专题06 阅读表达10篇-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）

专题06 阅读表达10篇 2023-2024学年北京期末真题 （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What We Really Know About ASMR If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok, you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone, carefully slicing stacks of slime, or slowly ripping strips of paper. These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood, relaxation, and even pain relief. But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video?A systematic review published seeks to answer that question. German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects. But first, where did this idea come from?There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s. The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health-focused website in2007. A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010. Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. They also explored its benefits. Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation. In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. Despite the encouraging results, the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants; more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR. Luckily, it’s true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair, whispering, and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief. The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. So if you’re feeling anxious or stressed, it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help! 1．What is an autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)? 2．According to the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. 4．Besides watching ASMR videos, what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed? （23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The legendary horror author H. P. Lovecraft wrote that “the oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown.” Uncertainty causes people to see threats everywhere they look, and at the same time it makes them likely to react emotionally. Even minor periods of unpredictability can cause significant negative effects. Research on traffic jam, for example, has found that the lack of control drivers feel sends stress and anger levels through the roof. Uncertain bus, train, and plane delays are also major sources of uncertainty-triggered distress. One study found that giving people up-to-the-minute wait times was an effective way to limit anxiety and frustration. Even if the wait for a bus turned out to be long, removing the element of uncertainty made commuters feel better. Different people respond to uncertainty in different ways. Unfortunately, many are unhelpful coping strategies. People who struggle with uncertainty often respond to it by worrying. They also tend to think that worrying will somehow help them prepare for what’s to come. This is false. The more people engage in worrying, the less they feel confident in their ability to solve a problem and the worse their solutions tend to be. Trying to seek out new and helpful information can also backfire. BMC Public Health found that people can only process and make sense of a limited information, and that consuming too much new information can lead to confusion and increased uncertainty. Still, how to remove the effects of uncertainty is food for thought. 1．According to H. P. Lovecraft, what is the oldest and strongest fear? 2．Why can up-to-the-minute wait times limit anxiety? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶People who worry more will feel less confident in problem-solving, while their solutions tend to be better. 4．What uncertainty worries you most and how do you deal with it? (In about 40 words) （23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Hogan was one of the greatest golfers of the 20th century, an accomplishment he achieved through tireless practice. For him, every practice session had a purpose. He spent years breaking down each phase of the golf swing and testing new methods for each part. The result was near perfection. Hogan finished his career with nine major championships. During his prime, other golfers attributed his remarkable success to “Hogan’s secret”. Today, experts have a new term for his style of improvement: deliberate practice. Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. While regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving performance. When Hogan carefully reconstructed each step of his golf swing, he was engaging in deliberate practice. He was finely tuning his technique. The greatest challenge of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up and putting in your repeated practice is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly overlook small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to transform repeated behaviors into automatic habits. The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes. Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. Too often, we assume we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In reality, we are merely reinforcing our current habits—not improving them. Deliberate practice always follows the same pattern: break the overall process down into parts, identify your weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate your learning into the overall process. Deliberate practice does not mean that you can fashion yourself into anything with enough work and effort, though. While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. 1．What is deliberate practice according to the passage? 2．What is the danger of mindless repetition? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice. 4．How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills? (In about 40 words) （23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Marva Collins’ journey as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned to teach at a public school in Chicago. At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges. Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the potential to learn and succeed, she set out to create a classroom environment that would foster a love of learning, a sense of discipline, and a belief in oneself. Collins first established a rigorous academic curriculum that would challenge her students to reach their full potential. She taught her students traditional subjects and also emphasized critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity. Her teaching methods were highly effective, and students soon began to show remarkable progress. But Collins’ greatest achievement was the founding of the Westside Prep School, which she started in 1975. The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. At the Prep School. Collin s stressed the importance of discipline and hard work. She expected her students to arrive on time, in uniform, and ready to learn, and she installed in them a sense of responsibility and accountability. Collins also emphasized the importance of building relationships between teachers and students. She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, are she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. Under her leadership, the Prep School became known for its high academic standards and its ability to help struggling students. Many of the school’s graduates went on to attend top colleges and universities, and some went on to become leaders in their fields. Collins’ impact on education was recognized by educators around the world. Today, her legacy lives on. Her emphasis on discipline, hard work, and relationships continues to be a model for effective teaching, and her belief in the potential of every student continues to inspire educators to make a difference in the lives of the at-risk students. 