专题07 七选五10篇-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）

专题07 七选五10篇 2023-2024学年北京期末真题 （23-24高二下·北京通州·期末）Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. 1 So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. And you have to follow them. If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. 2 That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination. 3 Part of your preparatory work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail. You should decide the following issues: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. 4 This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing. 5 You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there. A．The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. B．Your characters must be based on imagination only. C．When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. D．Instead, you only need to follow the rules all the way. E．The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. F．But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on. G．The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．E 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为科幻作家提供了关于科幻作品创作的注意事项。 1．前文“Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. (科幻作家创造想象的世界。)”提到科幻作家的想象世界，后文“So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. (所以熟悉与你的创作相关的科学原理和发明是很重要的。)”指出熟悉科学原理和发明很重要，因此G项“The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. (在你想象的世界中，事物的工作方式将基于实际的科学。)”符合语境，指出想象的世界也基于科学来运作，承上启下，其中的imaginary worlds在前文有同词复现，science与后文的scientific呼应。故选G。 2．前文“If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. (如果人类能够在第一章中在水下呼吸，那么你的角色就不能在第三章中淹死在游泳池中。)”以具体的例子说明科幻世界要遵循设定，后文“That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. (这意味着读者愿意假装和你在一起。)”进一步解释前一句的内容，与读者的信任相关，因此A项“The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. (这里的问题是如何维持读者的信任。)”符合语境，指出关键是维持读者的信任，承上启下，其中的maintaining your readers’ trust是后文That的指代对象，readers在后文有同词复现。故选A。 3．前文“If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination. (如果你从一本普通的侦探小说开始，然后在第六章加入一个在水下呼吸的人，你会把读者从他们的想象中拉出来。)”举出具体的不遵循设定的写作情况，指出其负面影响，因此E项“The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. (如果你中途改变规则，也会发生同样的事情。)”符合语境，举出中途改变规则的情况，和前文是并列关系，其中的The same thing指代前文的you will pull the readers out of their imagination。故选E。 4．前文“You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. (你不必在第一章就告诉你的读者所有的规则。)”提醒不必在开始就呈现所有规则，因此F项“But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on. (但你必须让读者知道足够的信息，以便理解发生了什么。)”符合语境，提醒要给出足够的信息，和前文是转折关系。故选F。 5．根据后文“You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there.  (你在邀请读者去参观一个新的世界。他们希望能够看到、听到、感觉到、闻到甚至品尝到它是什么样子的。无论你的小说是关于一个没有疾病的世界还是一个未被发现的星球，让你的读者觉得他们真的在那里。)”可知，本段主要建议科幻世界要让读者有身临其境的感觉，空处位于段首，应该与为读者创造真实的感觉相关，因此C项“When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. (当你在写作时，记得让它感觉真实。)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选C。 （23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. 1 There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. 2 Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. 3 If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. 4 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. 5 However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A．Pain is not fun to feel. B．Pain is a response to a stimulus. C．Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D．Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E．All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F．It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G．However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．D 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。 1．由上文“Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bar e arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。 2．由上文“There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 3．由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 4．由上文“On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 5．由上文“Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“However, it is an important part of human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is not fun to feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。 （23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or who grow up in the right family. Others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence. 1 However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal. 2 To get really good at something, you need to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time. Most people won’t put in that time. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it will feel like unbearable pain. You will likely quit before you become good at it. 3    When you see people with great skills or who have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. 4 But thinking that way does you no good, and you’re probably wrong. 5 You must almost reach the point of addiction and keep at it for a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee the level of success you want. But it will guarantee you become really good at whatever you dedicate yourself to. A．That’s just how life is. B．One cannot succeed without time. C．And then, you need to make it practical. D．Successful people like to show their great skills and talent. E．It’s easy to think they got lucky or were born with rare talent. F．This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. G．Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成功的关键在于设定目标，投入大量时间和努力并坚持不懈。 1．上文“I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence.(我不会说运气、天赋和环境不会发挥作用，因为它们的确会发挥作用。