专题06 阅读理解之议论文12篇-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题06 阅读理解之议论文12篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 适中 议论文,道德与品行 2 人与自我 适中 学习,议论文 3 人与自我 适中 学习,议论文 4 人与社会 较易 语言与文化 ,议论文 5 人与社会 适中 哲理感悟,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 6 人与社会 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文 7 人与社会 较难 议论文,人工智能 8 人与社会 适中 外国文化与节日,议论文 9 人与社会 适中 美术与摄影,议论文,人工智能 10 人与自然 适中 动物,议论文 11 人与自然 适中 科普知识 ,议论文 12 人与自然 适中 科学技术 ,议论文,航空航天 议论文之人与自我 （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the nature of our humanity? To put it in a simple way, people consider two completely different views of humanity. The first view is about dominance (统治) and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ key nature is more aggressive (好斗的) than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are giving up their well-being as they offer kindness to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view focuses on the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical view, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capbility to forgive, but instead with the potential (潜能) to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual behavior in unfriendly situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer kindness to others. B．People who forgive can have their own well-being affected. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 display? A．To forgive is to love. B．To fight is to grow. C．To give is to receive. D．To dominate is to harm. 3．Which of the following might the writer NOT agree with? A．Forgiveness can help us stay calm and find inner peace. B．Improved relationship can be one of results from forgiveness. C．Forgiveness is vital to the biological and physical integrity of humans. D．The people accepting your forgiveness may likely make possible changes. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．It takes practice to forgive. （23-24高一下·河北唐山·期末）For everyone whose relationship with mathematics is broken, Jo Boaler, a professor at Stanford Graduate School of Education, has ideas for repairing it. Most students have only ever experienced what she calls narrow mathematics. In this world of mathematics, questions have one valued method and one answer. Students need to follow a set of procedures at speed. When blindly memorizing math facts, they’re not developing number sense. They don’t learn how to use numbers flexibly in different situations. For most of them, mathematics is an almost completely symbolic experience. It’s a big part of why we have a country of mathematics failure and fear. In her new book, Boaler argues that mathematics should be taught in more visual (可视的) ways. Students should be invited to see mathematical ideas not only as numbers but also as words, visuals, physical representations, tables, models and movements. In her book she mentioned an activity she did with middle-school students in a summer camp where students were shown an image of a4 x4 x 4 cm cube (立方体) made up of smaller1 cm cubes. The larger cube was dipped (蘸) into a can of blue paint, and she asked, if they could take apart the little cubes, how many sides would be painted blue? To solve it, she gave the students sugar cubes and had them physically build a larger 4x 4 x 4 cube. A year later, she asked one student, Jed, how the camp had impacted him. Jed told her that he was in advanced math class, but he still remembered that sugar cube — what it looked like and felt like — and he had used the memory to solve many questions. He had built a mental representation of a cube. Some people may consider physical representations more suitable for younger kids, but Boaler wrote at last, “Look at those Tesla engineers. They’re drawing, they’re building models, and nobody says that’s basic mathematics.” 1．What is the result of narrow mathematics? A．Worry and lack of success. B．Good memory and performance. C．Fear of teachers and the school. D．Deep understanding of numbers. 2．What is Boaler’s idea about mathematics? A．To teach numbers like words. B．To connect it to the real world. C．To bring it to summer camps. D．To learn it out of the classroom. 3．Why are Tesla engineers mentioned? A．To praise the company. B．To show their creativity. C．To correct people’s idea. D．To set examples to younger kids. （23-24高一下·安徽合肥·期末）We live in an era, where a vast ocean of information is available immediately, and the question arises: can one learn too much? Because no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where too much learning can lead to inaction, a state of being flooded with too much information. Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting lots of research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complicated and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit affects practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. A more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather necessary information and then shift into action quickly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method applies to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interaction of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. 1．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The confusion caused by too much information. B．The inability to find relevant information. C．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. D．The desire to learn basic concepts or strategies. 2．How do you achieve goals effectively according to the text? A．Sticking to continuous learning. B．Gaining as much knowledge as possible. C．Taking practical action without delay. D．Focusing more on theoretical knowledge. 3．Why is the example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To compare different learning styles. B．To illustrate learning through action and experience. C．To show the significance of making mistakes. D．To emphasize the necessity for parental guidance. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Process of Absorbing Information B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing C．The Pursuit of Advanced Knowledge D．The importance of Hands-on Experience 议论文之人与社会 （23-24高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末）With the development of new media, the promotion of Mandarin (普通话) and the wave of globalization, the range of application for dialects (方言) has become smaller. Dialects, to some extent, are a culmination (积淀) of local culture. If they are not protected and healthily passed down, this “crisis” might lead to their disappearance. However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance. Dialects are a living form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) . As the saying goes, “It’s better to sell ancestral (祖先的) land than to abandon ancestral language.” For the recording and preservation of dialects, creating a language environment in which they can enjoy a period of growth and success is vitally important. Folk songs, local operas, dialect courses, community involvement, technological methods, and literary and artistic works can all play significant roles in the protection and inheritance (传承) of dialects. Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece. Shen Congwen’s Border Town vividly portrays a “world of Western Hunan”. The locals refer to copper coins as “tongzi”, the addition of “zi” suggesting it’s just a small object. This reflects the Western Hunan people’s indifference to material wealth. In Lao She’s Rickshaw Boy, the “er” sound is everwhere, full of Beijing flavor. In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown. 1．What has happened to dialects since the introduction of the concept of language resource? A．They have been applied less. B．They have gained new recognition. C．They have completely disappeared. D．They have promoted the spread of Mandarin. 2．What does the saying underlined in paragraph 2 imply? A．Ancestral language should be preserved. B．Ancestral land should be developed. C．Ancestral language is a fixed form. D．Ancestral land is more meaningful. 3．Why does the writer refer to the dialects in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber? A．To illustrate the complicated relationship. B．To demonstrate their extensive usage. C．To convey the distinctive Beijing culture. D．To describe the personalities of the characters. 4．In which column of a magazine can you find the text probably? A．Entertainment. B．Culture. C．Health. D．