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Unit 4 Everyday economics
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复盘 必备知识
01
聚焦 层级突破
02
进阶 多维检测
03
培优 提能加餐
04
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词块背诵
1.exchange goods and services交换货物和服务
2.trade for tools and clothing用来交换工具和衣服
3.use small pieces of bronze to trade things用小块青铜来交易物品
4.express ancient Chinese people's belief表达了中国古代人民的信仰
5.run down her forehead沿着她的额头流下
6.away from any television studio远离任何电视演播室
7.graduate from university overseas从海外大学毕业
8.return to her home town回到她的家乡
佳句赏析
1.Advanced economics and multinational corporations could help developing nations to share in the benefits of globalization.
先进的经济体制和跨国公司可以帮助发展中国家分享全球化的好处。
2.To some extent, the development of economy has narrowed the technologygap between the developed countries and the developing countries.
在某种程度上,经济的发展缩小了发达国家和发展中国家之间的技术差距。
3.Tourism boosts our economy and we get a chance to spread our culture to different countries.
旅游业促进了我们的经济发展,我们也有机会传播我们的文化到不同的国家。
[Part 1 巧记·课标单词]
写作单词——悉其识
1. forehead n. 额,前额
2. blank adj. 无表情的,木然的
3. dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的
4. sunrise n. 日出;黎明
5. potential n. (事物的)潜力
6. enterprising adj. 有创业精神的
7. input n. 投入
8. phase n. 阶段,时期
9. purchase v. 购买
10. bonus n. 奖金;红利
11. guidance n. 指导,引导
12. consultant n. 顾问
13. discriminate v. 歧视
14. equator n. 赤道
15. superior adj. 优质的
16. mild adj. 不浓烈的,淡的
17. subjective adj. 主观的
18. freshman n. (高中或大学)一年级学生
19. exceed v. 超过,超出
20. sorrow n. 令人悲伤的事;悲伤
21. hire v. 租用,租借
22. thereby adv. 因此,由此
23. supervision n. 监督
24. abuse n. 滥用
25. purse n. 钱包
拓展单词——通其用
1.manufacture v.生产,制作→ manufacturer n.生产商
2.distribute v.分发;分配;分送→ distribution n.分发
3.convention n.常规;传统 → conventional adj.常规的;传统的;因循守旧的
4.financially adv.财政上地→ financial adj.财政的→ finance n.财政
5.accumulate v.积累→ accumulation n.积累
6. frustrate v.使懊丧 → frustration n.挫折,失望
7. expense n.费用→expensive adj.昂贵的
8.thief n.小偷→ theft n.偷,盗窃
阅读单词——明其义
1.chairwoman n. 女主席;女会长
2.bug n. 突然的兴趣,迷恋
3.obstacle n. 障碍,阻碍
4.cosmetics n. 化妆品,美容品
5.entrepreneurial adj. 创业的
6.estate n. 庄园
7.calorie n. 卡(路里)
8.afloat adj. 不欠债的
9.rational adj. 合理的
10.toddler n. 学步的儿童
[Part 2 闪记·核心短语]
1. make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
2. interfere with 妨碍,阻止
3. go into debt 陷入债务之中,负债
4. rent out 出租
5. at the expense of 以损害……为代价
6.take on 呈现,具有
7.take off 起飞,出发
8.in the hope of... 抱着……的希望
9.take advantage of 利用……
10.be subject to sth. 易受某事影响
[Part 3 速记·经典句式]
典型句式
教材原句
1.advise后接宾语从句
Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants (要现实一些并且寻求专业顾问的指导) before rushing into things.
2.(There is) no need to do sth.
No need to bring my own (不用带我自己的) tomorrow!
3.现在分词短语作状语
Taking it as an object of study (把它作为研究的对象), psychologists have published various papers stating that behaviour of sharing is beneficial to setting up positive emotional bonding.
[Part 4 积累·联想拓展]
形容人心情的名词集锦
take高频短语速记
①sorrow 悲伤;悲痛
②sadness 悲伤
③delight 高兴;快乐
④happiness 高兴;快乐
⑤joy 高兴;快乐
⑥depression 沮丧
①take away 拿走
②take off 脱下;起飞;成名
③take place 发生
④take on 呈现;雇佣;承担
⑤take in 吸收;理解;欺骗
⑥take back 带回;收回
[核心词汇——逐点清]
1.potential n.& adj.潜质,潜力;潜在性,可能性;可能的,潜在的
► [教材对接]
(1)It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential .
直到她结束海外留学生活,回国看望父母时,才意识到这里的潜力。
①realise/achieve one's (full) potential发挥某人的(全部)潜力
have the potential to do sth.有做某事的潜力
the potential for (doing) sth.(做)某事的可能性/潜在性
②potential danger/customers潜在的危险/顾客
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)History has the potential to break (break) down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
(3)The region has great potential for economic development.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4)She was the first to realise the potential danger of their situation .
