专题07 七选五10篇-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）

专题07 七选五10篇 2023-2024学年北京期末真题 （23-24高一下·北京丰台·期末）How objective are you? How often are you over-reacting to situations, taking things personally or judging people unfairly? We all do this at some time or another. 1 Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments. Moreover, our desire to succeed is often so strong, that, under these intense circumstances, our limiting mental models tend to get in our way, creating even more stress and causing us to react in ways that we may regret. Our ability to be objective depends on our willingness to question our mental models, the lens through which we perceive, interpret and respond to our world. If our mental models are incorrect, then our understanding of what is going on and our response to it, are often incorrect. 2 The good news is that with practice, we can interrupt our automatic reactions, and choose a different response. Each time we do this, we are re-wiring our neural network by creating new pathways based on new models: new ways of perceiving and responding to our world. 3 One of the most powerful mental model transformation catalysts (催化剂) is new knowledge or logic that challenge old ways of thinking. 4 They’ve usually been with us a while, so we tend to trust them. For most of us, we have never been taught about mental models and how to evaluate them to determine if they are helpful or harmful. To transform unproductive mental models, we must change our mind! We have to decide, through our own logic and reason, whether our way of seeing the world is no longer valid for us. 5 It is in the wake of this new knowledge that transformation takes place. At that moment, a set of new connections is created in the brain. It’s these new connections that have the potential to enhance our mental resources to help us transform limiting mental models. A．We can actually learn to think smarter! B．An objective leader must judge and treat people fairly. C．This requires that we be open to new knowledge and reasoning. D．The key is to accept a problem as it occurs and not take it personally. E．This is why we sometimes misjudge situations and take things personally. F．As we have seen, mental models are deep — rooted beliefs we tend to hold onto. G．The challenge is that when we are under pressure, we tend to be less objective. （23-24高一下·北京海淀·期末）Features of Modern-Day Heroes: Beyond Superpowers and Capes In modern society, heroism has evolved (演变) from the traditional idea of a brave or noble character to individuals who show exceptional courage, selflessness, and dedication to a cause. From healthcare workers and first responders to social activists, heroes come in all shapes and forms. 1 For this question, we need to examine the various characteristics that make a person a hero and the impact they have on society. 2 In ancient myths, heroism was often associated with figures or warriors with superhuman abilities. They were often shown as larger-than-life figures who represented the values and beliefs of their own cultures. As societies became more complex, the definition of heroism also changed. In the modern world, the term heroism has a much broader meaning. While physical strength and fighting skills are still valued, moral courage, selflessness, and resilience have become just as important. In today’s society, a modern hero can be someone who stands up for his or her beliefs, even if it goes against societal norms, or someone who puts the needs of others before his or her own. One of the most critical changes in modern heroism is including people from all walks of life. Today, people from various backgrounds and experiences are recognized for their contributions, from first responders who put their lives on the line in emergencies to activists who fight for social justice. 3 The rise of social media has also affected how heroism is viewed and celebrated. 4 The danger of social media, however, is that it reduces heroism to a popularity contest in which the deeds that are “liked” or “shared” the most are considered particularly heroic. In reality, heroism is much more complex than that. Although heroism has evolved, it remains an essential aspect of our society. Real heroes remind us that we all have the power to positively impact the world, no matter how big or small our deeds may seem. Heroism has come a long way since its origins in ancient civilizations. 5 However, the true essence (实质) of heroism isn’t popularity or fame but a lasting commitment to serving others and making the world a better place. A．Modern heroism often takes shape in acts of kindness. B．Heroism has a long history and varies in different cultures. C．But what are the defining characteristics of a modern hero? D．The evolution of heroism reflects the evolution of society itself. E．Modern heroes exist in every profession and every corner of society. F．It has given ordinary people a platform to share and get recognized for their heroic deeds. G．It has expanded to include more people and traits, and social media has expanded its reach. （23-24高一下·北京东城·期末）Traditions are a way of life for many people. They are passed down from generation to generation, often with little change over time. 1 Do they lose their meaning and significance, or do they adapt and become more connected to the current times? Traditions are often seen as unchanging parts of culture. However, they are not carved in stone. 2 For example, some traditional celebrations may include new activities or technologies that were not present in the past, but they still keep the key elements that make the celebration unique. 3 Some traditions may change due to the influence of other cultures or new technologies. Others may evolve (演变) due to shifts in values. A perfect example is wedding traditions. Modern weddings may absorb traditional aspects like the white dress, but may also include newer ideas like technology-enhanced design. When a tradition changes, there is always the possibility for it to lose its significance or meaning. For example, if a community’s traditional harvest celebration is changed to include new technology, it may not feel traditional anymore. 4 Those who have kept up with the changing times while still preserving their cultural heritage have found ways to revive their traditions and even make them more interesting and related to the general people. In conclusion, tradition is ever-evolving. 5 Instead, they give the traditions meaning and resonate (共鸣) with people in new and exciting ways. Thus, while traditions may change, they are still important to hold on to our identity and community. It is our responsibility to keep them alive. A．Traditions change for many reasons. B．Traditions can be changed or adapted. C．Traditions usually adapt to meet changing times. D．But what happens when traditions start to evolve and change? E．The changes don’t necessarily mean that traditions become less important. F．As society becomes more global, technology continues to affect traditional customs. G．However, change can also help a tradition become more related to modern audiences. （23-24高一下·北京昌平·期末）With the rise of language apps, learning a new language is perhaps more popular than ever. There is no doubt that language learning apps have benefits as a supplement (补充) to formal education. 1 Here are some underrated ways to learn a new language. One of the most common advice for language learners is to consume films and shows in the language they are learning. In fact, they don’t help a new learner to follow. 