1．What challenges did Collins face as a new teacher? 2．Why was the Prep School considered the “haven for learning”? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. 4．Which one of Collin’s teaching beliefs impresses you most? Why? (In about 40 words) （23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? If you answer “yes” to any of the questions, then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms (症状) are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先) over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young． So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. 1．What is a textaholic? 2．What causes a person to be a textaholic? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.   To cure text addiction, individuals should refuse to respond to messages and spend quality time with friends and family. 4．To help a textaholic, what other suggestions would you give him or her? (In about 40 words)   （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 1．What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? 2．What are the negative effects of complaining? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. 4．Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) 2022-2023学年北京期末真题 （22-23高二下·北京石景山·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Doctors in Bristol can send patients on a free course from this month, which uses stand-up comedy to help patients overcome their trauma (创伤). The course was pioneered by Angie Belcher, a comedian at the University of Bristol. Comedy is a natural human trait (特质). Every night we come back home from work and tell our family what our day was like, but on the way home we’ll make up details, and try to make our stories funnier to entertain family members. Professional comedy education is to give a tool to take this to a more polished and informed level. The content of the six-week course is described as a “combination of psychology, comedy and storytelling.” Actually, past traumas are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn’t come from the happy moments of our life, but from our everyday struggles. People, who’ve been through big life experiences, such as the loss of a close friend or ill health, often can’t wait to share their stories, mostly because there’s always something funny about the situation. We can accept and honor the comedy of a situation, as much as the sadness of it. While the comedy course can’t take the place of traditional clinical approaches, talking about our trauma in a funny way is quite lovely, and more importantly, it has a chain reaction on our audience, and we help other people to deal with their sadness. When we bring our stories alive for others, it makes other people feel less alone. Having our experiences mirrored back to us is hugely comforting. Comedy builds community. 1．Who was the course pioneered by? 2．What is the content of the course? 3．Please underline the false part in the following statement and explain why. Comedy comes from our everyday struggles, and from the happy moments of our life as well. 4．If you meet a trauma, would you like to take the comedy course? Why? (In about 40 words) （22-23高二下·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” We all know that healthy habits can help us build a strong body, but how can we live a happy life? Over the past two decades, scientists have identified many techniques to raise our happiness, but these methods cannot work magic. “Things like poverty or injury are obviously going to affect your well-being,” says Laurie Santos, at Yale University. “But for many of us, our happiness is much more under our control than we think.” Her free course, The Science of Well-being, explores evidence-based ways to increase happiness. For a taste of what the course involves, consider our tendency to compare ourselves negatively with the people around us. By recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise, you can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral(中立的).With this kind of thinking, you may start to feel more content. The use of gratitude journals, where you regularly count your blessing, work on a similar basis. We have a tendency for “hedonic adaptation”, essentially getting used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest—we should delay that process. Other tips like small acts of kindness may surprise you with rewarding experience. However, those approaches to happier life should be used carefully. There is now some evidence that pursuit of happiness can have the opposite effect if it becomes time-consuming. Keeping a gratitude journal appears to be effective if it is used once a week. It seems that the technique may become a burden if it is practiced too regularly. There seems little doubt that we can learn to be happier, but we should recognize that the path to a better life is with ups and downs. You cannot remove every negative feeling, but with some science-backed strategies, you can shift the balance so as to experience more positive feeling than negative ones. 1．How can we deal with the tendency to compare ourselves negatively with those around us? 2．What does “hedonic adaptation” mean? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. As approaches to happier life small acts of kindness can effectively improve our well-being, we should use them as much as possible. 4．In addition to the methods mentioned in the passage, what other method(s) can you take to increase happiness? (In about 40 words) （22-23高二下·北京西城·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 With the ideal time for harvesting fresh tea leaves approaching, locals celebrated the beginning of the tea-picking season with a spirited ceremony held at Jingmai Mountain in Yunnan province. This annual event, which takes place towards the end of March, is a tradition among local minorities. Having been around for centuries, it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature. Jingmai Mountain, renowned for its thick forests of ancient tea trees, has been an essential part of the locals’ lives for centuries. People there maintain an ancient method of tea cultivation featuring a unique multi-layered (层) ecosystem, which is regarded as the key to maintaining harmony between humans and nature. The village has been located halfway up the mountain, close to the tea forest in the middle of the mountain, while farmland is in lower areas with abundant water sources, which can avoid disturbance to tea forests during planting. The ancient tea forests are now refreshing as the younger generations are introducing new ideas aimed at better developing the tea industry in this area. Xian Gong, 39, started a farmers’ cooperative in 2010 in Jingmai village. Over time, she expanded the initiative by developing it into a company integrating the cooperative, a tea factory, a hostel and a shop under one roof. Today, the tea gardens cover an area of more than 600 hectares and generate an annual output of more than 200 tons, helping nearly 500 households increase their incomes. A growing number of villagers are embracing new business opportunities by establishing cooperatives, tea factories and homestays. Many have adapted to the latest trends, such as selling tea through live streaming and sharing details of their daily lives and work on social media platforms. The recent boom in the modern tea industry has motivated the residents to take better care of their ancient tea forests. In addition to their efforts to resist using chemicals and avoid planting other crops in the tea forests, the local government has applied over 20 rules and regulations for the protection of precious ancient tea forests. They hold a strong belief that the tea mountain is the most valuable gift left by their ancestors and it is their due responsibility to protect and make good use of it. 1．