common cancers and rare diseases. The rest of the data came from existing cancer data sets. Researchers were able to study such a large number because of the same improvements in technology that recently permitted scientists to complete the map of the entire human genome. Andrew Futreal, a genomic expert at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, was not involved in the study. He said the study gave scientists some knowledge of the destructive (破坏性的) forces that caused cancer. Cancer is a disease of the genome or full set of instructions for running cells. It happens when changes in a person’s DNA cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. DNA is a substance (物质) that carries the genetic information in the cells of living things, like a human. In 2020, there were about 19 million new cancer cases worldwide. For the study, researchers looked at 19 different kinds of cancer in the human body. It identified 58 new “mutational signatures”, or pieces of evidence leading to the causes of cancer. Nik-Zainal said researchers also confirmed 51 of more than 70 previously reported mutation patterns. Some arise (出现) because of problems within a person’s cells; others are caused by ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. Knowing more of them “helps us to understand each person’s cancer more precisely,” which can help guide treatment, Nik-Zainal said. Genetic sequencing, the process used to study the makeup of a cell, is already being included in cancer care. It is part of the growing move toward personalized medicine, or care based on a patient’s genes and specific disease. Now doctors will have much more information to draw from when they look at individual cancers. To help doctors use this information, researchers developed a computer program that will let them find common mutation patterns and seek out rare ones. Nik-Zainal said doctors could suggest a treatment based on a special pattern. Futreal said the data can also show doctors what tends to happen over time when a patient develops a cancer with a certain mutation pattern. This will help doctors give earlier treatment and hopefully stop the developing disease. 1．Which of the following statement is true? A．Scientists have studied the full genetic information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. B．They found new information about the patterns of mutations, or changes, that could help doctors provide better treatment. C．Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. D．All of the above. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Cancer is a kind of disease that happens when DNA in cells grow or divide. B．Some cancers arise because of problems within a person’s cells. C．Some cancers are caused by ultraviolet radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. D．Genetic sequencing has been used in medical treatment. 3．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Genetic Information in Cancer. B．A Study of Cancer Genetics to Help with Targeted Treatment. C．A Computer Program in Cancer Genetics. D．A New Treatment in Cancer. 5.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末） Is there a way to quickly remember information just before taking an exam? Walking backward might be a good idea. Scientists say this activity can help people improve their short-term memory (记忆). Researchers asked 114 volunteers in an experiment to watch a video. After watching the video, the volunteers were split (分成) into three groups. One group was told to walk 10 meters forward. The second group walked 10 meters backward. The third group kept still in one place. All three groups were then asked 20 questions about what they saw in the video. The scientists found that the backward-walking group got two more answers correct on average than the other two groups. This suggests that the concepts (概念) of time and space are important to the formation of memories. When you, walk backward, you see things from a different angle (角度). This difference helps people remember things that happened in the past more easily. When you walk backward, you have to pay closer attention to your surroundings to avoid accidents. By doing so, your senses are sharpened (敏锐的). As a result, you become more attuned to your environment. And walking backward is not just good for our brains. It is also good for the rest of our bodies. Compared to walking forward. walking backward is more challenging. This can help us improve our fitness because walking backward uses more energy in a short time and burns more calories (卡路里). Walking backward is less stressful for our knees. It could be helpful for people who often have pain in their knees. Walking backward also keeps our spines (脊柱) strong, which can help to ease (缓解) pain in the lower back. This might be why many old people like walking backward. Next time when you want to improve your memory, why not try walking backward? It is as simple as it sounds, but remember to “watch” where you are going and who or what you may knock into. 1．What’s the writer’s purpose in mentioning the experiment in Paragraph 2? A．To show walking backward can help improve short-term memory. B．To explain how memories are formed in our brains while walking. C．To point out walking backward can keep us in excellent condition. D．To share scientists’ discovery on walking and watching videos. 2．The words “become more attuned to” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．become prouder of B．understand better of C．take a more active part in D．get more interested in 3．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The differences in walking habits. B．The suggestions on keeping healthy. C．The advantages of walking backward. D．The importance of improving memory. 6.（23-24八年级下·北京西城·期末） Research shows that the discovery of exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) has changed science fiction (小说). Now, books and movies present these planets more exactly, making science fiction more important than before. Imagine learning about stars in a classroom. You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class? Science fiction has always caught our attention and it has inspired (激励) scientists to go for their dreams. For this reason, it is sometimes used to communicate science to the public, even complex ideas. To be sure that this is a useful way, it is necessary to understand how science fiction shows actual science. Emma Johanna Puranen and her team from the University of St Andrews and the Austrian Academy of Sciences did some research, studying a lot of science fiction works, including novels, movies, TV shows, podcasts, and video games to see how science fiction reflects (反映) real scientific discoveries about exoplanets. “Most stories that are set in space will finally have a scene (场景) on an exoplanet,” explains Puranen. “The reason for using exoplanets is that there was a huge change in our scientific understanding in 1995 when the first exoplanet around a sun-like star was discovered.” “Traditionally in science fiction, mostly there have been Earth-like planets,” explains Puranen. “But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like.” According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the “Goldilocks zone”, where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it. “I can guess that maybe writers of science fiction are reading all these headlines about worlds that are covered in lava or where it’s raining diamonds, which you see in the media,” says Puranen. Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way. This research highlights the connection between scientific discoveries and creativity. While exploring the universe, science fiction can develop curiosity (好奇心) and make further research possible, making the subject of exoplanets an important example of how science and imagination improve each other. 1．The writer mentioned the movie Star Wars to ________. A．explain what an exoplanet is like in a humorous way B．present the result of the latest research about exoplanets C．show an interesting way of sharing science with everyone D．introduce a popular scientific movie by a famous director 2．How has science fiction changed after the discovery of the first exoplanet? A．It gives more attention to Earth. B．It describes the Earth differently. C．Science fiction has lost interest in explaining exoplanets. D．Exoplanets in science fiction have become less Earth-like. 3．The words “Goldilocks zone” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean ________. A．a space found on an exoplanet B．an important part of our solar system C．an area which is good for scientific activities D．a place that provides living environment for life 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．science fiction has played an active part in communicating science B．scientific discoveries have slowed the development of imagination C．science fiction has become less popular because of scientific discoveries D．new scientific discoveries have made science fiction easier to understand 7.（23-24八年级下·北京延庆·期末） Do you enjoy walking in nature? Do you like learning about trees and plants? You may like foraging (觅食)! Foraging is a lot like a treasure hunt. You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat. Foraging is a lot of fun! When you walk in the woods, you can find many kinds of plants. Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat. You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild looking for good plants to eat. While foraging is a lot of fun, you still have to be careful. It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are. Before you go foraging, take a class about it. Learn the look of plants you can eat in the wild. Practice finding them with your foraging teacher. Then join a group of foragers. Look for plants together. Never eat anything until you are sure of what it is. Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous. Foragers follow some important rules. They do not gather all of the plants in one area. If you take all the plants from one area, no more will grow there. Do not look for wild plants in areas where there are a lot of cars, like by a road or parking lot. If the area is very dirty, the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick. 1．What can we know from the passage? A．We should walk in the mountains before foraging. B．We should be sure of what a plant is before we eat it. C．Looking for good plants by the lake can be dangerous. D．Eating plants beside the road can help us forage easier. 2．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Foraging Is Never Easy! B．Foraging Is a Lot of Fun! C．Enjoy Nature with Foraging! D．Follow the Rules of Foraging! 8.（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末） Bubble tea is from Taiwan, China. It’s like a drink and a snack (小吃) in one cup. It’s winning fans around the world. To enjoy bubble tea, you will likely need a wide straw (吸管). Why? To get a fun surprise! Bubble tea is made with tea, of course. It also has milk, and often ice. But here’s what makes bubble tea really special. There are chewy (耐嚼的) things in it. They’re usually at the bottom of the cup. Most often, they are sweet balls made of tapioca (木薯淀粉). Some people think the balls look like bubbles (泡泡). That’s how the drink got its name. Others say it’s called bubble tea because of the bubbles on top of the drink. They appear when the drink is shaken. Bubble tea was invented in Taiwan in the 1980s. People loved it. Soon it became popular in other places in Asia. In the 1990s, bubble tea shops started appearing in the US. Now, these shops are on the rise all over the world. Thinking of trying a bubble tea? Get ready to face a lot of hard but tasty decisions. Some shops offer over a hundred flavours. Would you like strawberry or banana? Or maybe you’re up for chocolate? You could go for the classic milk tea, of course. And there are lots of other things you can choose to put in too, like red beans. You might need a break after making all those decisions. Guess what? A bubble tea shop can be a great place to relax. Some young people go to these shops with friends to play games or study. So in more ways than one, bubble tea can be a sweet part of life. 1．Which of the following makes bubble tea special? A．The ice. B．The milk. C．The wide straw. D．The chewy things. 2．What happened in the 1990s? A．Bubble tea shops appeared in the US. B．People in Taiwan invented bubble tea. C．People in Asia began to like bubble tea. D．Bubble tea shops were found around the world. 3．The word “flavours” Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．how the drink tastes B．where people can buy the drink C．how much the drink costs D．who sells the drink to customers 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Bubble tea is too sweet for some people. B．People can relax themselves in a bubble tea shop. C．A bubble tea shop can help people make new plans. D．People of all ages would like to go to bubble tea shops. 5．Why did the writer write this passage? A．To introduce a popular drink. B．To give advice on making drinks. C．To tell a story behind a special drink. D．To make a report on people’s favourite drinks. 9.