她是第一个意识到他们的处境有潜在危险的人。
2.distribution n.(商品)分销,经营;分配,分布;分发;分送
► [教材对接]
(1)After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution .
我上了电视后,一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。
distribute vt. 散布,分发
distribute sth.among/to sb. 分发,分配某物
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Distribute them to/among your family, your friends, and your colleagues and share the success with people you love.
(3)New social problems have arisen due to the unfair distribution (distribute) of the social wealth so far.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4) The distribution of resources is unbalanced between rural and urban schools.
农村学校与城市学校的资源分配不平衡。
3.superior adj.& n.质量上乘的,优质的;上级,长官
► [教材对接]
(1) superior , smooth blend, with mild flavour
上乘的,口感顺滑,带有淡淡的香味
superior in 在……方面占优势的
superior to 优于,胜过,比……好
be sb.'s superior in 在……方面比某人强
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)He always does what his superiors (superior) tell him.
(3)Therefore, the combined effort of this method is superior to other traditional methods.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4) No one is her superior in typewriting in this office.
在这个办公室里没人比她打字更出色。
4.consultant n.顾问
► [教材对接]
(1)Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit,she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神,但她建议人们要实事求是,在仓促行事之前,先从专业顾问那里寻求指导。
①consult vt.咨询;请教;商量;查阅
consult with sb. about/on sth.与某人就某事进行商量
②consult sb. about sth.就某事向某人咨询
③consult a dictionary/a map查阅词典/查阅地图
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Running through Aug.5, the market featured online exhibitions of films and TV programs, and a variety of online services, including copyright and insurance consulting (consult).
(3)My mum was a consultant (consult) psychiatrist(精神病医师) at Lancaster Moor hospital.
(4)An increasing number of people are consulting their accountants about the tax laws.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5) Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.
咨询一下医生你需要多大的运动量。
5.rent out出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
► [教材对接]
(1)Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rockbottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it's out there.
无论是一个我们可以以最低价格租到设计师服装的网店,还是一个我们可以把公寓出租几天的平台,它都已出现。
①rent n. 租金,租用费
vt. 租用,租借;出租
v. 撕裂,扯碎
②rent sth.from sb. 从某人那里租用某物
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)We rent out rooms in our house to students.
(3)The family rented (rent) a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
(4)The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)Some farmers rent their land from the council.
一些农民从市政会租赁土地。
6.take advantage of利用
► [教材对接]
(1)Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势,来扩大他们的市场份额,通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。
have the/an advantage over... 比……占优势
be at an advantage 占优势
to sb.'s advantage 对某人有利
have the advantage of...具有……的有利条件
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)I'm going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
(3)You will be at an advantage to study abroad.
(4)She had the advantage of a good education.
(5)Rick has an advantage over you since he can speak German.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(6)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports team .
家长应积极督促孩子利用这次机会加入运动队。
7.discriminate v.不公正地区别对待,歧视
► [教材对接]
(1)However,some people are less optimistic, and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement.
然而,有些人就不那么乐观了,他们认为这是对那些不属于Good Deal运动的生产者的歧视。
①discriminate against 歧视;排斥
②discriminate between 区分
③discriminate sth. from sth. 区别某事物
④discrimination n. 区别对待;歧视
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)They believe the law discriminates against women.
(3)Studies have explored how dogs categorize and discriminate between different images.
(4)He showed great discrimination (discriminate) in his choice of friends.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)We must learn to discriminate fact from opinion .
我们必须学会把事实与看法分开。
8.guide v.指引;指导
► [经典佳句]
(1) Guided by profound longing for freedom,she struggled to her feet and moved on.
在对自由的深切渴望的指引下,她挣扎着站起来,继续走下去。
①a guide to ……的指南
②guide sb. along/through 带领,引导某人(至某地)
③guide sb./sth. into/towards 为……引路
④guide sb. through sth. 指引,指导(尤指做困难或复杂的事)
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)He published recently a guide to the best swimming spots in London.
(3)Searchlights were used to guide the ship into the harbour.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4) Having a map to guide you along the way is a useful tool.
有一份指导你走下去的指南是很有益的帮助。
[间考词汇——要知晓]
1.blank adj.&n.无表情的;空白的;无图画的;空白处;(记忆中的)空白,遗忘
写出下面句子中blank的词性及含义
(1)Jim was watching a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling (惊险的) scene, the television went blank. adj.无图画的
(2)The professor could tell by the blank look on Maria's face that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture. adj.无表情的
(3)Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. n.空白处
(4)My mind was a blank and I couldn't remember her name. n.(记忆中的)空白
2.purchase vt.&n.买,购买;采购
单句语法填空
(1)Sam made a purchase of potato chips and soda at the convenience store on his way home.