Why do the locals celebrate the beginning of the tea-picking season? 2．What is the key feature of the ancient method of tea cultivation? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why. It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. 4．Give another example which mirrors human-nature harmony. 2021-2022学年北京期末真题 （21-22高二下·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Avoiding Procrastination——A Lesson You Shouldn’t Put Off You sit down to write a report for school, but decide to scroll your phone first. Soon, it’s evening and you still haven’t started that report. You’ve been having procrastination. It is not simple laziness. It’s the habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences. When you’re facing a task, one part of your mind is rational (理性的) and says, “Let’s do it.” Another part is irrational. It says, “Wouldn’t a quick video game be fun?” That part seeks instant satisfaction, while the rational part knows you should do your work. Being procrastinating may relieve pressure in the moment, but it is a force that constantly works against us, in our studies and our personal lives. It often stops us from reaching our potential and students who routinely procrastinate tend to get lower grades. In general, habitual procrastinators have to face high physical costs and the increase of stress and worry. It is something we all need to think about——and think about today, not tomorrow. So how do we beat it? First, we must understand the emotions behind procrastination. Studies have shown that people are more likely to procrastinate when they feel negative emotions, such as fear of failure or fright about doing boring tasks, toward things that need to be completed. It’s therefore important to ignore your mood, and just dive in and take the first step. For example, if you are writing a report, start by simply putting your name at the top of page one. Then, focus on taking one step at a time until you reach the finish line. When you’re done, reward yourself——maybe by doing something fun that was distracting (使分神) you before. If you do put things off, make sure to forgive yourself, since guilt makes the urge to procrastinate stronger. Beating procrastination, though, will help you in all aspects of your life, from finishing tasks at school to achieving personal goals. The time to start is now! 1．According to this passage, what’s procrastination? 2．What are the negative effects of procrastination? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Procrastination is more likely to appear when we have negative emotions, so we should reward ourselves first to delight us. 4．In addition to the tips mentioned in the passage, what other beneficial strategies can you offer to procrastinators? (In about 40 words) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读表达10篇 2023-2024学年北京期末真题 （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What We Really Know About ASMR If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok, you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone, carefully slicing stacks of slime, or slowly ripping strips of paper. These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood, relaxation, and even pain relief. But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video?A systematic review published seeks to answer that question. German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects. But first, where did this idea come from?There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s. The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health-focused website in2007. A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010. Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. They also explored its benefits. Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation. In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. Despite the encouraging results, the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants; more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR. Luckily, it’s true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair, whispering, and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief. The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. So if you’re feeling anxious or stressed, it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help! 1．What is an autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)? 2．According to the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. 4．Besides watching ASMR videos, what else do you do when feeling anxious or stressed? 【答案】1．(ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. 2．It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short-term memory. 3．Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among people. According to the passage, the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals. 4．Possible version 1: Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my problem more readily. (41w) Possible version 2: I may talk my problem out with my parents or friends. Through an in-depth chat, I may clear my mind and work out some plausible ways to deal with the problem causing my anxiety. (34w) 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了自主感官经络反应（ASMR）的概念、其常见触发因素、对身心健康的潜在益处，以及目前研究存在的局限性。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian (经络) response, or ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. (这些视频旨在触发自主感觉经络反应，即ASMR，一种愉快的感觉，从头顶向下到颈部后部，再到脊柱上部。)”可知，自主感官经络反应（ASMR）是一种令人愉快的感觉，从头顶向下延伸至颈部后方，直至上脊柱。故答案为：(ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine. 2．考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety.  Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory.  In specific cases, participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure, physical signals of relaxation.  In addition, they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief. (明确的证据表明，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑。数据还显示，它可以改善短期记忆。在特定情况下，观看ASMR视频的参与者心率和血压较低，这是放松的身体信号。此外，他们还发现ASMR会触发与放松和减压相关的大脑活动模式。)”可知，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑，改善短期记忆。故答案为：It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and improve short-term memory. 3．考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Based on the previous studies, the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sounds, and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals. (基于之前的研究，研究人员得出结论，触发因素包括耳语、敲击声和自然声音，值得注意的是，ASMR的具体触发因素和反应强度因人而异。)”