（23-24八年级下·天津和平·期末） You might have heard about identity theft (身份盗窃): it means a thief gets enough of someone’s information to commit fraud (诈骗). Why should people care about it? Because recovering a stolen identity can be a hard process. Imagine that someone opens a credit card in your name, gets a cell phone number in your name, or buys things using a credit card that has your name on it. ID thieves can be creative about getting your information. There are some low-tech ways they get it: sometimes they steal rubbish, going through it to find personal information, or they steal mail. There are high-tech ways, too: ID thieves might put software onto your computer secretly. The software, called badware, let a thief see everything on your computer, and record everything you type on your computer. Unluckily, even if you’re really careful with your personal information, thieves can still get your personal information. Sometimes, they get into computer systems at shops, schools, hospitals or businesses. They look for personal information to use or sell to other thieves. It’s pretty easy for you and your family to stop a thief stealing your identity. You can start with the low-tech defenses (防御). Be careful with your mail and rubbish. And be sure to take care of your wallet, or your backpack. It’s especially important not to carry your Social Security card with you. Keep it in a safe place at home. Practice some higher-tech defenses, too: protect your computer by turning on an up-to-date firewall (防火墙). Once you’re online, be careful with your personal information. When you get emails or pop-ups on your computer, don’t respond automatically (自动响应). Stop and think before you click—it could help keep your information private, and keep badware off your computer. 1．What is the meaning of “recovering” in paragraph 1? A．再利用 B．改变 C．恢复 D．再覆盖 2．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．It is easy for your mail to be stolen. B．Even some useless things can make you face the danger of identity theft. C．We cannot throw rubbish in order to protect our personal information. D．We should put away our mail to avoid identity theft. 3．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in the third paragraph? A．It’s impossible to find a way to stop identity theft. B．People can protect their personal information as long as they are careful enough. C．Thieves are very good at finding ways to collect people’s personal information. D．It’s hard for a thief to collect your personal information. 4．Which best shows the writer’s idea about identity theft? A．Identity theft will finally be stopped as computer software becomes better. B．Identity theft is a serious problem that can be reduced with a few simple habits. C．Identity theft happens more commonly to adults because they aren’t good at using computers. D．Identity theft is an easy problem that can be dealt within a second. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 10.（23-24八年级下·天津河东·期末） Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. It is small and red and cold. No one believes anything lives there—until the first spaceship lands on the earth. At first, people are eager (急切的) to welcome the alien visitors. But then they find out the scary truth: The Martians (火星人) have come to conquer (征服) the planet! They’re very smart, and they have terrifying machines. Is the earth ready for The War of the Worlds? Read this book to find out. The ending will surprise you. This is a very popular science-fiction (科幻) story written by British writer H. G. Wells. The action is very exciting. The story moves quickly. Though the book is set in (以……为背景) England in 1898, today’s readers will still have much in common with this book. Other easy books in Bullseye Step into Classics series (系列) also can take you on a great reading trip! Look for books such as Little Women and The Time Machine. Read them all! It’s great for beginners in English. 1．How do the Martians come to the earth? They come to the earth by ________. A．spaceship B．paper machine C．airplane D．rocket 2．What do the Martians want to do on the earth? They want to ________. A．live on the earth B．become aliens C．conquer the earth D．write books 3．What kind of story does this book belong to? It belongs to ________ stories. A．true and exciting B．true C．boring D．science-fiction 4．Why do today’s readers still like this book? Because it’s ________. A．written by H. G B．very exciting C．very old D．only for beginners 5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The writer wants readers to know about this book. B．The writer introduces more books in Bullseye Step into Classics series. C．The writer tells us the series are suitable for beginners. D．The writer is planning a war between Mars and the earth. 11.（23-24八年级下·天津滨海新·期末） Many people say dolphins are clever. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they as smart as humans, or are they more like cats and dogs? Dolphins use their brains (脑) quite differently from humans. But scientists say dolphins and humans are alike in some ways. How? Like humans, every dolphin has its own “name”. The name is a special whistle (啸声). Each dolphin chooses a specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Dolphins are like people in other ways, too. They “talk” to each other about a lot of things—such as their age, their feelings, and finding food. They also use a system of sounds and body language to communicate. Understanding dolphin conversation is not easy for humans. No one “speaks dolphin” yet, but some scientists are trying to learn. Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups, and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun—just like people. Scientists believe playing together is something only clever animals do. Dolphins and humans are almost the same in another way: both of them make plans for getting things they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use a smart way to get food. When there are fish near a boat, dolphins signal (发信号) to the fishermen to put their nets (网) in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. Why do dolphins help the men? There is an advantage for them: Some fish run away from the net and the dolphins get to eat them. 1．When does a dolphin usually get its “name”? A．It gets it on its first birthday. B．It gets it when it grows up. C．It gets it while eating fish. D．It gets it after it dies. 2．In Paragraph 3, others refers to other ________. A．fishermen B．people C．dolphins D．games 3．What do dolphins talk about to each other? A．Their name, feelings, and playing games. B．Their age, feelings, and finding food. C．Their jobs, feelings, and finding food. D．Their age, feelings, and singing songs. 4．Why do dolphins help fishermen catch fish according to the passage? A．The dolphins can get food that way. B．They enjoy playing with the fishermen. C．They have a good relationship with humans. D．The fishermen ask the dolphins for help. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Dolphins are clever animals. B．Dolphins help humans catch fish. C．Dolphins communicate in a special way. D．Dolphins and humans share some same things. 12.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） On April 21, China showed the world’s first high-definition lunar atlas (高清月球图集). This is the first time since the 1970s that we’ve seen new maps of the moon. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, 中国科学院) is behind the great project. It said that the new maps will help scientists with future moon rescarch. “We’ve made great progress in studying the moon in recent years,” said Liu Jianzhong from CAS. “But we’re still using the maps from about half a century ago. Those old maps can’t help us with future research.” In 2012, Liu and his partner Ouyang, Ziyuan started making new maps of the moon with a team of great scientists from across the country. The team mainly used data from China’s Chang’e Project. They also used information from studies by other countries. The old maps of the moon were provided on a 1:5 million scale (比例). But the new ones with a scale of 1:2.5 million offer more details. They show the exact locations of big discoveries on the moon. These include 17 types of rocks, 14 types of structures and many other things. According to CAS, the new maps will be very helpful to China’s future efforts to study the moon. For example, they can help us find safe landing places. The new maps are now on the Digital Moon cloud platform (数字月球平台). It was built by Chinese scientists. The atlas, however, will soon be used by scientists from all over the world. In a word, they’ll be able to better understand the history of the moon with the new maps. They can also use them in their own future moon study. 1．When did Chinese people see the new maps of moon? A．On April 20. B．On April 21. C．In 2012. D．In 1970. 2．Which of the following is not the advantage of the new maps? A．Offering more details. B．Showing the exact locations. C．Finding safe landing places. D．Finding a place to live. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②③/④⑤ 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．The scientists on the Moon. B．The New Maps of the Moon. C．China’s Chang’e Project. D．The Great History of the Moon. 13.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） In space, astronauts have to solve (解决) two problems: How to get food and how to keep their spaceship clean. They need to solve them in order to stay alive. They are in a spaceship far from the earth, and they need to take care of everything themselves. They need to be sure they have what they need to live there, because the astronauts may be in space for weeks. Here is how they solved the food problem. At first, the astronauts took tubes of semi-liquid (半流质的) food with them into space. They look like the toothpaste (牙膏) you use when you brush your teeth. The food did not taste great, but because astronauts did not need to take dishes with them, they had no dishes to wash. Today’s spaceships have a bigger menu. Astronauts can eat from bowls. In fact, they take cereal (谷类食物) and other foods with them. The foods are kept in a special way to stay fresh. They have a kitchen in the spaceship. Its oven can heat food to 170 degrees. The kitchen has water and sets of meals that come on plates. The astronauts choose their menu before they go into space. They take a lot of food with them. How do they keep the kitchen clean? They do not have to worry about mice or other rodents (啮齿动物). They make sure that there are no rodents before the ship leaves. But sometimes mice travel on the ship. Those mice are part of experiments. They live in cages. How do astronauts keep their plates clean? That is another health problem the astronauts solve. They need to stay healthy in space. To carry a lot of water to wash plates would be much heavier. They take wet wipes (纸巾) in bags. They use them to clean plates. Therefore, their kitchen is clean and they stay healthy. 1．What can we know about astronauts? A．They want to live far from the earth. B．They like to take care of themselves. C．They have to live in space for weeks. D．They need to keep the spaceship clean. 2．Which picture can best show the meaning of the underlined word “tube”? A．B． C． D． 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Astronauts need to grow their own food in space. B．Astronauts can not brush their teeth in the spaceship. C．Astronauts needn’t worry about mice or other animals in space. D．Astronauts use water to wash their plates in space. 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To invite us to have a trip to the spaceship. B．To teach us how to keep our kitchen clean. C．To show us the ways to have healthy food in space. D．To introduce how astronauts solve their problems in space. 14.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） “Are we alone? What’s out there?” Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists have been working hard to find the secrets of the universe. Here we’re going to go through a timeline of the important moments of space exploration (探索). What is the Big Bang Theory (理论)? The Big Bang Theory is an idea about how our universe began. Many scientists believe that everything in the universe was pressed together and then it separated into smaller pieces very quickly about 14 billion years ago to create the universe. The Big Bang is thought to be the beginning of everything in the universe. What is the Hubble Space Telescope (望远镜)? The Hubble Space Telescope was put into space in 1990. Hubble is as long as a large school bus and it weighs as much as two elephants. Hubble is able to get clear pictures of faraway stars. A picture called “Hubble Ultra Deep Field” shows some of the farthest galaxies. Pictures from Hubble help scientists learn more about the universe. What is FAST? China’s Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope is better known as FAST. It is in Guizhou, China, and it has been used since September 25th, 2016. Its 500-metr e dish is the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope. Scientists can use it to search for signals (信号) of communication that are not coming from the earth. If scientists find such things, maybe there is life somewhere else in the universe! What is Shenzhou-18? Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship was sent into space from Jiuquan on April 25, 2024. On May 28, the crew members completed the first spacewalk of their mission. The task has set a new record for the longest single spacewalk by Chinese astronouts. During their six-month stay in space, the crew will carry out more than 90 experiments (实验) in space. 1．When did Gcorges Lemaitre suggest the idea of the Big Bang Theory？ A．In 1927. B．In 1990. C．In 2016. D．In 2024. 2．Why can the Hubble Space Telescope help scientists study the universe？ A．It is long and heavy enough. B．It takes clear photos of space. C．It tells the beginning of the universe. D．It travels to some of the farthest galaxies. 3．What can we know about China’s space exploration from the passage？ A．