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第五讲 特殊句式
专题四 句式全解篇
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特殊句式是指几种不同于普通句式的句子。包括:①强调句式;②部分倒装句式;③全部倒装句式;④省略句式;⑤There be句式(属于全部倒装句式的一种)。
强调句的基本用法
分类
用法
例句
肯定句
It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时可用 who/that,被强调部分为“物”时,只能用that
It was in the street that I met him yesterday.
我昨天是在街上遇到了他。
It was yesterday that he was absent.
他缺课是在昨天。
It is you who/that are to clean the classroom.
是你要打扫教室。
一般疑问句
Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他成分
Was it Sally that phoned just now?
刚才打电话的是莎丽吗?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分
Where was it that Shakespeare was born?
莎士比亚出生的地方究竟是在哪里?
not...until
It is/was not until+...+that+其他成分
It is not until you've finished your homework that you are allowed to go out.
直到你完成了作业,你才能出去。
强调谓语动词
将助动词do,does或did 放在动词原形前
He does know the place well.
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
He did phone you yesterday.
他昨天的确给你打过电话。
[温馨提示]
(1)被强调的部分是状语从句
It was when Asimov was 11 years old that his talent for writing became obvious.
就是在阿西莫夫11岁时他的写作才华就开始变得明显。
(2)被强调的部分含有定语从句
It was at a bank that lies on the main street that the old man was robbed of 1,000 dollars.
就是在位于主干道上的一家银行,这位老人被抢走了1 000美元。
there be 句型
there be句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。在这种结构中,there 是引导词,be 后面的名词是主语,句子的结尾是地点(时间)状语。
1.there be句型的主谓一致
如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词be要采用就近一致原则。
There is a pen,two books,and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔,两本书,还有许多铅笔。
There are two girls and one boy in the house.
家里有两个女孩和一个男孩。
2.there be句型的时态
there be句型有不同时态的形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There was a meeting in our school yesterday.
昨天在我们学校召开了一个会议。
There will be a new film on Sunday.
星期日将上映一部新电影。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自那时起,我们国家发生了很多巨大的变化。
3.there be句型的注意点
(1)there be句型中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或表示更加具体或形象的动词 remain, stand,lie,go, come, exist,live等替换。
There seems to be something wrong with it.
这事好像有什么毛病。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.
山顶有座庙。
There exist different opinions on this question.
关于这个问题存在着不同的意见。
(2)there be句型的非谓语形式
There being no enough time left, we have to hurry.
所剩的时间不多了,我们得快点。
(3)there be的常用句型
There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.
做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...
毫无疑问……
There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.
(某人)没必要做某事
There is no difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.
做某事没困难
倒装句
完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语(here, there, now,then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等)置于句首,且主语为名词时
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处,坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。
部分倒装
表示否定意义的词或短语(never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case, no sooner等)置于句首时
only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句,且置于句首时
“so/neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也是如此/也不……”
部分倒装
“not only+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他, but also...”表示“不仅……而且……”
not until...置于句首时
so+adj./adv.+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他+that.../such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他+that...
省略句
用法
例句
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或是it,且从句谓语中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be 动词。
Don't speak until (you are) spoken to.
有人和你说话时你再说。
Come tomorrow if(it is)possible.
如果可能的话,就明天来吧。
She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone.
她站在门口好像在等人。
用so或not代替上文内容,此时可用“if+so/not”省略句式。
He may not be at home then.If so(=If he is not at home),leave him a note.
那时他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话,给他留个便条。
2.动词不定式的省略
用法
在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,可以省去动词不定式中与前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留动词不定式符号 to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have 和 have been。
例句
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to.
我叫他看电影,但是他不想看。
The driver wanted to park his car by the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
那位司机想把车停在路边,但警察不让他那样做。
—Are you a sailor?
——你是水手吗?
—No,but I used to be.
——不是,但我过去是。
3.常用的省略结构
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(if ever 如果有过的话,if busy 如果忙的话))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(if anything 如果有什么不同,if possible 如果可能的话,if so 如果那样的话,if not 如果不的话,if necessary 如果必要的话))
感叹句
感叹句
(1)What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语
(2)What+adj.+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语
What a strange plant(=How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊!我以前从未见过它。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face!
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题啊!
(1)How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语
(2)How+adj.(+a/an)+名词+主语+谓语
(3)How+adj./adv.
eq \a\vs4\al([对点演练])
Ⅰ.在空格处填入一个适当的单词
1.(2024·1月浙江卷) There are things you can do to ease this problem.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how warmhearted Italians are.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meatandtwoveg and readymade meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.
4.(2021·天津卷)It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing.
5.(2021·全国甲卷)Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?
6.(全国Ⅱ卷)China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
7.(全国Ⅱ卷)Out comes (come) a “softserve” creamy dessert,to be eaten right away.
8.(全国Ⅱ卷)I still can't believe what a coincidence it was.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Thankfully, there was a long queue still waiting to board the bus.
谢天谢地,排队等候上车的队伍还很长。
2.Present at the meeting are some wellknown scientists .
一些知名的科学家出席了会议。
3. Whenever (it is) possible ,he will come to my help.
他一有可能就来帮助我。
4.Was it in the street that you met him yesterday?
昨天你就是在街上遇到的他吗?
5. How beautiful the picture looks!
这幅画看起来多么漂亮啊!
课后微练
Ⅰ.语法单句练
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Neither won the race, but the display of human kindness won the day.
2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone.
3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail(小径), camping, or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family.
4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
5.(2023·全国甲卷)It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list.
6.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When he got older, John started to wonder if/whether this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
7.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Although/Though/While the two young women were strangers before the meet, they've since become friends.
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.
9.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.
10.(2022·全国甲卷) What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.
Ⅱ.语法写作练
1.He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing .
他是个很好的作曲家,但他什么也没教给我。
2.Those who want to go there please fill out the form.
那些想去那里的人请填写表格。
3. It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.
真遗憾,你错过了这堂精彩的讲座。
4. As time goes on ,it's getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。
5.Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方式你才能解决这个问题。
6.He did come to see you last Sunday, but you were out.
他上周日的确来看过你,但是你出去了。
Ⅲ.语法语篇练(在空格处填入一个适当的单词)
There was a time 1. when I was tired of learning English 2. and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 3. why my father forced me to take a 30day training course in an English club 4. before I went to senior high school.5. When I first came to the club,I met many strangers.
I missed my parents very much.6. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, 7. whose teacher wasfamous, communicated with me face to face, from 8. whom I gained some useful instructions.9. What he also did was to introduce a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 10. that/which we joined in.Gradually I adapted to the life there.
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