(2)The new couple spent some money on the purchase of the furniture necessary for their new house.
(3)The carrier “Varyag” was purchased (purchase) from Ukraine in 1999 and brought to Dalian in 2002.
(4)When you save money on these purchases (purchase), each discount only happens once.
3.expense n.费用,花费
用expense的适当形式填空
(1)In addition to our daily expenses ,we have to spend quite a lot on our daughter's further education.
(2)This kind of camera can be adjusted to the height you need.Besides,it's not expensive at all.
(3)It is obvious that,to some,the birth of a baby will be at the expense of their freedom.
4.take on雇用;呈现;承担
选词填空
take over,take off,take on,take in,take up
(1)Many people have been taken in by those who take up pyramid selling.
(2)His trade took off after he took on some experts.
(3)Briggs will take over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
No need to bring my own tomorrow!
明天不用带我自己的!
句中No need是(There is) no need (for sb.) to do sth.句式,意为“(某人)没必要做某事”。
具备该结构的常见句型有:
There is/was no time to do...没有时间做……
There is no point/sense in doing...做……是没有意义的
There is no use/good (in) doing...
做……没有用(好处)
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(1)There is no need to buy (buy) the most expensive clothes to make a good impression.
(2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
(3)There is no use losing (lose) your weight without eating anything.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4) There is no need to worry .He will try to have his work finished on time.
别担心,他将会尽力按时完成工作的。
[全练透]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Believe in your potential (潜力) and study hard, and you will surely achieve your dream.
2.When I entered the room, the girl looked at me with a blank (无表情的) expression.
3.I felt dizzy (头晕目眩的) when I looked down from the top of the television tower.
4.A few years ago it was virtually impossible to find superior (质量上乘的) coffee in local shops.
5.That is because all the answers are based on their subjective (主观的) opinions.
6.If you exceed (超过) your credit limit, we have the right to cancel your account.
Ⅱ.语境填空
1.Now a number of schools have psychological consultants (consult) to help students who are under psychological pressure.
2.He had neither the time nor the inclination to think of other things.
3.Under the guidance (guide) of the teacher, he makes great progress in oral English.
4.There is no denying that the unfair distribution (distribute) of wealth still exists nowadays.
5.Jim turned around and declared himself to be angry and frustrated (frustrate).
6.I hope that my enterprising (enterprise) experience inspires you to be more successful.
7.Mary, whose sister I shared a room with at college, has gone to work in Germany.
8.With the current job situation, age discrimination (discriminate) in employment is becoming more common.
9.Students should avoid allowing their personal feelings to interfere with their study.
10.With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, conventional (convention) cars may gradually disappear.
Ⅲ.选词填空
make ends meet, interfere with, go into debt, at the expense of, rent out, in the hope of
1.If her insure did not pay, she said, she would go into debt , find a way to raise the money.
2.Fortunately, they could rent out their twobedroom London house.
3.Unless he and his wife both work, they can't possibly make ends meet .
4.Tom was studying hard in the hope of being admitted to a key college.
5.I try not to let work interfere with my personal life.
6.We should not develop economy at the expense of the environment.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.专家建议,青少年每周锻炼5次,每次至少30分钟。
Experts advise that teenagers (should) spend at least 30 minutes exercising , five times a week.
2.我们唯一能做的事情就是给你一些钱。
The only thing that we can do is (to) give you some money.
3.他利用了我的信任,拿走的比我想要给的还多。
He took advantage of my trust , taking more than I had intended to give.
4.既然这个问题已经解决了,我们就没有必要再讨论了。
This is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been solved.
5.我不得不改变我对他们的能力和潜力的态度。
I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential .
[重落实]
Ⅰ.单元巩固练
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)。
Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, Zhang Yue paid them little attention.It was only after 1. graduating (graduate) from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential and decided to return to her home town and grow roses, 2. which surprised many people.“I wanted to experience the freedom of being 3. my
(I) own boss,” she said.“But I also wanted to give something back to my home town.”The road to success is a long and difficult one, with many 4. challenges (challenge) along the way.The 5. biggest (big) challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for her company, which was totally outside her experience.She 6. has overcome (overcome) a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.Now her product is one of the best in Asia.This year, she can pay all her fellow workers 7. a decent bonus.Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and 8. (should) seek (seek) guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.“9. To succeed (succeed)
in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination.What 10. really (real) matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills.You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with,” says Zhang.
Ⅱ.话题微写作(新闻报道)
假定你是李华,你校这学期开设了一门选修课——青年理财课。请你用英文写一篇报道,向你校英文报投稿。内容包括:
1.参加人员;
2.课程内容;
3.课程反响。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.尽可能用本单元知识;
3.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Youth Finance Course Offered in Our School
[参考范文]
Youth Finance Course Offered in Our School
This term our school is running an elective course on finance. Fiftyfive students from Senior 1 to Senior 3 are taking the course.