可知，不同人对相同触发因素的反应强度可能不同，而非相似。因此，错误部分为：“they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people (它们可能会在不同人中引起相似强度的反应)”，因为实际上反应强度是因人而异的。故答案为：Although triggers of ASMR are different, they may cause reactions of similar intensity among different people. According to the passage, the intensity of the response varies widely by individuals. 4．开放性问题。如果时间允许，我可以到一个陌生的地方去城市散步。在一个新地方漫无目的地游荡会让我精神焕发，把我的注意力从导致我压力的原因上转移开。心情轻松，我可以更容易地面对我的问题。故答案为：Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attention away from what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my problem more readily. （23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The legendary horror author H. P. Lovecraft wrote that “the oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown.” Uncertainty causes people to see threats everywhere they look, and at the same time it makes them likely to react emotionally. Even minor periods of unpredictability can cause significant negative effects. Research on traffic jam, for example, has found that the lack of control drivers feel sends stress and anger levels through the roof. Uncertain bus, train, and plane delays are also major sources of uncertainty-triggered distress. One study found that giving people up-to-the-minute wait times was an effective way to limit anxiety and frustration. Even if the wait for a bus turned out to be long, removing the element of uncertainty made commuters feel better. Different people respond to uncertainty in different ways. Unfortunately, many are unhelpful coping strategies. People who struggle with uncertainty often respond to it by worrying. They also tend to think that worrying will somehow help them prepare for what’s to come. This is false. The more people engage in worrying, the less they feel confident in their ability to solve a problem and the worse their solutions tend to be. Trying to seek out new and helpful information can also backfire. BMC Public Health found that people can only process and make sense of a limited information, and that consuming too much new information can lead to confusion and increased uncertainty. Still, how to remove the effects of uncertainty is food for thought. 1．According to H. P. Lovecraft, what is the oldest and strongest fear? 2．Why can up-to-the-minute wait times limit anxiety? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶People who worry more will feel less confident in problem-solving, while their solutions tend to be better. 4．What uncertainty worries you most and how do you deal with it? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Fear of the unknown/uncertainty. 2．Because up-to-the-minute wait times can remove the element of uncertainty. 3．People who worry more will feel less confident in problem-solving, while their solutions tend to be better. 4．What uncertainty worries me most is job security. To deal with it, I can enhance my skills, build a strong professional network, and maintain a positive mindset, focusing on what I can control rather than worrying about what I cannot. 【导语】本文体裁属于说明文，主要阐述了不确定性对人类情绪的影响，引用了H. P. Lovecraft的观点来引入话题，并通过实例和研究结果讨论了不确定性如何引发人们的恐惧、焦虑和压力，以及人们应对不确定性的不同方式及其效果。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段“The legendary horror author H. P. Lovecraft wrote that “the oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown.” (传奇恐怖作家H. P. Lovecraft特写道：“人类最古老、最强烈的情感是恐惧，而最古老、最强烈的恐惧是对未知的恐惧。”)”可知，根据H. P. Lovecraft的说法，最古老、最强烈的恐惧是对未知/不确定性的恐惧。故答案为：Fear of the unknown/uncertainty. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“One study found that giving people up-to-the-minute wait times was an effective way to limit anxiety and frustration.  Even if the wait for a bus turned out to be long, removing the element of uncertainty made commuters feel better. (一项研究发现，给人们准确的等待时间是一种有效的方法，可以减少焦虑和沮丧。即使等公共汽车的时间很长，消除不确定因素也会让通勤者感觉更好。)”可知，因为长达一分钟的等待时间可以消除不确定性因素，所以可以限制焦虑。故答案为：Because up-to-the-minute wait times can remove the element of uncertainty. 3．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“The more people engage in worrying, the less they feel confident in their ability to solve a problem and the worse their solutions tend to be. (人们越是担心，他们对自己解决问题的能力就越不自信，他们的解决方案也就越糟糕。)”可知，担心得越多的人会对解决问题缺乏信心，而他们的解决方案往往会越糟糕。故答案为：People who worry more will feel less confident in problem-solving, while their solutions tend to be better. Because the more people engage in worrying, the less they feel confident in their ability to solve a problem and the worse their solutions tend to be. 4．开放性问题。不确定性让我最担心的是工作保障。为了应对它，我可以提高自己的技能，建立一个强大的专业网络，并保持积极的心态，专注于我能控制的事情，而不是担心我不能控制的事情。故答案为：What uncertainty worries me most is job security. To deal with it, I can enhance my skills, build a strong professional network, and maintain a positive mindset, focusing on what I can control rather than worrying about what I cannot. （23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Hogan was one of the greatest golfers of the 20th century, an accomplishment he achieved through tireless practice. For him, every practice session had a purpose. He spent years breaking down each phase of the golf swing and testing new methods for each part. The result was near perfection. Hogan finished his career with nine major championships. During his prime, other golfers attributed his remarkable success to “Hogan’s secret”. Today, experts have a new term for his style of improvement: deliberate practice. Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. While regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving performance. When Hogan carefully reconstructed each step of his golf swing, he was engaging in deliberate practice. He was finely tuning his technique. The greatest challenge of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up and putting in your repeated practice is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly overlook small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to transform repeated behaviors into automatic habits. The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes. Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. Too often, we assume we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In reality, we are merely reinforcing our current habits—not improving them. Deliberate practice always follows the same pattern: break the overall process down into parts, identify your weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate your learning into the overall process. Deliberate practice does not mean that you can fashion yourself into anything with enough work and effort, though. While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. 1．What is deliberate practice according to the passage? 2．What is the danger of mindless repetition? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice. 4．How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 2．The danger of mindless repetition is that progress becomes assumed. 3．According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills,so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice；原因为：According to the passage, while human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. 4．I will break down the skill into parts, identify my weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate my learning into the overall process to improve my performance. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是：刻意练习是一种特殊的练习方式，它需要有目的和系统的方法，集中的注意力和提高表现的具体目标。我们可以通过刻意练习来发展自己的技能。然而，这种练习并不意味着我们可以通过足够的工作和努力来塑造自己成为任何东西，因为基因对每个人能达到的极限有影响。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. (刻意练习是指一种特殊的、有目的的、系统的练习。)”可知，刻意练习是指一种特殊的、有目的的、系统的练习。故答案为Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. (无意识的活动是刻意练习的敌人。一遍又一遍地练习同样的事情的危险在于，你会想当然地认为自己取得了进步。)” 可知，无意识的重复练习的危险在于我们可能会误认为自己在进步，而实际上我们只是在加强当前的习惯，而没有改进它们。故答案为The danger of mindless repetition is that progress becomes assumed. 3．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. (虽然人类确实拥有发展技能的非凡能力，但基因限制了个人的能力。但基因并不能决定成绩。刻意练习可以帮助我们最大限度地发挥我们的潜力。它把潜力变成现实。)” 可知，虽然人类具有非凡的发展技能的能力，但基因决定了个人可以达到的极限，因此不能通过刻意练习实现任何成功，可以联系可以最大限度的帮助我们发挥自己的潜力，把潜力变成现实。原句“According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice.( 根据这篇文章，我们拥有一种非凡的能力来发展我们的技能，所以我们可以通过刻意的练习来取得任何成功。)”指出通过可以联系能够取得任何成功，“任何错误”表述错误，与原文信息不符，因为虽然人类具有非凡的发展技能的能力，但基因决定了个人可以达到的极限，因此不能通过刻意练习实现任何成功。故答案为According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice；原因为：According to the passage, while human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. 4．开放性题目。本题为开放性题目，回答言之有理即可。题目的内容是“How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills?( 你将如何通过刻意练习来发展你的一项技能?)”；本人认为我会将技能分解成几个部分，找出自己的弱点，针对每个部分测试新的策略，然后将我的学习融入到整体过程中，以提高我的表现。故答案为I will break down the skill into parts, identify my weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate my learning into the overall process to improve my performance. （23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Marva Collins’ journey as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned to teach at a public school in Chicago. At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges. Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the potential to learn and succeed, she set out to create a classroom environment that would foster a love of learning, a sense of discipline, and a belief in oneself. Collins first established a rigorous academic curriculum that would challenge her students to reach their full potential. She taught her students traditional subjects and also emphasized critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity. Her teaching methods were highly effective, and students soon began to show remarkable progress. But Collins’ greatest achievement was the founding of the Westside Prep School, which she started in 1975. The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. At the Prep School. Collin s stressed the importance of discipline and hard work. She expected her students to arrive on time, in uniform, and ready to learn, and she installed in them a sense of responsibility and accountability. Collins also emphasized the importance of building relationships between teachers and students. She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, are she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. Under her leadership, the Prep School became known for its high academic standards and its ability to help struggling students. Many of the school’s graduates went on to attend top colleges and universities, and some went on to become leaders in their fields. Collins’ impact on education was recognized by educators around the world. Today, her legacy lives on. Her emphasis on discipline, hard work, and relationships continues to be a model for effective teaching, and her belief in the potential of every student continues to inspire educators to make a difference in the lives of the at-risk students. 1．What challenges did Collins face as a new teacher? 2．Why was the Prep School considered the “haven for learning”? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. 4．Which one of Collin’s teaching beliefs impresses you most? Why? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. 2．Because the school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially. 3．To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. Because Collins encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. 4．Collins’ emphasis on discipline and diligence impresses me most. It teaches me that success doesn’t come easily but is built on dedication and personal efforts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way for one’s goals. 【导语】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述了Marva Collins作为一名教师的生涯，她的教育理念，以及她创立Westside Prep School的过程和成就。文章通过叙述她的教学实践、成就和影响，展现了她对教育的贡献和她作为教育者的形象。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“At the time, the school was troubled by low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. Despite these challenges. Collins was determined to help those students labeled as “difficult” or “at-risk”.  (当时，学校受到学术标准低下和学生行为不端的困扰。尽管有这些挑战。柯林斯决心帮助那些被贴上“困难”或“有风险”标签的学生。)”可知，柯林斯作为新教师面临的挑战包括学术水平低，学生行为不端的问题。故答案为：Low academic standards and misbehavior of the students. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“The school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially and therefore it was considered as the “haven for learning”. (学校为学生提供了一个安全、有教养的学习环境，学生可以在学业和社交方面茁壮成长，因此被认为是“学习的天堂”。)”可知，Prep School被认为是“学习的天堂”是因为它为学生提供了安全和培养的环境，使他们在学业和社会交往上都能茁壮成长。故答案为：Because the school provided a safe and nurturing environment where students could thrive academically and socially. 3．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“She believed that strong relationships were the foundation of effective teaching, are she encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences.(她相信牢固的人际关系是有效教学的基础，因此她鼓励老师根据学生的个体差异进行个性化教学。)”可知，柯林斯实际上鼓励教师根据学生的个体差异个性化教学，而不是将学生视为一个没有差异的整体。该陈述：“为了实现有效教学，柯林斯鼓励她的教师与学生建立牢固的关系，并将他们作为一个整体来教学。”中错误的部分是“并将其作为一个整体来教学”，故答案为：To achieve effective teaching, Collins encouraged her teachers to build strong relationships with the students and teach them as a whole. Because Collins encouraged her teachers to personalize their instruction based on the students’ individual differences. 4．开放性问题。Collins对纪律和勤奋的强调给我留下了最深刻的印象。它告诉我，成功来之不易，而是建立在奉献精神和个人努力之上的。这种信念在现实生活中至关重要，因为它塑造了性格，为实现目标铺平了道路。故答案为：Collins’ emphasis on discipline and diligence impresses me most. It teaches me that success doesn’t come easily but is built on dedication and personal efforts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way for one’s goals. （23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? If you answer “yes” to any of the questions, then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms (症状) are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先) over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young． So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. 1．What is a textaholic? 2．What causes a person to be a textaholic? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.   To cure text addiction, individuals should refuse to respond to messages and spend quality time with friends and family. 4．To help a textaholic, what other suggestions would you give him or her? (In about 40 words)   【答案】1．A textaholic is a person who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. 2．The desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. 3．To cure text addiction, individuals should refuse to respond to messages and spend quality time with friends and family. To cure text addiction, one should check and respond to messages only at certain times of the day. To cure text addiction, one should resist the urge to answer every message he or she receives. 