定语从句关系词选择讲义-2025届高三英语一轮复习
定语从句关系词选择
第一步 确定从句为定语从句
- 存在先行词. 主句中有明确的名词/代词(即先行词)
B.从句与主句之间是修饰限定关系,即从句修饰限定主句 (定语从句本来就是形容词性从句,起形容词作用。同理,写作中当需要形容词性表达,如“...的”且单个形容词无法满足需求时可使用定语从句)
如:
The laptop (that I bought last week) has broken down(先行词为laptop)
我上周买的笔记本电脑坏了
第二步 判断关系词
从句需由关系词引导,且关系词在从句中充当成分
关系词汇总:
一、关系代词
关系词 | 适用先行词 | 从句作用 | 示例 | 特殊规则
|
who | 人 | 主语/宾语 | The girl who sings well is my friend. (作主语) | 作宾语时可替换为 whom 或省略
|
whom | 人 | 宾语 | The doctor (whom) you met is experienced. (作宾语且可省略) | 仅用于正式文体,口语中常用 who 或省略 |
which | 物/事件 | 主语/宾语 | The book which is on the desk is mine. (作主语) | 非限制性从句中必须用 which(不可用 that) |
that | 人/物 | 主语/宾语 | The movie (that) I watched was moving. (作宾语且可省略) | 优先用于先行词含不定代词(everything)、最高级(the best)或序数词(the first)时 |
whose | 人/物 | 定语(表所属关系) | The boy whose father is a pilot studies hard. | 相当于“of whom/which”,可替换为“名词 + of which”
|
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二、关系副词
关系词 | 适用先行词 | 从句作用 | 示例 | 替代结构 |
when | 时间名词(day, year) | 时间状语 | I remember the day when we met. | = 介词 + which(例:on which) |
where | 地点名词(city, room) | 地点状语 | This is the park where we play football. | = 介词 + which(例:in which) |
why | reason(唯一) | 原因状语 | The reason why he left remains unknown. | = for which,且先行词必须为 “reason” |
(注意:语法填空中不用替换结构)
判断技巧
- 分析从句成分缺失——缺主语/宾语 → 用关系代词(who/which/that等)
例:The movie (that) we watched was thrilling. (从句缺宾语,that可省略)
主谓完整但缺状语 → 用关系副词(when/where/why)
例:July is the month (when) cherry blossoms bloom. (从句完整,需时间状语)
- 确定先行词属性
人:优先考虑 who/whom/whose/that
例:The scientist who discovered the vaccine won the Nobel Prize. (who 作主语)
物:优先考虑 which/that/whose
例:The computer which I repaired works perfectly. (which 作宾语)
时间/地点/原因:选择 when/where/why
例:This is the lab where the experiment was conducted.
(建议结合AB两个技巧,先看A技巧再看B技巧,即先分析从句成分缺失再确定先行词属性)
第三步 特殊规则
A.限制与非限制性从句
非限制性从句必须用逗号隔开,否则可能引发歧义:
My brother, who is a doctor, lives in Paris.(非限制性,仅一个兄弟)
My brother who is a doctor lives in Paris.(限制性,可能有多个兄弟)
非限制性从句中禁止使用that,需用which/who:
错误:The house, that I bought, has a garden.
正确:The house, which I bought, has a garden.
限制性从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略,非限制性不可:
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