Economy. （23-24高一下·江西新余·期末）It is natural to compare ourselves to others and to get caught in a mental comparison loop, and yet this seldom is beneficial. You may have heard the expression “Comparison is the thief of joy.” To me, this is true as I have found it is quite difficult to compare myself to others and feel joy at the same time. Comparison not only robs us of joy, but it can also fuel self-criticism and a lack of self-acceptance. Typically, comparison leads to perceiving others as superior to you in some way and feeling inadequate or inferior. “I am not as successful, competent, attractive as they are.” Why don’t I have what they have? We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism, “What’s wrong with me? I must be an inadequate loser.” This hinders self-acceptance. Comparison is deceptive (误导的). It tells us that if we meet the expectations, lose weight, get a promotion, or buy the house, we will feel better, calmer, more self-assured, and stop comparing ourselves. This may be temporarily true, yet, a comparison is an internal process that is ultimately based on our thoughts and sense of self, not external circumstances. We can always find something else to compare, another expectation we tell ourselves we are not meeting. To stop comparing ourselves to others, we have to recognize that the comparison game is unwinnable (and exhausting) and stop playing. To shift from being guided by comparison to being guided by your values. Values are antidotes to comparison. Reflecting upon and being aware of your values, and aligning (使一致) behaviors and decisions with your values, highlights and reinforces what is truly important to you and can solidify your sense of self-identity and self-acceptance. This does not mean we ignore things that we may want to change. It means these changes and goals are based on values not comparison to others, and not relevant to self-acceptance, we accept ourselves regardless. Behaviors and decisions are a matter of personal choice, not a means to measure up to others or a requirement for acceptance. Self-acceptance isn’t about fixing anything about yourself, it is about affirming who you are, today. 1．What is the negative effect of comparison? A．It results in criticism from other people. B．It harms our confidence and dignity. C．It makes us give up working hard. D．It hinders our roads to success. 2．Why is comparison misleading according to paragraph 3? A．Because it is an internal process depending on our expectations. B．Because there are so many things waiting for us to compare. C．Because we set high standard for ourselves all the time. D．Because we never stop comparing despite temporary satisfaction. 3．What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Solutions. B．Necessities. C．Reasons. D．Suggestions. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Comparison reduce our values B．Accept your own behaviors and decisions C．Stop trying to measure up to others D．Why is it unnecessary to compare? （23-24高一下·福建南平·期末）Parents who force their children to have piano lessons are keeping them away from classical music, Lang Lang, a world-leading pianist, has suggested. The Chinese musician stresses that children who are forced into piano lessons can end up shunning music. Lang Lang has launched an initiative (倡议) through his foundation (基金会) to put piano lessons into primary school schedules, so they are not just an after-school activity for the rich. The lessons, designed by professionals, can be taught by any teacher and the foundation has donated dozens of digital pianos to schools. The initiative uses tablets (平板电脑) and keyboards to get children playing right away, from Beethoven to Mozart. Lang, who became famous in his mid-twenties, expressed his strong disagreement with the parents who forced children to have piano lessons because“the neighbour’s kid does”. He said: “Those parents don’t even know what music is. They get their kids to play without knowing what they are going to listen for. ” Lang said children had to be educated about classical music to truly enjoy it. “You really need to have a good childhood education in music. Take the reading of Shakespeare as an example. If you don’t learn Shakespeare in schools, you are less likely to pick it up later. ” The school initiative, Keys of Inspiration, is running in 100 schools in America and 110 in China. And the UK programme has started in four primary schools in London. The initiative was created partly because arts education had been forced out in schools. Lang added:“When I came toAmerica, the first day I realized few students in the high school knew Mozart. In the regular schools they just simply don’t have art and culture. ” 1．What does the underlined word“shunning”in paragraph l mean? A．Avoiding. B．Appreciating. C．Making. D．Performing. 2．Why did Lang Lang launch the initiative? A．To design piano lessons for teachers. B．To present pianos to primary schools. C．To make his foundation more famous. D．To give more kids access to piano lessons. 3．How did Lang Lang stress the importance of a good childhood music education? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving an example. D．By using an expert’s words. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Art lessons are fully valued in schools. B．Music schools have been started worldwide. C．The lack of arts education is a global problem. D．Most Americans know nothing about Mozart. （23-24高一下·江苏常州·期末）“The news is ... there is no news.” With those words, outside St Mary’s Hospital in London awaiting the birth of Prince George in July 2013, my reporting for the BBC went viral on the Internet. Not for what I was saying but the way I was saying it. The helpless look. The depressed tone. Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I. Fedha is not human. Yes, the fair-haired woman looks human. This week she was introduced as the first presenter in Kuwait who works by artificial intelligence. “What kind of news do you prefer? Let's hear your opinions,” she says in Arabic. AI newsreaders actually never make a cock-up of their jobs. They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray. To examine the problems that may come with an AI newsreader, I thought I would turn the tables and ask Genie — the chatbot powered by ChatGPT. “They may struggle with delivering the news in a way that is appealing to viewers,” Genie says. I get that. As far as delivering the news is concerned, the face and voice behind it matters. My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story’s source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. AI is already involved in the spread of “untrue news” — and that will only get worse. At a time when trust in news providers is reducing, the next few years threaten to be very challenging if that trust is to be regained. One of the main concerns about AI newsreaders is that they lack the human touch and emotion. I have delivered some of the biggest stories. Whether it be an air attack or the death of a major figure, it's not just the words that matter. You need to look and sound right. An AI newsreader cannot convey (传达) a reaction to a breaking story. 1．How did viewers react according to paragraph 1? A．They found the reporting confusing. B．They felt excited about the reporting. C．They considered the author unprofessional. D．They knew the author’s thoughts and feelings. 2．What does the underlined part “make a cock-up of” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Talk about. B．Make a fool of. C．Keep an eye on. D．Mess up. 3．What does Genie think of AI newsreaders? A．They may deliver misleading news. B．They can locate the source of a news story. C．They interact with viewers in an improper way. D．They wear the same facial expressions as humans. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To voice his doubt about AI newsreaders. B．To share his experience of being a reporter. C．To introduce an AI newsreader called Fedha. D．To show ChatGPT's impact on news reporting. （23-24高一下·河北保定·期末）There are always two sides to a story. Unfortunately, when it comes to the history of Thanksgiving, generations of Americans have been taught a one-sided history in homes and schools. The mainstream cultural and historical story has been told by the white settlers (殖民者) who landed near Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts in 1620. In this version (版本)of the Thanksgiving story, the holiday celebrates the peaceful, friendly meeting of English settlers and the Wampanoag tribe (部落) for three days of feasting and thanksgiving in 1621. This story paints a picture of courageous settlers braving the dangers of the New World and with the help of some friendly natives, finding a way to make a new life for themselves. Very few teachers get a chance to tell students about the mass killing of native tribes that took place in the years that followed. For many Native Americans, Thanksgiving is a day of mourning (哀悼) and protest. Organised by the United American Indians of New England in1970, the fourth Thursday in November (Thanksgiving) was recognised as the NationalDay of Mourning for Native Americans. While some Native Americans have chosen to reject the Thanksgiving holiday completely, many welcome the positive messages of the holiday without consideration of its origin. This is because the idea of giving thanks is central to Native Americans’ culture, and in this way, Thanksgiving is simply a chance to appreciate the good things of life, like family, community, and the riches of the land. Steven Peters, a Wampanoag tribe spokesman, was asked about his views on Thanksgiving and the fact that most Native Americans still gather to eat turkey and give thanks. “I think it’s great. My ancestors had four harvest festivals throughout the year. Gathering with family and giving thanks for all that we have is a good thing. But I ask that you take a moment on that day to remember what happened to my people and the history as it was and not what had been written in the history books.” 