This is a beginners' class where students can learn a lot about basic financial knowledge. The teacher adopts the case method to teach unfamiliar concepts and terms. In the class held once a week, students have heated discussions about cases and create practical financial plans.
The course produces enthusiastic responses from participants, many of whom say it not only deepens their understanding of finance but also leads to better personal financial behavior.
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(40)——地理位置
●[多样表达]
1.beach n.海滩
2.stream n.小溪
3.rock n.岩石
4.mountain n.山
5.situate vt.使(某物)位于
6.rural adj.农村的
7.beneath prep.在……下方
8.a favorably situated city位置优越的城市
9.a small village of the map地图上的一个小村庄
10.within a stone's throw of the beach
离海滨仅咫尺之遥
11.in a village among the hills在群山环抱的村庄里
12.the thinly populated rural area人烟稀少的农村地区
●[佳句观摩]
1.在两个镇的中间有个小村子。
There is a small village midway between the two towns.
2.他们碰见了她,独自一人神色忧郁地走在海滩上。
They found her walking alone on the beach, depressed.
3.在这之前,他一直住在一个天气暖和的乡村里,那里,阳光洒满美丽的满是橘子的果园,田野里到处是芳香扑鼻的鲜花。
Before this, he had lived in a warm country,where the sun shines down on beautiful orange groves, and fields are always sweet with flowers.
●[好句仿写]
1.这幢房子坐落在松树丛中的一块岩石上。
The house stands on a rock among pines in a hill.
2.湖位于扬州城西北,从六朝以来就为风景胜地并且在乾隆时期盛极一时。
The lake is situated in the northwestern part of the city Yangzhou .It has been a scenic spot since the Six Dynasties and was in its full flourish in Emperor Qianlong Period.
3.我们以前住在一个漂亮的村庄里,有树和花草,连空气都是甜的。
We used to live in a beautiful village,and there were trees,flowers and green grass,and the air was so sweet .
[培优1] 单元知识链高考
一、熟词生义
1.Journalists covering the case have been threatened and abused. v.辱骂,谩骂
2.She tried to get a purchase on the slippery rock. n.抓牢,蹬稳
3.He's bought a specially big TV at vast expense so that everyone can see properly. n.价钱
二、一词多义——根据语境选出blank的含义
A.adj.空白的;空的 B.n.空格;(记忆中的)空白
C.adj.没表情的;茫然的 D.v.突然忘掉
1.The lady stared at me with a blank expression on her face. C
2.In fact I knew the answer,but I totally blanked during the test. D
3.Unfortunately,when I was faced with the rough task he assigned to me,my mind went blank. B
4.We yelled at the bear,hit pots hard,and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. A
[培优2] 高考语篇培素养——Topic:现代科技信息技术
◆真题文本
(2022·全国乙卷)Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine hightension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and ontime performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing highervalue services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform
these tasks, drones for rail
ways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform
these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.
Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a copilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fastmoving trains would be able to react in time.
◆真题再做
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones?
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应用今天的“空中之眼”技术,无人机能在保证铁路 安全可靠的同时又能保证铁路运输节约成本,无人机将改变铁路的未来。
1.A [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Drones are already being used...tracks and switching points.”可知,无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路,它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。]
2.C [词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European...the rail infrastructure.”可知,maintenance指的是后文中的“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”。]
3.A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Engineers are now working on...would be able to react in time.”可知,铁路无人机有望提前发出警报,使高速列车可以及时采取措施应对危险因素,避免事故发生。]
4.D [标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Can a small group of...save billions of euros each year?”和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知,在未来,无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性,或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故D项最适合作为本文的标题。]
◆素材积累
(一)由文本积累主题词块
1.make sure 确保;设法保证
2.railway tracks 铁路轨道
3.switching points 开关点
4.huge savings 巨大的节省
5.the crews' efforts 工作人员的努力
6.the latest technology 最新技术
7.a new concept 一个新概念
8.signal any problem 对任何问题发出信号
(二)由文本积累阅读词汇
1.guarantee v. 担保;提供(产品)保修单
2.reliability n. 可靠,可信赖
3.precisely adv. 精确地;恰好地;严谨地
4.approximately adv. 大约;近似
5.detect v. 发现;查明;测出
6.calculate v. 计算;估算;估计
7.programme v. 为(机器或系统)设定程序
8.autonomously adv. 自动地
(三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上)
aspect
A.方面 B.样子 C.外观 D.方位
①Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives. A
②The house's aspect was dark and unattractive. C
◆长句缩写
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing highervalue services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
[句式剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。
(By using the latest technologies), drones could (also) start providing(highervalue)services (for railways), [(detecting faults in the rail or switches), (before they can cause any safety problems)].
[句子缩写] Drones could start providing services. (不超过10个单词)
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