FAST can send signals into the universe to help find life. B．FAST is a dish-like radio telescope travelling in the universe. C．The astronauts in Shenzhou-18 will work in space for several months. D．The three astronauts took the first spacewalk of their mission on April 25. 4．What is the best title for the passage？ A．Space Exploration: Searching for Life in Space B．Space Exploration: Exciting Moments of China C．Space Exploration: A Better Future for Scientists D．Space Exploration: Great Progress Humans Made 15.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） Do you want to be an astronaut in the future? Every year on April 24, it’s Space Day of China. It’s a day to celebrate the country’s growth in space exploration (探索). Ever since Yang Liwei made it to space in 2003, as many as 20 Chinese astronauts have gone to space. In space, astronauts face many problems. There is little gravity (重力) there, which affects their bodies. Also, being away from family and friends and stuck in a tiny spaceship for a long time can make them feel sad or stressed out. What’s more, if something goes wrong on their mission suddenly, they have to work out how to fix it under huge pressure (压力). That’s why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space. To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, “Eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, are set,” Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical training, it also includes basic science knowledge and mock (模拟) missions. Before astronauts can go to space, they train like this for at least three and a half years. One of the hardest parts of the training for astronauts is the underwater training. This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space. Huang explained that astronauts wear diving suits that weigh more than 100 kilograms and stay underwater for six hours at a time. Moving around in the water with such a heavy suit is really tiring. Huang said that one astronaut, Nie Haisheng, even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise. 1．When is Space Day of China? A．On March 20. B．On May 5. C．On June 10. D．On April 24. 2．The underlined word “fix” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．feed B．change C．solve D．use 3．What do Paragraph 4 and 5 mainly tell us? A．How the astronauts are trained. B．What problems astronauts face. C．How the astronauts feel in space. D．How many subjects of training there are. 4．What can we infer from Huang’s words in the last paragraph? A．The underwater training is a way to lose weight. B．The astronauts must train very hard to work in space. C．It is fun to move around in the water with a special suit. D．It takes time for the astronauts to accept the environment in space. 16.（23-24八年级下·安徽淮南·期末） Do you like eating pineapples? Come to enjoy the Eleuthera Pineapple Festival. It has a history of over 30 years. It’s in early June on the Island of Eleuthera. Every year people from all over the Bahamas and other places come here to enjoy this festival. Delicious foods and drinks are here and there at the festival. Everyone can find something to enjoy. Do you know how pineapples grow? Go to the farm to have a look. You may be shocked to find that pineapples don’t grow on trees—they grow out of the ground! There are many different activities during this festival. One fun activity is the pineapple-eating contest (比赛). People can’t use their hands to eat a pineapple. The one who eats up the pineapple first wins. People can also be in the pineapple-cooking contest. They can make different kinds of foods like cakes, pies, juices and ice-cream by using pineapples. Some big people try the food and choose the best one as the winner. You’ll see beautiful artworks made by people there at the festival. There are many other activities at the same time. Some people play music all day and night. You can sing and dance to the music. The Eleuthera Pineapple Festival usually ends with a street parade (游行). Join it and you’ll have lots of fun. 1．What does the writer talk about the Eleuthera Pineapple Festival? A．It’s in late June. B．It’s a new festival. C．People celebrate it for a week. D．People can enjoy nice foods and drinks at it. 2．What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about? A．Two great activities. B．Why the festival is important. C．A great way to eat pineapples. D．How to use pineapples to make food. 3．Why did the writer write the passage? A．To talk about a fun festival. B．To ask people to visit an island. C．To show the great use of pineapples. D．To tell people to eat more pineapples. 17.（22-23八年级下·安徽芜湖·期末） Can plants eat people? Probably not, but there are many plants that eat meat. Some of them are big and they can eat small animals. One famous meat eating plant is the Venus flytrap（捕蝇草）. The Venus flytrap is a very strange plant. It grows in dry parts of the United States. Its leaves are like the pages of a book, they can open and close very quickly. Inside the leaves, there are three small hairs. If a fly（苍蝇）touches one of the hairs, the leaves will close quickly. The fly cannot get out. In about half an hour, the leaves press the fly until it is dead. Then the plant covers the fly. Slowly the plant eats the fly. Why do plants do it? Most plants get what they need from the sun, the air and the ground. In some places, the ground is very poor. It doesn’t have all these important things, but animal meat has a lot of these important things. So some plants eat meat to get what they need. Let’s hope that some of the bigger plants don’t get the same idea! 1．The Venus flytrap grows in ________. A．most parts of the world B．some parts of Africa C．dry parts of the United States D．wet parts of England 2．What will happen if a fly touches one of the hairs in the Venus flytraps leaves? A．The leaves will close very fast. B．The leaves will eat the fly. C．The leaves will kill the fly. D．The leaves will play with the fly. 3．Most of the plants get what they need from ________. A．the sun B．the air C．the ground D．all of the above 4．Why do some plants eat animal meat? A．Because plants are dangerous to animals. B．Because animals are dangerous to plants. C．Because plants want to get what they need from animal meat. D．Because plants want to protect themselves against animals. 18.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末） When you read the word “pickled vegetables (榨菜)”, what’s the first thing that comes to mind? Salty vegetables? That’s true. We usually eat them during the breakfast with porridge or noodles. Now, another similar word “electronic pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)” has arrived on the Internet. Do you know what they are? Well, electronic pickled vegetables are not something you can eat, but something you can watch! Sounds strange, many young people in China don’t have time to enjoy themselves or talk to their friends. Instead, they always eat alone. So they watch funny videos while eating. It’s like a friend telling you the best stories by your side. And these videos are called electronic pickled vegetables. They are usually short, such as cartoons, different kinds of shows or music. Different people have different opinions. Some think that electronic pickled vegetables can distract people from eating. That’s because you may laugh along with a cartoon character and forget to eat. However, others think they can make eating more enjoyable and less lonely. There is an interesting study showing that when you’re eating and watching videos at the same time, you can’t feel how full you are, and then you will eat more and get fat easily. 1．What do we usually eat for breakfast from the passage? A．porridge B．noodles C．pickled vegetables D．all of the above 2．According to the passage, which one of the following is the electronic pickled vegetables? A．scary movies B．news reports C．funny cartoons D．Beijing operas 3．What does the underlined word “distract” mean in Paragraph 3? A．stop B．learn C．hear D．start 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pickled vegetables are sweet vegetables. B．Electronic pickled vegetables are something you can eat. C．Young people always eat with their friends. D．Electronic pickled vegetables will make people eat more and get fat easily. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Pickled Vegetables B．Electronic Pickled Vegetables C．Interesting Short Videos D．Eating Habits 19.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末） Have you heard of a cloud forest? Is it the same as a rainforest? Actually, it’s a very special kind of forest in cloudy mountains. There, clouds brush through trees and wet their leaves. Rain falls almost every day. Hundreds of mosses(苔藓) grow and cover everything like a soft, green coat. Plants of cloud forests live in an unusual way. They grow on the branches of trees instead of on the ground. The air is very damp, so plants can get all the water they need from the fog and rain. They live on the high parts of trees so that they can get more light to be stronger. There are many kinds of special animals in cloud forests. For example, tree kangaroos live in trees like monkeys. They use their long tails to balance just as monkeys do. Frogs have suckers(吸盘) on their toes so they can climb up trees and cross leaves easily. Many other special animals are waiting for us to discover, aren’t they? Cloud forests are important to people. They give us healthy food crops, such as wild beans, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes and strawberries. Furthermore, they offer new medicine to treat cancer. Unluckily, the beautiful forests are in danger now. Why? Firstly, the climate is getting warmer, but plants and animals in cloud forests like to live where it’s cool. It’s difficult for them to find a proper place to live in. Secondly, people cut down many trees to plant crops or feed cows. The animals are losing their homes. Once cloud forests are gone, there must be a huge loss to humans. Save the cloud forests before it’s too late! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples. C．By showing numbers. D．By asking questions. 2．What does the underlined word “damp” mean in paragraph 2? A．Dry. B．Sunny. C．Wet. D．Snowy. 3．According to the passage, many things live in cloud forests, including ________. ①mosses    ②blueberries    ③frogs with suckers ④monkeys    ⑤tree kangaroos A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②④⑤ D．③④⑤ 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．We can use healthy food crops to make medicine for headache. B．Hundreds of mosses grow because it’s always sunny in cloud forests. C．The animals are losing their homes because people cut down many trees. D．Plants need more water to be strong so they grow on the high parts of trees. 5．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To save the cloud forests. B．To introduce plants in cloud forests. C．To describe the cloud forests. D．To discover animals in cloud forests. 20.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末） What will the future houses be like? Will they have gardens on their walls? Can they control the houses’ temperature? Architects believe that there are many different possibilities. But the only thing for sure is that the houses will be as green as possible. The Tree House: Many architects would like to build a “tree house” like a leaf. The surface of the house collects sunlight during the day. The sunlight energy can be used to heat water, drive household machines, and even provide fresh air for the home. The “root” of the house is deep under the ground. It uses the soil to control the home’s temperature. The Lizard (蜥蜴) House: Like a lizard, changing colour with the weather is the most important design of a lizard house. When it’s in the bright sun, the cover of the house will turn white to protect it from strong heat. During cloudy days, it turns dark and takes in as much light and heat as possible to produce energy for lighting. The Garden House: Food production will be one part of the house design. Gardens may appear on the outside walls of the house. People can plant vegetables on them. So they just need to walk outside and collect vegetables every day. The Self-cleaning House: Things like floor, wall, and sofa in the Self-cleaning House will be cleaned or dried by themselves. People don’t need to clean them or get them dried under the sun, so that they can have more time to rest. 1．People can’t use the sun light energy from the Tree House to ________. A．heat water B．control the home’s temperature C．create fresh air D．drive household machines 2．What does the underlined word “produce” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．make B．complete C．control D．protect 3．Sam likes growing vegetables by himself, so he can live in ________. A．the Tree House B．the Lizard House C．the Garden House D．the Self-cleaning House 4．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．the Tree House uses the root to collect the sunlight during the daytime B．the cover of the Lizard House will turn black to protect it from strong heat C．people living in the Garden House can get all the food in their house D．you can live in the Self-cleaning House if you don’t like doing housework 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．What a Garden House is Like B．How to Build Green Houses C．The Green Houses in the Future D．Get More Rest in the Future Houses 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 阅读理解（说明文） 目录 1.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末）主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。 1 2.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末）主要介绍了人们使用电子设备的现状、使用电子设备的利弊以及如何在电子设备和我们的生活之间找到平衡。 