1．What can be learnt about the mainstream Thanksgiving story? A．It is a faithful reflection of the history. B．It mourns the suffering of the natives. C．It represents only one side of the story. D．It is about the real origin of Thanksgiving. 2．What does the underlined word “reject” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Refuse. B．Reflect. C．Promote. D．Celebrate. 3．Why do many Native Americans celebrate Thanksgiving? A．They are misled by history books. B．They have adapted to modern life. C．The history has taught them to be grateful. D．The idea of giving thanks fits their culture. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Storytelling: No More One-Sided Approach B．Native Americans: Let the World Hear Our Voice C．American History: Tears and Blood of the Natives D．Thanksgiving: A Different Story to Native Americans （23-24高一下·广东广州·期末）“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate (模仿) the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and slight difference into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 1．What does the writer think of his image creation? A．Exciting. B．Concerned. C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking. 2．What do children’s illustrators value most about art? A．The final art work. B．External expressions in art. C．The opposite of reality. D．The journey to creation. 3．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The ethical concerns in AI art imitation. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．The superiority of human artworks. D．The over-reliance of human on technology. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 议论文之人与自然 （23-24高一下·广西来宾·期末）When young, my parents took me to a zoo. I remember looking in admiration at two bears in a cage. Things have changed. My kids would be afraid to see animals in cages. Today, we expect animals to be held in more natural environment, and for zoos to do more to make the world a better place. Zoos can host great conservation (保护) work. Sometimes they hold and protect endangered animals. About 40 seriously endangered animal species exist mainly in zoos. They are used for study, to start reproducing (繁殖) programs and even to reintroduce the animals to the wild. But not many zoos do enough of this. I support the recommendation of some researchers that zoos should spend at least 10% of their money on biodiversity (生物多样性) conservation. Sadly, a 1999 study showed an average spending of only 0.1%. If zoos totally concentrate on protection, we might expect them to mostly house threatened species. But many zoos focus on the big animals that draw audiences to make money. I say that’s inappropriate (不合适的). I don’t mean zoos shouldn’t be a business. Since care of animals can be extremely expensive, it’s reasonable for zoos to open their doors to earn some money, as long as animals are kept in acceptable conditions. Visiting animals in real life helps develop an appreciation for the natural world. Virtual-reality (VR) glasses and movies about wildlife are worthwhile, but not the same. A friend of mine who works in the Amazon puts it this way: “To love the forest, you need to smell the forest.” Conservation should come first for all zoos, together with education and research. Without that, a zoo becomes just a business: one that the world would be better off without. 1．How did the author feel when seeing two bears in a cage in his childhood? A．He was scared of the scene. B．He felt worried about his safety. C．He felt sad about the caged bears. D．He was amazed by the wonder of animals. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Protecting endangered animals properly. B．Keeping animals in more natural conditions. C．Holding non-threatened species in much greater numbers. D．Spending part of their money on biodiversity conservation. 3．What does the author’s friend imply in his words? A．VR helps zoos to make money. B．Animals should live in the wild. C．VR enables viewers to know more about wildlife. D．Visiting animals in real life is a necessary experience. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Zoos need to be changed. B．Zoos should be not allowed. C．Zoos shouldn’t be a business. D．Animals shouldn’t be kept in zoos. （23-24高一下·四川成都·期末）Not long ago, an airplane was flying over New Zealand. There was a television cameraman on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone thought, “UFO” — Unidentified Flying Object. The cameraman went into action and started filming. That week people all over the world saw the film of the mysterious light on their television screens. What was it? Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the airplane and the cameraman believed it was. Other observers had many different explanations. Some said it was Venus (金星). Others said it was just a trick of light. An air traffic controller also saw it on his radar screen. He thought that a flock of birds was causing dots on his radar screen when the “UFO” appeared. Most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus. At that time of year it was very bright and easy to see. And from a moving air plane it can appear to be moving fast. So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships from other planets do exist. These years investigators of UFOs have investigated thousands of sightings or occasions when people said they saw a UFO. Ninety percent of these turned out to have a simple explanation. However, it is a good idea to keep an open mind. Scientists in some countries are trying to persuade their governments to help them study UFOs. And they are planning to cooperate internationally on reporting and investigating sightings of UFOs. After all, it is quite possible that there is life out there in the universe. And if something is alive, it is quite possible that it will come to visit us. 1．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．The “UFO” is bright at night. B．They saw the “UFO”  in the daytime. C．There are different opinions about Venus. D．Some astronomers were on board when the “UFO” appeared. 2．The captain and the cameraman believed that the “UFO” was________. A．the planet Venus B．just a trick of light C．dots caused by a flock of birds D．a visiting spaceship from another planet 3．Why do most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus? A．Because they saw it with their own eyes. B．Because it was moving very fast when they saw it. C．Because they have proved UFOs or spaceships from Venus do exist. D．Because at the time when it was seen, Venus should be very bright and easy to see. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The discussion about what on earth the UFO is. B．Life in the universe will come to visit our earth. C．The UFO——an Unidentified Flying Object was filmed by a cameraman. D．Scientists studying the UFO are trying to ask the governments to offer help. （23-24高一下·江西·期末）Where is “space” exactly? This may seem like a simple question, but the answer may be more difficult than you think. Nowadays, most countries are generally in agreement that space begins when Earth’s atmosphere ends. But no one can tell where atmosphere actually ends and outer space begins. This leaves the door open for a variety of explanations until the Karman Line was recognized by international laws. The so-called Karman Line is an imaginary line 100 kilometers above Earth’s surface. Once this line is crossed, the air is too thin and traditional planes would need to reach the speed of 30,564 kilometers per hour or risk falling back to Earth. According to the international laws, once pilots and aircraft cross that line, they are recognized as astronauts and spacecraft and are free to conduct space operations without concern for international borders (边境). In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry. Well aware that the US wanted to operate advanced spying (侦查) aircraft safely, many developing countries opposed the idea and sought to establish much higher space limits — 965.6 kilometers above Earth’s surface. This space limit makes things a bit difficult for every country, though. At that height, even the International Space Station and Tiangong Space Station (orbiting between 320 to 435 kilometers up), and many satellites (orbiting 869 kilometers up) would not be considered spacecraft! In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. In 2009, it suggested that the border of space begin at l18 kilometers above Earth’s surface. What was its argument this time? It said that many breakthroughs have been made in space and spying technologies by other countries! 