215．One can engage in alternative activities that are enjoyable and fulfilling, such as hobbies or exercise, to divert attention from texting. Besides, one can seek professional help to address underlying emotional issues that may be driving the addiction. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是短信上瘾以及克服上瘾的方法。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages.(短信控可以定义为沉迷于发送和接收消息的人)”可知，短信控指的是沉迷于发送和接收信息的人。故答案为：A textaholic is a person who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.(与许多成瘾一样，问题的根源是渴望摆脱压力、焦虑和关系问题等情绪困难)”可知，渴望摆脱压力、焦虑和关系问题等情绪困难可能导致一个人成为短信控。故答案为：The desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages.(确保你克制住回复每一条信息的冲动，并考虑在外出时偶尔把手机放在身后。最重要的是，要花时间与朋友和家人共度美好时光，花时间重新学习面对面交谈的艺术，而不是通过短信来建立关系)”可知，为了治疗短信成瘾，人们应该在一天中的特定时间检查和回复信息，克制住回复每一条信息的冲动，花时间与朋友和家人共度美好时光。故答案为：To cure text addiction, individuals should refuse to respond to messages and spend quality time with friends and family. To cure text addiction, one should check and respond to messages only at certain times of the day. To cure text addiction, one should resist the urge to answer every message he or she receives. 4．开放性题目。答案不唯一，合理即可。人们可以从事令人愉快和充实的替代活动，如爱好或锻炼，以转移人们对发短信的注意力。此外，人们可以寻求专业帮助来解决可能导致成瘾的潜在情绪问题。故答案为：One can engage in alternative activities that are enjoyable and fulfilling, such as hobbies or exercise, to divert attention from texting. Besides, one can seek professional help to address underlying emotional issues that may be driving the addiction. （23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 1．What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? 2．What are the negative effects of complaining? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. 4．Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．To gain redress for displeasure. 2．Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 3．➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 219．(1) Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant. (44) (2) I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. (46) 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲调查数据显示，现在抱怨现象越来越多，而文章建议读者减少抱怨，多点宽容。 1．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Sometimes, complaining is ‘instrumental’, designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. (有时，抱怨是‘工具性的’，旨在获得对不满的补偿，例如糟糕的服务或家庭成员令人讨厌的行为)”可知，“工具性”抱怨的目的是为了获得不满的补偿。故填To gain redress for displeasure. 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. (虽然抱怨可能会暂时缓解压力，但从长远来看，这对你的幸福感不利。学者们已经表明，在社交媒体上分享负面情绪的人的幸福感水平较低。抱怨也会降低你周围人的幸福感)”可知，从长远来看，抱怨不利于你的幸福，也会降低你周围人的幸福感。故填Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Complaining can also be ‘chronic’, a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. (抱怨也可能是‘慢性’的，这是一种不满状态，抱怨者不断思考自己的痛苦，拒绝得到安慰)”可知，抱怨者是拒绝安慰的，而不是获取同情。故正确答案为 “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 4．开放性试题。言之有理即可。其中答案可以为“阅读一直是我处理不满的方式，因为在阅读的同时，我接触到了一个巨大的世界，在那里我可以体验到生活的无限可能性。此外，我从阅读中获得的全新视角使我不满的原因显得微不足道。”，也可以为“我会直面生活中的不满，积极寻求解决方案。与其抱怨，我会找出我不满的根源并采取有效措施。通过这样做，我可以将不满转化为个人成长和积极改变的动力。”故填Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant.或者I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. 2022-2023学年北京期末真题 （22-23高二下·北京石景山·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Doctors in Bristol can send patients on a free course from this month, which uses stand-up comedy to help patients overcome their trauma (创伤). The course was pioneered by Angie Belcher, a comedian at the University of Bristol. Comedy is a natural human trait (特质). Every night we come back home from work and tell our family what our day was like, but on the way home we’ll make up details, and try to make our stories funnier to entertain family members. Professional comedy education is to give a tool to take this to a more polished and informed level. The content of the six-week course is described as a “combination of psychology, comedy and storytelling.” Actually, past traumas are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn’t come from the happy moments of our life, but from our everyday struggles. People, who’ve been through big life experiences, such as the loss of a close friend or ill health, often can’t wait to share their stories, mostly because there’s always something funny about the situation. We can accept and honor the comedy of a situation, as much as the sadness of it. While the comedy course can’t take the place of traditional clinical approaches, talking about our trauma in a funny way is quite lovely, and more importantly, it has a chain reaction on our audience, and we help other people to deal with their sadness. When we bring our stories alive for others, it makes other people feel less alone. Having our experiences mirrored back to us is hugely comforting. Comedy builds community. 1．Who was the course pioneered by? 2．What is the content of the course? 3．Please underline the false part in the following statement and explain why. Comedy comes from our everyday struggles, and from the happy moments of our life as well. 4．If you meet a trauma, would you like to take the comedy course? Why? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．The course was pioneered by Angie Belcher, a comedian at the University of Bristol. 2．A combination of psychology, comedy and storytelling. 3．Comedy comes from our everyday struggles, and from the happy moments of our life as well. Because comedy doesn’t come from the happy moments of our life. 4．If I encounter trauma, I am willing to take comedy classes. Because when we vividly present our own story to others, they will feel less lonely. It is very gratifying to reflect our experiences onto us. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了病人参加一个免费课程，该课程使用单口喜剧来帮助病人克服创伤。文章详述了这样做的原因。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“The course was pioneered by Angie Belcher, a comedian at the University of Bristol. (这门课程是由布里斯托尔大学的喜剧演员安吉·贝尔彻开创的。)”可知，这门课程是由安吉·贝尔彻开创的，他是布里斯托尔大学的喜剧演员。故答案为：The course was pioneered by Angie Belcher, a comedian at the University of Bristol. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“The content of the six-week course is described as a “combination of psychology, comedy and storytelling.” (六周的课程内容被描述为“心理学、喜剧和讲故事的结合”。)”可知，这门课程是内容“心理学、喜剧和讲故事的结合”。故答案为：A combination of psychology, comedy and storytelling. 3．考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“Comedy doesn’t come from the happy moments of our life, but from our everyday struggles. (喜剧不是来自我们生活中的快乐时刻，而是来自我们每天的挣扎。)”可知，喜剧不是来自我们生活中的快乐时刻。故答案为：Comedy comes from our everyday struggles, and from the happy moments of our life as well. Because comedy doesn’t come from the happy moments of our life. 4．考查语言表达。如果我遇到创伤，我愿意参加喜剧课程。因为当我们把自己的故事生动地呈现给别人时，别人会觉得不那么孤单。把我们的经历反射到我们身上是非常令人欣慰的。