3 3.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末）介绍了人们对哭的看法。 5 4.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）介绍了科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。 7 5.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末）主要讲述了向后走对人们的好处。 10 6.（23-24八年级下·北京西城·期末）讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。 11 7.（23-24八年级下·北京延庆·期末）介绍了如何在大自然觅食，虽然觅食很有趣，但你还是要小心。在你完全确定植物是什么之前，不要吃它们。同时觅食时要遵守一些规则。 14 8.（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末）讲述了奶茶来自中国台湾，并在世界各地赢得了粉丝。 15 9.（23-24八年级下·天津和平·期末）介绍了身份盗窃的概念及其危害，以及如何保护个人信息不被盗窃。 17 10.（23-24八年级下·天津河东·期末）介绍了一部描写火星人入侵地球的科幻小说——《世界大战》。 19 11.（23-24八年级下·天津滨海新·期末）介绍了海豚与人类的相似之处。 20 12.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末）主要讲述了中国向世界展示了第一张高清月球图集。 22 13.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末）介绍了宇航员如何在太空飞船中获取食物以及如何保持太空飞船的清洁。 24 14.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末）介绍了宇宙大爆炸理论、哈勃太空望远镜、中国的FAST和神舟十八号载人飞船与太空探索相关的知识。 25 15.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） 主要讲述了航天员在太空中会面临许多艰难的问题，因此他们在进入太空前要经历的严苛的训练。 28 16.（23-24八年级下·安徽淮南·期末）文章介绍了菠萝节的相关内容，包括其时间，地点，庆祝方式，有趣活动等。 29 17.（22-23八年级下·安徽芜湖·期末）描写了世界上的食肉植物，以捕蝇草为例讲述了植物的捕食过程，并解释了植物捕食动物的原因。 31 18.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末）文章主要介绍“电子榨菜”这一概念。 32 19.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末）介绍了云林里的动物植物以及它现在面临的环境危机，呼吁人们保护云林。 34 20.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末）介绍了未来房屋的可能性和设计理念，并举出几个例子来阐述未来房子将更加节能环保。 36 1.（23-24八年级下·北京通州·期末） It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline. Being online should improve our lives, not control them. If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health. It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you. This might have a serious influence on your connections with the people beside you, even if you don’t want to make them feel like you are not interested in them. Take breaks from the apps (应用程序) and games. You don’t need to stop using them, just trying turning off notifications during study hours, or setting time limits. You can consider which online activities you can do offline. Take a careful look at what online activities can become offline activities. For example, an online game can become in-person with a friend or family member instead. Of course, not everything has to be offline or online all the time. It is good for you to set boundaries (界限) with your friends. If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online. Habits can be hard to break, but we can retrain our brains. Sometimes, just paying attention to the possible influences can help us know when it is time to make some changes. Talk with someone about it. Talking about how you feel with a family member or your friend may help you work out a plan for breaking old habits. They can also encourage you to stick to the plan. 1．You may spend too much time online when you ________. A．take breaks from online games B．keep checking your mobile phone for messages C．take a few photos with your mobile phone D．turn on notifications after you finish your homework 2．The words “keep track of” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．manage to stay away from B．decide to agree with C．remember to wait for D．continue to know about 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it is easier for us to stop using apps when we have more time B．online activities bring us more in-person connections than offline activities C．conversations about boundaries with friends help us have less online time D．it is important to pay attention to the possible influences of setting time limits 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Get to Know Others’ Online Habits B．Enjoy Your Online Activities C．Stick to Your Online Plan D．Manage Your Time Online 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health.”可知，不停检查手机上的信息时，可能会花太多时间，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you.”可知，如果不停地拍照或上网聊天，就很难了解周围发生的事情。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online.”可知，和朋友们谈论界限的问题，可以帮助我们节省线上时间。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline.”可知，本文主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。故选D。 2.（23-24八年级下·北京昌平·期末） In 2019, American kids aged 8 to 12 spent an average of 4 hours and 44 minutes on screens every day. By 2021, that average had increased to 5 hours and 33 minutes per day. Do kids need help putting their devices down, or can they decide on their own? There are a lot of research studies show that too much screen time can have a negative effect (效果) on people. Therefore, some countries try to make people stay away from devices. People living in a village in India have agreed to turn off their televisions and phones for one and a half hours every evening. A community uses the siren (汽笛) sounds to remind people to turn off the televisions and phones at 19:00. At 20:30, a second siren sound rings to show that screen-free time is over. In this way, people can have screen-free time, which is called a “digital detox”. It is when a person stops using digital devices for a fixed time. Some people say that taking a break from electronic devices is good. Screen-free time allows kids to connect to the outside world and with family and friends. Seeing people face to face helps to cure (治愈) loneliness. Kids can be more active if they are not on their phones or watching TV all the time, which is beneficial (有益的) to health. However, there are people who hold different ideas. Digital devices allow friends and family far away from each other to stay in touch. Besides, screen time can be valuable-kids can read great books, discover interesting facts or learn about important things happening in the world. Is there a way to find a balance between digital devices and our life? I think so. The good way is to cut down kid’s usage of digital devices by setting time limits. What’s more, if parents offer kids activities they find valuable, such as sports and art activities they enjoy, they will be less likely to spend time on social media. Once they become used to these activities, they will feel surprised how little they think about their phone. 1．The underlined phrase “digital detox” in paragraph 2 means “________”. A．the place to reduce the screen time B．the game to turn off the television C．the device to connect with friends D．the time to stop using digital devices 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Digital devices work as well as face-to-face communication. B．People in India have found a way to shorten the screen time. C．Limiting the usage of the phones can lead to their loneliness. D．Spending time with family is the easiest way to keep kids happy. 3．The writer may agree that ________. A．parents will feel worried if kids send the messages B．parents help kids set limit on what they see on devices C．kids may spend less screen time with the help of parents D．kids are likely to do less outdoor activities they enjoy 4．What is the writer mainly telling us? A．Causes and results about balanced life. B．Opinions and facts about digital devices. C．Choices and reasons about online activities. D．Problems and solutions about screen time. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们使用电子设备的现状、使用电子设备的利弊以及如何在电子设备和我们的生活之间找到平衡。 1．词句猜测题。根据“In this way, people can have screen-free time, which is called a “digital detox”. It is when a person stops using digital devices for a fixed time.”可知，“digital detox”是一个人在固定时间内停止使用数字设备。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Therefore, some countries try to make people stay away from devices. People living in a village in India have agreed to turn off their televisions and phones for one and a half hours every evening.”可知，一些国家试图让人们远离设备。印度一个村庄的居民同意每天晚上关掉电视和手机一个半小时。选项B“印度人已经找到了一种缩短屏幕时间的方法。”可从文章中得出。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“What’s more, if parents offer kids activities they find valuable, such as sports and art activities they enjoy, they will be less likely to spend time on social media.”可知，如果父母为孩子提供他们认为有价值的活动，比如他们喜欢的体育和艺术活动，他们就不太可能花时间在社交媒体上。选项C“在父母的帮助下，孩子们可能会花更少的时间看屏幕。”可能是作者同意的观点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们使用电子设备的现状、使用电子设备的利弊以及如何在电子设备和我们的生活之间找到平衡。选项D“屏幕时间的问题和解决方案。”是作者主要想告诉我们的。故选D。 3.（23-24八年级下·北京房山·期末） Once there was a very popular song called Which Do you Prefer, Crying or Smiling? It is common that people always think crying is a sign of sadness. But it is not always the truth. When babies are hungry, they will cry to show their feelings and get tasty food. Then babies feel like being on cloud nine and of course stop crying. We also know that many people may think crying is a bad thing and it may be bad for their health. However, in fact, sometimes it is healthy to have some tears. According to the studies, some health problems have something to do with not crying enough. Sometimes people need to cry more because it helps them to get well. Different cultures have different ideas about crying. The people in Indonesia think that crying—unless done by a person who has lost a close friend—is unhealthy and that it can cause health problems. In some other cultures, people usually cry together when they are afraid of something and in times of sadness. People have been studying crying for a long time and here are two interesting studies about crying. A study of 5,000 people in 35 countries made by Professor Ad Vingerhoets found that women usually cried between 30 and 64 times a year while men usually cried 6 to 17 times a year. Vingerhocts thinks that women’s higher prolactin levels (催乳素水平) may cause women to cry more. Prolactin levels are especially higher when women are having babies. Besides that, according to another study, when 150 women were watching the film Steel Magnolias, scientists found 22 percent of them cried and the others didn’t. Those who cried felt more sadness for a long time. The study said crying can make people sadder, and it took people longer to get well. Crying may make people feel better only if it helps with their problems. Studies show comfort from a friend does make people feel that crying is a good idea. So next time you don’t feel good, you can talk with your friend and cry out to make yourself feel better. Try to have a good cry! 1．The underlined words “feel like being on cloud nine” in Paragraph 1 are closest in meaning to “________.” A．feel very great B．feel quite scared C．feel really thankful D．feel truly tired 2．The people in Indonesia think________. A．sometimes crying is good for people B．people show their fear while crying C．crying may cause some healthy problems D．people should cry together when being afraid 3．Why does Professor Ad Vingerhocts talk about prolactin levels in his study? A．To explain why women cry more. B．To show how women have babies. C．To introduce the reason for the study. D．To stress the importance of the study. 4．The writer probably agrees that________. A．most people prefer crying to smiling in daily life B．people may cry more after watching a sad movie C．one can stop crying quickly whenever he wants D．people may feel better after having a good cry 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了人们对哭的看法。 1．词句猜测题。根据“When babies are hungry, they will cry to show their feelings and get tasty food”可知，当婴儿饿的时候，他们会哭来表达自己的感受，并得到美味的食物。结合“of course stop crying.”可知，得到了美味的食物，婴儿就会停止哭泣。选项A“感觉很好”符合语境，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The people in Indonesia think that crying—unless done by a person who has lost a close friend—is unhealthy and that it can cause health problems”可知，印尼人认为哭泣可能会导致一些健康问题。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Vingerhocts thinks that women's higher prolactin levels (催乳素水平) may cause women to cry more.”可知，这是为了来解释为什么女人更爱哭。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“So next time you don’t feel good, you can talk with your friend and cry out to make yourself feel better. Try to have a good cry!”可推断出，人们大哭一场后可能会感觉好一些。故选D。 4.（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末） Scientists have studied the full genetic (基因的) information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. They found new information about the patterns of mutations (突变) , or changes, which could help doctors provide better treatment. Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. But no one has ever used such a large sample size. Serena Nik-Zainal of the University of Cambridge was part of the team that did the research. She said this was “the largest cohort (群体) in the world. It is extraordinary.” Over 12,000 samples in the study came from patients recruited (招募) by Britain’s National Health Service. They were part of a project to study whole genomes (基因组) from people with common cancers and rare diseases. The rest of the data came from existing cancer data sets. Researchers were able to study such a large number because of the same improvements in technology that recently permitted scientists to complete the map of the entire human genome. Andrew Futreal, a genomic expert at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, was not involved in the study. He said the study gave scientists some knowledge of the destructive (破坏性的) forces that caused cancer. Cancer is a disease of the genome or full set of instructions for running cells. It happens when changes in a person’s DNA cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. DNA is a substance (物质) that carries the genetic information in the cells of living things, like a human. In 2020, there were about 19 million new cancer cases worldwide. For the study, researchers looked at 19 different kinds of cancer in the human body. It identified 58 new “mutational signatures”, or pieces of evidence leading to the causes of cancer. Nik-Zainal said researchers also confirmed 51 of more than 70 previously reported mutation patterns. Some arise (出现) because of problems within a person’s cells; others are caused by ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. Knowing more of them “helps us to understand each person’s cancer more precisely,” which can help guide treatment, Nik-Zainal said. Genetic sequencing, the process used to study the makeup of a cell, is already being included in cancer care. It is part of the growing move toward personalized medicine, or care based on a patient’s genes and specific disease. Now doctors will have much more information to draw from when they look at individual cancers. To help doctors use this information, researchers developed a computer program that will let them find common mutation patterns and seek out rare ones. Nik-Zainal said doctors could suggest a treatment based on a special pattern. Futreal said the data can also show doctors what tends to happen over time when a patient develops a cancer with a certain mutation pattern. This will help doctors give earlier treatment and hopefully stop the developing disease. 