有些人出生在合适的家庭，而另一些人天生就很聪明)”说明实际上运气、天赋和环境的确会发挥作用，A项“生活就是这样。”承接上文，并引出下文内容“However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”，A项符合题意。故选A。 2．上文“However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”说明你需要设定目标，C项中it指代上文提及的goal，C项“然后，你需要让它变得实用。”进一步说明设定目标后需要采取的做法，承接上文，符合题意。故选C。 3．上文“If you don’t enjoy what you do, it will feel like unbearable pain. You will likely quit before you become good at it.(如果你不喜欢你所做的事情，那将是难以忍受的痛苦。你可能会在擅长之前就放弃)”说明如果你不喜欢自己所做的事情，将会产生不好的结果，所以要做自己喜欢做的事，F项中something you love是关键词汇，F项“这就是为什么许多成功人士建议你做自己喜欢的事情的一个重要原因。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 4．上文“When you see people with great skills or who have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.(当你看到那些拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人时，请记住，他们付出了巨大的代价，付出了生命中的很大一部分)”介绍拥有高超技能或取得成功的人们事实上是付出了代价的，E项中they指代上文中拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人，E项“人们很容易认为他们很幸运，或者天生就有罕见的天赋。”承接上文，并与下文“But thinking that way does you no good, and you’re probably wrong.(但那样想对你没有好处，而且你可能错了)”构成转折关系，符合题意。故选E。 5．下文“You must almost reach the point of addiction and keep at it for a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee the level of success you want. But it will guarantee you become really good at whatever you dedicate yourself to.(你必须几乎达到上瘾的程度，并保持很长一段时间。如果你不愿意投入时间和工作，不要指望任何回报。持续的努力工作并不能保证你想要的成功水平。但这将保证你真正擅长你所致力于的任何事情)”说明你应该坚持不懈地做事，G项“无论你做什么，如果你想变得很棒，你需要日复一日地工作。”与下文语意一致，符合题意。故选G。 （23-24高二下·北京东城·期末）Food has always been a universal language that brings people together. It has the power to bridge cultural gaps and foster understanding between nations. 1 Actually, culinary diplomacy is not a new concept. It has been practiced for centuries, with ancient civilizations using food as a means of establishing diplomatic relations. Today, it has developed into a more formalized practice, with governments recognizing its potential to build bridges and promote peace. 2 Food is deeply rooted in culture, and by sharing traditional dishes, countries can showcase their unique heritage and traditions. Through food, people can gain a deeper understanding of a nation’s history, values, and way of life. This exchange of culinary traditions can lead to a greater appreciation and respect for different cultures. Culinary diplomacy also provides a platform for dialogue between nations. 3 These gatherings create opportunities for people to engage in meaningful conversations. By breaking bread together, people can find common ground and establish connections that go beyond political differences. Furthermore, culinary diplomacy can have economic benefits for countries. By promoting their local cuisine, nations can attract tourists and boost their culinary tourism industry. 4 Additionally, culinary diplomacy can enhance a country’s soft power, as its cuisine becomes a symbol of its cultural richness and diversity. In recent years, several countries have embraced culinary diplomacy as a means of promoting their national cuisine and culture. Peru, for example, has successfully used culinary diplomacy to promote its cuisine. 5 Peru has taken advantage of this by hosting international food events and establishing culinary schools to train chefs. As a result, Peru has seen a significant increase in tourism and international recognition. Culinary diplomacy plays a crucial role in fostering cultural exchange and promoting dialogue between nations. As the world becomes more interconnected, it will continue to be a powerful tool in promoting peace and fostering global understanding. A．Culinary diplomacy can promote trade, tourism and cooperation. B．This generates profit and creates job opportunities for local people. C．One of the key roles of culinary diplomacy is fostering cultural exchange. D．Its rich culinary heritage, with dishes like ceviche, has become a global hit. E．International food festivals and events bring food enthusiasts worldwide together. F．As the saying goes, “The easiest way to win hearts and minds is through stomach.” G．This is where culinary diplomacy comes in, using food to promote cultural exchange. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了烹饪外交对促进文化交流和增进国家了解的作用。 1．上句“It has the power to bridge cultural gaps and foster understanding between nations.(它有能力弥合文化差距，促进国家之间的理解。)”讲述了食物能够消除文化差距，增进国家间的理解，下一段第一句“Actually, culinary diplomacy is not a new concept.(事实上，烹饪外交并不是一个新概念。)”提到了烹饪外交，由此可知，空处应承上启下，引出下文的烹饪外交，G项“这就是烹饪外交的用武之地，利用食物促进文化交流。”符合题意。故选G。 2．根据下文“Food is deeply rooted in culture, and by sharing traditional dishes, countries can showcase their unique heritage and traditions. Through food, people can gain a deeper understanding of a nation’s history, values, and way of life. This exchange of culinary traditions can lead to a greater appreciation and respect for different cultures.(食物深深植根于文化，通过分享传统菜肴，各国可以展示其独特的遗产和传统。通过食物，人们可以更深入地了解一个国家的历史、价值观和生活方式。这种烹饪传统的交流可以使人们更加欣赏和尊重不同的文化。)”可知，下文讲述了食物文化交流的意义，空处应引出下文内容，C项“烹饪外交的关键作用之一是促进文化交流。”符合题意。故选C。 3．根据前文“Culinary diplomacy also provides a platform for dialogue between nations.(烹饪外交也为各国之间的对话提供了一个平台。)”和后文“These gatherings create opportunities for people to engage in meaningful conversations.(这些聚会为人们创造了进行有意义对话的机会。)”可知，空处应和platform和gatherings有关，E项“国际美食节和活动将世界各地的美食爱好者聚集在一起。”符合题意。故选E。 4．前文“Furthermore, culinary diplomacy can have economic benefits for countries. By promoting their local cuisine, nations can attract tourists and boost their culinary tourism industry.(此外，烹饪外交可以为各国带来经济利益。通过推广当地美食，各国可以吸引游客，促进烹饪旅游业的发展。)”