1．What is correct about the Kármán Line according to the international laws? A．It is unsafe for some countries. B．Traditional planes should not cross it. C．Pilots can fly freely above it. D．It is the highest line pilots can reach. 2．Many less developed countries suggested that space begin at_______. A．965.6 kilometers above Earth’s surface B．118 kilometers above Earth’s surface C．100 kilometers above Earth’s surface D．90.7 kilometers above Earth’s surface 3．What does the author most probably think of the US’ suggestions? A．Smart. B．Unfair. C．Scientific. D．Uncreative. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Where Does Space Begin Exactly? B．How High Should the Karman Line Be? C．How Can We Protect Our National Borders? D．Why Does the US Want to Change the Karman Line? 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读理解之议论文12篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 适中 议论文,道德与品行 2 人与自我 适中 学习,议论文 3 人与自我 适中 学习,议论文 4 人与社会 较易 语言与文化 ,议论文 5 人与社会 适中 哲理感悟,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 6 人与社会 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文 7 人与社会 较难 议论文,人工智能 8 人与社会 适中 外国文化与节日,议论文 9 人与社会 适中 美术与摄影,议论文,人工智能 10 人与自然 适中 动物,议论文 11 人与自然 适中 科普知识 ,议论文 12 人与自然 适中 科学技术 ,议论文,航空航天 议论文之人与自我 （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the nature of our humanity? To put it in a simple way, people consider two completely different views of humanity. The first view is about dominance (统治) and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ key nature is more aggressive (好斗的) than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are giving up their well-being as they offer kindness to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view focuses on the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical view, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capbility to forgive, but instead with the potential (潜能) to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual behavior in unfriendly situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer kindness to others. B．People who forgive can have their own well-being affected. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 display? A．To forgive is to love. B．To fight is to grow. C．To give is to receive. D．To dominate is to harm. 3．Which of the following might the writer NOT agree with? A．Forgiveness can help us stay calm and find inner peace. B．Improved relationship can be one of results from forgiveness. C．Forgiveness is vital to the biological and physical integrity of humans. D．The people accepting your forgiveness may likely make possible changes. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．It takes practice to forgive. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了宽恕是否与人性的本质相悖。一种观点认为人性倾向于攻击和支配，宽恕者可能因此受伤。另一种观点则强调人性中的合作、爱和尊重，认为宽恕对于个人和社区的健康和谐至关重要。文章还指出，宽恕能力可以通过学习和实践来培养。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are giving up their well-being as they offer kindness to others, who might then take advantage of them. (那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者放弃了自己的幸福，因为他们对别人友善，而别人可能会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为宽恕他人的人会影响到自己的幸福。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony? (甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用呢)”可知，奴隶制无益于促进社会和谐，由此可知，这个例子是为了表明控制意味着伤害。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，重建和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，那些被你拒之门外的人接受了你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系)”可知，作者认为宽恕可以帮助我们保持冷静，找到内心的平静，可以改善关系，而且接受宽恕的人可能会做出可能的改变。但作者认可的是宽恕对人类的生理和生理完整性很关键，而非至关重要。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical view, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capbility to forgive, but instead with the potential (潜能) to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual behavior in unfriendly situations, develops with practice. (值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的观点，即亚里士多德的观点出发时，我们看到了潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，即在不友好的情况下的实际行为，是随着实践而发展的)”可知，本段指出宽恕的潜在性和现实性之间存在区别，宽恕是需要练习的，其能力在实践中发展。故选D项。 （23-24高一下·河北唐山·期末）For everyone whose relationship with mathematics is broken, Jo Boaler, a professor at Stanford Graduate School of Education, has ideas for repairing it. Most students have only ever experienced what she calls narrow mathematics. In this world of mathematics, questions have one valued method and one answer. Students need to follow a set of procedures at speed. When blindly memorizing math facts, they’re not developing number sense. They don’t learn how to use numbers flexibly in different situations. For most of them, mathematics is an almost completely symbolic experience. It’s a big part of why we have a country of mathematics failure and fear. In her new book, Boaler argues that mathematics should be taught in more visual (可视的) ways. Students should be invited to see mathematical ideas not only as numbers but also as words, visuals, physical representations, tables, models and movements. In her book she mentioned an activity she did with middle-school students in a summer camp where students were shown an image of a4 x4 x 4 cm cube (立方体) made up of smaller1 cm cubes. The larger cube was dipped (蘸) into a can of blue paint, and she asked, if they could take apart the little cubes, how many sides would be painted blue? To solve it, she gave the students sugar cubes and had them physically build a larger 4x 4 x 4 cube. A year later, she asked one student, Jed, how the camp had impacted him. Jed told her that he was in advanced math class, but he still remembered that sugar cube — what it looked like and felt like — and he had used the memory to solve many questions. He had built a mental representation of a cube. Some people may consider physical representations more suitable for younger kids, but Boaler wrote at last, “Look at those Tesla engineers. They’re drawing, they’re building models, and nobody says that’s basic mathematics.” 1．What is the result of narrow mathematics? A．Worry and lack of success. B．Good memory and performance. C．Fear of teachers and the school. D．Deep understanding of numbers. 2．What is Boaler’s idea about mathematics? A．To teach numbers like words. B．To connect it to the real world. C．To bring it to summer camps. D．To learn it out of the classroom. 3．Why are Tesla engineers mentioned? A．To praise the company. B．To show their creativity. C．To correct people’s idea. D．To set examples to younger kids. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要论述了斯坦福大学教育学院的教授Jo Boaler对于数学教育的新观点，她认为数学应该以更直观的方式教授，让学生不仅将数学理解为数字，还应该理解为文字、视觉、物理表现、表格、模型和动作。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s a big part of why we have a country of mathematics failure and fear.”（这是我们有一个数学失败和恐惧的国家的一个重要原因。）可知，狭义的数学教育导致了学生的失败和恐惧，让学生们担忧和缺乏成功。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In her new book, Boaler argues that mathematics should be taught in more visual (可视的) ways. Students should be invited to see mathematical ideas not only as numbers but also as words, visuals, physical representations, tables, models and movements.”（Boaler认为，数学应该以更直观的方式教授。学生应该被邀请不仅将数学理解为数字，还应该理解为文字、视觉、物理表现、表格、模型和动作。）可知，Boaler的数学观点是将数学与现实世界相连接，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Some people may consider physical representations more suitable for younger kids, but Boaler wrote at last, “Look at those Tesla engineers. They’re drawing, they’re building models, and nobody says that’s basic mathematics.””（有些人可能认为实物演示更适合年幼的孩子，但博阿勒最后写道：“看看那些特斯拉的工程师。他们在画图，他们在建模，没有人说那是基础数学。”）可知，提到特斯拉的工程师是为了纠正人们的观念，表明实物演示不仅适合年幼的孩子，还适合成年人，故选C。 （23-24高一下·安徽合肥·期末）We live in an era, where a vast ocean of information is available immediately, and the question arises: can one learn too much? Because no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where too much learning can lead to inaction, a state of being flooded with too much information. Consider a situation where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting lots of research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding weakens. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complicated and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit affects practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. A more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather necessary information and then shift into action quickly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method applies to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interaction of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. 1．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The confusion caused by too much information. B．The inability to find relevant information. C．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. D．The desire to learn basic concepts or strategies. 2．How do you achieve goals effectively according to the text? A．Sticking to continuous learning. B．Gaining as much knowledge as possible. C．Taking practical action without delay. D．Focusing more on theoretical knowledge. 