1．Which of the following statement is true? A．Scientists have studied the full genetic information of more than 18,000 cancer samples. B．They found new information about the patterns of mutations, or changes, that could help doctors provide better treatment. C．Their study, which appeared recently in the publication Science, is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. D．All of the above. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Cancer is a kind of disease that happens when DNA in cells grow or divide. B．Some cancers arise because of problems within a person’s cells. C．Some cancers are caused by ultraviolet radiation, tobacco smoke, or chemicals. D．Genetic sequencing has been used in medical treatment. 3．Which is the best title of the passage? A．Genetic Information in Cancer. B．A Study of Cancer Genetics to Help with Targeted Treatment. C．A Computer Program in Cancer Genetics. D．A New Treatment in Cancer. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。 1．细节理解题。由第一段“Scientists have studied the full genetic information of more than 18,000 cancer samples... which could help doctors provide better treatment.”可知，科学家们研究了18000多个癌症样本的完整基因信息。他们发现了有关突变模式或变化的新信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗，A、B选项表述正确；由第二段中“Their study...is not the first to do such a complete genetic study of cancer samples. ”可知，他们的研究最近发表在《科学》杂志上，这并不是第一个对癌症样本进行如此全面的基因研究，C选项表述正确。以上表述均正确，故选D。 2．推理判断题。由倒数第三段中“Genetic sequencing, the process used to study the makeup of a cell, is already being included in cancer care.”可知， 基因测序是一种用来研究细胞组成的方法，已经被用于癌症治疗。可推测出基因测序已被用于医学治疗。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。由第一段“Scientists have studied the full genetic information...which could help doctors provide better treatment.”和最后一段“Futreal said...This will help doctors give earlier treatment and hopefully stop the developing disease.”以及全文可知，科学家们研究了癌症样本的完整基因信息，这可以帮助医生提供更好的治疗。故B选项“癌症遗传学研究有助于靶向治疗。”符合最佳标题。故选B。 5.（23-24八年级下·北京朝阳·期末） Is there a way to quickly remember information just before taking an exam? Walking backward might be a good idea. Scientists say this activity can help people improve their short-term memory (记忆). Researchers asked 114 volunteers in an experiment to watch a video. After watching the video, the volunteers were split (分成) into three groups. One group was told to walk 10 meters forward. The second group walked 10 meters backward. The third group kept still in one place. All three groups were then asked 20 questions about what they saw in the video. The scientists found that the backward-walking group got two more answers correct on average than the other two groups. This suggests that the concepts (概念) of time and space are important to the formation of memories. When you, walk backward, you see things from a different angle (角度). This difference helps people remember things that happened in the past more easily. When you walk backward, you have to pay closer attention to your surroundings to avoid accidents. By doing so, your senses are sharpened (敏锐的). As a result, you become more attuned to your environment. And walking backward is not just good for our brains. It is also good for the rest of our bodies. Compared to walking forward. walking backward is more challenging. This can help us improve our fitness because walking backward uses more energy in a short time and burns more calories (卡路里). Walking backward is less stressful for our knees. It could be helpful for people who often have pain in their knees. Walking backward also keeps our spines (脊柱) strong, which can help to ease (缓解) pain in the lower back. This might be why many old people like walking backward. Next time when you want to improve your memory, why not try walking backward? It is as simple as it sounds, but remember to “watch” where you are going and who or what you may knock into. 1．What’s the writer’s purpose in mentioning the experiment in Paragraph 2? A．To show walking backward can help improve short-term memory. B．To explain how memories are formed in our brains while walking. C．To point out walking backward can keep us in excellent condition. D．To share scientists’ discovery on walking and watching videos. 2．The words “become more attuned to” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．become prouder of B．understand better of C．take a more active part in D．get more interested in 3．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The differences in walking habits. B．The suggestions on keeping healthy. C．The advantages of walking backward. D．The importance of improving memory. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了向后走对人们的好处。 1．推理判断题。根据“Walking backward might be a good idea. Scientists say this activity can help people improve their short-term memory (记忆).”可知，作者在第二段中提到这个实验的目的是为了证明倒着走有助于改善短期记忆。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“When you walk backward, you have to pay closer attention to your surroundings to avoid accidents. By doing so, your senses are sharpened (敏锐的).”可知，你的感官会变得敏锐，因此你能更好的了解你的环境，因此划线单词的意思是“更好的理解”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了向后走对人们的好处。故选C。 6.（23-24八年级下·北京西城·期末） Research shows that the discovery of exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) has changed science fiction (小说). Now, books and movies present these planets more exactly, making science fiction more important than before. Imagine learning about stars in a classroom. You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class? Science fiction has always caught our attention and it has inspired (激励) scientists to go for their dreams. For this reason, it is sometimes used to communicate science to the public, even complex ideas. To be sure that this is a useful way, it is necessary to understand how science fiction shows actual science. Emma Johanna Puranen and her team from the University of St Andrews and the Austrian Academy of Sciences did some research, studying a lot of science fiction works, including novels, movies, TV shows, podcasts, and video games to see how science fiction reflects (反映) real scientific discoveries about exoplanets. “Most stories that are set in space will finally have a scene (场景) on an exoplanet,” explains Puranen. “The reason for using exoplanets is that there was a huge change in our scientific understanding in 1995 when the first exoplanet around a sun-like star was discovered.” “Traditionally in science fiction, mostly there have been Earth-like planets,” explains Puranen. “But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like.” According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the “Goldilocks zone”, where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it. “I can guess that maybe writers of science fiction are reading all these headlines about worlds that are covered in lava or where it’s raining diamonds, which you see in the media,” says Puranen. Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way. This research highlights the connection between scientific discoveries and creativity. While exploring the universe, science fiction can develop curiosity (好奇心) and make further research possible, making the subject of exoplanets an important example of how science and imagination improve each other. 1．The writer mentioned the movie Star Wars to ________. A．explain what an exoplanet is like in a humorous way B．present the result of the latest research about exoplanets C．show an interesting way of sharing science with everyone D．introduce a popular scientific movie by a famous director 2．How has science fiction changed after the discovery of the first exoplanet? A．It gives more attention to Earth. B．It describes the Earth differently. C．Science fiction has lost interest in explaining exoplanets. D．Exoplanets in science fiction have become less Earth-like. 3．The words “Goldilocks zone” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean ________. A．a space found on an exoplanet B．an important part of our solar system C．an area which is good for scientific activities D．a place that provides living environment for life 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．science fiction has played an active part in communicating science B．scientific discoveries have slowed the development of imagination C．science fiction has become less popular because of scientific discoveries D．new scientific discoveries have made science fiction easier to understand 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“You could start with complex (复杂的) pictures and facts, or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet, Tatooine. Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class?”可知，你可以从复杂的图片和事实开始，或者你也可以看电影《星球大战》。哪个更容易唤醒昏昏欲睡的高中生的兴趣？由此推知，作者提起《星球大战》是为了展示一种分享科学的有趣的方式。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth-like.”可知，自从发现外行星，科幻小说中的外行星就不再像地球了。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据第六段“According to real science, many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the ‘Goldilocks zone’, where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it.”可知，Goldilocks zone是指一种地区，那里的条件对我们所知的生命更友好，结合选项可知，Goldilocks zone可能意为“为生命提供生存环境的地方”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Science fiction, in a way, reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time. This makes it a valuable tool for science communication. It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way.”可知，在某种程度上，科幻小说反映了当时的知识和发现，这使得它成为传播科学的宝贵工具，它能以有趣和易懂的方式向人们介绍新的科学思想。由此推知，作者认为科幻小说在传播科学方面发挥了积极的作用。故选A。 7.（23-24八年级下·北京延庆·期末） Do you enjoy walking in nature? Do you like learning about trees and plants? You may like foraging (觅食)! Foraging is a lot like a treasure hunt. You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat. Foraging is a lot of fun! When you walk in the woods, you can find many kinds of plants. Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat. You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild looking for good plants to eat. While foraging is a lot of fun, you still have to be careful. It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are. Before you go foraging, take a class about it. Learn the look of plants you can eat in the wild. Practice finding them with your foraging teacher. Then join a group of foragers. Look for plants together. Never eat anything until you are sure of what it is. Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous. Foragers follow some important rules. They do not gather all of the plants in one area. If you take all the plants from one area, no more will grow there. Do not look for wild plants in areas where there are a lot of cars, like by a road or parking lot. If the area is very dirty, the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick. 1．What can we know from the passage? A．We should walk in the mountains before foraging. B．We should be sure of what a plant is before we eat it. C．Looking for good plants by the lake can be dangerous. D．Eating plants beside the road can help us forage easier. 2．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Foraging Is Never Easy! B．Foraging Is a Lot of Fun! C．Enjoy Nature with Foraging! D．Follow the Rules of Foraging! 【答案】1．B 2．C 【导语】本文介绍了如何在大自然觅食，虽然觅食很有趣，但你还是要小心。在你完全确定植物是什么之前，不要吃它们。同时觅食时要遵守一些规则。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are.”可知，我们应该在吃植物之前确定它是什么，故选B。 2．标题归纳题。根据“Do you enjoy walking in nature? Do you like learning about trees and plants? You may like foraging (觅食)!”可知，本文主要介绍了觅食的同时享受大自然，故选C。 8.（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末） Bubble tea is from Taiwan, China. It’s like a drink and a snack (小吃) in one cup. It’s winning fans around the world. To enjoy bubble tea, you will likely need a wide straw (吸管). Why? To get a fun surprise! Bubble tea is made with tea, of course. It also has milk, and often ice. But here’s what makes bubble tea really special. There are chewy (耐嚼的) things in it. They’re usually at the bottom of the cup. Most often, they are sweet balls made of tapioca (木薯淀粉). Some people think the balls look like bubbles (泡泡). That’s how the drink got its name. Others say it’s called bubble tea because of the bubbles on top of the drink. They appear when the drink is shaken. Bubble tea was invented in Taiwan in the 1980s. People loved it. Soon it became popular in other places in Asia. In the 1990s, bubble tea shops started appearing in the US. Now, these shops are on the rise all over the world. Thinking of trying a bubble tea? Get ready to face a lot of hard but tasty decisions. Some shops offer over a hundred flavours. Would you like strawberry or banana? Or maybe you’re up for chocolate? You could go for the classic milk tea, of course. And there are lots of other things you can choose to put in too, like red beans. You might need a break after making all those decisions. Guess what? A bubble tea shop can be a great place to relax. Some young people go to these shops with friends to play games or study. So in more ways than one, bubble tea can be a sweet part of life. 1．