2 The cartoons are often made up of basic phrases and words that one would learn at a primary level. Plus, cartoons usually come with clearer and slower pronunciation, which will help learners adapt to understanding without subtitles. 3 There is another choice: listening to podcasts and songs in the language you are trying to master. Not only can you pick up idioms, but you can also explore various topics to enlarge your vocabulary and understand differences within various contexts. Being exposed to the rhythm of native speakers will also help your learning, and you can achieve all of this while developing a fondness for the culture. When practising speaking, one runs the risk of making mistakes or embarrassing oneself when attempting to practise in public or with a native speaker. So, instead, start small. Speak to your pet or an inanimate object around the house. 4 The goal is to get used to sounding the letters. producing the accent and getting the words out. Another creative method to put your writing skills to test is to keep a pen pal. Ideally, find someone who is not only fluent in the language you are learning, but who is also learning a language you are fluent in. Through the exchange of letters, you not only get to practise your writing skills but can also provide feedback to each other. 5 A．Tell them about your day or describe how you feel. B．If watching cartoons is not your cup of tea, fear not. C．Plus, everyone gets a friend through a foreign stamp. D．So can foreign speakers gain fluency within weeks or months? E．Understanding of the films and shows depends heavily on subtitles. F．Instead, a step down the ladder would be to watch children’s cartoons. G．But it is unrealistic to expect master y of a new tongue simply through their use. （23-24高一下·北京朝阳·期末）The moment any birdwatcher spots a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they do is to pull out a phone and identify the species. This suggests curiosity is all about acting now. It drives us to find answers as soon as possible. The impatience for answers mirrors what psychologists think is a main function of curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. 1 In a recent study, scientists have found that it can also inspire more patience, setting people up for those moments of discovery. They asked more than 2,000 people aged 19 to 76 years to watch a series of short videos. Each video started with a blank(空白的) screen. 2 While the participants watched each video, the scientists would ask them how curious they were about what the drawing would become. They also made guesses about what the drawing was going to turn into and how much joy or annoyance they felt. Interestingly, when participants were more curious, they were more likely to continue watching. 3 The experiment also revealed that as people watched the video, curiosity would change across the journey. Yet regardless of how curiosity changed, people with greater curiosity tend to engage in the process. 4 First, it underlines the complexity of curiosity, opening new paths for research to explore its varieties. It also highlights the significance of engaging with uncertainty: Having to consider and predict answers can improve learning and memory, and curiosity can promote brain states that help us store new information. Learning new things can be challenging. 5 A．But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. B．However, curiosity makes people eager for knowledge. C．The possible effects of the research are really impressive. D．So when uncertainty was greatest, curiosity was experienced with joy. E．A line would then appear and move around, gradually taking a shape. F．In other words, higher curiosity motivated people to slow down and be patient. G．However, making good use of curiosity can help us enjoy the process of learning. （23-24高一下·北京通州·期末）Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels. 1 They head for the country, to one of the numerous United States national parks, and take advantage of the fresh air and many outdoor activities that nature has to offer. “I’m a successful lawyer from San Francisco,” says Gavin Murphy. “ 2 I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.” 3 They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests. Camping out does have its disadvantages, however. 4 Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子). Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. 5 “It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!” A．If it rains, there is not much to do. B．Camping is not really my cup of tea. C．But every once in a while I like to get back to nature. D．Some of the visitors have no experience being in the country. E．Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year. F．But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday. G．Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from. 2022-2023学年北京期末真题 （22-23高一下·北京海淀·期末）Working Together to Save the Sea Turtles Florida has some of the best beaches in the world. Thousands of people visit the state to enjoy the sand. But these beaches are also home to five species of sea turtles. A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. 1 So how do Floridians protect these special animals? Some volunteers and researchers in Florida take direct action to help the turtles. They look closely at the sand to find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there. 2 When they’ve figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. They also collect information about the nests and tracks to help people studying sea turtles. These are not the only Floridians taking action to help protect these creatures. Florida’s government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is “Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act”. This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. 3 Another way Floridians work together to save these creatures is through organizations like the Sea Turtle Conservancy. The Sea Turtle Conservancy helps people take steps that will help reduce the threats that put sea turtles in danger. For instance, bright lights on buildings near the beach can negatively impact sea turtles. Baby sea turtles usually hatch on the sandy beach and head to the ocean. When there are bright lights coming from the other side of the shore far from the ocean, the baby turtles get confused. 4 To help save these turtles, The Sea Turtle Conservancy works with property owners to make lighting in their buildings sea turtle-friendly. They also encourage Florida residents to turn off their lights at night if they live close to a beach. 5 Sometimes, turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish. They eat this trash and die. Florida residents can volunteer for beach clean-ups and make sure to pick up their own litter. They can also vote for state leaders who want to protect the sea turtles’ habitats. Every individual in the community has the power to make a difference! A．Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die. B．Some of these turtle species are in danger of going extinct. C．This helps them to locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs. D．It also helps make sure that sea turtles’ natural habitats are protected. E．Female sea turtles come from the ocean and onto these beaches at night. F．They use their fins to move back across the beach and return to the ocean. G．Every Floridian can do their part to protect sea turtles and their environment. （22-23高一下·北京东城·期末）In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money. 1 Then, why do the Chinese people use chopsticks? Some people did research on the origin of China’s chopsticks. One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society, relying mainly on vegetables for food. When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. 