讲述了烹饪外交可以带来经济利益，推广当地美食可以促进烹饪旅游业的发展，结合空后一句“Additionally, culinary diplomacy can enhance a country’s soft power, as its cuisine becomes a symbol of its cultural richness and diversity.(此外，烹饪外交可以增强一个国家的软实力，因为它的美食成为其文化丰富性和多样性的象征。)”可知，后文讲述了烹饪外交的可以增强国家软实力的另一层好处，由此可知，空处应承接上文，进一步讲述烹饪外交产生的经济好处，B项“这为当地人创造了利润和就业机会。”符合题意。故选B。 5．前文“Peru, for example, has successfully used culinary diplomacy to promote its cuisine.(例如，秘鲁成功地利用烹饪外交来推广其美食。)”讲述了秘鲁利用烹饪外交推广美食，空处应进一步讲述推广美食的影响，D项“其丰富的烹饪传统，如酸橘汁腌鱼等菜肴，已成为全球热门。”符合题意。故选D。 （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. 1 , Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. 2 . It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples 3 . They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.  The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. 4 . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. 5 . A．To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B．The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C．Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D．Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E．The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F．They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章探讨了关于鸡与鸡蛋的经典问题，并通过介绍一项新的考古研究成果，阐述了家鸡驯化史中关于鸡蛋生产的重要发现，以及这些发现对理解家鸡起源和传播的意义。 1．由下文的“Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. (考古学方法的最新进展揭示了许多曾经被认为是早期鸡的证据的骨头发现，实际上属于野生鸟类，)”可知，下文则提到了关于鸡的考古新发现，说明对于鸡如何起源和传播的故事并不清晰。因此，C选项“Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear (然而，它们如何起源并在古代世界中传播的故事仍很大程度上不清楚)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 2．由上文的“Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. (现在，在一份新的出版物中，一个由考古学家、历史学家和生物分子科学家组成的国际团队提出了最早的明确证据，证明养鸡是为了产蛋。研究人员从12个考古遗址收集了大约1500年的蛋壳碎片，研究人员表明，从公元前400年到公元1000年，鸡在中亚被广泛饲养，并可能沿着古丝绸之路传播。)”可知，科学家发现大量的蛋壳，本空继续谈论这些蛋壳的发现的意义。B选项“The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. (大量蛋壳进一步表明，这些鸟是在淡季产卵的。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 3．根据下文的“They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.   The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (他们从丝绸之路中亚主要走廊沿线的遗址收集了数以万计的蛋壳碎片。然后，他们使用一种称为ZooMS的生物分子分析方法来确定卵子的来源。这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，下文谈论了团队做的工作，故本空也与团队做的工作有关。A选项“To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work (为了得出这些结论，团队做了大量工作)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 4．根据上文的“The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，本空要阐述这一结论，根据下文的“In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). (在野外，这种鸟每年筑巢一次，通常每窝产六个蛋)”可知，这种鸟下蛋更多，E选项“The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl (这些鸟一定比它们的野生祖先红原鸡更频繁地下蛋)”是对研究结果的直接阐述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 5．根据上文的“Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. (总的来说，这项新研究为古老的鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡之谜提供了答案。)”可知，最后一个空格要求总结全文，总结研究的核心发现。G选项“As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. (正如中亚的证据所表明的那样，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡。)”既回应了文章开头的问题，也总结了研究的核心发现，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 （23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）As we carefully select our outfits each day, we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood, behavior, and even how others understand us. 1 Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities. When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable, we are more likely to make a positive impression on others. Our clothing choices are like a personal canvas (画布). 2 Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress or a bold graphic tee, our clothes become a reflection of who we are. Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like-minded individuals. Have you ever noticed how wearing a particular outfit can change your mood? 3 For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. 4 The link between colors and emotions plays a vital role in shaping our outlook on the day. Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes. For example, wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time to focus and be productive, while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. 5 So, the next time you dress up, remember the huge influence your outfit can have, and embrace the opportunity to express yourself through the art of fashion. A．Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses. B．Correct clothes conveys that you are interested in the job. C．On the other hand, wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness. D．Thus, the right outfit can give us confidence needed to conquer the day ahead. E．It allows us to express our beliefs, interests, and emotions without saying a single word. F．Choosing the right for specific occasions can, therefore, enhance our performance and efficiency. G．The phrase “dress for success” holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self-confidence. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文属于说明文，主要讨论了服装选择对个人情绪、行为以及他人印象的影响。 1．由上文“As we carefully select our outfits each day, we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood, behavior, and even how others understand us. (当我们每天仔细挑选服装时，我们可能并不总是意识到我们的服装选择对我们的情绪、行为甚至别人如何理解我们的影响。)”和下文的“Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities. When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable, we are more likely to make a positive impression on others. (研究表明，穿着得体可以显著影响我们对自己和能力的感觉。当我们穿着让我们感到自信和舒适的服装时，我们更有可能给别人留下积极的印象。)”可知，我们的着装选择对自我感觉和能力的影响可知，这里需要一个总结性的话语来概括这种正面影响，尤其是关于自信方面。因此，G选项“The phrase “dress for success” holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self-confidence.