Which of the following makes bubble tea special? A．The ice. B．The milk. C．The wide straw. D．The chewy things. 2．What happened in the 1990s? A．Bubble tea shops appeared in the US. B．People in Taiwan invented bubble tea. C．People in Asia began to like bubble tea. D．Bubble tea shops were found around the world. 3．The word “flavours” Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．how the drink tastes B．where people can buy the drink C．how much the drink costs D．who sells the drink to customers 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Bubble tea is too sweet for some people. B．People can relax themselves in a bubble tea shop. C．A bubble tea shop can help people make new plans. D．People of all ages would like to go to bubble tea shops. 5．Why did the writer write this passage? A．To introduce a popular drink. B．To give advice on making drinks. C．To tell a story behind a special drink. D．To make a report on people’s favourite drinks. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了奶茶来自中国台湾，并在世界各地赢得了粉丝。 1．细节理解题。根据“But here’s what makes bubble tea really special. There are chewy (耐嚼的) things in it.”可知耐嚼的东西就是奶茶真正特别的地方。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In the 1990s, bubble tea shops started appearing in the US.”可知20世纪90年代，奶茶店开始出现在美国。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Some shops offer over a hundred flavours. Would you like strawberry or banana? Or maybe you’re up for chocolate?”可知是指一些商店提供一百多种口味。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“A bubble tea shop can be a great place to relax.”可知奶茶店是放松身心的好地方。故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文讲述了奶茶来自中国台湾，并在世界各地赢得了粉丝。因此是为了介绍一种受欢迎的饮料。故选A。 9.（23-24八年级下·天津和平·期末） You might have heard about identity theft (身份盗窃): it means a thief gets enough of someone’s information to commit fraud (诈骗). Why should people care about it? Because recovering a stolen identity can be a hard process. Imagine that someone opens a credit card in your name, gets a cell phone number in your name, or buys things using a credit card that has your name on it. ID thieves can be creative about getting your information. There are some low-tech ways they get it: sometimes they steal rubbish, going through it to find personal information, or they steal mail. There are high-tech ways, too: ID thieves might put software onto your computer secretly. The software, called badware, let a thief see everything on your computer, and record everything you type on your computer. Unluckily, even if you’re really careful with your personal information, thieves can still get your personal information. Sometimes, they get into computer systems at shops, schools, hospitals or businesses. They look for personal information to use or sell to other thieves. It’s pretty easy for you and your family to stop a thief stealing your identity. You can start with the low-tech defenses (防御). Be careful with your mail and rubbish. And be sure to take care of your wallet, or your backpack. It’s especially important not to carry your Social Security card with you. Keep it in a safe place at home. Practice some higher-tech defenses, too: protect your computer by turning on an up-to-date firewall (防火墙). Once you’re online, be careful with your personal information. When you get emails or pop-ups on your computer, don’t respond automatically (自动响应). Stop and think before you click—it could help keep your information private, and keep badware off your computer. 1．What is the meaning of “recovering” in paragraph 1? A．再利用 B．改变 C．恢复 D．再覆盖 2．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．It is easy for your mail to be stolen. B．Even some useless things can make you face the danger of identity theft. C．We cannot throw rubbish in order to protect our personal information. D．We should put away our mail to avoid identity theft. 3．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in the third paragraph? A．It’s impossible to find a way to stop identity theft. B．People can protect their personal information as long as they are careful enough. C．Thieves are very good at finding ways to collect people’s personal information. D．It’s hard for a thief to collect your personal information. 4．Which best shows the writer’s idea about identity theft? A．Identity theft will finally be stopped as computer software becomes better. B．Identity theft is a serious problem that can be reduced with a few simple habits. C．Identity theft happens more commonly to adults because they aren’t good at using computers. D．Identity theft is an easy problem that can be dealt within a second. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了身份盗窃的概念及其危害，以及如何保护个人信息不被盗窃。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Imagine that someone opens a credit card in your name, gets a cell phone number in your name, or buys things using a credit card that has your name on it.”可知，如果你的身份被盗窃，那么可能有人会用你的名字开信用卡、申请手机号码，或者用有你名字的信用卡买东西。这些事情都会给你带来巨大的麻烦，导致很难恢复你被盗窃的身份。由此猜测，recovering意为“恢复”。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“sometimes they steal rubbish, going through it to find personal information, or they steal mail.”可知，身份窃贼可以通过偷垃圾和信件来得到你的信息，由此推知，即使是一些没用的东西也能让你面临身份被盗的危险。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Unluckily, even if you’re really careful with your personal information, thieves can still get your personal information.”可知，不幸的是，即使你非常小心你的个人信息，窃贼仍然可以得到你的个人信息。由此推知，窃贼很擅长找到收集人们个人信息的方法。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“You might have heard about identity theft (身份盗窃): it means a thief gets enough of someone’s information to commit fraud (诈骗).”和第四段“You can start with the low-tech defenses (防御). Be careful with your mail and rubbish. And be sure to take care of your wallet, or your backpack. It’s especially important not to carry your Social Security card with you. Keep it in a safe place at home.”可知，身份盗窃是一个严重的问题，可以通过一些简单的习惯来减少。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段用于引出“身份盗窃”这个主题；第二、三段介绍了身份窃贼如何盗窃个人信息；第四、五段介绍了我们应该如何保护个人信息。故选A。 10.（23-24八年级下·天津河东·期末） Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. It is small and red and cold. No one believes anything lives there—until the first spaceship lands on the earth. At first, people are eager (急切的) to welcome the alien visitors. But then they find out the scary truth: The Martians (火星人) have come to conquer (征服) the planet! They’re very smart, and they have terrifying machines. Is the earth ready for The War of the Worlds? Read this book to find out. The ending will surprise you. This is a very popular science-fiction (科幻) story written by British writer H. G. Wells. The action is very exciting. The story moves quickly. Though the book is set in (以……为背景) England in 1898, today’s readers will still have much in common with this book. Other easy books in Bullseye Step into Classics series (系列) also can take you on a great reading trip! Look for books such as Little Women and The Time Machine. Read them all! It’s great for beginners in English. 1．How do the Martians come to the earth? They come to the earth by ________. A．spaceship B．paper machine C．airplane D．rocket 2．What do the Martians want to do on the earth? They want to ________. A．live on the earth B．become aliens C．conquer the earth D．write books 3．What kind of story does this book belong to? It belongs to ________ stories. A．true and exciting B．true C．boring D．science-fiction 4．Why do today’s readers still like this book? Because it’s ________. A．written by H. G B．very exciting C．very old D．only for beginners 5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The writer wants readers to know about this book. B．The writer introduces more books in Bullseye Step into Classics series. C．The writer tells us the series are suitable for beginners. D．The writer is planning a war between Mars and the earth. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了一部描写火星人入侵地球的科幻小说——《世界大战》。 1．细节理解题。根据“No one believes anything lives there—until the first spaceship lands on the earth.”可知，火星人是乘宇宙飞船来到地球的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The Martians (火星人) have come to conquer (征服) the planet!”可知，火星人是来征服地球的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“This is a very popular science-fiction (科幻) story written by British writer H. G. Wells.”可知，这是一部很受欢迎的科幻小说。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The action is very exciting. The story moves quickly. ”可知，书中的动作非常令人兴奋，故事发展得很快，所以现在的读者仍喜欢这本书。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Is the earth ready for ‘The War of the Worlds’? Read this book to find out.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了一部科幻小说，书中的内容是关于火星人入侵地球的，并不是作者在策划一场火星和地球之间的战争。故选D。 11.（23-24八年级下·天津滨海新·期末） Many people say dolphins are clever. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they as smart as humans, or are they more like cats and dogs? Dolphins use their brains (脑) quite differently from humans. But scientists say dolphins and humans are alike in some ways. How? Like humans, every dolphin has its own “name”. The name is a special whistle (啸声). Each dolphin chooses a specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Dolphins are like people in other ways, too. They “talk” to each other about a lot of things—such as their age, their feelings, and finding food. They also use a system of sounds and body language to communicate. Understanding dolphin conversation is not easy for humans. No one “speaks dolphin” yet, but some scientists are trying to learn. Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups, and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun—just like people. Scientists believe playing together is something only clever animals do. Dolphins and humans are almost the same in another way: both of them make plans for getting things they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use a smart way to get food. When there are fish near a boat, dolphins signal (发信号) to the fishermen to put their nets (网) in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. Why do dolphins help the men? There is an advantage for them: Some fish run away from the net and the dolphins get to eat them. 1．When does a dolphin usually get its “name”? A．It gets it on its first birthday. B．It gets it when it grows up. C．It gets it while eating fish. D．It gets it after it dies. 2．In Paragraph 3, others refers to other ________. A．fishermen B．people C．dolphins D．games 3．What do dolphins talk about to each other? A．Their name, feelings, and playing games. B．Their age, feelings, and finding food. C．Their jobs, feelings, and finding food. D．Their age, feelings, and singing songs. 4．Why do dolphins help fishermen catch fish according to the passage? A．The dolphins can get food that way. B．They enjoy playing with the fishermen. C．They have a good relationship with humans. D．The fishermen ask the dolphins for help. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Dolphins are clever animals. B．Dolphins help humans catch fish. C．Dolphins communicate in a special way. D．Dolphins and humans share some same things. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚与人类的相似之处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Like humans, every dolphin has its own ‘name’. The name is a special whistle (啸声). Each dolphin chooses a specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday.”可知，每只海豚通常在一岁生日时为自己选择一种特定的哨声，作为自己的名字。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups, and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun—just like people.”可知，海豚是群居动物。它们经常加入来自不同队伍的其他海豚一起玩游戏。“others”指的是“其他海豚”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“They ‘talk’ to each other about a lot of things—such as their age, their feelings, and finding food.”可知，它们互相“谈论”很多事情，比如年龄、感受以及寻找食物。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Why do dolphins help the men? There is an advantage for them: Some fish run away from the net and the dolphins get to eat them.”可知，海豚帮助渔民捕鱼，是因为它们通过这种方式可以获得食物。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“But scientists say dolphins and humans are alike in some ways. How?”可知，本文主要介绍了海豚与人类的相似之处。故选D。 12.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） On April 21, China showed the world’s first high-definition lunar atlas (高清月球图集). This is the first time since the 1970s that we’ve seen new maps of the moon. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, 中国科学院) is behind the great project. It said that the new maps will help scientists with future moon rescarch. “We’ve made great progress in studying the moon in recent years,” said Liu Jianzhong from CAS. “But we’re still using the maps from about half a century ago. Those old maps can’t help us with future research.” In 2012, Liu and his partner Ouyang, Ziyuan started making new maps of the moon with a team of great scientists from across the country. The team mainly used data from China’s Chang’e Project. They also used information from studies by other countries. The old maps of the moon were provided on a 1:5 million scale (比例). But the new ones with a scale of 1:2.5 million offer more details. They show the exact locations of big discoveries on the moon. These include 17 types of rocks, 14 types of structures and many other things. According to CAS, the new maps will be very helpful to China’s future efforts to study the moon. For example, they can help us find safe landing places. The new maps are now on the Digital Moon cloud platform (数字月球平台). It was built by Chinese scientists. The atlas, however, will soon be used by scientists from all over the world. In a word, they’ll be able to better understand the history of the moon with the new maps. They can also use them in their own future moon study. 