2 Westerners, on the other hand, travelled with their animals from place to place and lived on meat. For them, knives and forks were more practical. Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. 3 First, don’t use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg for meals. 4 It means you lay the blame on others. Also, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table. Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity. 5 However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. We Chinese people draw on this spirit, which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future. A．As a result, spoons were designed and preferred by Westerners. B．But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons. C．Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food. D．Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them. E．Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. F．So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. G．There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to. （22-23高一下·北京延庆·期末）The dinner party is disappearing according to an article in The New York Times. “How can this be?” You might wonder. Don’t we meet with friends to taste food in the hottest restaurants? Aren’t we invited by friends to enjoy home-cooked meals? And we throw parties for friends on special occasions, don’t we? 1 It is more formal and usually hosted in one’s home. Invitations are sent out ahead and hosts prepare food with great care. A beautiful tablecloth is spread out on the dinner table, which is then set with expensive cutlery (餐具). Guests dress up for the occasion and are expected to carry on a conversation at the table. 2 Is it because people are too busy to cook for others and then invite them to the table? Perhaps, but there are many food lovers nowadays, and TV programs teaching people how to cook are very popular. 3 According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don’t know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way. 4 In her opinion, its influence has been harmful to human communication. “People don’t even respond to dinner invitation anymore,” she said. “Not only do they cancel at the last minute, they do it by text message.” Things have changed a lot today. Perhaps the dinner party has just become a different kind of thing. However, it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location. 5 Even if we are using ordinary plates and are not wearing party dresses, we can still enjoy food and share our ideas of life, love and culture, can’t we? A．The age of great hosts is dead with the change of people’s lifestyles. B．In fact the dinner party the writer worries about disappearing is another kind. C．The real problem is that people don’t know how to make conversation anymore. D．They know exactly which guests to invite so that they can share their favourite food. E．The culture of the dinner party is not necessarily based on money and social influence. F．Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on sofa while playing on mobile phones. G．She also expresses dissatisfaction with electronic equipment. 2021-2022学年北京期末真题 （21-22高一下·北京房山·期末）It’s been said that good cooking is an art form. The truth is that it’s much more than that. 1 It invites kids to make connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from?” and “What is the history of this recipe?” It allows them to apply what they are learning in school in a new context. They also test the math skills of young chefs. Measuring ingredients(原料)are frequent tasks in cooking or baking. 2 It is a perfect opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix. Recipe failures matter as much as the successes. 3 When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake. 4 It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they otherwise might not have tried. Jad, 11, had never eaten quinoa(藜麦)before testing a recipe for quinoa with herbs. His parents reported that he was so excited about this new ingredient that he cooked it for his family the next night. Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the basic skills. 5 This year, Olive and I have already done a lot of holiday baking, including our favorite chocolate-chip cookies. We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience. A．It is patience that really matters. B．Cooking also brings science concepts to life. C．In some ways, they help kids develop resilience. D．It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen. E．Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character. F．When using oil or fat for cooking, use as little as possible. G．It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation. 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 七选五10篇 2023-2024学年北京期末真题 （23-24高一下·北京丰台·期末）How objective are you? How often are you over-reacting to situations, taking things personally or judging people unfairly? We all do this at some time or another. 1 Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments. Moreover, our desire to succeed is often so strong, that, under these intense circumstances, our limiting mental models tend to get in our way, creating even more stress and causing us to react in ways that we may regret. Our ability to be objective depends on our willingness to question our mental models, the lens through which we perceive, interpret and respond to our world. If our mental models are incorrect, then our understanding of what is going on and our response to it, are often incorrect. 2 The good news is that with practice, we can interrupt our automatic reactions, and choose a different response. Each time we do this, we are re-wiring our neural network by creating new pathways based on new models: new ways of perceiving and responding to our world. 3 One of the most powerful mental model transformation catalysts (催化剂) is new knowledge or logic that challenge old ways of thinking. 4 They’ve usually been with us a while, so we tend to trust them. For most of us, we have never been taught about mental models and how to evaluate them to determine if they are helpful or harmful. To transform unproductive mental models, we must change our mind! We have to decide, through our own logic and reason, whether our way of seeing the world is no longer valid for us. 5 It is in the wake of this new knowledge that transformation takes place. At that moment, a set of new connections is created in the brain. It’s these new connections that have the potential to enhance our mental resources to help us transform limiting mental models. A．We can actually learn to think smarter! B．An objective leader must judge and treat people fairly. C．This requires that we be open to new knowledge and reasoning. D．The key is to accept a problem as it occurs and not take it personally. E．This is why we sometimes misjudge situations and take things personally. F．As we have seen, mental models are deep — rooted beliefs we tend to hold onto. G．The challenge is that when we are under pressure, we tend to be less objective. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．A 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了压力下人们易受既有观念影响，导致判断失准，建议通过挑战旧思维模式，学习新知识，重塑神经网络路径，以提升客观性与智慧，实现更公正的决策和反应。 1．上文“How often are you over-reacting to situations, taking things personally or judging people unfairly? We all do this at some time or another.(你多久会对情况反应过度，把事情个人化或不公平地评判别人？我们都会在某个时候这样做)”说明我们都会在某个时候不太客观地做事情，G项“挑战在于，当我们面临压力时，我们往往不那么客观。”承接上文内容，并引出下文“Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力)”，说明压力会影响我们客观判断的能力，G项承上启下，符合题意。故选G。 2．