(“穿着成功”这一说法在衣服对自信心的影响方面是千真万确的）能承上启下，强调了正确着装对于提升自信的作用。故选G。 2．根据下文的“Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress or a bold graphic tee, our clothes become a reflection of who we are. Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like-minded individuals. (无论是复古风格的连衣裙还是大胆的图案t恤，我们的衣服都能反映出我们是谁。时尚是一个强大的工具，它帮助我们与世界交流，并与志同道合的人建立联系。)”可知，下文讨论的是衣物作为个人表达的媒介，需要一个句子说明服装如何无声地传达个人的内在。E选项“It allows us to express our beliefs, interests, and emotions without saying a single word. (它使我们无需说一句话就能表达我们的信念、兴趣和情感。)”能引起下文，强调了服装是一种非言语的表达方式。故选E。 3．由下文的“For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. (例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以提升我们的精神，带来一种幸福感。)”可知，此处需要一个句子引出服装与情绪之间的关系，特别是服装如何能够改变我们的心情。A选项“Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses. (服装可以引发各种情绪反应。)”能引起下文，直接指出了服装与情绪反应之间的关联。故选A。 4．由上文的“For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. (例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以提升我们的精神，带来一种幸福感。)”可知，上文提到了明亮颜色和欢快图案对提升心情的作用，接下来应该继续讨论颜色对情绪的具体影响。C选项“On the other hand, wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness. (另一方面，穿深色可能会产生一种严肃感。)”与前文形成对比，补充说明了不同色彩对情绪的不同影响。故选C。 5．由上文的“Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes. For example, wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time to focus and be productive, while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. (我们穿的衣服也会影响我们的行为和认知过程。例如，穿正式的商务套装可能会向大脑发出信号，告诉你是时候集中精力工作了，而更轻松的衣服可能会鼓励你更随意。)”可知，此处需要一个句子总结服装如何影响我们的行为和认知过程，并且与上文中的“正式商务装”和“休闲装”的例子相呼应。F选项“Choosing the right for specific occasions can, therefore, enhance our performance and efficiency. (因此，为特定场合选择合适的着装可以提高我们的表现和效率。)”强调了恰当着装对提升个人效能的重要性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 （23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. 1 HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. 2 The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. 3 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. It is the “means and wisdom to win a better life”, as a Japanese author writes in the book The Power of Insensitivity. According to him, the world will be better if we focus on the major goals and stay insensitive to anything else. 4 One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. Knowing yourself is difficult, but knowing yourself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability. One of the qualities shared by many successful people is: they all clearly know where their strengths are, what they want, and what direction to go. To practice insensitivity, the first step is to avoid overthinking. Resist the urge to overanalyze situations, and redirect your focus towards actionable steps within your control. Secondly, don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment. Rather, you should be looking forward. Additionally, set clear boundaries. 5 Remember not to get too involved in other people’s business and set limits that keep you safe from outside pressures. As a unique wisdom of life, the power of insensitivity gives completely new inspiration to modern people. Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A．Everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. B．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C．It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties. D．Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking. E．Regarding relationships, learn to view the problem as two parts. F．Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. G．Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment? 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章的主旨是讨论高度敏感人群（HSP）的特点以及不敏感性的力量。 1．根据前文“Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. (高敏感者，简称HSP，是心理学家伊莱恩·阿伦创造的一个术语。根据研究，每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群。)”以及后文“HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，前文提出每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群，后文描述了HSP的一些特点，如强烈的自我意识、难以适应新环境、在社交场合表现出看似不适当的情绪反应等。故设空处应该对这些挑战进行总结概括。F选项“Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges.(作为一个高度敏感的人会面临许多挑战。)” 对前文内容的总结，符合语境。故选F。 2．根据前文“HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，HSP人群面临着诸多挑战。B选项“That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from.( 这就是需要不敏感性的原因所在)”与前文关于HSP面临的挑战相呼应，指出“不敏感性”是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，同时引出了下文对不敏感性的讨论。故选B。 3．根据前文“The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. (不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”。通常，人们把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起，但不敏感并不等于迟钝。)”可知，此处提到不敏感性被视为一种“迟钝的力量”，人们通常把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起。而“迟钝的力量”即不敏感性是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，因此后文应该对其真正的含义进行解释。C选项“It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties.(当遇到困难时，它强调决心)”强调当遇到困难时，“不敏感性”强调的是决心，与后文的“That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. (就是坦然面对生活中的挫折和停歇，坚定地朝着自己的方向前进。)”在面对生活中的挫折和低谷时，能够冷静地面对并坚定地走向自己的方向相呼应。C选项中的it指代前文的The power of insensitivity，与前后文形成呼应，符合语境。故选C。 4．根据后文“ One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. (一个重要的原因是，不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。)”可知，此处强调不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。G选项“Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment?( 为什么不敏感性可以让一个人在竞争环境中更好地适应？)”是一个引导句，引出了下文对“不敏感性”在竞争环境中的作用的讨论。后文提到了不敏感性背后的原因之一是强大的自我意识或自信，这与G选项中的问题相呼应。故选G。 5．根据前文“Additionally, set clear boundaries. (另外，设定清晰的界限。)”可知，此处强调与他人设定清晰的界限。D选项“Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking.( 避免过分关注别人在做什么或想什么)”与前文提到的“设置明确的界限”相呼应。