1．When did Chinese people see the new maps of moon? A．On April 20. B．On April 21. C．In 2012. D．In 1970. 2．Which of the following is not the advantage of the new maps? A．Offering more details. B．Showing the exact locations. C．Finding safe landing places. D．Finding a place to live. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②③/④⑤ 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．The scientists on the Moon. B．The New Maps of the Moon. C．China’s Chang’e Project. D．The Great History of the Moon. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国向世界展示了第一张高清月球图集。 1．细节理解题。根据“On April 21, China showed the world’s first high-definition lunar atlas (高清月球图集). This is the first time since the 1970s that we’ve seen new maps of the moon.”可知，中国人在4月21日看到了新的月球地图。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The old maps of the moon were provided on a 1:5 million scale (比例). But the new ones with a scale of 1:2.5 million offer more details. They show the exact locations of big discoveries on the moon. ... For example, they can help us find safe landing places.”可知，新的地图的优势有提供更详细的信息，展示准确的位置及有助于找到安全的着陆点，没有提及找到住的地方。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段引出主题“新的高清月球图集”；第二到第四段介绍制作新的月球图集的原因及优势；最后一段进行总结。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据“On April 21, China showed the world’s first high-definition lunar atlas (高清月球图集).”并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国向世界展示了第一张高清月球图集。故选B。 13.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） In space, astronauts have to solve (解决) two problems: How to get food and how to keep their spaceship clean. They need to solve them in order to stay alive. They are in a spaceship far from the earth, and they need to take care of everything themselves. They need to be sure they have what they need to live there, because the astronauts may be in space for weeks. Here is how they solved the food problem. At first, the astronauts took tubes of semi-liquid (半流质的) food with them into space. They look like the toothpaste (牙膏) you use when you brush your teeth. The food did not taste great, but because astronauts did not need to take dishes with them, they had no dishes to wash. Today’s spaceships have a bigger menu. Astronauts can eat from bowls. In fact, they take cereal (谷类食物) and other foods with them. The foods are kept in a special way to stay fresh. They have a kitchen in the spaceship. Its oven can heat food to 170 degrees. The kitchen has water and sets of meals that come on plates. The astronauts choose their menu before they go into space. They take a lot of food with them. How do they keep the kitchen clean? They do not have to worry about mice or other rodents (啮齿动物). They make sure that there are no rodents before the ship leaves. But sometimes mice travel on the ship. Those mice are part of experiments. They live in cages. How do astronauts keep their plates clean? That is another health problem the astronauts solve. They need to stay healthy in space. To carry a lot of water to wash plates would be much heavier. They take wet wipes (纸巾) in bags. They use them to clean plates. Therefore, their kitchen is clean and they stay healthy. 1．What can we know about astronauts? A．They want to live far from the earth. B．They like to take care of themselves. C．They have to live in space for weeks. D．They need to keep the spaceship clean. 2．Which picture can best show the meaning of the underlined word “tube”? A．B． C． D． 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Astronauts need to grow their own food in space. B．Astronauts can not brush their teeth in the spaceship. C．Astronauts needn’t worry about mice or other animals in space. D．Astronauts use water to wash their plates in space. 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To invite us to have a trip to the spaceship. B．To teach us how to keep our kitchen clean. C．To show us the ways to have healthy food in space. D．To introduce how astronauts solve their problems in space. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇航员如何在太空飞船中获取食物以及如何保持太空飞船的清洁。 1．细节理解题。根据“In space, astronauts have to solve (解决) two problems: How to get food and how to keep their spaceship clean.”可知，宇航员在太空需要保持太空飞船的清洁。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“At first, the astronauts took tubes of semi-liquid (半流质的) food with them into space. They look like the toothpaste (牙膏) you use when you brush your teeth.”可知，宇航员们带的半流质的食物看起来就像刷牙时用的牙膏，结合选项可知，B选项符合题意。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They do not have to worry about mice or other rodents (啮齿动物). They make sure that there are no rodents before the ship leaves.”可知，宇航员们不必担心太空中的老鼠或其他动物。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“In space, astronauts have to solve (解决) two problems: How to get food and how to keep their spaceship clean.”及结合文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空飞船中如何获取食物及如何保持太空飞船的清洁，因此D选项符合题意。故选D。 14.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） “Are we alone? What’s out there?” Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists have been working hard to find the secrets of the universe. Here we’re going to go through a timeline of the important moments of space exploration (探索). What is the Big Bang Theory (理论)? The Big Bang Theory is an idea about how our universe began. Many scientists believe that everything in the universe was pressed together and then it separated into smaller pieces very quickly about 14 billion years ago to create the universe. The Big Bang is thought to be the beginning of everything in the universe. What is the Hubble Space Telescope (望远镜)? The Hubble Space Telescope was put into space in 1990. Hubble is as long as a large school bus and it weighs as much as two elephants. Hubble is able to get clear pictures of faraway stars. A picture called “Hubble Ultra Deep Field” shows some of the farthest galaxies. Pictures from Hubble help scientists learn more about the universe. What is FAST? China’s Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope is better known as FAST. It is in Guizhou, China, and it has been used since September 25th, 2016. Its 500-metr e dish is the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope. Scientists can use it to search for signals (信号) of communication that are not coming from the earth. If scientists find such things, maybe there is life somewhere else in the universe! What is Shenzhou-18? Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship was sent into space from Jiuquan on April 25, 2024. On May 28, the crew members completed the first spacewalk of their mission. The task has set a new record for the longest single spacewalk by Chinese astronouts. During their six-month stay in space, the crew will carry out more than 90 experiments (实验) in space. 1．When did Gcorges Lemaitre suggest the idea of the Big Bang Theory？ A．In 1927. B．In 1990. C．In 2016. D．In 2024. 2．Why can the Hubble Space Telescope help scientists study the universe？ A．It is long and heavy enough. B．It takes clear photos of space. C．It tells the beginning of the universe. D．It travels to some of the farthest galaxies. 3．What can we know about China’s space exploration from the passage？ A．FAST can send signals into the universe to help find life. B．FAST is a dish-like radio telescope travelling in the universe. C．The astronauts in Shenzhou-18 will work in space for several months. D．The three astronauts took the first spacewalk of their mission on April 25. 4．What is the best title for the passage？ A．Space Exploration: Searching for Life in Space B．Space Exploration: Exciting Moments of China C．Space Exploration: A Better Future for Scientists D．Space Exploration: Great Progress Humans Made 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇宙大爆炸理论、哈勃太空望远镜、中国的FAST和神舟十八号载人飞船与太空探索相关的知识。 1．细节理解题。根据图片中“1927 Georges Lemaitre first suggested the Big Bang Theory”可知，Georges Lemaitre在1927年提出了宇宙大爆炸理论。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Hubble is able to get clear pictures of faraway stars.”可知，因为Hubble Space Telescope可以帮助科学家拍摄到清晰的照片。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“During their six-month stay in space, the crew will carry out more than 90 experiments (实验) in space.”可知，神舟十八号的宇航员将在太空工作几个月。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了宇宙大爆炸理论、哈勃太空望远镜、中国的FAST和神舟十八号载人飞船与太空探索相关的知识，故本文最佳标题应为“太空探索：人类取得的巨大进步”。故选D。 15.（23-24八年级下·辽宁大连·期末） Do you want to be an astronaut in the future? Every year on April 24, it’s Space Day of China. It’s a day to celebrate the country’s growth in space exploration (探索). Ever since Yang Liwei made it to space in 2003, as many as 20 Chinese astronauts have gone to space. In space, astronauts face many problems. There is little gravity (重力) there, which affects their bodies. Also, being away from family and friends and stuck in a tiny spaceship for a long time can make them feel sad or stressed out. What’s more, if something goes wrong on their mission suddenly, they have to work out how to fix it under huge pressure (压力). That’s why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space. To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, “Eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, are set,” Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical training, it also includes basic science knowledge and mock (模拟) missions. Before astronauts can go to space, they train like this for at least three and a half years. One of the hardest parts of the training for astronauts is the underwater training. This helps them get ready for the weightless environment in space. Huang explained that astronauts wear diving suits that weigh more than 100 kilograms and stay underwater for six hours at a time. Moving around in the water with such a heavy suit is really tiring. Huang said that one astronaut, Nie Haisheng, even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise. 1．When is Space Day of China? A．On March 20. B．On May 5. C．On June 10. D．On April 24. 2．The underlined word “fix” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．feed B．change C．solve D．use 3．What do Paragraph 4 and 5 mainly tell us? A．How the astronauts are trained. B．What problems astronauts face. C．How the astronauts feel in space. D．How many subjects of training there are. 4．What can we infer from Huang’s words in the last paragraph? A．The underwater training is a way to lose weight. B．The astronauts must train very hard to work in space. C．It is fun to move around in the water with a special suit. D．It takes time for the astronauts to accept the environment in space. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了航天员在太空中会面临许多艰难的问题，因此他们在进入太空前要经历的严苛的训练。 1．细节理解题。根据“Every year on April 24, it’s Space Day of China.”可知，每年的4月24日，是中国航天日。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“What’s more, if something goes wrong on their mission suddenly, they have to work out how to fix it under huge pressure (压力).”可知，更重要的是，如果他们的任务突然出现问题，他们必须在巨大的压力下找出解决办法。由此可知，fix意为“修理，解决”，与solve近义。故选C。 3．段落大意题。根据“Apart from physical training, it also includes basic science knowledge and mock (模拟) missions.”和“One of the hardest parts of the training for astronauts is the underwater training.”可知，第4段和第5段主要讲述了航天员们是如何参加训练的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“That’s why astronauts have to be smart, strong, and ready for any challenge before they can go to space.”、“Apart from physical training, it also includes basic science knowledge and mock (模拟) missions.”和“One of the hardest parts of the training for astronauts is the underwater training.”可知，在太空中，航天员们在太空中会面临许多艰难的问题，因此他们在进入太空前必须经过严苛的训练。故选B。 16.（23-24八年级下·安徽淮南·期末） Do you like eating pineapples? Come to enjoy the Eleuthera Pineapple Festival. It has a history of over 30 years. It’s in early June on the Island of Eleuthera. Every year people from all over the Bahamas and other places come here to enjoy this festival. Delicious foods and drinks are here and there at the festival. Everyone can find something to enjoy. Do you know how pineapples grow? Go to the farm to have a look. You may be shocked to find that pineapples don’t grow on trees—they grow out of the ground! There are many different activities during this festival. One fun activity is the pineapple-eating contest (比赛). People can’t use their hands to eat a pineapple. The one who eats up the pineapple first wins. People can also be in the pineapple-cooking contest. They can make different kinds of foods like cakes, pies, juices and ice-cream by using pineapples. Some big people try the food and choose the best one as the winner. You’ll see beautiful artworks made by people there at the festival. There are many other activities at the same time. Some people play music all day and night. You can sing and dance to the music. The Eleuthera Pineapple Festival usually ends with a street parade (游行). Join it and you’ll have lots of fun. 1．What does the writer talk about the Eleuthera Pineapple Festival? A．It’s in late June. B．It’s a new festival. C．People celebrate it for a week. D．People can enjoy nice foods and drinks at it. 2．