上文“Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments. Moreover, our desire to succeed is often so strong, that, under these intense circumstances, our limiting mental models tend to get in our way, creating even more stress and causing us to react in ways that we may regret.(在压力下，我们大多数人只会利用过去的经验和偏见，这会影响我们清晰地看待事物和做出正确判断的能力。此外，我们对成功的渴望往往如此强烈，以至于在这种激烈的环境下，我们的限制性思维模式往往会阻碍我们，造成更大的压力，并导致我们做出可能后悔的反应)”说明影响我们客观判断的能力的原因包含压力和对成功的渴望，E项“这就是为什么我们有时会误判情况，把事情个人化。”承接上文，进一步说明上文原因可能导致的结果，符合题意。故选E。 3．上文“The good news is that with practice, we can interrupt our automatic reactions, and choose a different response. Each time we do this, we are re-wiring our neural network by creating new pathways based on new models: new ways of perceiving and responding to our world.(好消息是，通过练习，我们可以中断我们的自动反应，并选择不同的反应。每次我们这样做，我们都在通过基于新模型创建新的路径来重新连接我们的神经网络：感知和应对世界的新方式)”说明通过练习，我们可以创建新的路径重新连接我们的神经网络，以新的方式感知和应对世界，A项“我们实际上可以学会更聪明地思考！”进一步说明实际上，我们可以做到更聪明地思考，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。 4．下文“They’ve usually been with us a while, so we tend to trust them. For most of us, we have never been taught about mental models and how to evaluate them to determine if they are helpful or harmful.(它们通常和伴随我们一段时间，所以我们倾向于信任它们。对于我们大多数人来说，我们从未被教导过心理模型以及如何评估它们以确定它们是有益的还是有害的)”说明我们会倾向于相信伴随我们一段时间的心理模型，下文中的They指代F项中的mental models，F项“正如我们所看到的，心理模型是我们倾向于坚持的根深蒂固的信念。”说明心理模型的概念，引出下文，符合题意。故选F。 5．上文“To transform unproductive mental models, we must change our mind! We have to decide, through our own logic and reason, whether our way of seeing the world is no longer valid for us.(要转变效果不佳的思维模式，我们必须改变我们的思维方式！我们必须通过自己的逻辑和理性来决定，我们看待世界的方式是否对我们不再有效)”说明我们应该改变自己的思维方式，C项“这要求我们对新知识和推理持开放态度。”给出具体的做法，并引出下文“It is in the wake of this new knowledge that transformation takes place.(正是在这种新知识之后，才发生了转变)”，说明采取具体做法之后会发生的变化，C项承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 （23-24高一下·北京海淀·期末）Features of Modern-Day Heroes: Beyond Superpowers and Capes In modern society, heroism has evolved (演变) from the traditional idea of a brave or noble character to individuals who show exceptional courage, selflessness, and dedication to a cause. From healthcare workers and first responders to social activists, heroes come in all shapes and forms. 1 For this question, we need to examine the various characteristics that make a person a hero and the impact they have on society. 2 In ancient myths, heroism was often associated with figures or warriors with superhuman abilities. They were often shown as larger-than-life figures who represented the values and beliefs of their own cultures. As societies became more complex, the definition of heroism also changed. In the modern world, the term heroism has a much broader meaning. While physical strength and fighting skills are still valued, moral courage, selflessness, and resilience have become just as important. In today’s society, a modern hero can be someone who stands up for his or her beliefs, even if it goes against societal norms, or someone who puts the needs of others before his or her own. One of the most critical changes in modern heroism is including people from all walks of life. Today, people from various backgrounds and experiences are recognized for their contributions, from first responders who put their lives on the line in emergencies to activists who fight for social justice. 3 The rise of social media has also affected how heroism is viewed and celebrated. 4 The danger of social media, however, is that it reduces heroism to a popularity contest in which the deeds that are “liked” or “shared” the most are considered particularly heroic. In reality, heroism is much more complex than that. Although heroism has evolved, it remains an essential aspect of our society. Real heroes remind us that we all have the power to positively impact the world, no matter how big or small our deeds may seem. Heroism has come a long way since its origins in ancient civilizations. 5 However, the true essence (实质) of heroism isn’t popularity or fame but a lasting commitment to serving others and making the world a better place. A．Modern heroism often takes shape in acts of kindness. B．Heroism has a long history and varies in different cultures. C．But what are the defining characteristics of a modern hero? D．The evolution of heroism reflects the evolution of society itself. E．Modern heroes exist in every profession and every corner of society. F．It has given ordinary people a platform to share and get recognized for their heroic deeds. G．It has expanded to include more people and traits, and social media has expanded its reach. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．E 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述对于英雄的定义随时间而发生变化，现代英雄的特点超越超能力和斗篷，扩展到包括更多的人和特征，社交媒体也扩大了它的影响范围。 1．根据下文“For this question, we need to examine the various characteristics that make a person a hero and the impact they have on society.(对于这个问题，我们需要考察使一个人成为英雄的各种特征以及他们对社会的影响)”可知，空处提出了一个关于英雄特征的问题，C项“但是，现代英雄的典型特征是什么呢？”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据下文“In ancient myths, heroism was often associated with figures or warriors with superhuman abilities. They were often shown as larger-than-life figures who represented the values and beliefs of their own cultures. As societies became more complex, the definition of heroism also changed.(在古代神话中，英雄主义通常与具有超人能力的人物或战士联系在一起。他们经常被描绘成具有传奇色彩的人物，代表着他们自己文化的价值观和信仰。随着社会变得越来越复杂，英雄主义的定义也发生了变化)”可知，本段主要讲英雄主义随时间而发生的变化，D项“英雄主义的演变反映了社会本身的演变”符合语境，选项中的“The evolution of heroism”指代上文中“the definition of heroism also changed”。故选D。 3．根据上文“One of the most critical changes in modern heroism is including people from all walks of life. Today, people from various backgrounds and experiences are recognized for their contributions, from first responders who put their lives on the line in emergencies to activists who fight for social justice.(现代英雄主义最重要的变化之一是包括各行各业的人。今天，来自不同背景和经历的人们因他们的贡献而受到认可，从在紧急情况下冒着生命危险的第一响应者到为社会正义而斗争的活动家)”可知，本段主要讲述现代的英雄可以是各行各业的人，E项“现代英雄存在于各行各业，存在于社会的各个角落”符合语境。故选E。 4．上文“The rise of social media has also affected how heroism is viewed and celebrated.(社交媒体的兴起也影响了人们看待和庆祝英雄主义的方式)”提到社交媒体对英雄主义的影响，下文“The danger of social media, however…(然而，社交媒体的危险在于……)”出现转折，讲述社交媒体的危险，故空处承接上文，说明社交媒体的积极影响，F项“它为普通人提供了一个分享和认可他们英雄事迹的平台”符合语境。故选F。 5．空处位于尾段，应是总结性的内容；结合上文“Heroism has come a long way since its origins in ancient civilizations.(自从英雄主义起源于古代文明以来，它已经走过了漫长的道路)”可知，G项“它已经扩展到包括更多的人和特征，社交媒体也扩大了它的影响范围”符合语境，总结上文内容，故选G。 （23-24高一下·北京东城·期末）Traditions are a way of life for many people. They are passed down from generation to generation, often with little change over time. 1 Do they lose their meaning and significance, or do they adapt and become more connected to the current times? Traditions are often seen as unchanging parts of culture. However, they are not carved in stone. 2 For example, some traditional celebrations may include new activities or technologies that were not present in the past, but they still keep the key elements that make the celebration unique. 3 Some traditions may change due to the influence of other cultures or new technologies. Others may evolve (演变) due to shifts in values. A perfect example is wedding traditions. Modern weddings may absorb traditional aspects like the white dress, but may also include newer ideas like technology-enhanced design. When a tradition changes, there is always the possibility for it to lose its significance or meaning. For example, if a community’s traditional harvest celebration is changed to include new technology, it may not feel traditional anymore. 4 Those who have kept up with the changing times while still preserving their cultural heritage have found ways to revive their traditions and even make them more interesting and related to the general people. In conclusion, tradition is ever-evolving. 