故答案为：If I encounter trauma, I am willing to take comedy classes. Because when we vividly present our own story to others, they will feel less lonely. It is very gratifying to reflect our experiences onto us. （22-23高二下·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” We all know that healthy habits can help us build a strong body, but how can we live a happy life? Over the past two decades, scientists have identified many techniques to raise our happiness, but these methods cannot work magic. “Things like poverty or injury are obviously going to affect your well-being,” says Laurie Santos, at Yale University. “But for many of us, our happiness is much more under our control than we think.” Her free course, The Science of Well-being, explores evidence-based ways to increase happiness. For a taste of what the course involves, consider our tendency to compare ourselves negatively with the people around us. By recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise, you can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral(中立的).With this kind of thinking, you may start to feel more content. The use of gratitude journals, where you regularly count your blessing, work on a similar basis. We have a tendency for “hedonic adaptation”, essentially getting used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest—we should delay that process. Other tips like small acts of kindness may surprise you with rewarding experience. However, those approaches to happier life should be used carefully. There is now some evidence that pursuit of happiness can have the opposite effect if it becomes time-consuming. Keeping a gratitude journal appears to be effective if it is used once a week. It seems that the technique may become a burden if it is practiced too regularly. There seems little doubt that we can learn to be happier, but we should recognize that the path to a better life is with ups and downs. You cannot remove every negative feeling, but with some science-backed strategies, you can shift the balance so as to experience more positive feeling than negative ones. 1．How can we deal with the tendency to compare ourselves negatively with those around us? 2．What does “hedonic adaptation” mean? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. As approaches to happier life small acts of kindness can effectively improve our well-being, we should use them as much as possible. 4．In addition to the methods mentioned in the passage, what other method(s) can you take to increase happiness? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．We can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral by recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise. 2．It means a process that we essentially get used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest. 3．As approaches to happier life small acts of kindness can effectively improve our well-being, we should use them as much as possible. Because the approaches can have the opposite effect if they become time-consuming. 1．Taking exercise regularly; sleep early and don’t stay up; making friends with optimistic people; working hard. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以提升幸福感的循证方法，并指出通向更好生活的道路是有起有伏的，消极情绪不可避免，但可以用这些方法来改变这种平衡，体验更多的积极情绪。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For a taste of what the course involves, consider our tendency to compare ourselves negatively with the people around us. By recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise, you can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral(中立的).(为了体验这门课程所涉及的内容，考虑一下我们与周围人进行负面比较的倾向。通过识别这些想法何时开始出现，你可以有意识地将参比点转移到更中性的东西上。)”可知，当我们倾向与周围人进行消极比较时，我们可以通过识别这些想法出现的时间，从而有意识地将参比点转移到更中性的东西上。故答案为We can consciously shift the reference point to something more neutral by recognizing when those thoughts have started to arise. 2．短语猜测题。根据第三段中的“We have a tendency for ‘hedonic adaptation’, essentially getting used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest—we should delay that process.(我们有一种‘hedonic adaptation’的倾向，随着时间的推移，我们基本上习惯了生活中的美好事物，并认为它们是理所当然的，所以它们不再给我们带来同样的兴趣——我们应该推迟这个过程。)”可知，hedonic adaptation指的是随着时间的推移对美好事物逐渐习惯并把其当作理所当然而不再对其感兴趣的这种过程，故答案为It means a process that we essentially get used to the good things in our life over time, and taking them for granted, so they no longer bring us the same interest. 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, those approaches to happier life should be used carefully. There is now some evidence that pursuit of happiness can have the opposite effect if it becomes time-consuming.(然而，这些通往幸福生活的方法应该谨慎使用。现在有一些证据表明，如果追求幸福变得耗时，可能会产生相反的效果。)”可知，要谨慎使用这些通往幸福生活的方法，因为一旦这些方法变得耗时，可能会产生相反的效果，所以不能尽可能多地使用这些方法，故答案为As approaches to happier life small acts of kindness can effectively improve our well-being, we should use them as much as possible. Because the approaches can have the opposite effect if they become time-consuming. 4．推理判断题。本题要求想出一些其他的提升幸福感的方法，根据第一段中的“Things like poverty or injury are obviously going to affect your well-being(贫穷或受伤等事情显然会影响你的幸福)”和最后一段中的“You cannot remove every negative feeling, but with some science-backed strategies, you can shift the balance so as to experience more positive feeling than negative ones.(你不能消除每一种消极情绪，但有了一些科学支持的策略，你可以改变平衡，体验到比消极情绪更多的积极情绪。)”可知，经济和身体因素会影响幸福，但可以用科学方法来体验更多的积极情绪，由此可推测出，定期锻炼、早睡不熬夜、与乐观的人交朋友、努力工作可以带来幸福，因为这些方法可以保证人们有健康的身体、积极交流情感的对象和更好的物质条件，故答案为Taking exercise regularly; sleep early and don’t stay up; making friends with optimistic people; working hard. （22-23高二下·北京西城·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 With the ideal time for harvesting fresh tea leaves approaching, locals celebrated the beginning of the tea-picking season with a spirited ceremony held at Jingmai Mountain in Yunnan province. This annual event, which takes place towards the end of March, is a tradition among local minorities. Having been around for centuries, it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature. Jingmai Mountain, renowned for its thick forests of ancient tea trees, has been an essential part of the locals’ lives for centuries. People there maintain an ancient method of tea cultivation featuring a unique multi-layered (层) ecosystem, which is regarded as the key to maintaining harmony between humans and nature. The village has been located halfway up the mountain, close to the tea forest in the middle of the mountain, while farmland is in lower areas with abundant water sources, which can avoid disturbance to tea forests during planting. The ancient tea forests are now refreshing as the younger generations are introducing new ideas aimed at better developing the tea industry in this area. Xian Gong, 39, started a farmers’ cooperative in 2010 in Jingmai village. Over time, she expanded the initiative by developing it into a company integrating the cooperative, a tea factory, a hostel and a shop under one roof. Today, the tea gardens cover an area of more than 600 hectares and generate an annual output of more than 200 tons, helping nearly 500 households increase their incomes. A growing number of villagers are embracing new business opportunities by establishing cooperatives, tea factories and homestays. Many have adapted to the latest trends, such as selling tea through live streaming and sharing details of their daily lives and work on social media platforms. The recent boom in the modern tea industry has motivated the residents to take better care of their ancient tea forests. In addition to their efforts to resist using chemicals and avoid planting other crops in the tea forests, the local government has applied over 20 rules and regulations for the protection of precious ancient tea forests. They hold a strong belief that the tea mountain is the most valuable gift left by their ancestors and it is their due responsibility to protect and make good use of it. 1．Why do the locals celebrate the beginning of the tea-picking season? 2．What is the key feature of the ancient method of tea cultivation? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, and then underline it and explain why. It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. 4．Give another example which mirrors human-nature harmony. 【答案】1．Because it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature. 1．This method of tea cultivation features a unique multi-layered ecosystem. 2．It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. It is because of the recent boom in the modern tea industry. 3．One example that mirrors the harmony between humans and nature is sustainable farming practices. Sustainable farming aims to minimize the negative impact on the environment while maximizing the productivity of agricultural activities. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着采摘新鲜茶叶的理想时间的临近，当地人在云南省的景麦山举行了一场热烈的仪式来庆祝采茶季节的开始。文章介绍了当地茶叶种植的历史以及发展情况。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Having been around for centuries, it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature.(茶林已经存在了几个世纪，在收获大自然的礼物之前，这是一个表达对茶林的尊重的绝佳机会)”可知，当地人庆祝采茶季节的开始是因为这是一个表达对茶林的尊重的绝佳机会。故答案为Because it is a perfect opportunity to show respect for the tea forest before harvesting the gifts of nature. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“People there maintain an ancient method of tea cultivation featuring a unique multi-layered (层) ecosystem, which is regarded as the key to maintaining harmony between humans and nature.(那里的人们保持着一种古老的茶叶种植方法，这种方法具有独特的多层生态系统，被认为是维持人与自然和谐相处的关键)”可知，古代茶叶种植方法的主要特点是具有独特的多层生态系统。故答案为This method of tea cultivation features a unique multi-layered ecosystem. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The recent boom in the modern tea industry has motivated the residents to take better care of their ancient tea forests.(近年来现代茶业的蓬勃发展促使当地居民更好地保护他们的古老茶林)”可知，错误的部分是“due to the efforts made by the local residents”，真正的原因是近年来现代茶业的蓬勃发展。故答案为It is only due to the efforts made by the local residents that the ancient tea forests have been protected. It is because of the recent boom in the modern tea industry. 4．考查开放题。根据“再举一个反映人与自然和谐的例子”可回答：反映人与自然和谐的一个例子是可持续农业实践。可持续农业旨在最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响，同时最大限度地提高农业活动的生产力。故答案为One example that mirrors the harmony between humans and nature is sustainable farming practices. Sustainable farming aims to minimize the negative impact on the environment while maximizing the productivity of agricultural activities. 2021-2022学年北京期末真题 （21-22高二下·北京朝阳·期末）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Avoiding Procrastination——A Lesson You Shouldn’t Put Off You sit down to write a report for school, but decide to scroll your phone first. Soon, it’s evening and you still haven’t started that report. You’ve been having procrastination. It is not simple laziness. It’s the habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences. When you’re facing a task, one part of your mind is rational (理性的) and says, “Let’s do it.” Another part is irrational. It says, “Wouldn’t a quick video game be fun?” That part seeks instant satisfaction, while the rational part knows you should do your work. Being procrastinating may relieve pressure in the moment, but it is a force that constantly works against us, in our studies and our personal lives. It often stops us from reaching our potential and students who routinely procrastinate tend to get lower grades. In general, habitual procrastinators have to face high physical costs and the increase of stress and worry. It is something we all need to think about——and think about today, not tomorrow. So how do we beat it? First, we must understand the emotions behind procrastination. Studies have shown that people are more likely to procrastinate when they feel negative emotions, such as fear of failure or fright about doing boring tasks, toward things that need to be completed. It’s therefore important to ignore your mood, and just dive in and take the first step. For example, if you are writing a report, start by simply putting your name at the top of page one. Then, focus on taking one step at a time until you reach the finish line. When you’re done, reward yourself——maybe by doing something fun that was distracting (使分神) you before. If you do put things off, make sure to forgive yourself, since guilt makes the urge to procrastinate stronger. Beating procrastination, though, will help you in all aspects of your life, from finishing tasks at school to achieving personal goals. The time to start is now! 1．According to this passage, what’s procrastination? 2．What are the negative effects of procrastination? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Procrastination is more likely to appear when we have negative emotions, so we should reward ourselves first to delight us. 4．In addition to the tips mentioned in the passage, what other beneficial strategies can you offer to procrastinators? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Procrastination is a habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences. 2．Procrastination prevents us from reaching our potential and getting high grades, which has negative effects on our physical and psychological heath if practiced habitually. 3．Procrastination is more likely to appear when we have negative emotions, so we should reward ourselves first to delight us. Because we should ignore our negative mood, just dive in and take the first step. 235．言之有理即可。 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拖延症，分析了其产生的原因以及介绍了两个克服拖延症的小方法。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“It is not simple laziness. It’s the habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences.(这不是简单的懒惰。这是一种不顾负面后果而逃避紧急任务的习惯。)”可知，拖延症是一种不顾负面后果而逃避紧急任务的习惯。故答案为Procrastination is a habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences. 2．考查推理判断。根据第二段“It often stops us from reaching our potential and students who routinely procrastinate tend to get lower grades. In general, habitual procrastinators have to face high physical costs and the increase of stress and worry.(它经常阻碍我们发挥自己的潜能，经常拖延的学生往往会得到较低的分数。一般来说，习惯性拖延者不得不面对高昂的身体成本，以及压力和担忧的增加。)”可知，拖延症会使得我们不能发挥潜能，得不到高分，对我们的身心都有不好的影响。故答案为Procrastination prevents us from reaching our potential and getting high grades, which has negative effects on our physical and psychological heath if practiced habitually. 3．考查推理判断。根据第三段“First, we must understand the emotions behind procrastination. Studies have shown that people are more likely to procrastinate when they feel negative emotions, such as fear of failure or fright about doing boring tasks, toward things that need to be completed. It’s therefore important to ignore your mood, and just dive in and take the first step.(首先，我们必须了解拖延症背后的情绪。研究表明，当人们对需要完成的事情产生负面情绪时，比如害怕失败或害怕做无聊的任务，他们更有可能拖延。因此，忽略自己的情绪是很重要的，投入进去，迈出第一步。)”可知，当人们产生负面情绪时， 就会容易拖延，此时，我们应该忽略自己的负面情绪，投入工作中。因此原句中的“reward ourselves first to delight us.”是错误的，故答案为Procrastination is more likely to appear when we have negative emotions, so we should reward ourselves first to delight us. Because we should ignore our negative mood, just dive in and take the first step. 4．开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：People often procrastinate because they think they can put off the work for a while, so it’s important for us to set goals and make a daily schedule in order to reach them. Besides, we need to turn off the Internet to avoid being distracted. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$