这里建议人们不要过于关注他人的事务，设置界限以保护自己免受外界压力的影响。这与D选项中的建议相符。故选D。 （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? 1 For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. 2 This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. 3 Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. 4 It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. 5 Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A．Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B．Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C．For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D．This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E．Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．E 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了我们与手机等数字技术的关系。 1．根据上文“If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say?(如果让你描述一下你和手机的关系，你会怎么说？)”和下文“For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it.(对于我们这些经常使用数字技术的人来说，我们不可避免地会认为我们过度使用了)”可知，对于上文问题的回答应该是上瘾，C项中的“addicted”和下文中的“overdone”对应。C项：For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind.(对许多人来说，“上瘾”这个词会跃入脑海)符合语境。故选C。 2．根据上文“But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction.(但我们真的对屏幕上瘾了吗？对于绝大多数用户来说，答案是否定的，因为目前还没有关于数字成瘾的正式标准)”和下文“This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies.(这项测试对大约800人进行了测试，使用了许多其他研究中采用的标准)”可知，空处提到了一项测试，解释说明上文提出的观点。G项：Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire.(早在2020年，一个团队就使用标准技术做了一份离线朋友成瘾调查问卷)符合语境。故选G。 3．根据上文“The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends.(研究小组发现，69%的参与者可能被诊断为与朋友共度时光成瘾)”可知，研究团队发现69%的参与者可以被诊断为过度沉迷于与朋友相处的时间，但这里并不是要引发对社交的新道德恐慌。E项：Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing.(很明显，这样做的目的并不是要在社交方面引发新的道德恐慌)正好解释了这一点，它表明这项研究的真正目的并不是要制造恐慌，而是有其他更深的含义或目的，符合语境。故选E。 4．根据上文“We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive.(研究人员将人们对一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法结合起来，这让我们陷入了困境)”可知，上文提到研究人员提出的一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法，对于我们的认知产生了不好的影响，空处承接上文，指出后果。D项：This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad.(这最终导致人们相信这种活动自然是不好的)符合语境。故选D。 5．根据上文“It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use.(的确，我们可以与我们所使用的技术建立不好的关系，但一项新的研究表明，我们需要从习惯的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系，而不是从有问题的使用角度)”和下文“Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it.(它们对我们的幸福感有积极还是消极的影响，这不仅取决于习惯的类型，还取决于它发生的背景，发生的频率以及其他可能导致它的因素)”可知，上文提到我们应该以习惯而不是问题使用的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系。下文进一步解释了习惯对我们福祉的影响取决于多种因素。B项：Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral.(像看手机这样的习惯是中性的)强调了习惯的中立性，并引出了后文对习惯影响的详细讨论，符合语境。故选B。 2022-2023学年北京期末真题 （22-23高二下·北京石景山·期末）How to build patience abilities What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. 1 Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance. Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times. Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit-forming. So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience — anger, impatience, blame and shame. 2 Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions — we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3 Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest — but very present — painful feelings. 4 But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance. 5 When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing. You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.” A．Practice positive self-talk. B．So the solution to pain is an inside job. C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways. D．We all have them, and we can grow beyond them. E．But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. F．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times. G．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．B 4．G 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了培养耐心的有效方法。 1．根据后文“Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.(推荐一些有效的方法来训练自己，让自己在工作中少一些痛苦和烦恼。)”提出文章中要推荐一些有效的方法来训练自己，即，提出了解决困难的方法，那么，设空句应讲述“困难”，以构成前后文之间的“提出困难到解决困难”的逻辑关系。选项E“But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully.(但事实上，成功地建立它们需要努力。)”中“成功地建立它们需要努力”可看作为培养耐心的困难所在，符合语境分析，且句中“to build them”与前文“building patience abilities”相呼应，前后衔接紧密。故选E项。 2．根据前文“So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame.(因此，培养耐心的第一步是接触与耐心相反的令人上瘾的品质——愤怒、不耐烦、责备和羞耻。)”提出了一些不好的情绪和品质，那么，设空句应承接此话题继续讲述与这些情绪和品质有关的内容。选项D“We all have them, and we can grow beyond them.(我们都拥有它们，我们可以超越它们。)”中的代词“them”指代前文提及的一些不好的情绪和品质，在句意上与该段首句“Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience.(了解愤怒和不耐烦的成瘾性。)”首尾照应。故选D项。 3．根据前文“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.(但问题是，我们痛苦的根源并不是外在的东西，而是我们的思维方式。)”提出痛苦的根源在于思维方式，即，内部。那么设空句承接此原因总结解决途径——从内部解决。选项B“So the solution to pain is an inside job.(所以解决疼痛的方法是内在的。)”在句意上符合分析，“So”表达“因此，所以”含义，与前文构成因果关系，前后衔接紧密。故选B项。 4．根据后文“But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. (但要真正关心自己，就要对你内心此刻发生的事情感到好奇。)”提出要对内心的痛苦感到好奇，结合该句的“But”表达转折含义可推知，设空句应是与其句意相反，即，不关注内在痛苦，并提出关注的另一个方面。选项G“We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.(我们忽略了我们处于痛苦中的事实，并完全专注于解决问题。)”在句意上符合分析，提到的“完全专注于解决问题”即为另一个方面，与后文构成转折关系。故选G项。 5．分析可知，设空句为该段的主旨句。根据后文“When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing. You can say to yourself, ‘It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.’(当你发现自己没有耐心或生自己的气时，你可以提醒自己，你正在成长。你可以对自己说：“这是真的。我不喜欢这样；这很不舒服，但我能忍受。”)”可知，该段强调的是与自己积极的沟通和暗示。选项A“Practice positive self-talk.(练习积极的自我对话。)”贴合该段主旨，符合分析。故选A项。 （22-23高二下·北京朝阳·期末）Children love playing outdoors, They usually get muddy, with no regard for the colour of their clothing. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents watched their children ruin their best clothes. They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees. 1 . According to the experts, parents don’t have to concern too much about it. Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand 2 . Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are established as well. Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces 3 It helps refresh the brain and even reduce depression and anxiety, One study found that children with ADHD(注意力缺陷多动症)were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park. Beijing close to grass and trees seemed to have a beneficial effect on their minds. 4 It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization. Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play. 5 They believe that not only does it make children emotionally happy but it also has a powerful effect on their wellbeing. A．For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. B．Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. C．This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation. D．They may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. E．They recommend using nature as an accessible way of interacting with others. F．It was obvious that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over. G．Outdoor play does better to children’s physical growth, compared with getting muddy. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了户外游戏的好处。 1．根据上文“They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees.(他们很高兴在农民的田地里跑步或爬树)”可知，孩子们淘气了一天后，衣服都会弄脏，F项“很明显，孩子们的白色衣服在一天结束之前就会变成棕色”符合题意，故选择F项。 2．根据上文“Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand(最近的研究表明，外界的污垢可以对一系列疾病产生抵抗力。某些天然材料，如泥浆，含有惊人的强大微生物群，其对儿童健康的积极影响我们才刚刚开始完全理解)”可知，本段主要说的是户外游戏为孩子的健康带来的好处，G项“与泥土相比，户外玩耍对孩子的身体发育更好”符合题意，故选择G项。 3．根据上文“Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces.(我们的大脑在美丽的风景中进化，我们感知世界的方式特别适合野外空间)”可知，这里说的是自然风景对于大脑带来的刺激， C项“这意味着自然风景提供了完美的刺激水平。”符合题意，故选择C项。 4．根据下文“It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization.(它有助于儿童发展他们的感官和运动互动方式，帮助他们以不同的方式逐渐了解外部环境和事物的内部联系。如果孩子们与他人玩耍，他们可以学习如何与他人交流，并制定有效的策略来促进社会化)”可知本段主要说的是户外游戏带来的学习体验，下文的it指代的是“Outdoor play cab”，B项“户外游戏车也提供了宝贵的学习体验”符合题意，故选择B项。 5．根据上文“Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play.(如今，随着电子游戏和社交媒体的吸引，与大自然的接触比过去更加罕见。越来越多的家长开始认识到户外游戏的重要性)”可知与其让孩子接触电子产品，家长更希望自己的孩子能去接近自然，D项“他们可能私下里希望自己的孩子能有机会捡一些泥土”符合题意，故选择D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 七选五10篇 2023-2024学年北京期末真题 （23-24高二下·北京通州·期末）Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. 1 So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example, if you’re writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity, then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. And you have to follow them. If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1, your character can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. 2 That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, you will pull the readers out of their imagination. 3 Part of your preparatory work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail. You should decide the following issues: the history of the world, the geography, what possibilities it offers, how everything works in this new reality, and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think, feel, and react to things. You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. 4 This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing. 5 You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet, help your readers feel like they’re actually there. A．The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust. B．Your characters must be based on imagination only. C．When you are writing, remember to make it feel real. D．Instead, you only need to follow the rules all the way. E．The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. F．But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on. G．The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. （23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. 1 There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. 2 Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. 3 If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. 4 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. 5 However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A．Pain is not fun to feel. B．Pain is a response to a stimulus. C．Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D．Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E．All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F．It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G．However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. （23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or who grow up in the right family. Others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence. 1 However, to succeed in life, you need to set a goal. 2 To get really good at something, you need to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time. Most people won’t put in that time. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it will feel like unbearable pain. You will likely quit before you become good at it. 3    When you see people with great skills or who have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. 4 But thinking that way does you no good, and you’re probably wrong. 5 You must almost reach the point of addiction and keep at it for a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee the level of success you want. But it will guarantee you become really good at whatever you dedicate yourself to. A．