5 Instead, they give the traditions meaning and resonate (共鸣) with people in new and exciting ways. Thus, while traditions may change, they are still important to hold on to our identity and community. It is our responsibility to keep them alive. A．Traditions change for many reasons. B．Traditions can be changed or adapted. C．Traditions usually adapt to meet changing times. D．But what happens when traditions start to evolve and change? E．The changes don’t necessarily mean that traditions become less important. F．As society becomes more global, technology continues to affect traditional customs. G．However, change can also help a tradition become more related to modern audiences. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统实际上并非一成不变，而是在不断发展，包括吸收新技术和不同文化的影响。文章指出，尽管传统可能因变化而失去某些原有意义，但适应性变化也能使其与现代受众更相关，增强其吸引力。 1．前文“Traditions are a way of life for many people. They are passed down from generation to generation, often with little change over time. (传统是许多人的一种生活方式。它们是代代相传的，通常随着时间的推移几乎没有变化)”提到传统几乎不会随着时间而变化，后文“Do they lose their meaning and significance, or do they adapt and become more connected to the current times? (它们是否失去了它们的意义和重要性，或者它们是否适应并与当前时代更加紧密地联系在一起？)”提出问题，疑惑传统变化这件事意味着什么，因此D项“But what happens when traditions start to evolve and change? (但是当传统开始演变和改变时会发生什么呢？)”符合语境，引出传统开始演变和改变的情境，和前文构成转折，引出后文进一步的问题，后文的they指代其中的traditions。故选D。 2．前文“Traditions are often seen as unchanging parts of culture. However, they are not carved in stone. (传统通常被视为文化中不变的部分。然而，它们并不是刻在石头上的)”指出传统实际上并非不可变化，因此B项“Traditions can be changed or adapted. (传统可以改变或调整)”符合语境，承接前文。故选B。 3．根据后文“Some traditions may change due to the influence of other cultures or new technologies. Others may evolve (演变) due to shifts in values. A perfect example is wedding traditions. (由于其他文化或新技术的影响，一些传统可能会改变。其他可能是由于价值观的转变而演变的。婚礼传统就是一个很好的例子)”可知，本段主要介绍传统发生改变的原因，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与原因相关，因此A项“Traditions change for many reasons. (传统的改变有很多原因)”符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的reasons和后文的due to呼应。故选A。 4．前文“For example, if a community’s traditional harvest celebration is changed to include new technology, it may not feel traditional anymore. (例如，如果一个社区的传统丰收庆祝活动包含了新技术，它可能就不再是传统的了)”以具体的例子说明传统的改变会让其本身的性质变化，属于负面影响，后文“Those who have kept up with the changing times while still preserving their cultural heritage have found ways to revive their traditions and even make them more interesting and related to the general people. (那些在保持文化遗产的同时跟上时代变化的人找到了恢复他们的传统的方法，甚至使它们更有趣，与一般人相关)”指出也存在保持传统的同时跟上时代变化的情况，因此G项“However, change can also help a tradition become more related to modern audiences. (然而，改变也可以帮助传统与现代受众更紧密地联系起来)”符合语境，指出传统的改变的积极影响，和前文构成转折，引出后文。故选G。 5．前文“In conclusion, tradition is ever-evolving. (总之，传统是不断发展的)”指出传统不断发展，后文“Instead, they give the traditions meaning and resonate (共鸣) with people in new and exciting ways. (相反，它们赋予了传统意义，并以新的、令人兴奋的方式与人们产生共鸣)”指出变化的积极意义，因此E项“The changes don’t necessarily mean that traditions become less important. (这些变化并不一定意味着传统变得不那么重要了)”符合语境，和前文构成转折，后文是对其解释，后文的they指代其中的The changes。故选E。 （23-24高一下·北京昌平·期末）With the rise of language apps, learning a new language is perhaps more popular than ever. There is no doubt that language learning apps have benefits as a supplement (补充) to formal education. 1 Here are some underrated ways to learn a new language. One of the most common advice for language learners is to consume films and shows in the language they are learning. In fact, they don’t help a new learner to follow. 2 The cartoons are often made up of basic phrases and words that one would learn at a primary level. Plus, cartoons usually come with clearer and slower pronunciation, which will help learners adapt to understanding without subtitles. 3 There is another choice: listening to podcasts and songs in the language you are trying to master. Not only can you pick up idioms, but you can also explore various topics to enlarge your vocabulary and understand differences within various contexts. Being exposed to the rhythm of native speakers will also help your learning, and you can achieve all of this while developing a fondness for the culture. When practising speaking, one runs the risk of making mistakes or embarrassing oneself when attempting to practise in public or with a native speaker. So, instead, start small. Speak to your pet or an inanimate object around the house. 4 The goal is to get used to sounding the letters. producing the accent and getting the words out. Another creative method to put your writing skills to test is to keep a pen pal. Ideally, find someone who is not only fluent in the language you are learning, but who is also learning a language you are fluent in. Through the exchange of letters, you not only get to practise your writing skills but can also provide feedback to each other. 5 A．Tell them about your day or describe how you feel. B．If watching cartoons is not your cup of tea, fear not. C．Plus, everyone gets a friend through a foreign stamp. D．So can foreign speakers gain fluency within weeks or months? E．Understanding of the films and shows depends heavily on subtitles. F．Instead, a step down the ladder would be to watch children’s cartoons. G．But it is unrealistic to expect master y of a new tongue simply through their use. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习一门新语言的方法。 1．根据上文“There is no doubt that language learning apps have benefits as a supplement (补充) to formal education.”（毫无疑问，语言学习应用程序作为正规教育的补充是有好处的）以及下文“Here are some underrated ways to learn a new language.”（这里有一些被低估的学习一门新语言的方法。）可知，选项与上文为转折关系，且承接下文说明仅仅靠语言应用程序是不足够的。故G选项“但是，仅仅通过使用它们来掌握一门新语言是不现实的”切题。故选G项。 2．根据上文“One of the most common advice for language learners is to consume films and shows in the language they are learning. In fact, they don’t help a new learner to follow.”（对于语言学习者来说，最常见的建议之一是观看他们正在学习的语言的电影和节目。事实上，它们并不能帮助初学习者跟上所学内容）以及下文“The cartoons are often made up of basic phrases and words that one would learn at a primary level. Plus, cartoons usually come with clearer and slower pronunciation, which will help learners adapt to understanding without subtitles.”（这些卡通片通常是由初级水平的基本短语和单词组成的。此外，动画片通常有更清晰、更慢的发音，这将有助于学习者适应没有字幕的理解。）可知，选项承接上文，在电影和电视节目帮助不了初学者的情况下，推荐一种更简单的看的方式——看卡通片；故F选项“相反，可以退一步看看儿童卡通片。”符合语境。故选F项。 3．上一段中“The cartoons are often made up of basic phrases and words that one would learn at a primary level. Plus, cartoons usually come with clearer and slower pronunciation, which will help learners adapt to understanding without subtitles.”（这些漫画通常是由初级水平的基本短语和单词组成的。此外，动画片通常有更清晰、更慢的发音，这将有助于学习者适应没有字幕的理解。）推荐通过看动画片来学习语言；由下文“There is another choice: listening to podcasts and songs in the language you are trying to master.”（还有另一种选择:听你想要掌握的语言的播客和歌曲。）可知，本段介绍了除了另外一种选择：听也是一种提高语言的方法。故B选项“如果你不喜欢看动画片，不要害怕”承上承上启下，符合语境，选项中“watching cartoons”与上一段中“cartoons”相呼应。故选B项。 4．上文“Speak to your pet or an inanimate object around the house.”（和你的宠物或房子周围的无生命的物体说话。）建议跟宠物或房子周围的无生命的物体说话；A选项“告诉他们你的一天或描述你的感受”承接上文，阐述可以说的内容，符合语境，选项中“them”指代上文中“pet or an inanimate object around the house”。故选A项。 5．根据上文“Through the exchange of letters, you not only get to practise your writing skills but can also provide feedback to each other.”（通过交换信件，你不仅可以练习你的写作技巧，还可以相互提供反馈）可知，选项承接上文继续说明交换邮件的益处。故C选项“另外，每个人都可以通过外国邮票交到朋友”切题。故选C项。 （23-24高一下·北京朝阳·期末）The moment any birdwatcher spots a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they do is to pull out a phone and identify the species. This suggests curiosity is all about acting now. It drives us to find answers as soon as possible. The impatience for answers mirrors what psychologists think is a main function of curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. 