What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about? A．Two great activities. B．Why the festival is important. C．A great way to eat pineapples. D．How to use pineapples to make food. 3．Why did the writer write the passage? A．To talk about a fun festival. B．To ask people to visit an island. C．To show the great use of pineapples. D．To tell people to eat more pineapples. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了菠萝节的相关内容，包括其时间，地点，庆祝方式，有趣活动等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Come to enjoy the Eleuthera Pineapple Festival. It has a history of over 30 years. It’s in early June on the Island of Eleuthera. Delicious foods and drinks are here and there at the festival.”可知，Eleuthera Pineapple Festival有超过30年的历史，在六月早期举行，人们在节日中可以享受各种食物和饮品，文中没有提到庆祝时间持续多久。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are many different activities during this festival. ”并通读整段可知，这两段分别介绍了“吃菠萝比赛”和“菠萝烹饪比赛”两个活动。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you like eating pineapples? Come to enjoy the Eleuthera Pineapple Festival.”并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个有趣的节日。故选A。 17.（22-23八年级下·安徽芜湖·期末） Can plants eat people? Probably not, but there are many plants that eat meat. Some of them are big and they can eat small animals. One famous meat eating plant is the Venus flytrap（捕蝇草）. The Venus flytrap is a very strange plant. It grows in dry parts of the United States. Its leaves are like the pages of a book, they can open and close very quickly. Inside the leaves, there are three small hairs. If a fly（苍蝇）touches one of the hairs, the leaves will close quickly. The fly cannot get out. In about half an hour, the leaves press the fly until it is dead. Then the plant covers the fly. Slowly the plant eats the fly. Why do plants do it? Most plants get what they need from the sun, the air and the ground. In some places, the ground is very poor. It doesn’t have all these important things, but animal meat has a lot of these important things. So some plants eat meat to get what they need. Let’s hope that some of the bigger plants don’t get the same idea! 1．The Venus flytrap grows in ________. A．most parts of the world B．some parts of Africa C．dry parts of the United States D．wet parts of England 2．What will happen if a fly touches one of the hairs in the Venus flytraps leaves? A．The leaves will close very fast. B．The leaves will eat the fly. C．The leaves will kill the fly. D．The leaves will play with the fly. 3．Most of the plants get what they need from ________. A．the sun B．the air C．the ground D．all of the above 4．Why do some plants eat animal meat? A．Because plants are dangerous to animals. B．Because animals are dangerous to plants. C．Because plants want to get what they need from animal meat. D．Because plants want to protect themselves against animals. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文描写了世界上的食肉植物，以捕蝇草为例讲述了植物的捕食过程，并解释了植物捕食动物的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Venus flytrap is a very strange plant. It grows in dry parts of the United States”可知捕蝇草是一种非常奇怪的植物。它生长在美国干燥的地方。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“If a fly（苍蝇）touches one of the hairs, the leaves will close quickly”可知如果一只苍蝇碰到其中一根毛，叶子就会很快合上。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Most plants get what they need from the sun, the air and the ground”可知大多数植物从阳光、空气和地面获得所需的养分。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“but animal meat has a lot of these important things. So some plants eat meat to get what they need”可知植物吃动物肉是想从动物的肉中获取它们需要的东西。故选C。 18.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末） When you read the word “pickled vegetables (榨菜)”, what’s the first thing that comes to mind? Salty vegetables? That’s true. We usually eat them during the breakfast with porridge or noodles. Now, another similar word “electronic pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)” has arrived on the Internet. Do you know what they are? Well, electronic pickled vegetables are not something you can eat, but something you can watch! Sounds strange, many young people in China don’t have time to enjoy themselves or talk to their friends. Instead, they always eat alone. So they watch funny videos while eating. It’s like a friend telling you the best stories by your side. And these videos are called electronic pickled vegetables. They are usually short, such as cartoons, different kinds of shows or music. Different people have different opinions. Some think that electronic pickled vegetables can distract people from eating. That’s because you may laugh along with a cartoon character and forget to eat. However, others think they can make eating more enjoyable and less lonely. There is an interesting study showing that when you’re eating and watching videos at the same time, you can’t feel how full you are, and then you will eat more and get fat easily. 1．What do we usually eat for breakfast from the passage? A．porridge B．noodles C．pickled vegetables D．all of the above 2．According to the passage, which one of the following is the electronic pickled vegetables? A．scary movies B．news reports C．funny cartoons D．Beijing operas 3．What does the underlined word “distract” mean in Paragraph 3? A．stop B．learn C．hear D．start 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pickled vegetables are sweet vegetables. B．Electronic pickled vegetables are something you can eat. C．Young people always eat with their friends. D．Electronic pickled vegetables will make people eat more and get fat easily. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Pickled Vegetables B．Electronic Pickled Vegetables C．Interesting Short Videos D．Eating Habits 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“电子榨菜”这一概念。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We usually eat them during the breakfast with porridge or noodles.”可知，早餐我们经常吃粥、面条和榨菜。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And these videos are called electronic pickled vegetables. They are usually short, such as cartoons, different kinds of shows or music.”可知，电子榨菜通常很短，比如动画片、各种各样的节目或音乐。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“That’s because you may laugh along with a cartoon character and forget to eat.”可知，你可能会和卡通人物一起笑，忘记吃饭，所以划线部分的含义是“阻止”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“There is an interesting study showing that when you’re eating and watching videos at the same time, you can’t feel how full you are, and then you will eat more and get fat easily.”可知，电子榨菜会让人吃得更多，更容易发胖。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍“电子榨菜”这一概念。故选B。 19.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末） Have you heard of a cloud forest? Is it the same as a rainforest? Actually, it’s a very special kind of forest in cloudy mountains. There, clouds brush through trees and wet their leaves. Rain falls almost every day. Hundreds of mosses(苔藓) grow and cover everything like a soft, green coat. Plants of cloud forests live in an unusual way. They grow on the branches of trees instead of on the ground. The air is very damp, so plants can get all the water they need from the fog and rain. They live on the high parts of trees so that they can get more light to be stronger. There are many kinds of special animals in cloud forests. For example, tree kangaroos live in trees like monkeys. They use their long tails to balance just as monkeys do. Frogs have suckers(吸盘) on their toes so they can climb up trees and cross leaves easily. Many other special animals are waiting for us to discover, aren’t they? Cloud forests are important to people. They give us healthy food crops, such as wild beans, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes and strawberries. Furthermore, they offer new medicine to treat cancer. Unluckily, the beautiful forests are in danger now. Why? Firstly, the climate is getting warmer, but plants and animals in cloud forests like to live where it’s cool. It’s difficult for them to find a proper place to live in. Secondly, people cut down many trees to plant crops or feed cows. The animals are losing their homes. Once cloud forests are gone, there must be a huge loss to humans. Save the cloud forests before it’s too late! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples. C．By showing numbers. D．By asking questions. 2．What does the underlined word “damp” mean in paragraph 2? A．Dry. B．Sunny. C．Wet. D．Snowy. 3．According to the passage, many things live in cloud forests, including ________. ①mosses    ②blueberries    ③frogs with suckers ④monkeys    ⑤tree kangaroos A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②④⑤ D．③④⑤ 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．We can use healthy food crops to make medicine for headache. B．Hundreds of mosses grow because it’s always sunny in cloud forests. C．The animals are losing their homes because people cut down many trees. D．Plants need more water to be strong so they grow on the high parts of trees. 5．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To save the cloud forests. B．To introduce plants in cloud forests. C．To describe the cloud forests. D．To discover animals in cloud forests. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了云林里的动物植物以及它现在面临的环境危机，呼吁人们保护云林。 1．篇章结构题。根据“ Have you heard of a cloud forest? Is it the same as a rainforest?”可知开篇部分作者提出了两个问题。因此文章以问题引入话题。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“ so plants can get all the water they need from the fog and rain.”可知植物可以从雾和雨中获得所需的所有水分。因此空气是非常湿润的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“ Hundreds of mosses(苔藓) grow and cover everything like a soft,”可知，有苔藓，根据第三段可知，树袋鼠，脚蹼上有吸盘的青蛙生活在云林里，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“ people cut down many trees to plant crops or feed cows. The animals are losing their homes.”可知人类砍伐树木，导致动物们失去了家园。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ Save the cloud forests before it’s too late!”“在为时已晚之前拯救云林！”可知作者想要呼吁人们关注云林，拯救云林。故选A。 20.（23-24八年级下·广东珠海·期末） What will the future houses be like? Will they have gardens on their walls? Can they control the houses’ temperature? Architects believe that there are many different possibilities. But the only thing for sure is that the houses will be as green as possible. The Tree House: Many architects would like to build a “tree house” like a leaf. The surface of the house collects sunlight during the day. The sunlight energy can be used to heat water, drive household machines, and even provide fresh air for the home. The “root” of the house is deep under the ground. It uses the soil to control the home’s temperature. The Lizard (蜥蜴) House: Like a lizard, changing colour with the weather is the most important design of a lizard house. When it’s in the bright sun, the cover of the house will turn white to protect it from strong heat. During cloudy days, it turns dark and takes in as much light and heat as possible to produce energy for lighting. The Garden House: Food production will be one part of the house design. Gardens may appear on the outside walls of the house. People can plant vegetables on them. So they just need to walk outside and collect vegetables every day. The Self-cleaning House: Things like floor, wall, and sofa in the Self-cleaning House will be cleaned or dried by themselves. People don’t need to clean them or get them dried under the sun, so that they can have more time to rest. 1．People can’t use the sun light energy from the Tree House to ________. A．heat water B．control the home’s temperature C．create fresh air D．drive household machines 2．What does the underlined word “produce” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．make B．complete C．control D．protect 3．Sam likes growing vegetables by himself, so he can live in ________. A．the Tree House B．the Lizard House C．the Garden House D．the Self-cleaning House 4．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．the Tree House uses the root to collect the sunlight during the daytime B．the cover of the Lizard House will turn black to protect it from strong heat C．people living in the Garden House can get all the food in their house D．you can live in the Self-cleaning House if you don’t like doing housework 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．What a Garden House is Like B．How to Build Green Houses C．The Green Houses in the Future D．Get More Rest in the Future Houses 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】 本文主要介绍了未来房屋的可能性和设计理念，并举出几个例子来阐述未来房子将更加节能环保。 1．细节理解题。根据“The sunlight energy can be used to heat water, drive household machines, and even provide fresh air for the home.”可知太阳能可以用来加热水，驱动家用机器，甚至为家庭提供新鲜空气，不能用太阳能控制家里温度。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“During cloudy days, it turns dark and takes in as much light and heat as possible to produce energy for lighting”可知在阴天，它变暗，吸收尽可能多的光和热，为照明产生能量，故划线处意为“制造”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“The Garden House: Food production will be one part of the house design. Gardens may appear on the outside walls of the house. People can plant vegetables on them. So they just need to walk outside and collect vegetables every day”可知如果喜欢种植蔬菜，可以住在花园住宅里。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Self-cleaning House will be cleaned or dried by themselves.People don’t need to clean them or get them dried under the sun, so that they can have more time to rest.”可知自洁屋的地板、墙壁、沙发等都是自动清洁或晒干的，人们不需要清洗或在太阳下晒干，这样他们就有更多的时间休息，所以如果你不喜欢做家务，你可以住在自动清洁屋。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。根据“But the only thing for sure is that the houses will be as green as possible.”并通读全文可知，本文通过举例介绍了未来“绿色环保”的房子，以选项C“未来的绿色房子”为标题最合适。故选C。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$