3．Why is the example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To compare different learning styles. B．To illustrate learning through action and experience. C．To show the significance of making mistakes. D．To emphasize the necessity for parental guidance. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Process of Absorbing Information B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing C．The Pursuit of Advanced Knowledge D．The importance of Hands-on Experience 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出，在信息爆炸的时代，过度学习可能导致无所作为。追求更多信息有时会使目标复杂化，阻碍实际行动。实现目标的有效途径是在学习和实践间取得平衡，迅速行动并从实践中学习。学习应促进行动，而非成为障碍，通过实践应用知识，才能有效推进目标的实现。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, there exists a phenomenon where too much learning can lead to inaction, a state of being flooded with too much information. (然而，有一种现象是，太多的学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态)”可知，信息过多造成的混乱会阻碍人们实现目标。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Gather necessary information and then shift into action quickly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. (收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”可知，通过毫不拖延地采取实际行动，你可以有效地实现目标。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. (婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路)”可知，婴儿学习走路的例子充分体现了在尝试中吸取经验，再反复尝试，最终实现目标的模式。由此推知，作者举这个例子是为了展示通过行动和经验来学习。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中“A more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. (实现目标更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡)”和最后一段中“Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interaction of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our ambitions. (学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的互动，我们才能真正朝着我们的目标前进)”可知，文章指出，在信息爆炸的时代，过度学习可能导致无所作为。追求更多信息有时会使目标复杂化，阻碍实际行动。文章认为实现目标的有效途径是在学习和实践间取得平衡，迅速行动并从实践中学习。学习应促进行动，而非成为障碍，通过实践应用知识，才能有效推进目标的实现。因此，B项“学与做的和谐”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 议论文之人与社会 （23-24高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末）With the development of new media, the promotion of Mandarin (普通话) and the wave of globalization, the range of application for dialects (方言) has become smaller. Dialects, to some extent, are a culmination (积淀) of local culture. If they are not protected and healthily passed down, this “crisis” might lead to their disappearance. However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance. Dialects are a living form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) . As the saying goes, “It’s better to sell ancestral (祖先的) land than to abandon ancestral language.” For the recording and preservation of dialects, creating a language environment in which they can enjoy a period of growth and success is vitally important. Folk songs, local operas, dialect courses, community involvement, technological methods, and literary and artistic works can all play significant roles in the protection and inheritance (传承) of dialects. Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece. Shen Congwen’s Border Town vividly portrays a “world of Western Hunan”. The locals refer to copper coins as “tongzi”, the addition of “zi” suggesting it’s just a small object. This reflects the Western Hunan people’s indifference to material wealth. In Lao She’s Rickshaw Boy, the “er” sound is everwhere, full of Beijing flavor. In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown. 1．What has happened to dialects since the introduction of the concept of language resource? A．They have been applied less. B．They have gained new recognition. C．They have completely disappeared. D．They have promoted the spread of Mandarin. 2．What does the saying underlined in paragraph 2 imply? A．Ancestral language should be preserved. B．Ancestral land should be developed. C．Ancestral language is a fixed form. D．Ancestral land is more meaningful. 3．Why does the writer refer to the dialects in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber? A．To illustrate the complicated relationship. B．To demonstrate their extensive usage. C．To convey the distinctive Beijing culture. D．To describe the personalities of the characters. 4．In which column of a magazine can you find the text probably? A．Entertainment. B．Culture. C．Health. D．Economy. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了方言的重要性，以及如何保护和传承方言。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance.”（然而，自从“语言资源”的概念被引入以来，方言的地位得到了重新的重视。）可推知，自从引入语言资源的概念以来，方言得到了新的认可。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s better to sell ancestral land than to abandon ancestral language.”（宁可卖祖先的土地，也不要放弃祖先的语言。）可推知，这句话暗示的是祖先的语言应该被保留。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece.”（曹雪芹是南京人，红楼梦中的贾家是金陵（古南京）的显赫家族。据统计，这部杰作中有超过1000处的南京方言。）可推知，作者引用《红楼梦》中的方言是为了展示其广泛的使用。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段“In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown.”（事实上，中国方言的文学形式自古就有，而且生动多样。不要忘记你的方言，不要忘记你家乡的口音。）可知，本文主要讨论了方言的重要性，以及如何保护和传承方言，这些内容更符合文化栏目。故选B。 （23-24高一下·江西新余·期末）It is natural to compare ourselves to others and to get caught in a mental comparison loop, and yet this seldom is beneficial. You may have heard the expression “Comparison is the thief of joy.” To me, this is true as I have found it is quite difficult to compare myself to others and feel joy at the same time. Comparison not only robs us of joy, but it can also fuel self-criticism and a lack of self-acceptance. Typically, comparison leads to perceiving others as superior to you in some way and feeling inadequate or inferior. “I am not as successful, competent, attractive as they are.” Why don’t I have what they have? We use comparison as an avenue for self-criticism, “What’s wrong with me? I must be an inadequate loser.” This hinders self-acceptance. Comparison is deceptive (误导的). It tells us that if we meet the expectations, lose weight, get a promotion, or buy the house, we will feel better, calmer, more self-assured, and stop comparing ourselves. This may be temporarily true, yet, a comparison is an internal process that is ultimately based on our thoughts and sense of self, not external circumstances. We can always find something else to compare, another expectation we tell ourselves we are not meeting. To stop comparing ourselves to others, we have to recognize that the comparison game is unwinnable (and exhausting) and stop playing. To shift from being guided by comparison to being guided by your values. Values are antidotes to comparison. Reflecting upon and being aware of your values, and aligning (使一致) behaviors and decisions with your values, highlights and reinforces what is truly important to you and can solidify your sense of self-identity and self-acceptance. This does not mean we ignore things that we may want to change. It means these changes and goals are based on values not comparison to others, and not relevant to self-acceptance, we accept ourselves regardless. Behaviors and decisions are a matter of personal choice, not a means to measure up to others or a requirement for acceptance. Self-acceptance isn’t about fixing anything about yourself, it is about affirming who you are, today. 1．What is the negative effect of comparison? A．It results in criticism from other people. B．It harms our confidence and dignity. C．It makes us give up working hard. D．It hinders our roads to success. 2．Why is comparison misleading according to paragraph 3? A．Because it is an internal process depending on our expectations. B．Because there are so many things waiting for us to compare. C．Because we set high standard for ourselves all the time. D．Because we never stop comparing despite temporary satisfaction. 3．What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Solutions. B．Necessities. C．Reasons. D．Suggestions. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Comparison reduce our values B．Accept your own behaviors and decisions C．Stop trying to measure up to others D．Why is it unnecessary to compare? 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了和他人做比较给自己带来的不利影响，阐述了为什么和他人做比较是误导人的，最后提出倡导:不要和别人做比较，要根据自己的价值观做出行为和决定。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Typically, comparison leads to perceiving others as superior to you in some way and feeling inadequate or inferior. (通常情况下，攀比会让你觉得别人在某些方面比你优越，并感到不足或自卑)”可知，比较会伤害自信和自尊。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Comparison is deceptive (误导的).  It tells us that if we meet the expectations, lose weight, get a  promotion, or buy the house, we will feel better, calmer, more  self-assured, and stop comparing ourselves. This may be temporarily  true, yet, a comparison is an internal process that is ultimately based  on our thoughts and sense of self, not external circumstances. We can  always find something else to compare, another expectation we tell  ourselves we are not meeting.(比较是具有误导性的。它告诉我们，如果我们达到预期，减肥，升职，或者买房子，我们会感觉更好，更平静，更自信，不再比较自己。这可能暂时是正确的，然而，比较是一个内部过程，最终基于我们的思想和自我意识，而不是外部环境。我们总能找到其他的东西来比较，我们告诉自己我们没有达到的另一个期望)”可推知，“比较”具有误导性，因为我们永远不会停止攀比，尽管有暂时的满足。