1 In a recent study, scientists have found that it can also inspire more patience, setting people up for those moments of discovery. They asked more than 2,000 people aged 19 to 76 years to watch a series of short videos. Each video started with a blank(空白的) screen. 2 While the participants watched each video, the scientists would ask them how curious they were about what the drawing would become. They also made guesses about what the drawing was going to turn into and how much joy or annoyance they felt. Interestingly, when participants were more curious, they were more likely to continue watching. 3 The experiment also revealed that as people watched the video, curiosity would change across the journey. Yet regardless of how curiosity changed, people with greater curiosity tend to engage in the process. 4 First, it underlines the complexity of curiosity, opening new paths for research to explore its varieties. It also highlights the significance of engaging with uncertainty: Having to consider and predict answers can improve learning and memory, and curiosity can promote brain states that help us store new information. Learning new things can be challenging. 5 A．But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. B．However, curiosity makes people eager for knowledge. C．The possible effects of the research are really impressive. D．So when uncertainty was greatest, curiosity was experienced with joy. E．A line would then appear and move around, gradually taking a shape. F．In other words, higher curiosity motivated people to slow down and be patient. G．However, making good use of curiosity can help us enjoy the process of learning. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．F 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于好奇心的研究，它强调了好奇心的复杂性。好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。我们要充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。 1．根据上文“The moment any birdwatcher spots a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they do is to pull out a phone and identify the species. This suggests curiosity is all about acting now. It drives us to find answers as soon as possible. The impatience for answers mirrors what psychologists think is a main function of curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. (任何观鸟者一旦发现一只令人震惊的陌生鸟，他们要做的第一件事就是拿出手机，识别它的种类。这表明好奇心就是现在就行动。它驱使我们尽快找到答案。对答案的不耐烦反映了心理学家认为好奇心的主要功能：减少不确定性。)”可知，空格处需要进一步说明好奇心，总结尽快找到答案存在的缺点。选项A. But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. (但这种好奇心的图景是不完整的。)与上文形成转折关系；能够承接上文。故选A。 2．根据上文“Each video started with a blank(空白的) screen. (每个视频都以空白屏幕开始。)”以及下文“While the participants watched each video, the scientists would ask them how curious they were about what the drawing would become. (当参与者观看每个视频时，科学家会问他们对画出来的东西有多好奇。)”可知，空格处应说明的是视频接下来播放的内容。选项E. A line would then appear and move around, gradually taking a shape. (然后会出现一条线并四处移动，逐渐形成形状。)说明的是接下来的内容，选项中的then与started with相呼应，能够承上启下。故选E。 3．根据上文“Interestingly, when participants were more curious, they were more likely to continue watching. (有趣的是，当参与者更好奇时，他们更有可能继续观看。)”以及下文“The experiment also revealed that as people watched the video, curiosity would change across the journey. Yet regardless of how curiosity changed, people with greater curiosity tend to engage in the process. (实验还显示，当人们观看视频时，好奇心会在整个过程中发生变化。然而，不管好奇心如何变化，好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来。)”可知，空格处继续说明好奇心对于人们的作用。选项F. In other words, higher curiosity motivated people to slow down and be patient. (换句话说，更高的好奇心促使人们放慢脚步，保持耐心。)中的“放慢脚步，保持耐心”与上文中的“他们可能继续观看”相呼应；且与下文中“好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来”相呼应；能够承上启下。故选F。 4．根据下文“First, it underlines the complexity of curiosity, opening new paths for research to explore its varieties. It also highlights the significance of engaging with uncertainty: Having to consider and predict answers can improve learning and memory, and curiosity can promote brain states that help us store new information. (首先，它强调了好奇心的复杂性，为探索好奇心的多样性开辟了新的研究途径。它还强调了与不确定性接触的重要性:必须考虑和预测答案可以提高学习和记忆能力，好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。)”可知，空格处需要填入主题句，说明的是研究的影响作用。选项C. The possible effects of the research are really impressive. (这项研究可能产生的影响确实令人印象深刻。)，说明的是这些研究给人深刻的影响，能够作为本段的主题句，引出下文。故选C。 5．根据上文“Learning new things can be challenging. (学习新事物是很有挑战性的。)”以及本文的主题好奇心，可知，空格处需要进一步说明学习与好奇心的关系。选项G. However, making good use of curiosity can help us enjoy the process of learning. (然而，充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。)说明的是如何利用好奇心来学习，上文中的“Learning new things”与“the process of learning”相呼应；与上文形成转折关系，选项G能够承接上文，总结全文。故选G。 （23-24高一下·北京通州·期末）Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels. 1 They head for the country, to one of the numerous United States national parks, and take advantage of the fresh air and many outdoor activities that nature has to offer. “I’m a successful lawyer from San Francisco,” says Gavin Murphy. “ 2 I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.” 3 They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests. Camping out does have its disadvantages, however. 4 Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子). Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. 5 “It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!” A．If it rains, there is not much to do. B．Camping is not really my cup of tea. C．But every once in a while I like to get back to nature. D．Some of the visitors have no experience being in the country. E．Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year. F．But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday. G．Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．G 4．A 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲野外活动的益处和注意事项。 1．由上文“Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels.(许多人喜欢在假期里游泳、晒太阳和住在豪华酒店。)”可知，这里讲一些人对假期的选择。F项But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday.(但还有无数其他人更喜欢不同类型的假期)符合语境，其中but与上文形成转折，且本句也有启下作用。故选F项。 2．由下文“I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.(我通常去Yosemite国家公园，在那里我睡在帐篷里，徒步旅行，享受宁静。)”可知，这里讲Gavin Murphy喜欢去大自然中旅行，C项But every once in a while I like to get back to nature.(但每隔一段时间我就喜欢回到大自然。)符合语境，其中get back to nature有启下作用。故选C项。 3．由下文“They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests.(他们可以在寒冷的溪流中钓鱼，在蜿蜒的自然步道上徒步旅行，或者沿着风景优美的小路骑自行车。在一年中的某些时候，公园会为游客提供有导游的自然漫步和各种主题的有趣讲座。)”可知，这里主要讲户外游客可以参加很多活动。G项Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from.(国家公园的游客有各种各样的活动可供选择。)符合语境，其中a wide variety of activities和后文活动内容对应，有启下作用。故选G项。 4．由下文“Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子).(即使天气转晴，仍有很多泥要处理。晚上的天气可能很冷，而且总是有很多蚊子。)”可知，这里主要讲雨后露营的缺点。A项If it rains, there is not much to do.(如果下雨，就没什么可做的了。)符合语境，其中rains和后文lots of mud对应，有启下作用。故选A项。 5．由上文“Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. (公园管理员建议游客注意蛇，因为蛇的叮咬可能有毒。他们强调，有必要把食物收起来，这样一只意想不到的熊就不会对一些惊讶的客人进行不受欢迎的访问。)”和下文““It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!”(“坐在泳池边喝一杯可能很好，”热爱大自然的Tanya Rodriguez说，“但大自然真的很美，我在这里遇到了很多有趣的人。没有什么能比得上这样的假期!”)”可知，虽然在公园露营有危险，但游客们还是不断来这里，因为他们在大自然中体会到了有趣事、遇到了有趣的人，E项Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year.(然而，自然爱好者年复一年地继续参观国家公园。)符合语境，其中Yet让前后文形成转折关系。故选E项。 2022-2023学年北京期末真题 （22-23高一下·北京海淀·期末）Working Together to Save the Sea Turtles Florida has some of the best beaches in the world. Thousands of people visit the state to enjoy the sand. But these beaches are also home to five species of sea turtles. A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. 1 So how do Floridians protect these special animals? Some volunteers and researchers in Florida take direct action to help the turtles. They look closely at the sand to find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there. 