That’s just how life is. B．One cannot succeed without time. C．And then, you need to make it practical. D．Successful people like to show their great skills and talent. E．It’s easy to think they got lucky or were born with rare talent. F．This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. G．Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out. （23-24高二下·北京东城·期末）Food has always been a universal language that brings people together. It has the power to bridge cultural gaps and foster understanding between nations. 1 Actually, culinary diplomacy is not a new concept. It has been practiced for centuries, with ancient civilizations using food as a means of establishing diplomatic relations. Today, it has developed into a more formalized practice, with governments recognizing its potential to build bridges and promote peace. 2 Food is deeply rooted in culture, and by sharing traditional dishes, countries can showcase their unique heritage and traditions. Through food, people can gain a deeper understanding of a nation’s history, values, and way of life. This exchange of culinary traditions can lead to a greater appreciation and respect for different cultures. Culinary diplomacy also provides a platform for dialogue between nations. 3 These gatherings create opportunities for people to engage in meaningful conversations. By breaking bread together, people can find common ground and establish connections that go beyond political differences. Furthermore, culinary diplomacy can have economic benefits for countries. By promoting their local cuisine, nations can attract tourists and boost their culinary tourism industry. 4 Additionally, culinary diplomacy can enhance a country’s soft power, as its cuisine becomes a symbol of its cultural richness and diversity. In recent years, several countries have embraced culinary diplomacy as a means of promoting their national cuisine and culture. Peru, for example, has successfully used culinary diplomacy to promote its cuisine. 5 Peru has taken advantage of this by hosting international food events and establishing culinary schools to train chefs. As a result, Peru has seen a significant increase in tourism and international recognition. Culinary diplomacy plays a crucial role in fostering cultural exchange and promoting dialogue between nations. As the world becomes more interconnected, it will continue to be a powerful tool in promoting peace and fostering global understanding. A．Culinary diplomacy can promote trade, tourism and cooperation. B．This generates profit and creates job opportunities for local people. C．One of the key roles of culinary diplomacy is fostering cultural exchange. D．Its rich culinary heritage, with dishes like ceviche, has become a global hit. E．International food festivals and events bring food enthusiasts worldwide together. F．As the saying goes, “The easiest way to win hearts and minds is through stomach.” G．This is where culinary diplomacy comes in, using food to promote cultural exchange. （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. 1 , Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. 2 . It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples 3 . They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.  The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. 4 . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. 5 . A．To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B．The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C．Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D．Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E．The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F．They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. （23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）As we carefully select our outfits each day, we may not always realize the influence our clothing choices have on our mood, behavior, and even how others understand us. 1 Studies have shown that dressing well can significantly affect how we feel about ourselves and our abilities. When we wear outfits that make us feel confident and comfortable, we are more likely to make a positive impression on others. Our clothing choices are like a personal canvas (画布). 2 Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress or a bold graphic tee, our clothes become a reflection of who we are. Fashion is a powerful tool that helps us communicate with the world and form connections with like-minded individuals. Have you ever noticed how wearing a particular outfit can change your mood? 3 For instance, bright colors and cheerful patterns can uplift our spirits and bring a sense of happiness. 4 The link between colors and emotions plays a vital role in shaping our outlook on the day. Clothes we wear can also influence our behavior and cognitive processes. For example, wearing formal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time to focus and be productive, while more relaxed clothing might encourage a more casual approach. 5 So, the next time you dress up, remember the huge influence your outfit can have, and embrace the opportunity to express yourself through the art of fashion. A．Clothing can give rise to various emotional responses. B．Correct clothes conveys that you are interested in the job. C．On the other hand, wearing darker might create a feeling of seriousness. D．Thus, the right outfit can give us confidence needed to conquer the day ahead. E．