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“Reflecting upon and being aware of your values, and aligning (使一致) behaviors and decisions with your values, highlights and reinforces what is truly important to you and can solidify your sense of self-identity and self-acceptance.(反思并意识到你的价值观，将行为和决定与你的价值观相一致，突出并强化对你来说真正重要的东西，并能巩固你的自我认同感和自我接纳感)”可知，反思并且意识到你自己的价值观，让你的行为和决定与价值观一致，也就是说，行为和决定不再是通过与别人比较做出来的，而是基于自身价值观，所以，价值观是与他人做比较的解毒剂（解决方案）。由此可知，划线词与A选项“Solutions.(解决办法)”为同义词。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章鼓励人们停止与他人比较，因为这会剥夺我们的快乐，并导致自我批评和不接受自己，即全文都在阐述与别人做比较的不好之处，文中也给出了解决办法，落脚点就是让我们停止和别人做比较。由此可知，C选项“Stop trying to measure up to others.(不要试图达到别人的标准)”概括文章的主要内容，适合作本文标题。故选C。 （23-24高一下·福建南平·期末）Parents who force their children to have piano lessons are keeping them away from classical music, Lang Lang, a world-leading pianist, has suggested. The Chinese musician stresses that children who are forced into piano lessons can end up shunning music. Lang Lang has launched an initiative (倡议) through his foundation (基金会) to put piano lessons into primary school schedules, so they are not just an after-school activity for the rich. The lessons, designed by professionals, can be taught by any teacher and the foundation has donated dozens of digital pianos to schools. The initiative uses tablets (平板电脑) and keyboards to get children playing right away, from Beethoven to Mozart. Lang, who became famous in his mid-twenties, expressed his strong disagreement with the parents who forced children to have piano lessons because“the neighbour’s kid does”. He said: “Those parents don’t even know what music is. They get their kids to play without knowing what they are going to listen for. ” Lang said children had to be educated about classical music to truly enjoy it. “You really need to have a good childhood education in music. Take the reading of Shakespeare as an example. If you don’t learn Shakespeare in schools, you are less likely to pick it up later. ” The school initiative, Keys of Inspiration, is running in 100 schools in America and 110 in China. And the UK programme has started in four primary schools in London. The initiative was created partly because arts education had been forced out in schools. Lang added:“When I came toAmerica, the first day I realized few students in the high school knew Mozart. In the regular schools they just simply don’t have art and culture. ” 1．What does the underlined word“shunning”in paragraph l mean? A．Avoiding. B．Appreciating. C．Making. D．Performing. 2．Why did Lang Lang launch the initiative? A．To design piano lessons for teachers. B．To present pianos to primary schools. C．To make his foundation more famous. D．To give more kids access to piano lessons. 3．How did Lang Lang stress the importance of a good childhood music education? A．By telling a story. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving an example. D．By using an expert’s words. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Art lessons are fully valued in schools. B．Music schools have been started worldwide. C．The lack of arts education is a global problem. D．Most Americans know nothing about Mozart. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了钢琴家郎朗提出父母强迫孩子上钢琴课会使他们远离古典音乐，他通过自己的基金会向学校捐赠钢琴，推广钢琴课程进入小学课程体系，让更多的孩子享受音乐的乐趣。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“The Chinese musician stresses that children who are forced into piano lessons can end up …music.(这位中国音乐家强调，被迫上钢琴课的孩子最终可能会……音乐)”可知，文章提到了强迫孩子上钢琴课可能导致他们最终不喜欢音乐，可以推断出“shunning”在此处的意思应该是“避免”。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lang Lang has launched an initiative (倡议) through his foundation (基金会) to put piano lessons into primary school schedules, so they are not just an after-school activity for the rich.(郎朗通过他的基金会发起了一项倡议，将钢琴课纳入小学课程表，这样它们就不只是富人的课外活动)”可以得出，郎朗发起这项倡议的目的是为了让更多的孩子有机会接触到钢琴课，而不只是作为富人的课外活动。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“You really need to have a good childhood education in music. Take the reading of Shakespeare as an example. If you don’t learn Shakespeare in schools, you are less likely to pick it up later.(你真的需要在音乐方面接受良好的童年教育。以阅读莎士比亚为例。如果你在学校没有学习莎士比亚，以后就不太可能再学)”可以看出，郎朗通过举例说明了如果在童年时期没有接受良好的音乐教育，长大后可能就无法真正欣赏音乐，就像没有在学校学习莎士比亚，以后就不太可能再去阅读一样。因此，他是通过给出例子来强调良好童年音乐教育的重要性。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The initiative was created partly because arts education had been forced out in schools. Lang added:“When I came to America, the first day I realized few students in the high school knew Mozart. In the regular schools they just simply don’t have art and culture.”(这项倡议部分是因为学校中的艺术教育被边缘化了。郎朗补充道：“当我来到美国时，第一天我就意识到高中里几乎没有学生认识莫扎特。在普通的学校里，他们根本就没有艺术和文化)”可以推断出，艺术教育在全球范围内的学校中都受到了忽视，这是一个全球性的问题。故选C项。 （23-24高一下·江苏常州·期末）“The news is ... there is no news.” With those words, outside St Mary’s Hospital in London awaiting the birth of Prince George in July 2013, my reporting for the BBC went viral on the Internet. Not for what I was saying but the way I was saying it. The helpless look. The depressed tone. Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I. Fedha is not human. Yes, the fair-haired woman looks human. This week she was introduced as the first presenter in Kuwait who works by artificial intelligence. “What kind of news do you prefer? Let's hear your opinions,” she says in Arabic. AI newsreaders actually never make a cock-up of their jobs. They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray. To examine the problems that may come with an AI newsreader, I thought I would turn the tables and ask Genie — the chatbot powered by ChatGPT. “They may struggle with delivering the news in a way that is appealing to viewers,” Genie says. I get that. As far as delivering the news is concerned, the face and voice behind it matters. My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story’s source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. AI is already involved in the spread of “untrue news” — and that will only get worse. At a time when trust in news providers is reducing, the next few years threaten to be very challenging if that trust is to be regained. One of the main concerns about AI newsreaders is that they lack the human touch and emotion. I have delivered some of the biggest stories. Whether it be an air attack or the death of a major figure, it's not just the words that matter. You need to look and sound right. An AI newsreader cannot convey (传达) a reaction to a breaking story. 1．How did viewers react according to paragraph 1? A．They found the reporting confusing. B．They felt excited about the reporting. C．They considered the author unprofessional. D．They knew the author’s thoughts and feelings. 2．What does the underlined part “make a cock-up of” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Talk about. B．Make a fool of. C．Keep an eye on. D．Mess up. 3．What does Genie think of AI newsreaders? A．They may deliver misleading news. B．They can locate the source of a news story. C．They interact with viewers in an improper way. D．They wear the same facial expressions as humans. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To voice his doubt about AI newsreaders. B．To share his experience of being a reporter. C．To introduce an AI newsreader called Fedha. D．To show ChatGPT's impact on news reporting. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了人工智能新闻播报员的局限，特别是其缺乏人类情感和触感的问题，以及对新闻真实性和信任度的潜在影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后三句“Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I.”（观众们能够理解我。因为他们是人类，而我也是。）可推断观众通过作者无助的表情和沮丧的语调，能够感受到作者当时的想法和情感。因此，他们与作者产生了共鸣，理解了作者的心情。故选D。 2．短语猜测题。根据后文“They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray.”（它们可以跳过发音错误、对化妆粉底颜色的抱怨，甚至是对发胶不够牢固的担忧。） ，此处列举了AI新闻播报员不会犯的一些常见错误，如发音错误、化妆颜色问题、以及头发定型喷雾不足等问题，由此可推测前文强调的是AI新闻播报员不会在工作中犯错，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story's source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. ”（我的 ChatGPT 朋友还告诉我，人们担心人工智能新闻播报员可能会被用来传播虚假信息，因为他们可能无法确定新闻来源的正确性。不仅是在新闻传递方面，而且在新闻内容方面。）可知，Genie 认为人工智能新闻播报员可能会传播误导性新闻。故选A。 4．写作目的题。在文中，作者通过自己的亲身经历，描述了人类新闻播报员在播报新闻时的情感和反应，然后对比了人工智能新闻播报员的局限性，比如缺乏人类的情感和可能传播虚假信息的风险。作者通过提出这些问题和担忧，表达了对人工智能新闻播报员能否有效地替代人类播报员的怀疑态度。故选A。 （23-24高一下·河北保定·期末）There are always two sides to a story. Unfortunately, when it comes to the history of Thanksgiving, generations of Americans have been taught a one-sided history in homes and schools. The mainstream cultural and historical story has been told by the white settlers (殖民者) who landed near Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts in 1620. In this version (版本)of the Thanksgiving story, the holiday celebrates the peaceful, friendly meeting of English settlers and the Wampanoag tribe (部落) for three days of feasting and thanksgiving in 1621. This story paints a picture of courageous settlers braving the dangers of the New World and with the help of some friendly natives, finding a way to make a new life for themselves. Very few teachers get a chance to tell students about the mass killing of native tribes that took place in the years that followed. For many Native Americans, Thanksgiving is a day of mourning (哀悼) and protest. Organised by the United American Indians of New England in1970, the fourth Thursday in November (Thanksgiving) was recognised as the NationalDay of Mourning for Native Americans. While some Native Americans have chosen to reject the Thanksgiving holiday completely, many welcome the positive messages of the holiday without consideration of its origin. This is because the idea of giving thanks is central to Native Americans’ culture, and in this way, Thanksgiving is simply a chance to appreciate the good things of life, like family, community, and the riches of the land. Steven Peters, a Wampanoag tribe spokesman, was asked about his views on Thanksgiving and the fact that most Native Americans still gather to eat turkey and give thanks. “I think it’s great. My ancestors had four harvest festivals throughout the year. Gathering with family and giving thanks for all that we have is a good thing. But I ask that you take a moment on that day to remember what happened to my people and the history as it was and not what had been written in the history books.” 1．What can be learnt about the mainstream Thanksgiving story? A．It is a faithful reflection of the history. B．It mourns the suffering of the natives. C．It represents only one side of the story. D．It is about the real origin of Thanksgiving. 2．What does the underlined word “reject” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Refuse. B．Reflect. C．Promote. D．Celebrate. 3．Why do many Native Americans celebrate Thanksgiving? A．They are misled by history books. B．They have adapted to modern life. C．The history has taught them to be grateful. D．The idea of giving thanks fits their culture. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Storytelling: No More One-Sided Approach B．Native Americans: Let the World Hear Our Voice C．American History: Tears and Blood of the Natives D．Thanksgiving: A Different Story to Native Americans 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了从原住民的角度看待感恩节的历史和意义，强调了这是一个讲述故事两面性的时刻，对于许多美国原住民而言，感恩节承载着哀悼与抗议的情感，同时也表达了对生活中美好事物的感激之情。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There are always two sides to a story. Unfortunately, when it comes to the history of Thanksgiving, generations of Americans have been taught a one-sided history in homes and schools.(故事总是有两面性的。不幸的是，当谈到感恩节的历史时，几代美国人在家庭和学校里被灌输了片面的历史)”以及第二段的“The mainstream cultural and historical story has been told by the white settlers (殖民者) who landed near Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts in 1620. (1620年在马萨诸塞州普利茅斯岩附近登陆的白人定居者讲述了主流文化和历史故事)”可知，主流的感恩节故事只代表了一方面的情况，即白人定居者的视角，而没有全面反映历史的真实情况。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“many welcome the positive messages of the holiday without consideration of its origin.(许多人欢迎这个节日的积极信息，而不考虑它的起源)”以及句首的While可知，虽然一些美洲原住民选择完全拒绝感恩节，但许多人欢迎这个节日的积极信息，而不考虑它的起源。这里reject对应的是完全不庆祝感恩节的行为，即“拒绝”或“不接受”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的“This is because the idea of giving thanks is central to Native Americans’ culture, and in this way, Thanksgiving is simply a chance to appreciate the good things of life, like family, community, and the riches of the land.(这是因为感恩的理念是美洲原住民文化的核心，因此，感恩节只是一个欣赏生活中美好事物的机会，比如家庭、社区和土地的财富)”可知，许多原住民庆祝感恩节是因为感恩的理念符合他们的文化传统。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are always two sides to a story. Unfortunately, when it comes to the history of Thanksgiving, generations of Americans have been taught a one-sided history in homes and schools.(故事总是有两面性的。不幸的是，当谈到感恩节的历史时，几代美国人在家庭和学校里被灌输了片面的历史)”以及全文可知，全文探讨了感恩节对于原住民来说有着不同的含义，不仅仅是庆祝，也包含哀悼和抗议，以及他们如何从自己的文化角度看待这个节日。因此，最合适的标题是“感恩节：对原住民来说是一个不同的故事”。故选D。 （23-24高一下·广东广州·期末）“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate (模仿) the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and slight difference into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 1．What does the writer think of his image creation? A．Exciting. B．Concerned. C．Unsatisfying. D．Shocking. 2．What do children’s illustrators value most about art? A．The final art work. B．External expressions in art. C．The opposite of reality. D．The journey to creation. 3．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The ethical concerns in AI art imitation. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．The superiority of human artworks. D．The over-reliance of human on technology. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能图像生成技术的现状和潜在问题，这种技术生成的图像存在不自然之处且缺乏创造性，违背了儿童插画家对艺术核心的理解，缺少最重要的创作过程，而且会引发一些伦理担忧，同时导致对专业艺术家作品的贬低。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. (但仔细观察就会发现一些奇怪之处。在我的图像中，这个女人的脸有着非常奇怪的特征，似乎拿着多本书。而且，虽然看到图像出现时会有一种最初的兴奋感，但却没有创造性的满足感)”可知，作者认为这张创作出的图像很奇怪，无法令人满意。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. (从根本上说，艺术就是把你内心的感受转化成外在的东西。无论采用何种形式，真正的艺术都是关于创造过程而不是最终作品)”可知，儿童插画家最看重的是艺术的创作过程。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate (模仿) the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and slight difference into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy. (除了创造力，还有更深层次的问题。为了根据提示创建图像，人工智能生成器依赖于已经存在的艺术和文本数据库。这可能会导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下，故意模仿其他艺术家的风格。有一种观点认为，人工智能生成器在受他人工作影响方面与人类没有什么不同。然而，人类艺术家也会在混合中添加情感和细微的差异。人工智能不会这样做——它只能复制)”可知，本段主要有关人工智能生成图像可能涉及的伦理问题，这种生成可能会未经艺术家同意模仿其风格，且无法像人类艺术家那样融入情感和细微差异。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. (越来越多地使用人工智能也将导致艺术家的作品贬值。人们已经对创意产业产生了负面偏见。人们会开始认为他们的“作品”和那些从事艺术创作的人一样优秀。当然，这是无稽之谈。你可以用你的手机给你的女儿拍一张漂亮的照片，但你比不上专业人士)”可知，更多地使用人工智能导致人们进一步贬低艺术创作的价值，但作者认为实际上人工智能生成的作品是无法与艺术创作者的作品相比的，这暗示了艺术创作需要经过长期的训练。因此，B项“罗马不是一天建成的”指做事不能急于求成，只有付出努力并持之以恒，才能取得成功，最能总结本段表达的意思。A. 艺术是生活的镜子；C. 一心不可二用；D. 不要以貌取人。故选B项。 议论文之人与自然 （23-24高一下·广西来宾·期末）When young, my parents took me to a zoo. I remember looking in admiration at two bears in a cage. Things have changed. My kids would be afraid to see animals in cages. Today, we expect animals to be held in more natural environment, and for zoos to do more to make the world a better place. Zoos can host great conservation (保护) work. Sometimes they hold and protect endangered animals. About 40 seriously endangered animal species exist mainly in zoos. They are used for study, to start reproducing (繁殖) programs and even to reintroduce the animals to the wild. But not many zoos do enough of this. I support the recommendation of some researchers that zoos should spend at least 10% of their money on biodiversity (生物多样性) conservation. Sadly, a 1999 study showed an average spending of only 0.1%. If zoos totally concentrate on protection, we might expect them to mostly house threatened species. But many zoos focus on the big animals that draw audiences to make money. I say that’s inappropriate (不合适的). I don’t mean zoos shouldn’t be a business. Since care of animals can be extremely expensive, it’s reasonable for zoos to open their doors to earn some money, as long as animals are kept in acceptable conditions. Visiting animals in real life helps develop an appreciation for the natural world. Virtual-reality (VR) glasses and movies about wildlife are worthwhile, but not the same. A friend of mine who works in the Amazon puts it this way: “To love the forest, you need to smell the forest.” Conservation should come first for all zoos, together with education and research. Without that, a zoo becomes just a business: one that the world would be better off without. 1．How did the author feel when seeing two bears in a cage in his childhood? A．He was scared of the scene. B．He felt worried about his safety. C．He felt sad about the caged bears. D．He was amazed by the wonder of animals. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Protecting endangered animals properly. B．Keeping animals in more natural conditions. C．Holding non-threatened species in much greater numbers. D．Spending part of their money on biodiversity conservation. 3．What does the author’s friend imply in his words? A．VR helps zoos to make money. B．Animals should live in the wild. C．VR enables viewers to know more about wildlife. D．Visiting animals in real life is a necessary experience. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Zoos need to be changed. B．Zoos should be not allowed. C．Zoos shouldn’t be a business. D．Animals shouldn’t be kept in zoos. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是议论文。动物园需要做出改变，不仅要创收也要致力于动物保护工作。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember looking in admiration at two bears in a cage.(我记得我赞叹地看着笼子里的两只熊)”可知，作者看到被关在笼子里的两只熊时表现出了惊讶。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Zoos can host great conservation (保护) work. Sometimes they hold and protect endangered animals.(动物园可以进行大量的保护工作。有时他们会保护濒临灭绝的动物)”以及“I support the recommendation of some researchers that zoos should spend at least 10% of their money on biodiversity (生物多样性) conservation. Sadly, a 1999 study showed an average spending of only 0.1%.(我支持一些研究人员的建议，即动物园应该将至少10%的资金用于生物多样性保护。遗憾的是，1999年的一项研究显示，平均支出仅为0.1%)”可知，动物园会保护动物，但是做得还不够。故this指的是在合理保护濒危动物方面，动物园做得不够。