2 When they’ve figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. They also collect information about the nests and tracks to help people studying sea turtles. These are not the only Floridians taking action to help protect these creatures. Florida’s government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is “Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act”. This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. 3 Another way Floridians work together to save these creatures is through organizations like the Sea Turtle Conservancy. The Sea Turtle Conservancy helps people take steps that will help reduce the threats that put sea turtles in danger. For instance, bright lights on buildings near the beach can negatively impact sea turtles. Baby sea turtles usually hatch on the sandy beach and head to the ocean. When there are bright lights coming from the other side of the shore far from the ocean, the baby turtles get confused. 4 To help save these turtles, The Sea Turtle Conservancy works with property owners to make lighting in their buildings sea turtle-friendly. They also encourage Florida residents to turn off their lights at night if they live close to a beach. 5 Sometimes, turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish. They eat this trash and die. Florida residents can volunteer for beach clean-ups and make sure to pick up their own litter. They can also vote for state leaders who want to protect the sea turtles’ habitats. Every individual in the community has the power to make a difference! A．Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die. B．Some of these turtle species are in danger of going extinct. C．This helps them to locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs. D．It also helps make sure that sea turtles’ natural habitats are protected. E．Female sea turtles come from the ocean and onto these beaches at night. F．They use their fins to move back across the beach and return to the ocean. G．Every Floridian can do their part to protect sea turtles and their environment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了佛罗里达的海滩是五种海龟的家园，如今海龟正面临灭绝的危险，佛罗里达人采取多种措施来保护海龟、海龟巢、海龟蛋以及海龟的自然栖息地。 1．根据上文“A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. (这些有趣的生物面临着一个主要问题。)”可知，设空处应具体说这个问题，下文“So how do Floridians protect these special animals? (那么佛罗里达人是如何保护这些特殊动物的呢？)”，句中用到protect these special animals，说明这些特殊动物面临的问题很严重，得靠人为干预才可能解决，B项“Some of these turtle species are in danger of going extinct. (其中一些海龟有灭绝的危险。)”，B项承上启下，衔接连贯。故选B项。 2．根据上文“They look closely at the sand to find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there. (他们仔细观察沙子，寻找海龟妈妈留在那里的鳍标记。)”，下文“When they’ve figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. (当他们弄清楚卵的位置后，它们会在这个区域做上标记，这样就不会有人打扰卵了。)”可知，本段内容与保护海龟蛋有关，C项“This helps them to locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs. (这有助于他们定位海龟产卵的地方。)”，C项起到承上启下的作用，句中的This指代上文的find the fin (鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there, locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs与下文figured out where the eggs were laid呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选C项。 3．根据上文“Florida’s government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is ‘Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act’. This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. (佛罗里达州政府已经通过了拯救海龟的法律。其中一项法律是《佛罗里达州海龟保护法》。这项法律禁止任何人扰乱或破坏海龟、海龟巢或海龟蛋)”可知，佛罗里达有了保护海龟、海龟巢或海龟蛋的法律，D项“It also helps make sure that sea turtles’ natural habitats are protected. (它还有助于确保海龟的自然栖息地得到保护。)”，句中的It知道上文的Florida’s Marine Turtle Protection Act，由also可知，D项承接上一句，说明了法律保护的具体范畴，上下文衔接连贯。故选D项。 4．根据上文“Baby sea turtles usually hatch on the sandy beach and head to the ocean. When there are bright lights coming from the other side of the shore far from the ocean, the baby turtles get confused. (小海龟通常在沙滩上孵化，然后游向大海。当有明亮的光线从远离海洋的海岸的另一边照射过来时，小海龟就会感到困惑。)”可知，小海龟因为夜间的人造光，迷失了方向，A项“Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die. (它们中的许多海龟没能进入海洋就死了。)”可知，句中的them指代上文的the baby turtles，上下文语意一致，衔接连贯。故选A项。 5．根据本段最后一句“Every individual in the community has the power to make a difference! (社区中的每个人都有能力做出改变！)”可知，这是本段的结尾总结句，提及到每一位社区成员，为了保护海龟，佛罗里达的居民们也要尽一份力，G项“Every Floridian can do their part to protect sea turtles and their environment. (每个佛罗里达人都可以尽自己的一份力量来保护海龟和它们的环境。)”，G项为本段中心句，与最后的总结句呼应，语意一致。故选G项。 （22-23高一下·北京东城·期末）In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money. 1 Then, why do the Chinese people use chopsticks? Some people did research on the origin of China’s chopsticks. One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society, relying mainly on vegetables for food. When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. 2 Westerners, on the other hand, travelled with their animals from place to place and lived on meat. For them, knives and forks were more practical. Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. 3 First, don’t use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg for meals. 4 It means you lay the blame on others. Also, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table. Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity. 5 However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. We Chinese people draw on this spirit, which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future. A．As a result, spoons were designed and preferred by Westerners. B．But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons. C．Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food. D．Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them. E．Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. F．So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. G．There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国筷子的起源和文化意义，以及使用筷子的一些礼仪规则。文章指出，筷子是中国人因为饮食习惯而发明的，代表着团结的力量和温和的品德。同时，使用筷子也有一些禁忌和规矩需要遵守。文章最后强调了筷子所代表的团结精神，鼓励人们共同努力创造更美好的未来。 1．根据前文“In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money.(17世纪，一位英国商人听说中国有一亿人口，就下决心去中国卖勺子。他想，即使一个勺子能挣一分钱，他也会赚很多钱)”可知，后文应该强调该事情的结果。B选项“But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons.( 但令他惊讶的是，中国人用筷子，而不是勺子)”承接前文。故选B。 2．根据前文“When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. (当我们蒸或煮食物时，我们很难用勺子把蔬菜浸在汤里)”可知，此处应该强调解决该问题的方式。C选项“Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food.(因此，中国人聪明地发明了筷子来挑选食物)”承接前文。故选C。 3．根据前文“Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. (筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和仁爱)”可知，筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和仁爱。后文应该继续对该主题进行强调。F选项“So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. (因此，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则)”指出，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则。these virtues指代前文的gentleness and kindness。故选F。 4．根据后文“It means you lay the blame on others.(这意味着你把责任推给别人)”可知，此处指出用筷子指着别人意味着把责任推给别人。D选项“Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them.(此外，不要用筷子指着别人)”与下文的it呼应，且First和Besides是并列关系。故选D。 5．根据前文“Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity.(如今，筷子已成为中国文化的典型组成部分，象征着团结的力量)”可知，此处强调筷子象征着团结的力量。同时根据后文“However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. (然而，十双筷子代表力量，这意味着它们在任何情况下都不会折断)”可知，前文应该与此处构成转折关系。E选项“Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. (事实上，一根筷子是没有用的，它是如此脆弱，很容易被折断)”指出一根筷子容易折断，与后文构成转折关系。故选E。 （22-23高一下·北京延庆·期末）The dinner party is disappearing according to an article in The New York Times. “How can this be?” You might wonder. Don’t we meet with friends to taste food in the hottest restaurants? Aren’t we invited by friends to enjoy home-cooked meals? And we throw parties for friends on special occasions, don’t we? 1 It is more formal and usually hosted in one’s home. Invitations are sent out ahead and hosts prepare food with great care. A beautiful tablecloth is spread out on the dinner table, which is then set with expensive cutlery (餐具). Guests dress up for the occasion and are expected to carry on a conversation at the table. 