It allows us to express our beliefs, interests, and emotions without saying a single word. F．Choosing the right for specific occasions can, therefore, enhance our performance and efficiency. G．The phrase “dress for success” holds true when it comes to the impact of clothes on self-confidence. （23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. 1 HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. 2 The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. 3 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. It is the “means and wisdom to win a better life”, as a Japanese author writes in the book The Power of Insensitivity. According to him, the world will be better if we focus on the major goals and stay insensitive to anything else. 4 One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. Knowing yourself is difficult, but knowing yourself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability. One of the qualities shared by many successful people is: they all clearly know where their strengths are, what they want, and what direction to go. To practice insensitivity, the first step is to avoid overthinking. Resist the urge to overanalyze situations, and redirect your focus towards actionable steps within your control. Secondly, don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment. Rather, you should be looking forward. Additionally, set clear boundaries. 5 Remember not to get too involved in other people’s business and set limits that keep you safe from outside pressures. As a unique wisdom of life, the power of insensitivity gives completely new inspiration to modern people. Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A．Everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. B．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C．It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties. D．Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking. E．Regarding relationships, learn to view the problem as two parts. F．Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. G．Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment? （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? 1 For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. 2 This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. 3 Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. 4 It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. 5 Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A．Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B．Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C．For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D．This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E．Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. 2022-2023学年北京期末真题 （22-23高二下·北京石景山·期末）How to build patience abilities What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. 1 Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance. Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times. Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit-forming. So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience — anger, impatience, blame and shame. 2 Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions — we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3 Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest — but very present — painful feelings. 4 But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance. 5 When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing. You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.” A．Practice positive self-talk. B．So the solution to pain is an inside job. C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways. D．We all have them, and we can grow beyond them. E．But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. F．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times. G．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem. （22-23高二下·北京朝阳·期末）Children love playing outdoors, They usually get muddy, with no regard for the colour of their clothing. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents watched their children ruin their best clothes. They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees. 1 . According to the experts, parents don’t have to concern too much about it. Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand 2 . Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are established as well. Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces 3 It helps refresh the brain and even reduce depression and anxiety, One study found that children with ADHD(注意力缺陷多动症)were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park. Beijing close to grass and trees seemed to have a beneficial effect on their minds. 4 It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization. Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play. 5 They believe that not only does it make children emotionally happy but it also has a powerful effect on their wellbeing. A．For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. B．Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. C．This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation. D．They may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. E．They recommend using nature as an accessible way of interacting with others. F．It was obvious that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over. G．Outdoor play does better to children’s physical growth, compared with getting muddy. 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$