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Virtual-reality (VR) glasses and movies about wildlife are worthwhile, but not the same. A friend of mine who works in the Amazon puts it this way: “To love the forest, you need to smell the forest.”(虚拟现实眼镜和关于野生动物的电影是值得的，但不是一回事。我的一个在亚马逊工作的朋友是这样说的：“要爱森林，你需要闻到森林的味道。”)”可推知，作者朋友的话表示身临其境去观看在大自然中生活的动物是有必要的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Conservation should come first for all zoos, together with education and research. Without that, a zoo becomes just a business: one that the world would be better off without.(所有动物园都应该把保护放在首位，同时还要进行教育和研究。如果没有这些，动物园就会变成一种商业：没有这种商业，世界会变得更好)”以及通读全文可知，作者呼吁动物园做出改变，把动物保护放在首位并辅以教育和科研。A选项“动物园需要做出改变”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （23-24高一下·四川成都·期末）Not long ago, an airplane was flying over New Zealand. There was a television cameraman on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone thought, “UFO” — Unidentified Flying Object. The cameraman went into action and started filming. That week people all over the world saw the film of the mysterious light on their television screens. What was it? Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the airplane and the cameraman believed it was. Other observers had many different explanations. Some said it was Venus (金星). Others said it was just a trick of light. An air traffic controller also saw it on his radar screen. He thought that a flock of birds was causing dots on his radar screen when the “UFO” appeared. Most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus. At that time of year it was very bright and easy to see. And from a moving air plane it can appear to be moving fast. So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships from other planets do exist. These years investigators of UFOs have investigated thousands of sightings or occasions when people said they saw a UFO. Ninety percent of these turned out to have a simple explanation. However, it is a good idea to keep an open mind. Scientists in some countries are trying to persuade their governments to help them study UFOs. And they are planning to cooperate internationally on reporting and investigating sightings of UFOs. After all, it is quite possible that there is life out there in the universe. And if something is alive, it is quite possible that it will come to visit us. 1．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．The “UFO” is bright at night. B．They saw the “UFO”  in the daytime. C．There are different opinions about Venus. D．Some astronomers were on board when the “UFO” appeared. 2．The captain and the cameraman believed that the “UFO” was________. A．the planet Venus B．just a trick of light C．dots caused by a flock of birds D．a visiting spaceship from another planet 3．Why do most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus? A．Because they saw it with their own eyes. B．Because it was moving very fast when they saw it. C．Because they have proved UFOs or spaceships from Venus do exist. D．Because at the time when it was seen, Venus should be very bright and easy to see. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The discussion about what on earth the UFO is. B．Life in the universe will come to visit our earth. C．The UFO——an Unidentified Flying Object was filmed by a cameraman. D．Scientists studying the UFO are trying to ask the governments to offer help. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要说明了人们对一起目击UFO事件所持有的不同观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There was a television cameraman on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone thought, “UFO” — Unidentified Flying Object.(船上有一名电视摄影师。突然，在夜空中，一个明亮的球体映入眼帘。船上的每个人都看到了，每个人都认为是“UFO”——不明飞行物)”可知，“不明飞行物”在晚上很亮。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the airplane and the cameraman believed it was.(那是一艘满载着来自另一个星球的游客的宇宙飞船吗？机长和摄像师都认为是这样)”可知，船长和摄影师相信这个“不明飞行物”是一艘来自另一个星球的来访飞船。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus. At that time of year it was very bright and easy to see.(大多数天文学家现在相信，这些人看到的几乎肯定是金星。在每年的这个时候，天空非常明亮，很容易看到)”可知，大多数天文学家现在相信这些人看到的几乎肯定是金星是因为在看到金星的时候，它应该非常明亮，很容易被看到。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Not long ago, an airplane was flying over New Zealand. There was a television cameraman on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone thought, “UFO” — Unidentified Flying Object. The cameraman went into action and started filming. That week people all over the world saw the film of the mysterious light on their television screens. What was it? Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the airplane and the cameraman believed it was. Other observers had many different explanations. Some said it was Venus (金星). Others said it was just a trick of light.(不久前，一架飞机飞过新西兰上空。船上有一名电视摄影师。突然，在夜空中，一个明亮的球体映入眼帘。船上的每个人都看到了，每个人都认为是“UFO”——不明飞行物。摄影师开始行动，开始拍摄。那个星期，全世界的人都在他们的电视屏幕上看到了神秘之光的画面。是什么？那是一艘满载着来自另一个星球的游客的宇宙飞船吗？机长和摄像师都认为是这样。其他观察人士有许多不同的解释。有人说是金星。还有人说这只是光的把戏)”结合主要说明了人们对一起目击UFO事件所持有的不同观点。可知，这篇文章的主旨是关于UFO到底是什么的讨论。故选A。 （23-24高一下·江西·期末）Where is “space” exactly? This may seem like a simple question, but the answer may be more difficult than you think. Nowadays, most countries are generally in agreement that space begins when Earth’s atmosphere ends. But no one can tell where atmosphere actually ends and outer space begins. This leaves the door open for a variety of explanations until the Karman Line was recognized by international laws. The so-called Karman Line is an imaginary line 100 kilometers above Earth’s surface. Once this line is crossed, the air is too thin and traditional planes would need to reach the speed of 30,564 kilometers per hour or risk falling back to Earth. According to the international laws, once pilots and aircraft cross that line, they are recognized as astronauts and spacecraft and are free to conduct space operations without concern for international borders (边境). In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry. Well aware that the US wanted to operate advanced spying (侦查) aircraft safely, many developing countries opposed the idea and sought to establish much higher space limits — 965.6 kilometers above Earth’s surface. This space limit makes things a bit difficult for every country, though. At that height, even the International Space Station and Tiangong Space Station (orbiting between 320 to 435 kilometers up), and many satellites (orbiting 869 kilometers up) would not be considered spacecraft! In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. In 2009, it suggested that the border of space begin at l18 kilometers above Earth’s surface. What was its argument this time? It said that many breakthroughs have been made in space and spying technologies by other countries! 1．What is correct about the Kármán Line according to the international laws? A．It is unsafe for some countries. B．Traditional planes should not cross it. C．Pilots can fly freely above it. D．It is the highest line pilots can reach. 2．Many less developed countries suggested that space begin at_______. A．965.6 kilometers above Earth’s surface B．118 kilometers above Earth’s surface C．100 kilometers above Earth’s surface D．90.7 kilometers above Earth’s surface 3．What does the author most probably think of the US’ suggestions? A．Smart. B．Unfair. C．Scientific. D．Uncreative. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Where Does Space Begin Exactly? B．How High Should the Karman Line Be? C．How Can We Protect Our National Borders? D．Why Does the US Want to Change the Karman Line? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了太空的起点在哪里的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to the international laws, once pilots and aircraft cross that line, they are recognized as astronauts and spacecraft and are free to conduct space operations without concern for international borders (边境).(根据国际法，一旦飞行员和飞机跨过了这条线，它们就被看做是宇航员或者宇宙飞船，能自由地进行太空操作，而不用担心国际边界的问题。)”可知，根据国际法律，飞机一旦跨越了卡门线，就不用受国际边界的约束，能自由地飞行，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Well aware that the US wanted to operate advanced spying(侦查) aircraft safely, many developing countries opposed the idea and sought to establish much higher space limits—965.6 kilometers above Earth’s surface.(知道美国想要安全地操控先进的侦察飞船，因此很多发展中国家反对这一想法，并寻求建立更高的太空限制——在地球表面以上965.6千米处。)”可知，许多欠发达国家建议太空从地球表面以上965.6公里开始，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. In 2009, it suggested that the border of space begin at l18 kilometers above Earth’s surface. What was its argument this time? It said that many breakthroughs have been made in space and spying technologies by other countries!(近年来，美国一直在试图确定一个“更安全的太空边界”。2009年，它提出太空边界始于地球表面以上118公里处。这次它的论点是什么？它说其他国家在太空和间谍技术方面取得了许多突破！)”可知，美国因为认为其他国家在太空和间谍技术方面取得了许多突破，因此提出太空边界应始于地球表面以上118公里处，这只是为了它自己的利益出发，故可推知，作者认为美国的建议是不公平的，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Where is “space” exactly? This may seem like a simple question, but the answer may be more difficult than you think.(太空到底从哪里开始？这似乎是第一个简单的问题，但答案却比你想象中难得多。)”可知，文章在第一段提出关于太空的起点在哪里的问题，后文分别介绍了不同的国家有不同的看法。由此可知，A项“太空到底从哪里开始？”为文章的最佳标题。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$