2 Is it because people are too busy to cook for others and then invite them to the table? Perhaps, but there are many food lovers nowadays, and TV programs teaching people how to cook are very popular. 3 According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don’t know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way. 4 In her opinion, its influence has been harmful to human communication. “People don’t even respond to dinner invitation anymore,” she said. “Not only do they cancel at the last minute, they do it by text message.” Things have changed a lot today. Perhaps the dinner party has just become a different kind of thing. However, it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location. 5 Even if we are using ordinary plates and are not wearing party dresses, we can still enjoy food and share our ideas of life, love and culture, can’t we? A．The age of great hosts is dead with the change of people’s lifestyles. B．In fact the dinner party the writer worries about disappearing is another kind. C．The real problem is that people don’t know how to make conversation anymore. D．They know exactly which guests to invite so that they can share their favourite food. E．The culture of the dinner party is not necessarily based on money and social influence. F．Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on sofa while playing on mobile phones. G．She also expresses dissatisfaction with electronic equipment. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．G 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据《纽约时报》的一篇文章，晚宴正在消失。文章讲述了晚宴消失的一些原因。 1．第一段中““How can this be?” You might wonder. Don’t we meet with friends to taste food in the hottest restaurants? Aren’t we invited by friends to enjoy home-cooked meals? And we throw parties for friends on special occasions, don’t we?”（“怎么会这样?”你可能会好奇。我们不是应该和朋友一起去最热门的餐厅品尝美食吗？我们不是被朋友邀请来吃家常菜的吗？我们会在特殊场合为朋友举办派对，不是吗？）以问题形式呈现了现实中呈现的聚会形式。空后“It is more formal and usually hosted in one’s home. Invitations are sent out ahead and hosts prepare food with great care. A beautiful tablecloth is spread out on the dinner table, which is then set with expensive cutlery (餐具). Guests dress up for the occasion and are expected to carry on a conversation at the table.”（它更加正式，通常在家里举办。邀请函会提前发出，主人会小心翼翼地准备食物。一块漂亮的桌布铺在餐桌上，餐桌上摆放着昂贵的餐具。客人们盛装出席，并被要求在餐桌上进行交谈。）叙述了传统意义上的晚宴的形式，因此作为承上启下的句子，空处应该讲述《纽约时报》的文章讲述晚宴应是指传统意义上的晚宴。因此应该讲述事实上作者的担心并非是现实意义上的聚会，而是传统意义上的晚宴。选项B“事实上，作者担心消失的晚宴是另一种类型。”，符合题意，故选B。 2．根据空前描述传统意义上的晚宴形式，空处应承接前文，讲述现实的形式与传统形式不同的地方。选项F“然而现在，人们更喜欢在沙发上吃外卖，同时玩手机。”切题，故选F。 3．根据空前“Is it because people are too busy to cook for others and then invite them to the table? Perhaps, but there are many food lovers nowadays, and TV programs teaching people how to cook are very popular.”（是因为人们太忙了，没有时间为别人做饭，然后邀请他们来吃饭吗？也许吧，但是现在有很多美食爱好者，教人们如何烹饪的电视节目很受欢迎。）说明为了现实中人们不邀请别人来家吃饭的原因可能是由于太忙没有时间。空后“According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. ”（美国作家朱迪思•马丁（Judith Martin）表示，人们从小就被教育要表达自己，而不是交流思想。）表述了人们从小到大所受的教育中缺失要交流思想的教育。所以空处应讲述人们不愿意邀请别人到家老吃饭的真正原因。选项C“真正的问题是人们不再知道如何交谈。”与下文论述人们从小到大接受教育时缺失交流思想的教育，形成了呼应，切题，故选C。 4．根据上文“According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don’t know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way.”（美国作家朱迪思•马丁（Judith Martin）表示，人们从小就被教育要表达自己，而不是交流思想。他们不知道如何以适当的方式与他人分享自己的经历和感受。）可知，空处应承接上文，讲述作家朱迪思•马丁的观点。选项G“她还对电子设备表示不满。”表述了作家朱迪思•马丁的另一个观点，切题。故选G。 5．根据上文“Things have changed a lot today. Perhaps the dinner party has just become a different kind of thing. However, it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location.”（今天事情变了很多。也许晚宴已经变成另一种事情了。然而，它只需要一些食物，一张桌子和一个位置。）说明虽然时代让晚宴变成了另一种表达，但晚宴的真正形式并没有改变。所以空处应承接前文，讲述晚宴应该建立在基本的形式上。选项E“宴会文化并不一定建立在金钱和社会影响力的基础上。”与下文“Even if we are using ordinary plates and are not wearing party dresses, we can still enjoy food and share our ideas of life, love and culture, can’t we?”（即使我们使用普通的盘子，不穿晚礼服，我们仍然可以享受食物，分享我们的生活，爱和文化的想法，不是吗？）肯定了普通形式的晚宴聚会一样可以实现其非常的意义，切题，故选E。 2021-2022学年北京期末真题 （21-22高一下·北京房山·期末）It’s been said that good cooking is an art form. The truth is that it’s much more than that. 1 It invites kids to make connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from?” and “What is the history of this recipe?” It allows them to apply what they are learning in school in a new context. They also test the math skills of young chefs. Measuring ingredients(原料)are frequent tasks in cooking or baking. 2 It is a perfect opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix. Recipe failures matter as much as the successes. 3 When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake. 4 It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they otherwise might not have tried. Jad, 11, had never eaten quinoa(藜麦)before testing a recipe for quinoa with herbs. His parents reported that he was so excited about this new ingredient that he cooked it for his family the next night. Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the basic skills. 5 This year, Olive and I have already done a lot of holiday baking, including our favorite chocolate-chip cookies. We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience. A．It is patience that really matters. B．Cooking also brings science concepts to life. C．In some ways, they help kids develop resilience. D．It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen. E．Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character. F．When using oil or fat for cooking, use as little as possible. G．It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．C 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了烹饪的好处。烹饪不只是教会小孩基本的技能，它能激发小孩的创作性，鼓励小孩学会批判性思考并且学会互相合作。 1．根据前文“The truth is that it’s much more than that.(事实是远不止如此。)”以及后文“It invites kids to make connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from?” and “What is the history of this recipe?”(它使得孩子们通过问“我们的食物从哪里来？”和“这个食谱的历史是什么？”来与更广阔的世界建立联系。)”以及后文的“It encourages kids to work with others.(它鼓励孩子与他人一起工作。)”可知，烹饪能教会孩子们许多技能，让小孩们了解食物的来源、历史，并鼓励孩子们相互合作。选项G“It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation.( 这是一种教孩子们诸如如批判性思维、创造力和合作等重要技能的方式。)”承上启下，符合语意。故选G项。 2．根据后文“It is a perfect opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix.(这是他们了解油和水通常不相溶的绝佳机会。)”可知，通过烹饪孩子们还可以了解一些科学常识，比如油和水不相溶。选项B“烹饪也将科学概念带入生活”符合语境，选项中的“science concepts”对应下文的“oil and water don’t usually mix”，下文内容是众多“science concepts”中的一个。故选B项。 3．根据前文“Recipe failures matter as much as the successes.(食谱的失败和成功一样重要。)”以及后文的“When Helen, 11, took her cake out of the oven, she was disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake. (当11岁的海伦从烤箱里拿出她的蛋糕时，她失望地发现蛋糕竟然是平的。我告诉她，在我十一岁前，我不小心用大蒜粉而不是姜粉做了饼干。然后我们一起找出她的蛋糕出了什么问题。)”可知，烹饪时食谱的失败对小孩的成长很重要。由选项后的内容可知，小孩经历失败会失望，但这也会激励他们找出问题。选项C“在某些方面，他们帮助孩子们发展韧性”符合语境，选项中的“they”指的是前文的“Recipe failures”，选项中的“help kids develop resilience”对应后文的案例内容。故选C项。 4．根据后文“It encourages kids to work with others. It also encourages them to be open to foods they otherwise might not have tried.(它鼓励孩子和别人一起工作。这也鼓励他们对原本可能没有尝试过的食物持开放态度。)”可知，烹饪能激发小孩的合作精神以及鼓励他们对没有尝过的食物持开放态度，因此烹饪有助于培养孩子们的秉性。E项“Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character.(除了实用技能，烹饪还能塑造性格。)”符合语意。故选E项。 5．根据前文的“Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t the basic skills.(当然，和孩子一起做饭的最好部分不是基本技能。)”以及后文的“We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience.(尽管那次经历伴随着混乱，但我们都感到兴奋。)”可知，和小孩一起烹饪最重要不是学基本技能，更重要的是一起去经历这个过程，这是个美好的回忆。故选项D“It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen.(最重要的是你们在厨房共同创造的回忆。)”是上文的进一步解释，同时引出下文内容，符合语意。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$